A method for accelerating the degradation of straw in the composting process

Abstract

The application discloses a method for accelerating straw degradation in a composting process, and belongs to the technical field of composting degradation. In order to solve the problem that straw degradation is slow in the composting process, the method comprises technical problems such as difficulty in degrading cellulose and semi-cellulose and complexity of a process. The method for accelerating straw degradation in the composting process comprises the following steps: adding methylcobalamin in a fermentation reaction in the composting process. The method realizes efficient and green utilization of straw, improves an ecological environment, and promotes environmental pollution treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of composting degradation technology, specifically relating to a method for accelerating the degradation of straw during the composting process. Background Technology

[0002] As a major agricultural country, China possesses vast straw resources and is vigorously promoting the comprehensive utilization of straw to enhance the quality and efficiency of the straw utilization industry. Aerobic composting is a common method for the resource-based treatment of straw, and its products can be used as fertilizer, helping to increase soil organic matter content and crop yield, thereby achieving the effective reuse of biomass resources. However, the decomposition rate of straw during composting is relatively slow, mainly due to its unique chemical composition and structural characteristics. Straw is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and small amounts of other substances. Cellulose, as a large polysaccharide, can theoretically be rapidly degraded into monosaccharides by enzymes such as cellulase, cellulase, and β-glucosidase secreted by microorganisms, and then further metabolized and utilized. However, the cellulose and hemicellulose in straw are tightly bound together to form a complex network structure, resulting in slow straw degradation. Currently, enzymes such as carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, β-glucosidase, and filter paper enzyme have been found to have the ability to degrade cellulose, while enzymes such as xylanase, galactosidase, and arabinosidase have the ability to degrade hemicellulose. Therefore, the degradation of straw requires the rapid synergistic action of multiple enzymes. This cannot be accomplished by a single microorganism alone; multiple microorganisms need to cooperate to achieve rapid degradation of straw. The process is relatively complex, and the selection of different enzymes or microorganisms and their amounts is also very complicated. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem of slow straw degradation during composting, and the technical problems of difficult and complex degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose.

[0004] This invention provides a method for accelerating the degradation of straw during composting, by adding methylcobalamin to the composting process for fermentation.

[0005] Furthermore, the amount of methylcobalamin added is specified to be 0.01%-0.1% of the mass of the compost material.

[0006] Furthermore, the compost material is corn stalks, which are commonly found in farmland and are difficult to degrade.

[0007] To be further defined, straw consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, crude ash, and water.

[0008] To further specify, the composting method involves selecting corn stalks for aerobic composting, using chicken manure as a nitrogen source, and adjusting the C / N ratio for fermentation.

[0009] To further specify, before fermentation begins, the initial C / N ratio of the compost should be adjusted to 25, and the moisture content should be controlled at 60%.

[0010] Further restrictions were placed on the aeration rate of 0.5 L / min for the fermentation reaction and the aeration time of 6 hours.

[0011] Furthermore, the composting period is limited to 60 days.

[0012] To further define the criteria for stopping composting, the composting process is stopped when the germination index exceeds 80% and the compost product is fully decomposed.

[0013] This invention provides an application of the above-described method in the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose.

[0014] Beneficial effects: This invention accelerates straw degradation by adding exogenous methylcobalamin, significantly improves the conversion efficiency of recalcitrant agricultural waste straw, helps to achieve efficient and green utilization of straw, improves the ecological environment, promotes environmental pollution control, and simplifies the composting degradation process. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 The cellulose content (%) in the control group and the compost sample with added 0.01% methylcobalamin;

[0016] Figure 2 The content (%) of hemicellulose in the control group and the compost sample with added concentration of 0.01% methylcobalamin;

[0017] Figure 3 The cellulose content (%) in the control group and the compost sample with added 0.1% methylcobalamin;

[0018] Figure 4 The percentage of hemicellulose in the control group and the compost sample with added 0.1% methylcobalamin. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The brand of mecobalamin is McLean M812748.

[0020] Example 1: Application of 0.01% methylcobalamin in the aerobic composting process of straw

[0021] This experiment selected two types of organic solid waste, straw and chicken manure, to investigate the ability of methylcobalamin to accelerate the degradation of straw during the straw composting process.

[0022] The composting experiment used chicken manure waste and corn stalks as raw materials, which were taken from the College of Animal Science of Northeast Agricultural University and the farm of Northeast Agricultural University, respectively.

[0023] Cut the straw to 3-5cm and set aside; air-dry the fresh chicken manure naturally, removing hair and other impurities, and use it as a nitrogen source; purchase methylcobalamin and dissolve it in a spray bottle for later use.

[0024] 1. Take straw and use chicken manure to adjust the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of the compost material, that is, the ratio of organic carbon content (%) to total nitrogen content (%) is 25. Adjust the initial moisture content to 60% and maintain this moisture content throughout the composting process.

[0025] The experiment consisted of two treatment groups: one group received normal straw compost, and the other group received straw compost plus 0.01% methylcobalamin. Each treatment was performed in quadruplicate.

[0026] 2. Spray the dissolved mecobalamin evenly onto the surface of the straw and chicken manure in the experimental group of step one, mix them evenly, and place the mixed material into a fermentation bottle.

[0027] 3. Ventilate for 6 hours a day during the composting process, and turn the compost pile regularly to replenish moisture.

[0028] IV. After 60 days of composting, the cellulose and hemicellulose content of the initial and 60-day samples was determined.

[0029] The experimental results are shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 This example demonstrates that adding 0.01% methylcobalamin during corn straw composting can significantly accelerate the degradation rate of cellulose and hemicellulose in corn straw. After 60 days of composting, the cellulose degradation rate in the control group was 19.23%, while the cellulose degradation rate in the 0.01% methylcobalamin treatment group was 46.53%, an increase of 142.0%. The hemicellulose degradation rate in the control group was 37.13%, while the hemicellulose degradation rate in the 0.01% methylcobalamin treatment group was 49.73%, an increase of 33.93%. Therefore, adding 0.01% methylcobalamin during straw composting can significantly promote the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, thereby accelerating the straw degradation rate.

[0030] The formula for degradation rate is: (cellulose or hemicellulose content at 0 days - cellulose or hemicellulose content at 60 days) / cellulose or hemicellulose content at 0 days.

[0031] Example 2: Application of 0.1% methylcobalamin in the aerobic composting process of straw

[0032] This experiment selected two types of organic solid waste, straw and chicken manure, to investigate the ability of methylcobalamin to accelerate the degradation of straw during the straw composting process.

[0033] The composting experiment used chicken manure waste and corn stalks as raw materials, which were taken from the College of Animal Science and the farm of Northeast Agricultural University.

[0034] Cut the straw to 3-5cm and set aside; air-dry the fresh chicken manure naturally, removing hair and other impurities, and use it as a nitrogen source; purchase methylcobalamin and dissolve it in a spray bottle for later use.

[0035] 1. Take 1.2 kg of straw and use chicken manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of the initial composting material so that the ratio of organic carbon content (%) to total nitrogen content (%) is 25. Adjust the initial moisture content to 60% and maintain this moisture content throughout the composting process.

[0036] The experiment consisted of two treatment groups: one group received normal straw compost, and the other group received straw compost plus 0.1% methylcobalamin. Each treatment was performed in quadruplicate.

[0037] 2. Spray the dissolved mecobalamin evenly onto the surface of the straw and chicken manure in the experimental group of step one, mix them evenly, and place the mixed material into a fermentation bottle.

[0038] 3. Ventilate for 6 hours a day during the composting process, and turn the compost pile regularly to replenish moisture.

[0039] IV. After 60 days of composting, the cellulose and hemicellulose content of the initial and 60-day samples was determined.

[0040] The experimental results are shown in Figure 3 , Figure 4 This example demonstrates that adding 0.1% methylcobalamin during corn straw composting can significantly accelerate the cellulose degradation rate of corn straw. After 60 days of composting, the cellulose degradation rate in the control group was 19.23%, while the cellulose degradation rate in the 0.01% methylcobalamin treatment group was 28.59%, an increase of 48.67%. The hemicellulose degradation rate in the control group was 37.13%, while the hemicellulose degradation rate in the 0.01% methylcobalamin treatment group was 41.44%, an increase of 11.52%. Therefore, adding 0.1% methylcobalamin during straw composting can also promote cellulose and hemicellulose degradation; however, compared to a 0.01% addition, adding a lower concentration of methylcobalamin results in a higher straw degradation rate.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating the degradation of straw during composting, characterized in that, Methylcobalamin is added during the composting process to carry out the fermentation reaction; the amount of methylcobalamin added accounts for 0.01%-0.1% of the mass of the compost material; the compost material is corn stalks from farmland; the composting method is to select corn stalks for aerobic composting, use chicken manure as a nitrogen source, adjust the C / N ratio for fermentation, and adjust the initial C / N ratio of the compost to 25 before fermentation begins, and control the moisture content at 60%.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Straw is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, crude ash and water.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aeration rate for the fermentation reaction was maintained at 0.5 L / min for 6 hours.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composting period is 60 days.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The criteria for stopping composting are: when the germination index exceeds 80%, the compost product is fully decomposed, and composting is stopped.

6. The use of the method according to any one of claims 1-5 in the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose.

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