Solar cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present application discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, belonging to the technical field of photovoltaic modules. It includes a cell body having a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other. The cell body includes a substrate, a doping layer, and a passivation layer stacked in sequence; a first grid pattern region is disposed on the first surface, and in the first grid pattern region, first fine grids and second fine grids extending along a first direction and alternately arranged along a second direction are provided; a protective layer includes a first protective layer and a second protective layer extending along the first direction and alternately arranged along the second direction. The first protective layer includes a plurality of first protection blocks arranged at intervals along the first direction, and the second protective layer includes a plurality of second protection blocks arranged at intervals along the first direction. The plurality of first protection blocks are stacked with the first fine grids, and the plurality of second protection blocks are stacked with the second fine grids. The portion where the first fine grid is stacked with the first protection block passes through the passivation layer and contacts the doping layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and specifically relates to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] A solar cell is the core component of a photovoltaic module, which can convert solar energy into electrical energy. The cell includes a substrate, a doping layer, and a passivation layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The fine grid is at least partially disposed within the passivation layer, and the fine grid can penetrate the passivation layer and connect to the doping layer to form an ohmic contact with the doping layer, so as to collect the current generated by the cell.

[0003] In the prior art, a fine grid is usually formed by screen printing on the surface of the passivation layer. The material used for printing the fine grid is a sintered material, which can burn through the passivation layer and enter the doping layer to form an ohmic contact with the doping layer, so as to collect the current generated by the cell.

[0004] However, during the preparation of a photovoltaic module, a solder strip needs to be welded to the fine grid to collect the current collected by the fine grid through the solder strip. However, when the solder strip is welded to the fine grid, the fine grid will be affected by heat, resulting in the fine grid penetrating through the doping layer to reach the substrate, damaging the substrate, and affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module to solve or at least partially solve the problem in the prior art that when a solder strip is welded to a fine grid, the fine grid is easily affected by heat, resulting in the fine grid penetrating through the doping layer to reach the substrate, damaging the substrate, and affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0006] To solve the above technical problem, this application is implemented as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application discloses a solar cell. The solar cell includes a cell body having a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. Along the direction from the second surface towards the first surface, the cell body includes a substrate, a doping layer, and a passivation layer stacked in sequence; a first grid pattern region disposed on the first surface, within which there are first fine grids and second fine grids extending along a first direction and alternately arranged along a second direction; a protective layer including a first protective layer and a second protective layer extending along the first direction and alternately arranged along the second direction. The first protective layer includes a plurality of first protection blocks spaced apart along the first direction, and the second protective layer includes a plurality of second protection blocks spaced apart along the first direction. A plurality of the first protection blocks are stacked with the first fine grids, and a plurality of the second protection blocks are stacked with the second fine grids. Wherein, the portion of the first fine grid stacked with the first protection block passes through the passivation layer and contacts the doping layer, and the second direction intersects the first direction.

[0008] In a second aspect, the present application further discloses a photovoltaic module, which includes an electrical connection member and the solar cell according to the first aspect. The solar cell extends along the second direction and is joined to the protective layer.

[0009] The present application discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a cell body having a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. Along the direction from the second surface towards the first surface, the cell body includes a substrate, a doping layer, and a passivation layer stacked in sequence; a first grid pattern region disposed on the first surface, within which there are first fine grids and second fine grids extending along a first direction and alternately arranged along a second direction; a protective layer including a first protective layer and a second protective layer extending along the first direction and alternately arranged along the second direction. The first protective layer includes a plurality of first protection blocks spaced apart along the first direction, and the second protective layer includes a plurality of second protection blocks spaced apart along the first direction. A plurality of the first protection blocks are stacked with the first fine grids, and a plurality of the second protection blocks are stacked with the second fine grids. Wherein, the portion of the first fine grid stacked with the first protection block passes through the passivation layer and contacts the doping layer, and the second direction intersects the first direction.

[0010] In the solar cell disclosed in the present application, a plurality of first protection blocks are stacked with the first fine grid, and the part of the first fine grid stacked with the first protection block passes through the passivation layer and contacts the doping layer. The part of the first fine grid stacked with the first protection block is protected by the first protection block to reduce the degree of thermal influence on the first fine grid when the solder strip is welded to the first fine grid, thereby preventing the first fine grid from passing through the doping layer to reach the substrate and causing damage to the substrate, so as to ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 Schematic diagram showing the structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0012] Figure 2 Schematic diagram showing the structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0013] Figure 3 Schematic diagram showing the structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0014] Figure 4 Schematic diagram showing the structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 4 ;

[0015] Figure 5 Schematic diagram showing the structure of the first protection block and the first fine grid described in the embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 6 Schematic diagram showing the structure of the first grid line pattern area described in the embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 7 Showing Figure 6 Cross-sectional view taken at A-A;

[0018] Figure 8 Showing Figure 7 Local enlarged view at B in;

[0019] Figure 9 Partial cross-section of the solar cell described in another embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 10 Partial cross-section of the solar cell described in another embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0021] Figure 11 Schematic diagram showing the structure of the metal particles described in the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 12 Showing Figure 3Partial enlarged view at C in [the figure];

[0023] Figure 13 Indicates Figure 12 Cross-sectional view at D-D in [the figure];

[0024] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 16 Indicates Figure 15 Partial enlarged view at E in [the figure];

[0027] Figure 17 Indicates Figure 16 Cross-sectional view at F-F.

[0028] Reference numerals:

[0029] 10: Battery cell body; 11: Substrate; 12: Doped layer; 121: First doped layer; 122: Second doped layer; 123: Spacer region; 13: Oxide layer; 14: Passivation layer;

[0030] 20: First grid line pattern region; 21: First fine grid; 211: First connection segment; 212: First disconnection portion; 213: Metal particles; 22: Second fine grid; 221: Second connection segment; 222: Second disconnection portion;

[0031] 30: Protective layer; 31: First protective layer; 311: First protection block; 32: Second protective layer; 321: Second protection block;

[0032] 40: Second grid line pattern region; 41: Third fine grid; 42: Fourth fine grid; 43: Converging segment; 431: Converging point; 432: End line;

[0033] 50: Electrical connector; 51: First electrical connector; 52: Second electrical connector;

[0034] 60: First insulating block; 61: Second insulating block;

[0035] X: First direction; Y: Second direction. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0037] It should be understood that the "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the appearances of "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0038] Referring to Figure 1 , a schematic structural diagram of the solar cell in the embodiment of the present application is shown; referring to Figure 1 ; referring to Figure 2 , a schematic structural diagram of the solar cell in the embodiment of the present application is shown; referring to Figure 2 ; referring to Figure 3 , a schematic structural diagram of the solar cell in the embodiment of the present application is shown; referring to Figure 3 ; referring to Figure 4 , a schematic structural diagram of the solar cell in the embodiment of the present application is shown; referring to Figure 4 ; referring to Figure 5 , a schematic structural diagram of the first protection block and the first fine grid in the embodiment of the present application is shown; referring to Figure 6 , a schematic structural diagram of the first grid line graphic area in the embodiment of the present application is shown; referring to Figure 7 , shows Figure 6 a sectional view at A-A; referring to Figure 8 , shows Figure 7 a partial enlarged view at B in Figure 9 ; referring to Figure 1 , a partial cross-section of the solar cell in another embodiment of the present application is shown; referring to Figure 10 , a partial cross-section of the solar cell in another embodiment of the present application is shown; referring to Figure 2 ; referring to Figure 11 , a schematic structural diagram of the metal particulate matter in the embodiment of the present application is shown; referring to Figure 12 , shows Figure 3 a partial enlarged view at C in Figure 13 , shows Figure 12 a sectional view at D-D in

[0039] As Figures 1 to 13As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present application discloses a solar cell. The solar cell includes a cell body 10. The cell body 10 has a first surface and a second surface that are oppositely arranged. Along the direction from the second surface towards the first surface, the cell body 10 includes a substrate 11, a doping layer 12, and a passivation layer 14 that are sequentially stacked; a first grid pattern region 20 is disposed on the first surface. In the first grid pattern region 20, first fine grids 21 and second fine grids 22 that extend along a first direction X and are alternately arranged along a second direction Y are provided; a protective layer 30 includes a first protective layer 31 and a second protective layer 32 that extend along the first direction X and are alternately arranged along the second direction Y. The first protective layer 31 includes a plurality of first protection blocks 311 that are spaced apart along the first direction X, and the second protective layer 32 includes a plurality of second protection blocks 321 that are spaced apart along the first direction X. The plurality of first protection blocks 311 are stacked with the first fine grids 21, and the plurality of second protection blocks 321 are stacked with the second fine grids 22; wherein, the part of the first fine grid 21 stacked with the first protection block 311 passes through the passivation layer 14 and contacts the doping layer 12, and the second direction Y intersects the first direction X.

[0040] As Figures 1 to 13 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present application discloses a solar cell. This solar cell is the core part of a photovoltaic module, and it can convert solar energy into electrical energy. The solar cell includes a cell body 10. The cell body 10 has a first surface and a second surface that are oppositely arranged. The first surface can be the side of the cell body 10 facing the sunlight, that is, the front surface. The first surface can also be the side of the cell body 10 facing away from the sunlight, that is, the back surface.

[0041] When the first surface is the front surface of the cell body 10, the second surface is the back surface of the cell body 10. When the first surface is the back surface of the cell body 10, the second surface is the front surface of the cell body 10. In this regard, the embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations. In actual applications, those skilled in the art can set according to needs.

[0042] Hereinafter, taking the first surface as the back surface of the cell body 10 and the second surface as the front surface of the cell body 10 as an example, the present application will be described in detail. That is to say, hereinafter, taking the solar cell as a back-contact solar cell as an example, the relevant description will be carried out.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present application, along the direction from the second surface towards the first surface, the cell body 10 includes a substrate 11, a doping layer 12, and a passivation layer 14 that are sequentially stacked. The first grid pattern region 20 is disposed on the first surface of the cell body 10. That is to say, the first grid pattern region 20 is disposed on the passivation layer 14 to collect and converge the current generated at the corresponding position of the cell body 10 through the first grid pattern region 20.

[0044] It can be understood that the first grid line pattern region 20 in the embodiment of the present application is disposed on the back surface of the battery cell body 10 to avoid blocking the front surface of the battery cell body 10 and affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell body 10. The first grid line pattern region 20 has first fine grids 21 and second fine grids 22 that extend along the first direction X and are alternately arranged along the second direction Y, and the first fine grids 21 and the second fine grids 22 have opposite polarities. To collect and converge the current generated by the battery cell body 10 through the first fine grids 21 and the second fine grids 22.

[0045] It should be noted that the first grid line pattern region 20 in the embodiment of the present application refers to the region occupied by the first fine grids 21 and the second fine grids 22 on the first surface of the battery cell body 10.

[0046] The battery cell body 10 in the embodiment of the present application can be a rectangular structure, a square structure, or a quasi-rectangular structure. Among them, the quasi-rectangular structure refers to a rectangular structure with a circular chamfer or a square chamfer, and the circular chamfer or the square chamfer is directly connected to one side of the battery cell body 10. Of course, the battery cell body 10 can also be other shapes. In the embodiment of the present application, there is no excessive limitation on the specific structure of the battery cell body 10.

[0047] Hereinafter, taking the battery cell body 10 as a rectangular structure as an example, relevant descriptions of the embodiment of the present application will be given. Among them, the first direction X can be the length direction of the battery cell body 10 or the width direction of the battery cell body 10. When the first direction X is the length direction of the battery cell body 10, the second direction Y is the width direction of the battery cell body 10. When the first direction X is the width direction of the battery cell body 10, the second direction Y is the length direction of the battery cell body 10.

[0048] As Figures 1 to 13 shown, the solar cell disclosed in the embodiment of the present application further includes a protective layer 30. The protective layer 30 includes first protective layers 31 and second protective layers 32 that extend along the first direction X and are alternately arranged along the second direction Y. The first protective layer 31 includes a plurality of first protection blocks 311 arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and the second protective layer 32 includes a plurality of second protection blocks 321 arranged at intervals along the first direction X.

[0049] It should be noted that both the first protection block 311 and the second protection block 321 in the embodiments of the present application are made of non-burn-through paste and have conductivity. Exemplarily, the first protection block 311 and the second protection block 321 can be made of non-burn-through silver paste, can be made of non-burn-through copper paste, or can be made of other non-burn-through metal materials with conductivity. Of course, in the embodiments of the present application, there are no excessive restrictions on the specific materials of the first protection block 311 and the second protection block 321. In actual applications, those skilled in the art can select according to needs.

[0050] Preferably, the metal materials of the first protection block 311 and the second protection block 321 are the same as those of the first fine grid 21 and the second fine grid 22, and can be, for example, at least one of silver and copper.

[0051] In the embodiments of the present application, a plurality of first protection blocks 311 are stacked with the first fine grid 21, and the portion of the first fine grid 21 stacked with the first protection block 311 passes through the passivation layer 14 and contacts the doped layer 12. The portion of the first fine grid 21 stacked with the first protection block 311 is protected by the first protection block 311 to reduce the degree of thermal influence on the first fine grid 21 when the first electrical connector 51 is welded to the first fine grid 21, thereby preventing the first fine grid 21 from passing through the doped layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and damaging the substrate 11, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0052] The first fine grid 21 in the embodiments of the present application can be made of burn-through metal paste and has conductivity. The first fine grid 21 can burn through the passivation layer 14 and directly contact the doped layer 12 to form a metal silicide, and the metal silicide can make the first fine grid 21 and the doped layer 12 form an ohmic contact, thereby collecting the current generated by the substrate 11. Exemplarily, the first fine grid 21 is made of burn-through silver paste, or the first fine grid 21 is made of burn-through copper paste.

[0053] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, a plurality of second protection blocks 321 are stacked with the second fine grid 22, and the portion of the second fine grid 22 stacked with the second protection block 321 can also pass through the passivation layer 14 and contact the doped layer 12. The portion of the second fine grid 22 stacked with the second protection block 321 is protected by the second protection block 321 to reduce the degree of thermal influence on the second fine grid 22 when the second electrical connector 52 is welded to the second fine grid 22, thereby preventing the second fine grid 22 from passing through the doped layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and damaging the substrate 11, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0054] The second fine grid 22 in the embodiment of the present application can also be made of a burn-through type metal paste and has electrical conductivity. The second fine grid 22 can burn through the passivation layer 14 and be in direct contact with the doped layer 12 to form a metal silicide, and the metal silicide can enable the second fine grid 22 and the doped layer 12 to form an ohmic contact, thereby collecting the current generated by the substrate 11. Exemplarily, the second fine grid 22 is made of a burn-through type silver paste, and the second fine grid 22 is made of a burn-through type copper paste.

[0055] Optionally, the first protection block 311 in the embodiment of the present application is disposed on the passivation layer 14 and does not penetrate the passivation layer 14.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present application, the first protection block 311 is disposed on the passivation layer 14 and does not penetrate the passivation layer 14 to protect the portion of the first fine grid 21 that overlaps with the first protection block 311, and reduce the degree of thermal influence on the first fine grid 21 when the first electrical connector 51 is welded to the first fine grid 21, thereby preventing the first fine grid 21 from penetrating through the doped layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0057] It can be understood that the first protection block 311 in the embodiment of the present application can be made of a non-burn-through type metal paste.

[0058] Optionally, as Figures 1 to 4 shown, in the embodiment of the present application, along the second direction Y, a plurality of first protection blocks 311 are spaced apart, a plurality of second protection blocks 321 are spaced apart, and the second protection blocks 321 and the first protection blocks 311 are alternately arranged.

[0059] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, the first fine grid 21 and the second fine grid 22 in the embodiment of the present application both extend along the first direction X and are alternately arranged along the second direction Y. Along the second direction Y, a plurality of first protection blocks 311 are spaced apart, and each first protection block 311 overlaps with a first fine grid 21. During the preparation of the photovoltaic module, the first electrical connector 51 extends along the second direction Y and covers a plurality of first protection blocks 311 to protect the portion of the first fine grid 21 that overlaps with the first protection block 311, and reduce the degree of thermal influence on the first fine grid 21 when the first electrical connector 51 is welded to the first fine grid 21, thereby preventing the first fine grid 21 from penetrating through the doped layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0060] Along the second direction Y, a plurality of second protection blocks 321 are arranged at intervals, and each second protection block 321 overlaps with a second fine grid 22. During the preparation of the photovoltaic module, the second electrical connector 52 extends along the second direction Y and covers the plurality of second protection blocks 321, so as to protect the overlapping part of the second fine grid 22 and the second protection block 321 through the plurality of second protection blocks 321, and reduce the degree of thermal influence on the second fine grid 22 when the second electrical connector 52 is welded to the second fine grid 22, thereby avoiding the second fine grid 22 passing through the doping layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0061] During the preparation of the photovoltaic module, both the first electrical connector 51 and the second electrical connector 52 extend along the second direction Y and are alternately arranged along the first direction X. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, along the second direction Y, the second protection block 321 and the first protection block 311 are arranged in a staggered and alternating manner, so that the first protection block 311 is correspondingly arranged with the first electrical connector 51, and the second protection block 321 is correspondingly arranged with the second electrical connector 52.

[0062] Optionally, as Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, along the direction from the second surface towards the first surface, the first protection block 311 overlaps with the first fine grid 21.

[0063] As an optional implementation manner, as Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, along the direction from the second surface towards the first surface, the first protection block 311 can be overlapped with the first fine grid 21. To protect the overlapping part of the first fine grid 21 and the first protection block 311 through the first protection block 311. Reduce the degree of thermal influence on the first fine grid 21, thereby avoiding the first fine grid 21 passing through the doping layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0064] It should be noted that the second protection block 321 in the embodiment of the present application can also overlap with the second fine grid 22, so as to protect the overlapping part of the second fine grid 22 and the second protection block 321 through the second protection block 321, thereby reducing the degree of thermal influence on the second fine grid 22, avoiding the second fine grid 22 passing through the doping layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0065] As Figure 5 shown, it should be noted that the overlapping part of the first fine grid 21 and the first protection block 311 in the embodiment of the present application is continuous and unbroken. The overlapping part of the second fine grid 22 and the second protection block 321 is continuous and unbroken.

[0066] Optionally, as Figure 9 andFigure 10 As shown, along the direction of the second surface towards the first surface, the first fine grid 21 is stacked on the first protection block 311; the overlapping part of the first fine grid 21 and the first protection block 311 passes through the first protection layer 31 and the passivation layer 14 and contacts the doped layer 12.

[0067] As Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown, along the direction of the second surface towards the first surface, the first fine grid 21 is stacked on the first protection block 311. Exemplarily, the first fine grid 21 is made of a burn-through paste, and the first protection block 311 is made of a non-burn-through material.

[0068] During the preparation process of the photovoltaic module, the first fine grid 21 can burn through the first protection block 311 and the passivation layer 14 and be electrically connected to the doped layer 12 to collect the current generated by the cell body 10. Further, in the embodiments of the present application, by arranging the first protection block 311 between the first fine grid 21 and the passivation layer 14, the depth of the first fine grid 21 sintered into the doped layer 12 is less than the depth of the first fine grid 21 directly located on the passivation layer 14 sintered into the doped layer 12, thereby preventing the first fine grid 21 from passing through the doped layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0069] As an optional implementation manner, in the embodiments of the present application, along the direction of the second surface towards the first surface, the second fine grid 22 can also be stacked on the second protection block 321, and the overlapping part of the second fine grid 22 and the second protection block 321 passes through the second protection layer 32 and the passivation layer 14 and contacts the doped layer 12.

[0070] In the embodiments of the present application, along the direction of the second surface towards the first surface, the second fine grid 22 is stacked on the second protection block 321. Exemplarily, the second fine grid 22 is made of a burn-through paste, and the second protection block 321 is made of a non-burn-through material.

[0071] During the preparation process of the photovoltaic module, the second fine grid 22 can burn through the second protection block 321 and the passivation layer 14 and be electrically connected to the doped layer 12 to collect the current generated by the cell body 10. Further, in the embodiments of the present application, by arranging the second protection block 321 between the second fine grid 22 and the passivation layer 14, the depth of the second fine grid 22 sintered into the doped layer 12 is less than the depth of the second fine grid 22 directly located on the passivation layer 14 sintered into the doped layer 12, thereby preventing the second fine grid 22 from passing through the doped layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0072] Optionally, in the embodiments of the present application, the first fine grid 21 passes through the passivation layer 14 and at least partially embeds in the doping layer 12; the depth of the part of the first fine grid 21 overlapping with the first protection block 311 embedded in the doping layer 12 is less than the depth of the other parts of the first fine grid 21 embedded in the doping layer 12.

[0073] The first fine grid 21 in the embodiments of the present application is made of a burn-through type metal material, so that the first fine grid 21 can pass through the passivation layer 14 and at least partially embed in the doping layer 12.

[0074] In the embodiments of the present application, by setting the depth of the part of the first fine grid 21 overlapping with the first protection block 311 embedded in the doping layer 12 to be less than the depth of the other parts of the first fine grid 21 embedded in the doping layer 12, it is avoided that the part of the first fine grid 21 overlapping with the first protection block 311 passes through the doping layer 12 to reach the substrate 11, causing damage to the substrate 11 and affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. That is to say, through the above settings, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module can be ensured.

[0075] Optionally, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the first fine grid 21 in the embodiments of the present application includes a plurality of first connection segments 211 arranged at intervals along the first direction X, a first disconnection part 212 is arranged between adjacent two first connection segments 211, and along the second direction Y, each first disconnection part 212 is oppositely arranged with a second protection block 321; the second fine grid 22 includes a plurality of second connection segments 221 arranged at intervals along the first direction X, a second disconnection part 222 is arranged between adjacent two second connection segments 221, and along the second direction Y, each second disconnection part 222 is oppositely arranged with a first protection block 311.

[0076] As an optional implementation manner, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the first fine grid 21 in the embodiments of the present application includes a plurality of first connection segments 211 arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and a first disconnection part 212 is arranged between adjacent two first connection segments 211. And along the second direction Y, each first disconnection part 212 is oppositely arranged with a second protection block 321. During the preparation process of the photovoltaic module, it is necessary to join the second electrical connector 52 to the second protection block 321. By arranging the first disconnection part 212 opposite to the second protection block 321, it can be avoided that the second electrical connector 52 is connected to the first fine grid 21, resulting in a short circuit phenomenon of the photovoltaic module.

[0077] As Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the figure, the second fine grid 22 in the embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of second connection segments 221 arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and a second disconnection portion 222 is provided between two adjacent second connection segments 221. And along the second direction Y, each second disconnection portion 222 is arranged opposite to a first protection block 311. During the preparation process of the photovoltaic module, it is necessary to join the first electrical connector 51 to the first protection block 311. Arranging the second disconnection portion 222 opposite to the first protection block 311 can prevent the first electrical connector 51 from being connected to the second fine grid 22, resulting in a short circuit phenomenon in the photovoltaic module.

[0078] Optionally, along the first direction X, the length of the first protection block 311 and / or the second protection block 321 is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.9 mm.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, along the first direction X, the length of the first protection block 311 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.9 mm. So that along the first direction X, the length of the first protection block 311 can be greater than the width of the first electrical connector 51, avoiding excessive thermal influence of the first electrical connector 51 on the first fine grid 21 and affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0080] Generally, along the first direction X, the width of the first electrical connector 51 is greater than or equal to 0.15 mm and less than or equal to 0.6 mm. Exemplarily, along the first direction X, the width of the first electrical connector 51 is 0.15 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, etc. And along the first direction X, the length of the first protection block 311 is 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, etc.

[0081] In the embodiment of the present application, along the first direction X, the length of the second protection block 321 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.9 mm. So that along the first direction X, the length of the second protection block 321 can be greater than the width of the second electrical connector 52, avoiding excessive thermal influence of the second electrical connector 52 on the second fine grid 22 and affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0082] Generally, along the first direction X, the width of the second electrical connector 52 is greater than or equal to 0.15 mm and less than or equal to 0.6 mm. Exemplarily, along the first direction X, the width of the second electrical connector 52 is 0.15 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, etc. And along the first direction X, the length of the second protection block 321 is 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, etc.

[0083] Optionally, as Figures 1 to 4 shown, along the second direction Y, the width of the first protection block 311 is greater than the width of the first fine grid 21, and the width of the second protection block 321 is greater than the width of the second fine grid 22.

[0084] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, in the embodiment of the present application, along the second direction Y, the width of the first protection block 311 is set to be greater than the width of the first fine grid 21, and the projection of the overlapping part of the first fine grid 21 and the first protection block 311 on the plane where the first protection block 311 is located falls within the first protection block 311. To protect the first fine grid 21 through the first protection block 311, reduce the degree of thermal influence on the first fine grid 21, thereby preventing the first fine grid 21 from passing through the doping layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, along the second direction Y, the width of the second protection block 321 is set to be greater than the width of the second fine grid 22, and the projection of the overlapping part of the second fine grid 22 and the second protection block 321 on the plane where the second protection block 321 is located falls within the second protection block 321. To protect the second fine grid 22 through the second protection block 321, reduce the degree of thermal influence on the second fine grid 22, thereby preventing the second fine grid 22 from passing through the doping layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0086] Optionally, along the second direction Y, the width of the first fine grid 21 and / or the second fine grid 22 is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 40 μm; the width of the first protection block 311 and / or the second protection block 321 is greater than or equal to 80 μm and less than or equal to 200 μm.

[0087] In the embodiment of the present application, along the second direction Y, the width of the first fine grid 21 is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 40 μm, and the width of the first protection block 311 is greater than or equal to 80 μm and less than or equal to 200 μm. Exemplarily, along the second direction Y, the width of the first fine grid 21 is 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, etc. Along the second direction Y, the width of the first protection block 311 is 80 μm, 100 μm, 120 μm, 140 μm, 160 μm, 180 μm, etc.

[0088] In the embodiments of the present application, along the second direction Y, the width of the second fine grid 22 is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 40 μm, and the width of the second protection block 321 is greater than or equal to 80 μm and less than or equal to 200 μm. Exemplarily, along the second direction Y, the width of the second fine grid 22 is 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, etc. Along the second direction Y, the width of the second protection block 321 is 80 μm, 110 μm, 130 μm, 150 μm, 170 μm, 180 μm, etc.

[0089] Optionally, the first protection layer 31 and / or the second protection layer 32 is one of a silver layer, a copper layer, a silver alloy layer, and a copper alloy layer.

[0090] Both the first protection layer 31 and the second protection layer 32 in the embodiments of the present application have conductivity and are made of non-burn-through metal paste. Exemplarily, the first protection layer 31 and the second protection layer 32 can be made of non-burn-through silver paste, can be made of non-burn-through copper paste, can be made of non-burn-through silver alloy paste, or can be made of non-burn-through copper alloy material.

[0091] Of course, the above are only individual examples of the specific materials of the first protection layer 31 and the second protection layer 32, and do not limit the present application. In actual applications, those skilled in the art can also select other non-burn-through metal pastes according to needs.

[0092] Optionally, as Figure 6 shown, the doped layer 12 in the embodiments of the present application includes a first doped layer 121 and a second doped layer 122 that extend along the first direction X and are alternately arranged along the second direction Y. Along the second direction Y, there is a spacer 123 between adjacent first doped layers 121 and second doped layers 122; each first fine grid 21 is correspondingly arranged with a first doped layer 121, the first fine grid 21 passes through the passivation layer 14 and contacts the first doped layer 121, each second fine grid 22 is correspondingly arranged with a second doped layer 122, and the second fine grid 22 passes through the passivation layer 14 and contacts the second doped layer 122.

[0093] As Figure 6As shown, the doping layer 12 in the embodiment of the present application includes a first doping layer 121 and a second doping layer 122 that extend along the first direction X and are alternately arranged along the second direction Y, and there is a spacer 123 between adjacent first doping layer 121 and second doping layer 122. Among them, the first doping layer 121 is connected to one area of the substrate 11, and the second doping layer 122 is connected to another area of the substrate 11, so as to collect the current generated by the substrate 11 through the first doping layer 121 and the second doping layer 122. It can be understood that the first doping layer 121 and the second doping layer 122 are electrodes of the substrate 11, and the polarities of the first doping layer 121 and the second doping layer 122 are opposite.

[0094] Furthermore, the spacer 123 is arranged between adjacent first doping layer 121 and second doping layer 122, and the first doping layer 121 and the second doping layer 122 can be separated by the spacer 123 to avoid short - circuit phenomenon in the photovoltaic module.

[0095] As Figure 6 shown, each first fine grid 21 in the embodiment of the present application is correspondingly arranged with a first doping layer 121. The first fine grid 21 can penetrate through the passivation layer 14 and contact the first doping layer 121 to collect the current in the first doping layer 121. Each second fine grid 22 is correspondingly arranged with a second doping layer 122. The second fine grid 22 can penetrate through the passivation layer 14 and contact the second doping layer 122 to collect the current in the second doping layer 122.

[0096] Optionally, as Figure 11 shown, there are multiple metal particles 213 between the part of the first fine grid 21 that overlaps with the first protection block 311 and the doping layer 12; along the thickness direction of the solar cell, one end of the metal particle 213 is embedded in the first fine grid 21, and the other end is embedded in the doping layer 12. That is to say, one end of the metal particle 213 is embedded in the first fine grid 21, and the other end is embedded in the first doping layer 121.

[0097] As Figure 11 shown, during the preparation process of the photovoltaic module, there are multiple metal particles 213 between the part of the first fine grid 21 that overlaps with the first protection block 311 and the first doping layer 121. One end of the metal particle 213 is embedded in the first fine grid 21, and the other end is embedded in the first doping layer 121. However, the metal particles 213 will not enter the substrate 11. Therefore, the metal particles 213 will not damage the substrate 11 and affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0098] It should be noted that the material of the metal particles 213 in the embodiments of the present application is the same as that of the first fine grid 21. It can be understood that after the material of the first fine grid 21 agglomerates, it is embedded in the first doping layer 121 to form the metal particles 213. Exemplarily, the metal particles 213 can be metal crystals. The metal particles 213 can also include the silicon material of the first doping layer 121 to form metal silicide. In addition, the metal particles in the embodiments of the present application can be connected to the first fine grid 21 or separated from the first fine grid 21.

[0099] As an alternative embodiment, there are also a plurality of metal particles between the portion of the second fine grid 22 overlapping with the second protection block 321 and the doping layer 12; along the thickness direction of the solar cell, one end of the metal particles can be embedded in the second fine grid 22 and the other end can be embedded in the second doping layer 122.

[0100] In the embodiments of the present application, during the preparation process of the photovoltaic module, there are also metal particles between the portion of the second fine grid 22 overlapping with the second protection block 321 and the second doping layer 122. One end of the metal particles is embedded in the second fine grid 22 and the other end is embedded in the second doping layer 122. However, the metal particles will not enter the substrate 11. Therefore, the metal particles will not damage the substrate 11 and affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0101] It should be noted that the material of the metal particles in the embodiments of the present application is the same as that of the second fine grid 22. It can be understood that after the material of the second fine grid 22 agglomerates, it is embedded in the second doping layer 122 to form the metal particles. Exemplarily, the metal particles can be metal crystals. The metal particles can also include the silicon material of the second doping layer 122 to form metal silicide. In addition, the metal particles in the embodiments of the present application can be connected to the second fine grid 22 or separated from the second fine grid 22.

[0102] Optionally, as Figure 11 shown, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the metal particles 213 do not penetrate the doping layer 12, and / or there is at least an oxide layer 13 between the metal particles 213 and the substrate 11.

[0103] As Figure 11 shown, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the metal particles 213 do not penetrate the doping layer 12 to prevent the metal particles 213 from passing through the doping layer 12 and reaching the substrate 11, damaging the substrate 11 and affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0104] Alternatively, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, an oxide layer 13 is interposed between the metal particles 213 and the substrate 11. The thickness of the oxide layer 13 is greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 3 nm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the oxide layer 13 is 1 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, etc.

[0105] As Figure 11 shown, in the embodiment of the present application, one end of the metal particle 213 is embedded in the first fine grid 21, and the other end is embedded in the first doping layer 121, and an oxide layer 13 is interposed between the other end of the metal particle 213 and the substrate 11. That is to say, the other end of the metal particle 213 is spaced from the substrate 11 by the oxide layer 13, and the metal particle 213 will not damage the substrate 11, and the influence of the metal particle 213 on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module can be avoided.

[0106] Optionally, the thickness of the first doping layer 121 and / or the second doping layer 122 is greater than or equal to 60 nm and less than or equal to 150 nm.

[0107] In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first doping layer 121 is greater than or equal to 60 nm and less than or equal to 150 nm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the first doping layer 121 is 60 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 120 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, etc.

[0108] In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the second doping layer 122 is greater than or equal to 60 nm and less than or equal to 150 nm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the first doping layer 121 is 60 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 120 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, etc.

[0109] Optionally, as Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 12 shown, the solar cell disclosed in the embodiment of the present application further includes: a second grid pattern region 40, the second grid pattern region 40 is disposed on the first surface, and along the second direction Y, the second grid pattern region 40 is adjacent to the first grid pattern region 20, and the second grid pattern region 40 is located closer to the edge of the first surface; the second grid pattern region 40 has third fine grids 41 and fourth fine grids 42 extending along the first direction X and arranged alternately along the second direction Y, and the second grid pattern region 40 further has a converging section 43, the converging section 43 extends along the second direction Y, and the converging section 43 is connected to the third fine grid 41 or the fourth fine grid 42; the converging section 43 is disposed on the passivation layer and is not in direct contact with the doping layer 12.

[0110] As Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 12As shown, the second grid line pattern region 40 in the embodiment of the present application is also disposed on the first surface of the cell body 10, and along the second direction Y, the second grid line pattern region 40 is adjacently disposed to the first grid line pattern region 20. Exemplarily, along the second direction Y, the second grid line pattern region 40 is located in a region closer to the edge of the cell body 10 compared to the first grid line pattern region 20.

[0111] In the second grid line pattern region 40 in the embodiment of the present application, there are third fine grids 41 and fourth fine grids 42 that extend along the first direction X and are alternately arranged along the second direction Y. The third fine grids 41 and the fourth fine grids 42 can penetrate the passivation layer 14 and contact the doping layer 12 to collect the current generated by the cell body 10. Among them, the polarities of the third fine grids 41 and the fourth fine grids 42 are opposite.

[0112] As Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 12 shown, the second grid line pattern region 40 also has a converging section 43. The converging section 43 extends along the second direction Y, and the converging section 43 is disposed on the passivation layer 14 and the converging section 43 does not directly contact the doping layer 12. The converging section 43 has no direct contact with the doping layer 12 because the width and area of the converging section 43 are large, and it is impossible to provide a protective layer 30 like that in part of the first grid line pattern region 20 over a large area. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the converging section 43 does not burn through the passivation layer 14.

[0113] Among them, the converging section 43 can be connected to the third fine grid 41 to converge the current collected by the third fine grid 41. And there is a gap between the converging section 43 and the fourth fine grid 42 to avoid short - circuit phenomena in the solar cell. That is to say, the fourth fine grid 42 is in an open state at the position where the converging section 43 is located.

[0114] In the embodiment of the present application, there are multiple converging sections 43. The multiple converging sections 43 all extend along the second direction Y and are spaced apart along the first direction X. When one converging section 43 is connected to the third fine grid 41, there is a gap between this converging section 43 and the fourth fine grid 42. Another converging section 43 adjacent to this converging section 43 can be connected to the fourth fine grid 42 and there is a gap between it and the third fine grid 41. Thus, the current collected by the third fine grid 41 and the fourth fine grid 42 is converged through the multiple converging sections 43.

[0115] In the embodiment of the present application, the converging section 43 does not burn through the passivation layer 14, so as to protect the third fine grid 41 or the fourth fine grid 42 through the converging section 43, and reduce the degree of thermal influence on the third fine grid 41 and the fourth fine grid 42 when the electrical connector 50 is welded to the third fine grid 41 or the fourth fine grid 42, thereby avoiding the third fine grid 41 or the fourth fine grid 42 from passing through the doping layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0116] Optionally, as Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 12 shown, the converging section 43 includes a converging point 431 and a terminal line 432 connected to the converging point 431. The terminal line 432 is connected to the side of the converging point 431 away from the first grid line pattern area 20; the third fine grid 41 is connected to the converging point 431 and the terminal line 432, and there is a gap between the fourth fine grid 42 and the converging point 431 and the terminal line 432; both the terminal line 432 and the converging point 431 are disposed on the passivation layer 14 and do not directly contact the doping layer 12.

[0117] As Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 12 shown, the converging section 43 in the embodiment of the present application includes a converging point 431 and a terminal line 432 connected to the converging point 431. The converging point 431 and the terminal line 432 are arranged along the second direction Y. Along the second direction Y, the converging point 431 is located on the side of the second grid line pattern area 40 close to the first grid line pattern area 20, and the terminal line 432 is located on the side of the second grid line pattern area 40 away from the first grid line pattern area 20.

[0118] In the embodiment of the present application, both the third fine grid 41 and the fourth fine grid 42 extend along the first direction X and are alternately arranged along the second direction Y. The polarities of the third fine grid 41 and the fourth fine grid 42 are different. It can be understood that when the third fine grid 41 is a positive grid line, the fourth fine grid 42 is a negative grid line. When the third fine grid 41 is a negative grid line, the fourth fine grid 42 is a positive grid line.

[0119] As Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 12 shown, the third fine grid 41 is connected to the converging point 431 or the terminal line 432 to collect the current collected by the third fine grid 41 through the converging point 431 and the terminal line 432. There is a gap between the fourth fine grid 42 and the converging point 431 and the terminal line 432 to avoid short - circuit of the solar cell.

[0120] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the end wire 432 and the convergence point 431 are both disposed on the passivation layer 14 and are not in direct contact with the doping layer 12. That is to say, neither the end wire 432 nor the convergence point 431 burns through the passivation layer 14. Thus, the third fine grid 41 can be protected by the end wire 432 and the convergence point 431, and when the electrical connector 50 is welded to the third fine grid 41, the degree of thermal influence on the third fine grid 41 can be reduced, thereby preventing the third fine grid 41 from passing through the doping layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and damaging the substrate 11, ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0121] Referring to Figure 14 , a schematic partial structure of the photovoltaic module in the embodiments of the present application is shown Figure 1 ; referring to Figure 15 , a schematic partial structure of the photovoltaic module in the embodiments of the present application is shown Figure 2 ; referring to Figure 16 , a partial enlarged view of the E position in Figure 15 is shown; referring to Figure 17 , a cross-sectional view at the F-F position in Figure 16 is shown.

[0122] As Figures 14 to 17 shown, an embodiment of the present application discloses a photovoltaic module, which includes an electrical connector 50 and the solar cell in the above embodiment. The electrical connector 50 extends along the second direction Y and is joined to the protective layer 30.

[0123] As Figures 14 to 17 shown, the photovoltaic module disclosed in the embodiments of the present application includes the solar cell and the electrical connector 50 in the above embodiment. The electrical connector 50 extends along the second direction Y and is joined to the protective layer 30. The part of the first fine grid 21 overlapping with the protective layer 30 can be protected by the protective layer 30, and the part of the second fine grid 22 overlapping with the protective layer 30 can be protected by the protective layer 30. When the electrical connector 50 is welded to the first fine grid 21 or the second fine grid 22, the degree of thermal influence on the first fine grid 21 or the second fine grid 22 can be reduced, thereby preventing the first fine grid 21 or the second fine grid 22 from passing through the doping layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and damaging the substrate 11, affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0124] It should be noted that the electrical connector 50 in the embodiments of the present application has conductivity, and the electrical connector 50 can transmit the current generated by the solar cell to an external circuit. Exemplarily, the electrical connector 50 can be a solder strip, and the cross-section of the solder strip can be circular, oval, rectangular, or quasi-rectangular.

[0125] Optionally, as Figures 14 to 17As shown in the figure, the electrical connector 50 in the embodiment of the present application includes a first electrical connector 51 and a second electrical connector 52. The first electrical connector 51 and the second electrical connector 52 both extend along the second direction Y and are arranged alternately along the first direction X. The first electrical connector 51 is joined to the first protection block 311, and the second electrical connector 52 is joined to the second protection block 321.

[0126] As Figures 14 to 17 shown in the figure, the first electrical connector 51 and the second electrical connector 52 in the embodiment of the present application both extend along the second direction Y and are arranged alternately along the first direction X. The first electrical connector 51 is joined to the first protection block 311 to protect the portion of the first fine grid 21 that overlaps with the first protection block 311 through the first protection block 311. When the first electrical connector 51 is welded to the first fine grid 21, the degree of thermal influence on the first fine grid 21 is reduced, thereby preventing the first fine grid 21 from passing through the doped layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, which affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0127] Furthermore, the second electrical connector 52 is joined to the second protection block 321 to protect the portion of the second fine grid 22 that overlaps with the second protection block 321 through the second protection block 321. When the second electrical connector 52 is welded to the second fine grid 22, the degree of thermal influence on the second fine grid 22 is reduced, thereby preventing the second fine grid 22 from passing through the doped layer 12 to reach the substrate 11 and causing damage to the substrate 11, which affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0128] Optionally, as Figures 14 to 17 shown in the figure, a first insulating block 60 is provided at the connection between the first fine grid 21 and the second electrical connector 52, and a second insulating block 61 is provided at the connection between the second fine grid 22 and the first electrical connector 51.

[0129] As Figures 14 to 17 shown in the figure, in the embodiment of the present application, a first insulating block 60 is provided at the connection between the first fine grid 21 and the second electrical connector 52 to isolate the first fine grid 21 and the second electrical connector 52 through the first insulating block 60, preventing the first fine grid 21 from being connected to the second electrical connector 52 and causing a short - circuit phenomenon in the photovoltaic module.

[0130] In the embodiment of the present application, a second insulating block 61 is provided at the connection between the second fine grid 22 and the first electrical connector 51 to isolate the second fine grid 22 and the first electrical connector 51 through the second insulating block 61, preventing the second fine grid 22 from being connected to the first electrical connector 51 and causing a short - circuit phenomenon in the photovoltaic module.

[0131] Optionally, as Figures 14 to 17As shown, along the second direction Y, the second insulating block 61 is located between two adjacent first protection blocks 311, and the width of the second insulating block 61 is less than or equal to the distance between two adjacent first protection blocks 311; along the second direction Y, the first insulating block 60 is located between two adjacent second protection blocks 321, and the width of the first insulating block 60 is less than or equal to the distance between two adjacent second protection blocks 321.

[0132] As Figures 14 to 17 shown, in the embodiment of the present application, along the second direction Y, the second insulating block 61 is located between two adjacent first protection blocks 311, and along the second direction Y, the width of the second insulating block 61 is less than or equal to the distance between two adjacent first protection blocks 311. To avoid the setting of the second insulating block 61 from affecting the reliability of the connection between the first fine grid 21 and the first electrical connector 51, thereby ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the optoelectronic component.

[0133] In the embodiment of the present application, along the second direction Y, the first insulating block 60 is located between two adjacent second protection blocks 321, and along the second direction Y, the width of the first insulating block 60 is less than or equal to the distance between two adjacent second protection blocks 321. To avoid the setting of the first insulating block 60 from affecting the reliability of the connection between the second fine grid 22 and the second electrical connector 52, thereby ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0134] Optionally, as Figures 14 to 17 shown, along the first direction X, the length of the first protection block 311 is greater than the width of the first electrical connector 51, and the length of the second protection block 321 is greater than the width of the second electrical connector 52.

[0135] As Figures 14 to 17 shown, in the embodiment of the present application, along the first direction X, the length of the first protection block 311 is set to be greater than the width of the first electrical connector 51, so as to avoid the first electrical connector 51 contacting the first fine grid 21, resulting in an excessive thermal influence of the first electrical connector 51 on the first fine grid 21 and affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0136] In the embodiment of the present application, along the first direction X, the length of the second protection block 321 is set to be greater than the width of the second electrical connector 52, so as to avoid the second electrical connector 52 contacting the second fine grid 22, resulting in an excessive thermal influence of the second electrical connector 52 on the second fine grid 22 and affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0137] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0138] Although alternative embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications once they learn the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed as including alternative embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0139] Finally, it should also be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity from another entity, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that an article or terminal device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such article or terminal device. Without more limitations, an element defined by the statement "including one..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the article or terminal device including the element.

[0140] The technical solutions provided by the present invention have been introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this text to illustrate the principles and implementation manners of the present invention. At the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the principles and implementation manners of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: A cell body, the cell body having a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, and in a direction from the second surface to the first surface, the cell body comprising a substrate, a doping layer and a passivation layer stacked in sequence; A first gate line pattern region, the first gate line pattern region is disposed on the first surface, and the first gate line pattern region has first fine grids and second fine grids extending along a first direction and alternately arranged along a second direction; a protective layer, the protective layer comprising a first protective layer and a second protective layer extending along the first direction and alternately arranged along the second direction, the first protective layer comprising a plurality of first protective blocks arranged at intervals along the first direction, the second protective layer comprising a plurality of second protective blocks arranged at intervals along the first direction, a plurality of the first protective blocks overlapping the first fine gates, and a plurality of the second protective blocks overlapping the second fine gates; The portion where the first fine gate overlaps with the first protection block passes through the passivation layer and contacts the doping layer, and the second direction intersects with the first direction.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first protection block is disposed on the passivation layer and does not pass through the passivation layer.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the second direction, a plurality of the first protection blocks are arranged at intervals, a plurality of the second protection blocks are arranged at intervals, and the second protection blocks and the first protection blocks are arranged alternately and staggered.

4. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along a direction from the second surface toward the first surface, the first protection block is stacked on the first fine grid.

5. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the direction from the second surface to the first surface, the first fine grid is stacked on the first protection block; A portion of the first fine gate overlapping the first protection block passes through the first protection layer and the passivation layer and contacts the doping layer.

6. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fine gates all pass through the passivation layer and are at least partially embedded in the doping layer; A portion of the first fine gate overlapping the first protection block is embedded in the doping layer at a depth that is less than a depth of other portions of the first fine gate embedded in the doping layer.

7. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fine grid includes a plurality of first connecting segments spaced apart along the first direction, a first disconnecting portion is disposed between two adjacent first connecting segments, and each of the first disconnecting portions is disposed opposite to one of the second protection blocks along the second direction; The second fine grid includes a plurality of second connecting segments spaced apart along the first direction, a second disconnecting portion is disposed between two adjacent second connecting segments, and each second disconnecting portion is disposed opposite to one of the first protection blocks along the second direction.

8. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the first direction, a length of the first protection block and / or the second protection block is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.9 mm.

9. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the second direction, the width of the first protection block is greater than the width of the first fine grid, and the width of the second protection block is greater than the width of the second fine grid.

10. The solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: Along the second direction, a width of the first fine grid and / or the second fine grid is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 40 μm; A width of the first protection block and / or the second protection block is greater than or equal to 80 μm and less than or equal to 200 μm.

11. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first protective layer and / or the second protective layer is one of a silver layer, a copper layer, a silver alloy layer and a copper alloy layer.

12. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The doping layer comprises a first doping layer and a second doping layer extending along the first direction and arranged alternately along the second direction, and a spacing region is provided between adjacent first doping layers and second doping layers along the second direction; Each of the first fine gates is arranged corresponding to one of the first doped layers, passes through the passivation layer and contacts the first doped layer, and each of the second fine gates is arranged corresponding to one of the second doped layers, passes through the passivation layer and contacts the second doped layer.

13. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are a plurality of metal particles between the overlapping portion of the first fine gate and the first protection block and the doping layer; Along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, one end of the metal particles is embedded in the first fine grid, and the other end is embedded in the doping layer.

14. The solar cell according to claim 13, characterized in that: Along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the metal particles do not penetrate the doping layer, and / or there is at least an oxide layer between the metal particles and the substrate.

15. The solar cell according to claim 14, characterized in that: The thickness of the oxide layer is greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 3 nm.

16. The solar cell according to claim 12, characterized in that: The thickness of the first doping layer and / or the second doping layer is greater than or equal to 60 nm and less than or equal to 150 nm.

17. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar cell further comprises: a second grid line pattern region, the second grid line pattern region being disposed on the first surface, the second grid line pattern region being disposed adjacent to the first grid line pattern region along the second direction, and the second grid line pattern region being located closer to an edge of the first surface; The second grid line pattern region includes a third fine grid and a fourth fine grid extending along the first direction and arranged alternately along the second direction, and the second grid line pattern region also includes a collecting segment, the collecting segment extending along the second direction, and the collecting segment is connected to the third fine grid or the fourth fine grid; The collecting section is disposed on the passivation layer and is not in direct contact with the doping layer.

18. The solar cell according to claim 17, characterized in that: The collecting section includes a collecting point and a terminal line connected to the collecting point, wherein the terminal line is connected to a side of the collecting point away from the first grid line pattern area; The third fine grid is connected to the collection point and the terminal line, and there is a gap between the fourth fine grid and the collection point and the terminal line; The terminal line and the collection point are both arranged on the passivation layer and are not in direct contact with the doping layer.

19. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The invention comprises an electrical connector and the solar cell sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the electrical connector extends along the second direction and is bonded to the protective layer.

20. The photovoltaic module according to claim 19, characterized in that: The electrical connector includes a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector, The first electrical connector and the second electrical connector both extend along the second direction and are alternately arranged along the first direction. The first electrical connector is connected to the first protection block, and the second electrical connector is connected to the second protection block.

21. The photovoltaic module according to claim 20, characterized in that: A first insulating block is disposed at a connection between the first fine grid and the second electrical connector, and a second insulating block is disposed at a connection between the second fine grid and the first electrical connector.

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