Application of microbial inoculants and biochar in the prevention and treatment of tomato root-knot nematode disease

Abstract

The application of microbial agent and biochar in the prevention and treatment of tomato root-knot nematode disease is disclosed, which relates to the technical field of tomato root-knot nematode prevention and treatment. The microbial agent is Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, the dosage of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is 2 kg per mu, and the application amount of biochar is 1 t per mu. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is dripped into water by drip irrigation, and is dripped once every 20 days. Biochar is applied as base fertilizer before tomato planting. After data measurement, arrangement and analysis, it is found that in the greenhouse soil infected with root-knot nematode disease in Hexi region of Gansu province, when the dosage of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is 2 kg per mu, and the application amount of biochar is 1 t per mu, the tomato grows well under the condition, the quality is better, and the root-knot nematode disease has better control effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of tomato root-knot nematode prevention and treatment, in particular to application of a microbial agent and biochar in prevention and treatment of tomato root-knot nematode diseases. BACKGROUND

[0002] Root-knot nematode is a common soil-borne disease in facility vegetable field planting, has a wide range of incidence, great harm and poor control effect. The yield loss of tomatoes in China due to root-knot nematode diseases is 20%-30% per year. At present, the prevention and treatment of facility tomato root-knot nematode mainly adopts chemical pesticide control, intercropping leguminous crops, straw returning, selection of disease-resistant varieties or soil strong reducing agent, and many breakthroughs have been made in the prevention and treatment of root-knot nematode diseases. However, due to the limitations of the farming system and social and economic development, it is impossible to fundamentally control the harm of soil-borne pathogens, the prevention effect is limited, and the effect is very small. Chemical control measures such as large-scale irrigation of pesticides and drug fumigation have a quick effect, but they will cause environmental pollution, pesticide residues in soil and agricultural products, and threaten human health. Therefore, finding a suitable method for preventing and treating root-knot nematode is the premise for the sustainable and high-quality development of facility agriculture.

[0003] Biochar is a substance produced under anaerobic or low-oxygen conditions through high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization, which has the functions of improving and adjusting soil pH, increasing soil nutrients, enhancing soil water and fertilizer retention, and improving microbial community abundance and diversity. Studies have shown that the application of biochar not only improves the soil and improves the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, but also increases the leaf area index of crops, improves the chlorophyll content, promotes photosynthesis, delays plant senescence, promotes growth, improves yield and quality. Previous studies on the effects of biochar application on soil nematodes have shown that with the increase of biochar addition amount, the proportion of bacterivorous nematodes and fungivorous nematodes increases, and the proportion of plant parasitic nematodes decreases with the increase of biochar dosage.

[0004] The microbial agent contains a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, which is used for preventing and treating diseases caused by harmful fungi, bacteria and viruses, can improve the biological characteristics of soil, maintain the balance of soil microbial flora, thereby improving the stress resistance of crops and promoting the growth of crops. Paecilomyces lilacinus is an antagonistic fungus that feeds on nematodes and parasitizes nematodes, can parasitize eggs, female insects and cysts of plant nematodes, and has good control effect on root-knot nematodes, cyst nematodes and other plant parasitic nematodes.

[0005] However, it has not been found whether the microbial agent and the biochar have an interaction in the prevention and treatment of tomato root-knot nematode diseases, so the combination of the microbial agent and the biochar and the improvement of the prevention and treatment effect of tomato root-knot nematode are technical problems to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the application provides application of microbial inoculants and biochar in prevention and treatment of tomato root-knot nematode disease.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] The application provides application of microbial inoculants and biochar in prevention and treatment of tomato root-knot nematode disease.

[0009] Preferably, the microbial inoculants are Paecilomyces lilacinum inoculants.

[0010] Preferably, the application amount ratio of the microbial inoculants and the biochar is 1:500 per mu.

[0011] Preferably, the application amount of the Paecilomyces lilacinum inoculants is 2 kg per mu, and the application amount of the biochar is 1 t per mu.

[0012] Preferably, the microbial inoculants and the biochar are used in combination to improve photosynthesis of tomatoes, promote growth of the tomatoes, and improve yield of the tomatoes.

[0013] The application provides a fertilizer preparation, which comprises microbial inoculants and biochar, and the mass ratio is 1:500.

[0014] The application provides a method for preventing and treating tomato root-knot nematodes and improving tomato yield, characterized in that, before planting tomatoes, biochar is applied as base fertilizer at one time, and the application amount is 1 t per mu; after planting the tomatoes, Paecilomyces lilacinum inoculants are applied in the form of drip irrigation, and the application is started from the tomato seedling stage, and the application amount is 400 g, which is applied in 5 times with an interval of 20 days.

[0015] In summary, the application achieves the following technical effects: In the early stage, the present applicant adopts field tests, sets up single-factor completely random block tests (Example 1) and two-factor (Paecilomyces lilacinum and biochar) three-level completely random block tests (Example 2), and analyzes the influence of different treatments on tomato growth, yield and quality, photosynthetic characteristics and root-knot nematode indexes. The test results of Example 1 show that the influence of the combination of the microbial inoculants and the biochar on the tomato growth, yield and quality, photosynthetic characteristics and root-knot nematode indexes is better than that of the single application of the microbial inoculants and the single application of the biochar. The test results of Example 2 show that the optimal combination is that the application amount of the Paecilomyces lilacinum is 2 kg per mu, and the application amount of the biochar is 1 t per mu. Under this condition, the tomato growth is facilitated, the quality is better, and the root-knot nematode disease has a better control effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0017] Materials and methods used in the embodiments

[0018] 1) Test field overview

[0019] The test was conducted in a greenhouse in Wuwei City, Gansu Hexi Region, which was continuously planted with tomatoes and had a heavy incidence of root-knot nematodes from April to October 2023. The test area has an elevation of 1510m, an average annual temperature of 7.8℃, and irrigation mainly relies on underground water. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil in the greenhouse are as follows: pH value 8.04, organic matter 18.5g / kg, total nitrogen 0.73g / kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 90mg / kg, available phosphorus 32.13mg / kg, and available potassium 105mg / kg.

[0020] 2) Test materials

[0021] The test crop was tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and the variety was the local main variety "Jinbao 1848", which was provided by Wuwei Baili Seedling Co., Ltd. The microbial inoculant (Purpureococcus azoreus) was purchased from Henan Wobao Biological Technology Co., Ltd., with an effective viable count of ≥5 billion / g. The test biochar was corn straw charcoal, provided by Henan Lizze Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. The main properties of the biochar were as follows: carbon content 42.21%, total nitrogen content 5.31g / kg, total potassium content 11.22g / kg, total phosphorus content 2.35g / kg, carbon-nitrogen ratio 61.33%, pH value 8.77, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 124.33mg / kg, available phosphorus content 64.22mg / kg, and available potassium content 124mg / kg. The application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in all treatments were the same. The test nitrogen fertilizer was urea (N 46.0%), with a dosage of 14-16kg / acre. One-third of the nitrogen fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer, and two-thirds were applied in two equal portions during the growth period. The phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were superphosphate (P2O5 16%) and potassium sulfate (K2O 24%), respectively. The phosphorus fertilizer was applied at a dosage of 11-13kg / acre, and the potassium fertilizer was applied at a dosage of 15-17kg / acre, both as base fertilizer.

[0022] 3) Measurement indicators and methods

[0023] (1) Measurement of tomato growth indicators

[0024] Each treatment selects 3 tomato plants with consistent growth, and the plant height is measured as the distance from the root to the top of the main stem with a tape measure. The stem diameter is measured at 3 cm above the stem base with a vernier caliper (DWKC-2038, Hangzhou Delixi), and the length and width of the 3rd leaf from the growth point are measured. The leaf area is calculated.

[0025] (2) Measurement of photosynthetic characteristics of tomato

[0026] During the fruiting stage of tomato, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and stomatal conductance of tomato leaves are measured with a portable photosynthesis instrument (LI-6400XT, USA) from 9:00 to 10:30 in the morning on sunny days. Each treatment is repeated 3 times. The relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of the 3rd leaf from the growth point is measured with a hand-held chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502Plus, Japan). Each leaf is measured 3 times, and the average value is taken.

[0027] (3) Measurement of yield and quality of tomato

[0028] The yield of each treatment is recorded at each harvest, and the total yield is calculated. The middle part of the tomato plant is taken for the determination of soluble sugar and vitamin C quality indicators. The soluble sugar is determined by the sulfuric acid-anthrone colorimetric method, and the vitamin C content is determined by the molybdenum blue colorimetric method.

[0029] (4) Measurement of root knot number and nematode count

[0030] At the mature stage, the tomato root system is separated from the soil, washed clean with water, and the number of root knots is counted with a counter.

[0031] 50 g of fresh soil sample is taken, treated overnight with the improved Baumann funnel method, and the second instar larvae of root knot nematodes are collected. The number of root knot nematodes is observed and counted under a microscope.

[0032] (5) Measurement of the number of nematode egg masses in the root system

[0033] The clear water at the root is gently absorbed with absorbent paper, weighed 1 g of fresh weight, then cut into small pieces of 5 mm with scissors, placed in a beaker, added with 1% NaClO solution, and shaken at 150 r / min for 5 min. The number of root knot nematode eggs is counted under a microscope.

[0034] Example 1 combined use test

[0035] A field test is carried out, and 4 treatments are set as follows:

[0036] CK (control): no microbial inoculant and no biochar;

[0037] T1: single application of microbial inoculant;

[0038] T2: single application of biochar;

[0039] T3: microbial inoculant + biochar.

[0040] A completely randomized block design was used, with 3 replicates for each treatment, and the mean value was taken. The application method was as follows: biochar was applied as a basal fertilizer before tomato planting (if no biochar was applied, this process was omitted), and the application amount was 0.5 t / acre; after tomato planting, the Paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant was dripped into the water in the form of drip irrigation, starting from the tomato seedling stage, dripping once every 20 days, with an application amount of 200 g each time, and dripping 5 times (if no microbial inoculant was applied, this process was omitted); the management method during the tomato growth period was the conventional method.

[0041] The growth indicators and photosynthetic characteristics were determined during the fruiting stage of tomatoes, and the yield and root knot number and nematode number were determined at the mature stage. See Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4.

[0042] Table 1 Effect of the combination of the two on growth

[0043] Treatment Plant height (cm) Stem diameter (mm) Leaf area (cm 2 )]]> CK 150.5 13.15 13.25 T1 158.4 13.72 14.13 T2 166.3 14.12 14.22 T3 170.1 14.77 14.79

[0044] Table 2 Effect of the combination of the two on photosynthetic characteristics

[0045]

[0046] Table 3 Effect of the combination of the two on yield and quality

[0047] Treatment Yield (t / acre) Soluble sugar (%) Vitamin C (mg / kg) CK 3.01 3.35 78.12 T1 3.34 4.06 83.33 T2 3.56 4.30 84.51 T3 4.21 4.97 90.08

[0048] Table 4 Effect of the combination of the two on root knot nematodes

[0049] Treatment Root nodule number (individual) Soil nematode number (individual) Egg number (individual) CK 678 798 4239 T1 445 345 2964 T2 504 467 3432 T3 334 281 2067

[0050] Through the above data, it is shown that under the T3 treatment (the amount of microbial inoculant is 1 kg / acre, and the amount of biochar is 0.5 t / acre), the growth of tomatoes is promoted, the photosynthetic characteristics and yield quality are improved, and the root knot number and nematode number are reduced.

[0051] Example 2 Optimization screening test

[0052] A field experiment was carried out, and a two-factor complete block experiment design was used. The microbial inoculant was set at three levels, i.e., W1 (0.5 kg / mu), W2 (1 kg / mu), and W3 (2 kg / mu), the biochar was set at three levels, i.e., C1 (0.5 t / mu), C2 (1 t / mu), and C3 (2 t / mu), each treatment was set with three repetitions, and the average value was taken. The application method was the same as that in Example 1. The growth index and photosynthetic characteristics of tomatoes were determined at the fruiting stage, and the yield and the number of root nodules and nematodes were determined at the mature stage. The results are shown in Tables 5, 6, 7, and 8.

[0053] Table 5: Effect of the combination of the two on growth

[0054] Treatment Plant height (cm) Stem diameter (mm) Leaf area (cm 2 )]]> W1C1 162.6 14.13 14.25 W1C2 163.4 14.26 14.33 W1C3 168.3 14.44 14.56 W2C1 170.1 14.08 14.79 W2C2 173.3 14.35 14.90 W2C3 174.2 14.67 15.11 W3C1 176.4 14.09 15.43 W3C2 183.6 14.92 15.99 W3C3 175.1 14.33 15.23

[0055] Table 6: Effect of the combination of the two on photosynthetic characteristics

[0056]

[0057] Table 7: Effect of the combination of the two on yield and quality

[0058] Treatment Yield (t / acre) Soluble sugar (%) Vitamin C (mg / kg) W1C1 3.61 4.45 85.34 W1C2 3.76 4.56 86.90 W1C3 4.11 4.63 87.58 W2C1 4.21 4.97 90.08 W2C2 4.30 5.06 90.45 W2C3 4.41 5.25 91.34 W3C1 4.46 5.47 90.67 W3C2 4.69 6.02 94.35 W3C3 4.54 5.35 90.83

[0059] Table 8: Effect of the combination of the two on root nodules and nematodes

[0060] Treatment Root nodule number (individual) Soil nematode number (individual) Egg number (individual) W1C1 388 287 2239 W1C2 365 279 2112 W1C3 356 266 2132 W2C1 334 281 2067 W2C2 303 203 1974 W2C3 279 186 1876 W3C1 246 167 1634 W3C2 221 144 1543 W3C3 241 159 1645

[0061] The above data show that, under the treatment of W3C2 (microbial inoculant 2 kg / mu, biochar 1 t / mu), the growth index, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield and quality of tomatoes are optimal, the number of root nodules and nematodes can be effectively reduced, and it is the best application scheme for tomatoes.

[0062] The embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0063] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. Application of microbial inoculants and biochar in improving yield of tomato; The microbial inoculants are Streptomyces violaceusniger inoculants; The application amount ratio of the microbial inoculants and biochar per mu is 1:500; The application amount of the Streptomyces violaceusniger inoculants is 2 kg per mu, and the application amount of the biochar is 1 t per mu; The specific use method is as follows: before the tomato is planted, the biochar is applied as a base fertilizer at one time, and the application amount is 1 t per mu; after the tomato is planted, the Streptomyces violaceusniger inoculants are dripped into water in a drip irrigation mode, and the application is started from the tomato seedling stage, and the dripping is once every 20 d, and the application amount is 400 g each time, which is dripped for 5 times.

Images