External transaction monitoring system and method for gas field gathering and transportation pipeline

Abstract

The invention discloses an external transaction monitoring system and method for a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline, and the system comprises a signal receiving device which constructs a plurality of point locations in an area where a to-be-monitored gathering and transportation pipeline is located, and each point location is used for receiving a first microseismic signal in real time, the first micro-seismic signal of each point location is obtained after a second micro-seismic signal emitted by a target source is propagated in an area where the to-be-monitored gathering and transportation pipeline is located; the transaction type identification device is used for extracting signal characteristic parameters of the continuous micro-seismic signals of each point location in a specified time period so as to determine the transaction type; and the transaction area identification device is used for determining one or more effective point locations which actually receive the second micro-seismic signals and position distribution of the effective point locations according to the first micro-seismic signals of the plurality of point locations so as to determine a current transaction area. According to the invention, real-time monitoring, early warning and positioning of the external abnormal movement state of the gas field gathering and transportation pipeline are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of natural gas gathering and transportation pipeline safety monitoring, and in particular relates to an external abnormal movement monitoring system and method for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the national economy and the continuous optimization of the energy structure, natural gas, as a clean and environmentally friendly high-quality energy, has gradually occupied an important position in the energy structure. At the same time, natural gas consumption has also shown a trend of continuous and substantial increase. In order to ensure the supply of natural gas, my country has continued to increase its efforts in natural gas exploration and development in recent years, and has gradually developed natural gas blocks with high hydrogen sulfide content. With the continuous expansion of the scale of my country's natural gas pipeline network, gas field gathering and transportation pipelines, natural gas long-distance pipelines and urban natural gas pipelines have jointly formed a "trunk interconnection and local network" pattern, with a total mileage of more than 1 million kilometers. Among them, although the proportion of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines is relatively small, their complex external environment and harsh internal working conditions have led to natural gas leakage accidents in gas field gathering and transportation pipelines from time to time. If they are not discovered and properly handled in time, they are very likely to cause fires or explosions, and the safety production of enterprises and people's lives and property are facing great threats.

[0003] First, the prior art provides an intrusion monitoring device and monitoring system for outdoor oil and gas pipelines. The laser generating device sends an optical signal to the optical fiber, and transmits it to the photoelectric conversion device through an optical coupler. The photoelectric conversion device converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and sends it to the acquisition board. The acquisition board transmits the acquired signal to the main control board. The main control board identifies the signal and determines whether the monitored oil and gas pipeline is vibrated or damaged, thereby realizing the monitoring of the pipeline status. Secondly, the prior art also proposes a method for identifying destructive events in a pipeline optical fiber vibration safety warning system. This method uses optical fiber to obtain real-time signals of soil vibration around the pipeline. After analyzing and processing the signal, a classification algorithm is used to train a model for identifying pipeline damage events based on this feature and the corresponding event, and the measured signal is classified and identified on this basis. This method has the advantages of high recognition accuracy, can overcome distortion, and has a fast recognition speed. In addition, the prior art also provides a method, system and software storage for oil and gas pipeline safety monitoring based on drone patrol, which includes: S1, obtaining multi-source data generated by drone oil and gas pipeline safety monitoring; S2, identifying risks for single-phase images based on the feature library obtained by historical risk feature training; for multi-phase images, using a saturation-based change monitoring method to identify risks and identify change areas between different phases; calculating and combining the results of single-phase and multi-phase risk identification to obtain high-precision risk identification results; S3, reproducing the drone inspection process of oil and gas pipelines in a three-dimensional platform; S4, conducting route planning and pipeline flooding space analysis for drone inspection; S5, outputting pipeline hidden danger reports, including risk identification reports and spatial analysis reports, and assisting decision-making based on pipeline hidden danger reports. This safety monitoring method effectively reduces the cost of oil and gas pipeline safety management, improves safety monitoring efficiency, and improves the level of pipeline network operation and maintenance management.

[0004] According to statistics, in addition to corrosion perforation caused by internal transmission media and fracture failure caused by geological disasters such as landslides and ground subsidence, a large part of the fracture failure of natural gas pipelines is caused by external abnormalities (human intrusion). In particular, the terrain of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines is remote, and inspection and monitoring are difficult, so drilling and stealing gas often occur, which not only causes economic losses but also poses great safety hazards. In addition, in the process of realizing the present invention, the inventor found that based on the monitoring method for gathering and transportation pipelines provided by the prior art, the field of gas field gathering and transportation pipeline safety monitoring mainly focuses on regular monitoring of pipeline body defects and pipeline leakage monitoring, which respectively have the problems of poor real-time performance and can only alarm after an accident occurs, and cannot effectively monitor and warn of safety hazards caused by external abnormalities. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the technology that can monitor, warn and locate external abnormalities of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides an external abnormal movement monitoring system for a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline, comprising: a signal receiving device, which constructs a plurality of points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, each point is used to receive a first microseismic signal in real time, and the first microseismic signal of each point is obtained after the second microseismic signal emitted by the target source propagates in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located; an abnormal movement type identification device, which is used to extract signal characteristic parameters of the continuous microseismic signal of each point in a specified time period, so as to determine the abnormal movement type; an abnormal movement area identification device, which is used to determine one or more valid points and their position distribution that actually receive the second microseismic signal based on the first microseismic signals of the plurality of points, so as to determine the current abnormal movement area.

[0006] Preferably, the multiple points are constructed as two groups of points, and the two groups of points are respectively distributed on both sides of the axis of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored and parallel to the axis. The first group of points has several points, and the second group of points has several points, wherein each point in the first group of points is staggered with each point in the second group of points, so that adjacent points in the first group of points and designated points in the second group of points on the opposite side form an isosceles triangle, wherein the distance between each point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is determined according to the optimal monitoring distance of each point.

[0007] Preferably, the optimal monitoring distance includes: the optimal mechanical excavation monitoring distance, the optimal vehicle driving monitoring distance, the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance and the optimal personnel walking monitoring distance, wherein the optimal mechanical excavation monitoring distance / the optimal vehicle driving monitoring distance / the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance / the optimal personnel walking monitoring distance are obtained by performing mechanical excavation test / vehicle driving test / manual excavation test / personnel walking test using a microseismic sensor arranged at any point in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located.

[0008] Preferably, the signal receiving device includes: a plurality of microseismic sensors respectively arranged at different points, and the microseismic sensors adopt three-component microseismic sensors that meet specific technical parameter conditions, wherein the specific technical parameter conditions include but are not limited to: a frequency bandwidth of 1 to 240 Hz; a GNSS timing accuracy of + / -10μs; a gain accuracy of 0.1%; and a sampling interval less than or equal to 4ms.

[0009] Preferably, the abnormal movement type identification device includes: a signal analysis unit, which is used to extract the signal frequency and signal strength in the continuous microseismic signal of each point as the signal characteristic parameters to obtain the signal frequency change characteristics and signal strength change characteristics of each continuous microseismic signal; an abnormal movement type generation unit, which is used to determine the current abnormal movement type according to the signal frequency change characteristics and the signal strength change characteristics, wherein if the signal frequency remains unchanged and the signal strength gradually increases, the current abnormal movement type is determined to be vehicle driving or personnel walking, or if the signal frequency and signal strength both remain unchanged, the current abnormal movement type is determined to be mechanical excavation or manual excavation.

[0010] Preferably, the abnormal movement area identification device includes: an abnormal movement area division unit, which is used to plan multiple groups of point combinations with different number and positions of points capable of receiving the second microseismic signal, and match the abnormal movement area for each group of point combinations; an abnormal movement area generation unit, which is used to identify the number and positions of valid points that receive the second microseismic signal in real time based on the first microseismic signal of each point, determine the corresponding point combination and retrieve the abnormal movement area matching the current point combination as the current abnormal movement area.

[0011] Preferably, the external abnormal movement monitoring system further comprises: an abnormal movement tracking device, which is used to collect the determined abnormal movement area in real time, and determine the moving path of the abnormal movement area according to the generation time of the abnormal movement area, so as to track the abnormal movement situation.

[0012] Preferably, the abnormal area identification device is also used to draw a perpendicular line from any point that actually receives the second microseismic signal to the monitored gathering and transportation pipeline, and use the foot of the perpendicular as the coordinate origin, and then use the distance between each valid point and the abnormal area, and the time difference between any two valid points receiving the microseismic signal, combined with the propagation distance of the second microseismic signal in the area where the current monitoring gathering and transportation pipeline is located, to calculate the coordinates of the current abnormal area, so as to accurately locate the current abnormal area.

[0013] Preferably, the abnormal movement area identification device includes: a propagation velocity calculation unit, which is used to arrange microseismic sensors at any two points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located to receive the first microseismic signal of the experimental target source, and use the signal reception time difference between each microseismic sensor and the distance between the experimental target source and each microseismic sensor to calculate the propagation velocity of the microseismic signal in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is currently located, so as to obtain the propagation distance of the second microseismic signal in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is currently located.

[0014] Preferably, the propagation velocity calculation unit is further used to calculate the difference in distance between the experimental target source and the microseismic sensors at any two points, and use the ratio of the distance difference to the signal reception time difference as the propagation velocity.

[0015] In addition, the present invention also proposes a method for monitoring external abnormal movements of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines, the external abnormal movement monitoring method uses the external abnormal movement monitoring system described in the present invention to realize the monitoring of external abnormal movements, and the external abnormal movement monitoring method includes: using a signal receiving device to construct multiple points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, so that each point can receive a first microseismic signal in real time, wherein the first microseismic signal of each point is obtained after the second microseismic signal emitted by the target source propagates in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located; extracting the signal characteristic parameters of the continuous microseismic signal of each point in a specified time period through an abnormal movement type identification device, thereby determining the abnormal movement type; the abnormal movement area identification device determines one or more valid points and their position distribution that actually receive the second microseismic signal based on the first microseismic signals of the multiple points, thereby determining the current abnormal movement area.

[0016] Preferably, in the step of determining the current abnormal area by the abnormal area identification device for determining one or more valid points that actually receive the second microseismic signal and their position distribution based on the first microseismic signals of the multiple points, the abnormal area identification device includes: when the number of points that actually receive the second microseismic signal is greater than or equal to 3, the abnormal area identification device draws a perpendicular line from any point that actually receives the second microseismic signal to the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, and takes the foot of the perpendicular as the coordinate origin, and then uses the distance between each valid point and the abnormal area, and the time difference between any two valid points receiving the microseismic signal, combined with the propagation distance of the second microseismic signal in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, to calculate the coordinates of the current abnormal area, thereby accurately locating the current abnormal area.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the above scheme may have the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention proposes a system and method for monitoring external abnormal movements of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines. The signal receiving device of the system constructs multiple points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and collects microseismic signals related to abnormal activities (for example: mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel walking) through each point; the abnormal movement type identification device determines the abnormal movement type according to the characteristic parameters of the microseismic signal; the abnormal movement area identification device determines the current abnormal movement area according to the effective points and position distribution of the microseismic signals actually collected. The present invention proposes a reasonable and effective method for monitoring, warning and locating external abnormal movements of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines based on microseismic signals, which effectively expands the monitoring range of external abnormal movements of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines, and can identify the abnormal movement type and locate the abnormal movement position.

[0019] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an external abnormal movement monitoring system for a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of microseismic signal propagation of an external abnormal movement monitoring system for a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of propagation velocity test of an external abnormality monitoring system for a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an optimal monitoring distance test for an external abnormal movement monitoring system for a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the point layout in a flat area of ​​the external abnormal movement monitoring system for a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the personnel movement monitoring zones of the external abnormal movement monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines in an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the point combination and matching abnormality occurrence area of ​​the external abnormality monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipeline in an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-point precise positioning of the external abnormal movement monitoring system for the gas field gathering and transportation pipeline according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the point layout of the external abnormal movement monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines in an embodiment of the present application in a complex terrain area.

[0030] Fig.10 This is a step diagram of a method for monitoring external abnormalities of a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will describe the implementation methods of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that the implementation process of how the present invention applies technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. It should be noted that as long as there is no conflict, the various embodiments of the present invention and the various features in the embodiments can be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] In addition, the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in an order different from that shown here.

[0033] With the continuous development of the national economy and the continuous optimization of the energy structure, natural gas, as a clean and environmentally friendly high-quality energy, has gradually occupied an important position in the energy structure. At the same time, natural gas consumption has also shown a trend of continuous and substantial increase. In order to ensure the supply of natural gas, my country has continued to increase its efforts in natural gas exploration and development in recent years, and has gradually developed natural gas blocks with high hydrogen sulfide content. With the continuous expansion of the scale of my country's natural gas pipeline network, gas field gathering and transportation pipelines, natural gas long-distance pipelines and urban natural gas pipelines have jointly formed a "trunk interconnection and local network" pattern, with a total mileage of more than 1 million kilometers. Among them, although the proportion of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines is relatively small, their complex external environment and harsh internal working conditions have led to natural gas leakage accidents in gas field gathering and transportation pipelines from time to time. If they are not discovered and properly handled in time, they are very likely to cause fires or explosions, and the safety production of enterprises and people's lives and property are facing great threats.

[0034] First, the prior art provides an intrusion monitoring device and monitoring system for outdoor oil and gas pipelines. The laser generating device sends an optical signal to the optical fiber, and transmits it to the photoelectric conversion device through an optical coupler. The photoelectric conversion device converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and sends it to the acquisition board. The acquisition board transmits the acquired signal to the main control board. The main control board identifies the signal and determines whether the monitored oil and gas pipeline is vibrated or damaged, thereby realizing the monitoring of the pipeline status. Secondly, the prior art also proposes a method for identifying destructive events in a pipeline optical fiber vibration safety warning system. This method uses optical fiber to obtain real-time signals of soil vibration around the pipeline. After analyzing and processing the signal, a classification algorithm is used to train a model for identifying pipeline damage events based on this feature and the corresponding event, and the measured signal is classified and identified on this basis. This method has the advantages of high recognition accuracy, can overcome distortion, and has a fast recognition speed. In addition, the prior art also provides a method, system and software storage for oil and gas pipeline safety monitoring based on drone patrol, which includes: S1, obtaining multi-source data generated by drone oil and gas pipeline safety monitoring; S2, identifying risks for single-phase images based on the feature library obtained by historical risk feature training; for multi-phase images, using a saturation-based change monitoring method to identify risks and identify change areas between different phases; calculating and combining the results of single-phase and multi-phase risk identification to obtain high-precision risk identification results; S3, reproducing the drone inspection process of oil and gas pipelines in a three-dimensional platform; S4, conducting route planning and pipeline flooding space analysis for drone inspection; S5, outputting pipeline hidden danger reports, including risk identification reports and spatial analysis reports, and assisting decision-making based on pipeline hidden danger reports. This safety monitoring method effectively reduces the cost of oil and gas pipeline safety management, improves safety monitoring efficiency, and improves the level of pipeline network operation and maintenance management.

[0035] According to statistics, in addition to corrosion perforation caused by internal transmission media and fracture failure caused by geological disasters such as landslides and ground subsidence, a large part of the fracture failure of natural gas pipelines is caused by external abnormalities (human intrusion). In particular, the terrain of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines is remote, and inspection and monitoring are difficult, so drilling and stealing gas often occur, which not only causes economic losses but also poses great safety hazards. In addition, in the process of realizing the present invention, the inventor found that based on the monitoring method for gathering and transportation pipelines provided by the prior art, the field of gas field gathering and transportation pipeline safety monitoring mainly focuses on regular monitoring of pipeline body defects and pipeline leakage monitoring, which respectively have the problems of poor real-time performance and can only alarm after an accident occurs, and cannot effectively monitor and warn of safety hazards caused by external abnormalities. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the technology that can monitor, warn and locate external abnormalities of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines.

[0036] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a system and method for monitoring external abnormal movements of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines. The signal receiving device of the system constructs multiple points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and collects microseismic signals related to abnormal activities (for example: mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, personnel walking) through each point; the abnormal movement type identification device determines the abnormal movement type according to the characteristic parameters of the microseismic signal; the abnormal movement area identification device determines the current abnormal movement area according to the effective points and their position distribution of the microseismic signals actually collected. The present invention proposes a reasonable and effective method for monitoring, warning and positioning external abnormal movements of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines based on microseismic signals, which effectively expands the monitoring range of external abnormal movements of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines, and can identify the abnormal movement type and locate the abnormal movement position.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the external abnormal movement monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines according to the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 The structure of the external abnormal movement monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines according to the present invention is described in detail.

[0039] The external abnormal movement monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines in this embodiment at least includes: a signal receiving device 11, an abnormal movement type identification device 12 and an abnormal movement area identification device 13. The signal receiving device 11 constructs multiple points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and each point is used to receive the first microseismic signal in real time. The first microseismic signal of each point is obtained after the second microseismic signal emitted by the target source propagates in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located. The abnormal movement type identification device 12 extracts the signal characteristic parameters of the continuous microseismic signal of each point constructed by the signal receiving device 11 in a specified time period, thereby determining the abnormal movement type. The abnormal movement area identification device 13 determines one or more valid points and their position distribution that actually receive the second microseismic signal based on the first microseismic signals of the multiple points constructed by the signal receiving device 11, thereby determining the current abnormal movement area.

[0040] The signal receiving device 11 constructs a plurality of points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and each point is used to receive the first microseismic signal in real time. The first microseismic signal at each point is obtained by propagating the second microseismic signal emitted by the target source in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located. In order to solve the problems that the real-time performance of the natural gas pipeline safety monitoring method in practical applications is poor, and it can alarm for pipeline leakage but cannot monitor and warn surrounding abnormal movements, the present invention realizes real-time monitoring of the external abnormal state of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored based on microseismic signals related to abnormal activities. Specifically, the signal receiving device 11 constructs a plurality of points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and receives microseismic signals related to external abnormal movements (for example: mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel walking) in real time at each point, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the external abnormal state of the gathering and transportation pipeline according to the received microseismic signals. Among them, when an external abnormal movement occurs, the synchronous microseismic signal generated by the abnormal movement is the second microseismic signal emitted by the target source. After the second microseismic signal propagates in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline is located, it is received by the corresponding point. The microseismic signal received by the corresponding point is the first microseismic signal.

[0041] Any signal will attenuate in the propagation medium as the propagation time increases during the propagation process. my country's natural gas is widely distributed in many areas with complex terrain and external environment, such as Sichuan and Chongqing, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Songliao Plain. The buried layers of the gathering and transportation pipelines in different regions include various forms such as loose soil layers and dense sandy soil layers, and the corresponding microseismic signal propagation speed and propagation distance are different. Therefore, before the signal receiving device 11 constructs multiple points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, it is necessary to clarify the optimal monitoring range of the selected microseismic sensor in different areas. Therefore, this embodiment first determines the surface characteristics of the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and then obtains the optimal monitoring distance of the microseismic sensor under the current surface characteristics. At the same time, there are many safety hazards in the natural gas distribution area, such as vehicle crushing, mechanical / manual excavation, and gas theft by drilling. Among them, the types of external abnormal movements caused by human factors mainly include four types: mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel walking. Different types of external abnormal movements will interact with the ground surface to produce vibrations of different frequencies, frequencies, and amplitudes to form a second microseismic signal. The second microseismic signal propagates to a distance, so that the signal receiving device 11 receives the first microseismic signal (that is, the actual second microseismic signal).

[0042] Furthermore, the optimal monitoring distance of the present invention includes the optimal mechanical excavation monitoring distance, the optimal vehicle driving monitoring distance, the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance and the optimal personnel walking monitoring distance, wherein the optimal mechanical excavation monitoring distance / the optimal vehicle driving monitoring distance / the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance / the optimal personnel walking monitoring distance are obtained by conducting mechanical excavation test / vehicle driving test / manual excavation test / personnel walking test using a microseismic sensor arranged at any point in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located.

[0043] Specifically, in this embodiment, a microseismic sensor for testing the optimal monitoring distance (the same as the one actually used to receive microseismic signals) is buried under the surface at a first specified burial depth at any location in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located. Afterwards, multiple test distances are set, and corresponding test points are determined according to each test distance, so that the distance between each test point and the microseismic sensor currently used to test the optimal monitoring distance meets the set test distance. Finally, mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and stepping on the spot are performed at each test point to collect the following information: Figure 4 The microseismic signal of the vehicle driving test shown in the upper part, the microseismic signal of the standing still test shown in the middle part, and the microseismic signal of the manual excavation test shown in the lower part ( Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the optimal monitoring distance test for the external abnormal movement monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines in the embodiment of the present application). Among them, when the test microseismic signal is obvious and the waveform is clear, and the moments of standing still, mechanical excavation, vehicle driving and manual excavation can be clearly distinguished, the corresponding test distance is determined to be the optimal mechanical excavation monitoring distance, optimal vehicle driving monitoring distance, optimal manual excavation monitoring distance and optimal personnel walking monitoring distance of the microseismic sensor under such surface conditions as shown in Table 1:

[0044] Table 1 Optimal monitoring distance

[0045]

[0046] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the first designated burial depth is preferably 30 cm, and the test distance is preferably 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, 40 m, 50 m, 60 m, 70 m and 80 m. It should be noted that the present invention does not specifically limit the first designated burial depth and the test distance, and those skilled in the art can set them according to the signal acquisition sensitivity, abnormal movement type, and surface characteristics of the microseismic sensor actually selected for receiving microseismic signals.

[0047] Further, the multiple points described in the present invention are constructed into two groups of points, and the two groups of points are respectively distributed on both sides of the axis of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored and are parallel to the axis. The first group of points has several points, and the second group of points has several points, wherein each point in the first group of points is staggered with each point in the second group of points, so that the adjacent points in the first group of points and the designated points in the second group of points on the opposite side form an isosceles triangle, wherein the distance between each point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is determined according to the optimal monitoring distance of each point. Specifically, based on the above analysis, it can be known that the types of abnormal movement that may exist in the area where the gas field gathering and transportation pipeline is located include punching theft including mechanical excavation and manual excavation, and non-punching theft including vehicle driving and personnel walking. In other words, the abnormal movement caused by theft must be distributed along both sides of the axis of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, so this embodiment constructs multiple points into two groups of points, and makes each group of point combinations with several points distributed on both sides of the axis of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored and parallel to the axis, which effectively ensures the comprehensive monitoring of abnormal movement. At the same time, each point in the first group of points is staggered with each point in the second group of points, so that the adjacent points in the first group of points and the designated points in the second group of points on the opposite side form an isosceles triangle, so as to accurately locate the abnormal area. In other words, a vertical line is drawn from the midpoint between the adjacent points on one side to the axis of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, and the designated points on the other side are located on the vertical line.

[0048] Gas fields are widely distributed in my country. When the main part of the gas field is located in a flat area, the gathering and transportation pipelines must be laid in a flat area. However, flat areas are generally densely populated and have convenient transportation. Therefore, under this condition, the four types of external abnormal movements, mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel movement, are all likely to occur. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the point layout of the external abnormal movement monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines in a flat area according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 On the right, in a specific embodiment of the present application, it is assumed that the optimal monitoring distances for human movement, manual excavation, vehicle driving and mechanical excavation in the target area are a, b, c and d respectively, and a<b<c<d. Accordingly, in this embodiment, the distance between each point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is determined as h (0<h≤0.5a), and the distance between adjacent points on the same side is determined as 2a. Figure 5 The conventional layout method on the left effectively increases the monitoring range on both sides of the gas field gathering and transportation pipeline, enhances the monitoring effect, and effectively improves the reliability of abnormal movement monitoring of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored.

[0049] Furthermore, the signal receiving device 11 includes a plurality of microseismic sensors respectively arranged at different points. In practical applications, the synchronous microseismic signals generated by the four types of abnormal movements, namely mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation and personnel walking, are generally weak and have a low frequency range. After propagation through the stratum, the high-frequency signal is severely attenuated, and the low-frequency signal is relatively retained. Therefore, it is necessary to select a low-frequency microseismic sensor with high sensitivity to meet the acquisition requirements of the target microseismic signal. In an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of microseismic sensors are respectively arranged at different points, and a microseismic sensor is arranged at each point. The microseismic sensor adopts a three-component microseismic sensor, and the three-component microseismic sensor meets the following specific technical parameter conditions, so that the selected three-component microseismic sensor can collect the target microseismic signal. Among them, the specific technical parameter conditions include but are not limited to: the bandwidth is 1 to 240 Hz; the GNSS timing accuracy is + / -10μs; the gain accuracy is 0.1%; and the sampling interval is less than or equal to 4ms.

[0050] According to the working conditions at the actual construction site, the buried depth of the gas field gathering and transportation pipeline is mostly 1.5m (the thickness of the covering soil layer is 1.5m), so the buried depth of the microseismic sensor in this embodiment is preferably 30cm.

[0051] The abnormal movement type identification device 12 of the present invention is used to extract the signal characteristic parameters of the continuous microseismic signal of each point in a specified period of time, so as to determine the abnormal movement type. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of microseismic signal propagation for an external abnormality monitoring system for a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, when a vehicle is driving, a person is walking, or a person is running, the wheels / footsteps interact with the ground surface, which can be regarded as the vibration source point to form a second microseismic signal, and then the second microseismic signal propagates to a distance to form a first microseismic signal received by the signal receiving device 11. Assuming that the speed of the vehicle / person is constant, as the vehicle / person is getting closer and closer to the target, the attenuation of the microseismic signal by the stratum decreases, and the intensity of the microseismic signal captured by the sensor will gradually increase. Under the condition of the same initial position, the initial intensity of different abnormal movement types has the following relationship: walking < running < vehicle driving, and the signal frequency of different abnormal movement types has the following relationship: walking < running < vehicle driving. The excavation position and excavation speed of manual excavation and mechanical excavation are relatively fixed, so the signal intensity and frequency captured by the microseismic sensor are relatively fixed, and the signal intensity is manual excavation < mechanical excavation. It can be seen that the abnormal movement type identification device 12 of the present invention obtains the signal intensity change trend and signal frequency change trend in the specified time period by extracting the signal characteristic parameters of the continuous microseismic signal of each point in the specified time period, thereby realizing accurate identification of the abnormal movement type.

[0052] Furthermore, the abnormal movement type identification device 12 includes: a signal analysis unit and an abnormal movement type generation unit. Among them, the signal analysis unit is used to extract the signal frequency and signal strength in the continuous microseismic signal of each point as signal characteristic parameters to obtain the signal frequency change characteristics and signal strength change characteristics of each continuous microseismic signal; the abnormal movement type generation unit is used to determine the current abnormal movement type according to the signal frequency change characteristics and signal strength change characteristics. Specifically, the signal analysis unit extracts the signal frequency and signal strength in the continuous microseismic signal of each point as signal characteristic parameters, and calculates the signal frequency difference between adjacent signals using the signal frequency of each signal, and calculates the signal strength difference between adjacent signals using the signal strength of each signal, so as to obtain the signal frequency change characteristics and signal strength change characteristics of each continuous microseismic signal. At this time, the abnormal movement type generation unit determines the current abnormal movement type according to the signal frequency change characteristics and signal strength change characteristics. According to the above analysis, if the signal frequency remains unchanged and the signal strength gradually increases, the current movement type is determined to be vehicle driving or person walking, or if the signal frequency and signal strength remain unchanged, the current movement type is determined to be mechanical excavation or manual excavation.

[0053] Furthermore, the abnormal movement area identification device 13 is used to determine one or more valid points that actually receive the second microseismic signal and their position distribution based on the first microseismic signals of multiple points, so as to determine the current abnormal movement area. After the second microseismic signal starts to propagate, due to the different distances between the target source and different points, there may be one or more points that cannot receive the first microseismic signal. In other words, the number and position distribution of the points that receive the first microseismic signal are related to the position of the target source. Therefore, this embodiment takes the points that receive the first microseismic signal belonging to the same target source (one or more points that actually receive the second microseismic signal) as valid points, thereby achieving the purpose of determining the current abnormal movement area based on one or more valid points that actually receive the second microseismic signal and their position distribution.

[0054] The abnormal area identification device 13 includes: an abnormal area division unit and an abnormal area generation unit. Among them, the abnormal area division unit is used to plan out multiple groups of point combinations with different numbers and positions of points that have the ability to receive the second microseismic signal, and match the abnormal area for each group of point combinations. The abnormal area generation unit is used to identify the number and position of valid points that receive the second microseismic signal in real time based on the first microseismic signal of each point, determine the corresponding point combination and call the abnormal area that matches the current point combination as the current abnormal area. In an embodiment of the present application, the abnormal area division unit plans out multiple groups of point combinations with different numbers and positions of points that have the ability to receive the second microseismic signal, and matches the abnormal area for each group of point combinations to obtain a mapping relationship between the point combination and the abnormal area. Furthermore, the abnormal movement area generation unit determines the actual point combination based on the point that receives the first microseismic signal, identifies the number and positions of valid points that receive the second microseismic signal in real time, and then uses the mapping relationship between the point combination and the abnormal movement area to retrieve the abnormal movement area that matches the current actual point combination. The abnormal movement area is the current abnormal movement area.

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the point combination and matching abnormality occurrence area of ​​the external abnormality monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the dense dotted area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​a single microseismic sensor; the vertical line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​two microseismic sensors; the horizontal line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​three microseismic sensors; the sparse dotted area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​four microseismic sensors; and the short line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​five microseismic sensors.

[0056] In the process of planning multiple groups of point combinations with different numbers and positions of points capable of receiving the second microseismic signal by the abnormal area division unit, and matching the abnormal area for each group of point combinations, continue to refer to Figure 5 The optimal monitoring distance for personnel movement, the optimal monitoring distance for manual excavation, the optimal monitoring distance for vehicle travel, and the optimal monitoring distance for mechanical excavation are recorded as a, b, c, and d, respectively. Thus, the following three monitoring barriers are formed in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located in a flat area, namely: 0~h+a, h+a~h+b, and h+b~min(c,d)+h.

[0057] When the distance between the abnormal movement and the pipeline is greater than min(c,d)+h, outsiders are far away from the pipeline and cannot dig or crush it to damage or even render it ineffective. Therefore, this area does not need to be monitored.

[0058] When the distance between the abnormal movement and the pipeline is h+b~min(c,d)+h, the abnormal movement has entered the effective monitoring area (area C) for mechanical excavation and vehicle driving, and is still relatively far away from the gathering and transportation pipeline. However, outsiders may drive vehicles in or conduct exploratory excavation. Once these two types of abnormal movements are stimulated, the microseismic sensor will conduct effective monitoring and early warning, thus forming the first monitoring barrier of the pipeline external abnormal movement monitoring system.

[0059] When the distance between the abnormal movement and the pipeline is h+a~h+b, the abnormal movement has entered the effective monitoring area of ​​manual excavation (area B). If outsiders use machinery to conduct exploratory excavation in area C and fail, they will inevitably get closer to the gathering and transportation pipeline for trial. In order to avoid direct damage to the gathering and transportation pipeline by machinery, manual excavation will be used for trial. Therefore, if manual excavation is carried out in area B, the microseismic sensor will conduct effective monitoring and early warning, thus forming the second monitoring barrier of the pipeline external abnormal movement monitoring system, which is used as a supplement to the first barrier to achieve the failure protection of the first barrier.

[0060] When the distance between the abnormal movement and the pipeline is 0~h+a, the abnormal movement has entered the effective monitoring area for personnel movement (Area A). If the outsider's goal is to drill holes to steal gas, he must go to the front of the gathering and transportation pipeline to dig. Area A is the most sensitive monitoring area of ​​the entire pipeline external abnormal movement monitoring system. It can effectively monitor and warn of personnel approaching, thus forming the third monitoring barrier of the pipeline external abnormal movement monitoring system and ensuring the reliability of monitoring.

[0061] In summary, the point arrangement method of the present invention effectively increases the monitoring range compared to the conventional point arrangement method (the monitoring range of each external abnormality on one side of the pipeline is increased by h meters). Moreover, when the current point combination includes one or more points, regional positioning within the full monitoring range of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is achieved.

[0062] For gathering and transportation pipelines, the closer the external movement is to the pipeline, the more dangerous it is. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the personnel movement monitoring zones of the external abnormal movement monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 In a specific embodiment of the present application, when a single microseismic sensor detects a microseismic signal related to human movement and issues an alarm, the abnormal movement must occur in the black spot area within the range of h+a to h+b (area A), and the black spot area where the abnormal movement occurs can be clearly identified based on the warning sensor number. Accordingly, the present invention realizes the effective identification of the abnormal movement area.

[0063] Furthermore, the external abnormal movement monitoring system described in the present invention also includes an abnormal movement tracking device. The abnormal movement tracking device is used to collect the determined abnormal movement area in real time, and determine the moving path of the abnormal movement area according to the generation time of the abnormal movement area, so as to track the abnormal situation. The point arrangement method described in the present invention also roughly locates the abnormal movement in the entire area through regional division, the number of sensor alarms (the number of effective points) and the location of the alarm sensor (the location of the effective point), and then determines its moving route. The abnormal movement tracking device collects the determined abnormal movement area in real time, and generates a moving route map related to the abnormal movement according to the generation time of the abnormal movement area, so as to determine the moving path of the abnormal movement area, thereby achieving the purpose of tracking the abnormal situation. It can be seen that the present invention realizes the effective tracking of the abnormal position and moving route based on the regional positioning within the full monitoring range of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored.

[0064] Further, based on the regional positioning within the full monitoring range of the monitored gathering and transportation pipeline achieved when the current point combination includes one or more points, the abnormal area identification device 13 of the present invention is also used to draw a vertical line from any point that actually receives the second microseismic signal to the monitoring gathering and transportation pipeline when the number of points that actually receive the second microseismic signal is greater than or equal to 3, and use the foot of the vertical line as the origin of the coordinates, and then use the distance between each valid point and the abnormal area, and the time difference between any two valid points receiving the microseismic signal, combined with the propagation distance of the second microseismic signal in the area where the current monitoring gathering and transportation pipeline is located, to calculate the coordinates of the current abnormal area, so as to accurately locate the current abnormal area.

[0065] In practical applications, one or two effective points cannot accurately locate a certain point, but three or more effective points (i.e., the number of points that actually receive the second microseismic signal is greater than or equal to 3) have the ability to accurately locate external anomalies. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of three-point precise positioning of an external abnormality monitoring system for a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 In this embodiment, the central axis of the pipeline is used as the X-axis. It is known that the distance between each effective point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is h, and the distance between adjacent effective points on the same side of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is 2a. At this time, a vertical line is drawn from any effective point that actually receives the second microseismic signal to the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, and the foot of the vertical line is used as the origin of the coordinates. The coordinates of the current three effective points are marked as (0, h), (a, -h), (-a, -h), and the coordinates of the current abnormal position are marked as (x, y). Finally, the coordinates of the current abnormal position are calculated using the following expression, so as to achieve accurate positioning of the current abnormal position, and the moving route can be accurately judged by the change of coordinates, so as to carry out targeted management and control:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] Among them, L1, L2 and L3 represent the distance between the abnormal position and each effective point, V represents the propagation distance of the microseismic signal under the current surface conditions, Δt 21 , Δt 31 and Δt 23 They respectively represent the time difference for acquiring signals between effective points, x represents the horizontal coordinate of the abnormal position, y represents the vertical coordinate of the abnormal position, t1, t2 and t3 respectively represent the signal acquisition moments of different effective points, and a represents the optimal monitoring distance for personnel movement.

[0069] In a specific embodiment of the present application, if the current anomaly is in the monitoring overlap area of ​​more than three valid points, the three valid points that receive the strongest microseismic signals can be selected to accurately locate the current anomaly.

[0070] Furthermore, the abnormal region identification device 13 includes a propagation velocity calculation unit. The propagation velocity calculation unit is used to arrange microseismic sensors at any two points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located to receive the first microseismic signal of the experimental target source, and calculate the propagation velocity of the microseismic signal in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is currently located by using the signal reception time difference between each microseismic sensor and the distance between the experimental target source and each microseismic sensor, so as to obtain the propagation distance of the second microseismic signal in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is currently located. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the propagation velocity test of the external abnormality monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 In a specific embodiment of the present application, two microseismic sensors for receiving the first microseismic signal of the experimental target source (the same as the microseismic signal actually received) are buried under the surface at any two points in the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored according to the second specified burial depth. Then, a building red brick is released at a height of 50 cm from the surface at point No. 1 to ensure that the maximum surface area of ​​the red brick is vertically in contact with the ground, and the signal reception time difference between the two sensors for receiving the microseismic signal is calculated. Finally, the signal reception time difference and the distance between the experimental target source (the contact position of the red brick with the ground) and each microseismic sensor are used to calculate the propagation speed of the microseismic signal in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, so as to obtain the propagation distance of the second microseismic signal in the area where the current gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located.

[0071] Continue to refer to Figure 3 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the propagation velocity of the microseismic signal is measured at points 2 to 6, respectively, and the average value of the six test results is used as the propagation velocity of the microseismic signal in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, thereby ensuring the reliability of the calculation results of the propagation results.

[0072] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the second designated burial depth is preferably 30 cm, and the distance between any two points is preferably 40 m. It should be noted that the present invention does not specifically limit the second designated burial depth and the distance between the two points, and those skilled in the art can set them according to the signal acquisition sensitivity, abnormal movement type, and surface characteristics of the microseismic sensor actually selected for receiving microseismic signals.

[0073] Furthermore, the propagation velocity calculation unit is also used to calculate the difference in distance between the experimental target source and the microseismic sensors at any two points (the difference in distance between the two sensors and the brick ground), and use the ratio of the distance difference to the signal reception time difference as the propagation velocity.

[0074] Embodiment 2

[0075] Some of my country's gas fields are located in Sichuan and Chongqing, with complex terrain and dense population. The gathering and transportation pipelines are laid along the mountains, and motor vehicles and large excavators are difficult to approach. Therefore, there are only two types of abnormal movement: personnel movement and manual excavation. Assuming that the optimal personnel movement monitoring distance and the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance are a and b respectively, and a<b, according to Fig. 9 Points are set by the point layout method shown in the figure ( Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of point layout in complex terrain areas for the external abnormal movement monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines in the embodiment of the present application). In this embodiment, the central axis of the pipeline is taken as the X-axis. It is known that the distance between each effective point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is ba, the distance between adjacent effective points on the same side of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is h, and the distance between adjacent effective points on the opposite side of the pipeline is b, thereby forming the following two monitoring barriers 0~a and a~2b-a in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located in a complex terrain area.

[0076] When the distance between the abnormal movement and the pipeline is greater than 2b-a, outsiders are far away from the pipeline and cannot dig, drill or carry out other destruction to damage or even render the gathering and transportation pipeline inoperable. Therefore, this area does not need to be monitored intensively.

[0077] When the distance between the anomaly and the pipeline is a~2b-a, the anomaly has entered the effective monitoring area of ​​artificial excavation. In this area, surrounding people may engage in farming or people who steal gas by drilling holes may conduct exploratory excavation. Although the excavation cannot cause damage to the pipeline at this time, once the artificial excavation anomaly type is stimulated, the microseismic sensor will conduct effective monitoring and early warning, and safety management personnel can go to the site for inspection, inform local people of the source of danger or drive away the people who steal gas by drilling holes, thus forming the first monitoring barrier of the pipeline external anomaly monitoring system.

[0078] When the distance between the abnormal movement and the pipeline is 0~a, the abnormal movement has entered the effective monitoring area of ​​artificial excavation. The abnormal movement is already close to the gathering and transportation pipeline. Both the movement of people and artificial excavation may cause harm to the pipeline. The microseismic sensor will effectively monitor and warn of the approaching movement of people, thus forming the second monitoring barrier of the pipeline external abnormal movement monitoring system, which serves as a supplement to the first barrier and realizes the failure protection of the first barrier.

[0079] Next, continue to refer to Fig. 9 In a specific embodiment of the present application, taking manual excavation monitoring as an example, the vertical line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​1 microseismic sensor; the horizontal line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​2 microseismic sensors; and the oblique line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​3 microseismic sensors.

[0080] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the central axis of the pipeline is used as the X-axis. It is known that the distance between each effective point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is ba, the distance between adjacent effective points on the same side of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is h, and the distance between adjacent effective points on the opposite side of the pipeline is b. At this time, a vertical line is drawn from any effective point that actually receives the second microseismic signal to the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, and the foot of the vertical line is used as the origin of the coordinates. The coordinates of the current three effective points are marked as (0, h), (a, -h), (-a, -h), and the coordinates of the current abnormal position are marked as (x, y). Finally, the coordinates of the current abnormal position are calculated using the following expression, so as to achieve accurate positioning of the current abnormal position, and the moving route can be accurately judged by the change of coordinates, so as to carry out targeted management and control:

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Embodiment 3

[0084] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located is an area with complex terrain.

[0085] Next, according to the point arrangement method described in Example 1, multiple points are constructed in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and according to the propagation velocity measurement method described in Example 1, a vacant land with surface conditions consistent with the surrounding of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is selected in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and two microseismic sensors are buried 30 cm below the surface, and the straight-line distance between the two microseismic sensors is 40 m. Afterwards, a building red brick is released at a height of 50 cm from the surface at point 1 to ensure that the maximum surface area of ​​the red brick vertically contacts the ground, and the time difference between the two sensors detecting the microseismic signal is recorded. The microseismic signal propagation velocity is the ratio of the difference in the distance of the two sensors from the brick ground to the difference in the time of receiving the signal. Subsequently, the microseismic signal propagation velocity is measured at points 2 to 6 to obtain the measurement results shown in Table 2, and the average value of the 6 test results can be used as the propagation velocity under the surface conditions.

[0086] Table 2 Propagation velocity measurement results of Example 3

[0087] Measuring point Measuring speed 1 131.3 2 132.9 3 128.4 4 119.6 5 130.6 6 129.8 average value 128.8

[0088] Next, according to the optimal monitoring distance calculation method described in Example 1, a microseismic sensor is buried 30 cm below the surface, and the corresponding microseismic signals are collected by walking in place and digging with a hoe at 5m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m and 80m away from the microseismic sensor. After testing, it is found that the optimal walking monitoring distance of the microseismic sensor under such surface conditions is 30m, and the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance is 50m.

[0089] Further, according to Fig. 9 The point distribution mode shown in the figure sets the distance between each point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored to be 20m, the distance between adjacent points on the same side of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is 50m, and the distance between adjacent points on the opposite side of the pipeline is 50m, thereby forming the following two monitoring barriers near the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, namely: 0-30m and 30m-70m, and obtaining the mapping relationship between the abnormality type and the abnormality occurrence area as shown in Table 3 and Fig. 9 The matching monitoring zones shown in the figure. The vertical line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​1 microseismic sensor; the horizontal line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​2 microseismic sensors; and the oblique line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​3 microseismic sensors.

[0090] Table 3: Mapping relationship between abnormality types and abnormality occurrence areas in Example 3

[0091] Distance to pipeline length / m Monitorable change types ＞70 / 30～70 Manual excavation 0～30 Manual excavation and movement of personnel

[0092] Finally, according to the precise positioning conditions and positioning methods of the abnormal position described in Example 1, when the artificial excavation abnormality occurs at a distance of 40m from the pipeline, the microseismic sensor can effectively monitor and warn, but because the excavation abnormality is not in the monitoring and alarm area of ​​the three microseismic sensors, the artificial excavation abnormality can only be roughly located by the number and number of sensor alarms.

[0093] Embodiment 4

[0094] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located is an area with complex terrain.

[0095] Next, according to the point arrangement method described in Example 1, multiple points are constructed in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and according to the propagation velocity measurement method described in Example 1, a vacant land with surface conditions consistent with the surrounding of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is selected in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and two microseismic sensors are buried 30 cm below the surface, and the straight-line distance between the two microseismic sensors is 40 m. Afterwards, a building red brick is released at a height of 50 cm from the surface at point 1 to ensure that the maximum surface area of ​​the red brick vertically contacts the ground, and the time difference between the two sensors detecting the microseismic signal is recorded. The microseismic signal propagation velocity is the ratio of the difference in the distance of the two sensors from the brick-falling ground to the difference in the time of receiving the signal. Subsequently, the microseismic signal propagation velocity is measured at points 2 to 6 to obtain the measurement results shown in Table 4, and the average value of the 6 test results can be used as the propagation velocity under the surface conditions.

[0096] Table 4 Propagation velocity measurement results of Example 4

[0097] Measuring point Measuring speed 1 131.3 2 132.9 3 128.4 4 119.6 5 130.6 6 129.8 average value 128.8

[0098] Next, according to the optimal monitoring distance calculation method described in Example 1, a microseismic sensor is buried 30 cm below the surface, and the corresponding microseismic signals are collected by walking in place and digging with a hoe at 5m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m and 80m away from the microseismic sensor. After testing, it is found that the optimal walking monitoring distance of the microseismic sensor under such surface conditions is 30m, and the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance is 50m.

[0099] Further, according to Fig. 9 The point distribution mode shown in the figure sets the distance between each point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored to be 20m, the distance between adjacent points on the same side of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is 50m, and the distance between adjacent points on the opposite side of the pipeline is 50m, thereby forming the following two monitoring barriers near the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, namely: 0-30m and 30m-70m, and obtaining the mapping relationship between the abnormality type and the abnormality occurrence area as shown in Table 5 and Fig. 9 Matching monitoring partitions shown.

[0100] Table 5: Mapping relationship between abnormality types and abnormality occurrence areas in Example 4

[0101] Distance to pipeline length / m Monitorable change types ＞70 / 30～70 Manual excavation 0～30 Manual excavation and movement of personnel

[0102] Finally, according to the precise positioning conditions and positioning methods of the abnormal position described in Example 1, the manual excavation occurs at a distance of 20m from the pipeline, that is, in the horizontal line area or the diagonal line area. If it is in the horizontal line area, the manual excavation abnormality can only be regionally located by the number and number of sensor alarms; if it is in the diagonal line area, the following expression can be used for precise positioning, so as to carry out targeted control:

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] Embodiment 5

[0106] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located is a flat area. Under this condition, four types of external abnormal movements, namely mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel walking, may occur.

[0107] Next, according to the point arrangement method described in Example 1, multiple points are constructed in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and according to the propagation velocity measurement method described in Example 1, a vacant land with surface conditions consistent with the surrounding of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is selected in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and two microseismic sensors are buried 30 cm below the surface, and the straight-line distance between the two microseismic sensors is 40 m. Afterwards, a building red brick is released at a height of 50 cm from the surface at point 1 to ensure that the maximum surface area of ​​the red brick vertically contacts the ground, and the time difference between the two sensors detecting the microseismic signal is recorded. The microseismic signal propagation velocity is the ratio of the difference in the distance of the two sensors from the brick-falling ground to the difference in the time of receiving the signal. Subsequently, the microseismic signal propagation velocity is measured at points 2 to 6 to obtain the measurement results shown in Table 6, and the average value of the 6 test results can be used as the propagation velocity under the surface conditions.

[0108] Table 6 Propagation velocity measurement results of Example 5

[0109] Measuring point Measuring speed 1 142.1 2 142.8 3 139.6 4 135.7 5 140.2 6 138.7 average value 139.9

[0110] Next, according to the optimal monitoring distance calculation method described in Example 1, a microseismic sensor is buried 30 cm below the surface, and four types of external abnormal movements, namely mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel walking, are simulated at 5m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m, and 80m from the microseismic sensor, and the corresponding microseismic signals are collected. After testing, it is found that the optimal personnel walking monitoring distance of the microseismic sensor under such surface conditions is 30m, the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance is 60m, the optimal vehicle driving monitoring distance is 80m, and the optimal mechanical excavation monitoring distance is 90m.

[0111] Further, according to Figure 6 The point distribution mode shown in the figure sets the distance between each point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored to be 15m, and the distance between adjacent points on the same side of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is 80m, thus forming the following three monitoring barriers near the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, namely: 0-45m, 45-75m and 75m-95m, and obtaining the mapping relationship between the abnormality type and the abnormality occurrence area as shown in Table 7 and Figure 6 Matching monitoring partitions shown.

[0112] Table 7: Mapping relationship between abnormality types and abnormality occurrence areas in Example 5

[0113] Distance to pipeline length / m Monitorable change types ＞95 / 75～95 Mechanical excavation, vehicle driving 45～75 Mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation 0～45 Mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel movement

[0114] Finally, according to the precise positioning conditions and positioning methods of the abnormal movement position described in Example 1, when the abnormal movement type of human movement occurs at a distance of 25m from the pipeline, the microseismic sensor can effectively monitor and warn, but they are all in the monitoring and alarm area of ​​​​one microseismic sensor, so the abnormal movement of personnel can only be roughly located by the number of the alarm sensor.

[0115] Embodiment 6

[0116] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located is a flat area.

[0117] Next, according to the point arrangement method described in Example 1, multiple points are constructed in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and according to the propagation velocity measurement method described in Example 1, a vacant land with surface conditions consistent with the surrounding of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is selected in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and two microseismic sensors are buried 30 cm below the surface, and the straight-line distance between the two microseismic sensors is 40 m. Afterwards, a building red brick is released at a height of 50 cm from the surface at point 1 to ensure that the maximum surface area of ​​the red brick vertically contacts the ground, and the time difference between the two sensors detecting the microseismic signal is recorded. The microseismic signal propagation velocity is the ratio of the difference in the distance between the two sensors and the brick-falling ground to the difference in the time of receiving the signal. Subsequently, the microseismic signal propagation velocity is measured at points 2 to 6 to obtain the measurement results shown in Table 8, and the average value of the 6 test results can be used as the propagation velocity under the surface conditions.

[0118] Table 8 Propagation velocity measurement results of Example 6

[0119] Measuring point Measuring speed 1 142.1 2 142.8 3 139.6 4 135.7 5 140.2 6 138.7 average value 139.9

[0120] Next, according to the optimal monitoring distance calculation method described in Example 1, a microseismic sensor is buried 30 cm below the surface, and four types of external abnormal movements, namely mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel walking, are simulated at 5m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m, and 80m from the microseismic sensor, and the corresponding microseismic signals are collected. After testing, it is found that the optimal personnel walking monitoring distance of the microseismic sensor under such surface conditions is 30m, the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance is 60m, the optimal vehicle driving monitoring distance is 80m, and the optimal mechanical excavation monitoring distance is 90m.

[0121] Further, according to Figure 7 The point distribution mode shown in the figure sets the distance between each point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored to be 15m, and the distance between adjacent points on the same side of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is 80m, thereby forming the following three monitoring barriers near the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, namely: 0-45m, 45-75m and 75m-95m, and obtaining the mapping relationship between the abnormality type and the abnormality occurrence area as shown in Table 9 and Figure 7 The matching monitoring zones are shown in the figure. The dense dotted area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​a single microseismic sensor; the vertical line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​2 microseismic sensors; the horizontal line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​3 microseismic sensors; the sparse dotted area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​4 microseismic sensors; and the short line area is the monitoring and alarm area of ​​5 microseismic sensors.

[0122] Table 9: Mapping relationship between abnormality types and abnormality occurrence areas in Example 6

[0123] Distance to pipeline length / m Monitorable change types ＞95 / 75～95 Mechanical excavation, vehicle driving 45～75 Mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation 0～45 Mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel movement

[0124] Finally, according to the precise positioning conditions and positioning methods of the abnormal position described in Example 1, manual excavation occurs at a distance of 40m from the pipeline, so the five areas of dense points, vertical lines, horizontal lines, sparse points and short lines are all possible. If it is in a dense point or vertical line area, the manual excavation abnormality can only be regionally located by the number and number of sensor alarms; if it is in a horizontal line, sparse point, or short line area, the following expression can be used for precise positioning, so as to carry out targeted control:

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] In the embodiment of the present application, if the abnormal movement occurs in a sparse point-like or short-line area, three microseismic sensors with the strongest monitoring signals are selected to locate the abnormal movement to obtain an accurate positioning result.

[0128] Embodiment 7

[0129] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located is a flat area.

[0130] Next, according to the point arrangement method described in Example 1, multiple points are constructed in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and according to the propagation velocity measurement method described in Example 1, a vacant land with surface conditions consistent with the surrounding of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is selected in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and two microseismic sensors are buried 30 cm below the surface, and the straight-line distance between the two microseismic sensors is 40 m. Afterwards, a building red brick is released at a height of 50 cm from the surface at point 1 to ensure that the maximum surface area of ​​the red brick vertically contacts the ground, and the time difference between the two sensors detecting the microseismic signal is recorded. The microseismic signal propagation velocity is the ratio of the difference in the distance of the two sensors from the brick-falling ground to the difference in the time of receiving the signal. Subsequently, the microseismic signal propagation velocity is measured at points 2 to 6 to obtain the measurement results shown in Table 10, and the average value of the 6 test results can be used as the propagation velocity under the surface conditions.

[0131] Table 10 Propagation velocity measurement results of Example 7

[0132] Measuring point Measuring speed 1 142.1 2 142.8 3 139.6 4 135.7 5 140.2 6 138.7 average value 139.9

[0133] Next, according to the optimal monitoring distance calculation method described in Example 1, a microseismic sensor is buried 30 cm below the surface, and four types of external abnormal movements, namely mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel walking, are simulated at 5m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m, and 80m from the microseismic sensor, and the corresponding microseismic signals are collected. After testing, it is found that the optimal personnel walking monitoring distance of the microseismic sensor under such surface conditions is 30m, the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance is 60m, the optimal vehicle driving monitoring distance is 80m, and the optimal mechanical excavation monitoring distance is 90m.

[0134] Further, according to Figure 7 The point distribution mode shown in the figure sets the distance between each point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored to be 15m, and the distance between adjacent points on the same side of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is 80m, thereby forming the following three monitoring barriers near the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, namely: 0-45m, 45-75m and 75m-95m, and obtaining the mapping relationship between the abnormality type and the abnormality occurrence area as shown in Table 11 and Figure 7 Matching monitoring partitions shown.

[0135] Table 11: Mapping relationship between abnormality types and abnormality occurrence areas in Example 7

[0136]

[0137]

[0138] Finally, according to the precise positioning conditions and positioning methods of the abnormal position described in Example 1, manual excavation is 60m away from the gathering and transportation pipeline, and effective monitoring and alarm can be carried out, but the abnormality can only be located in dense point-shaped and vertical line areas, so the manual excavation abnormality can only be roughly located by the number and number of sensor alarms.

[0139] Embodiment 8

[0140] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located is a flat area.

[0141] Next, according to the point arrangement method described in Example 1, multiple points are constructed in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and according to the propagation velocity measurement method described in Example 1, a vacant land with surface conditions consistent with the surrounding of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is selected in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and two microseismic sensors are buried 30 cm below the surface, and the straight-line distance between the two microseismic sensors is 40 m. Afterwards, a building red brick is released at a height of 50 cm from the surface at point 1 to ensure that the maximum surface area of ​​the red brick vertically contacts the ground, and the time difference between the two sensors detecting the microseismic signal is recorded. The microseismic signal propagation velocity is the ratio of the difference in the distance between the two sensors and the brick-falling ground to the difference in the time of receiving the signal. Subsequently, the microseismic signal propagation velocity is measured at points 2 to 6 to obtain the measurement results shown in Table 12, and the average value of the 6 test results can be used as the propagation velocity under the surface conditions.

[0142] Table 12 Propagation velocity measurement results of Example 8

[0143] Measuring point Measuring speed 1 142.1 2 142.8 3 139.6 4 135.7 5 140.2 6 138.7 average value 139.9

[0144] Next, according to the optimal monitoring distance calculation method described in Example 1, a microseismic sensor is buried 30 cm below the surface, and four types of external abnormal movements, namely mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel walking, are simulated at 5m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m, and 80m from the microseismic sensor, and the corresponding microseismic signals are collected. After testing, it is found that the optimal personnel walking monitoring distance of the microseismic sensor under such surface conditions is 30m, the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance is 60m, the optimal vehicle driving monitoring distance is 80m, and the optimal mechanical excavation monitoring distance is 90m.

[0145] Further, according to Figure 7 The point distribution mode shown in the figure sets the distance between each point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored to be 15m, and the distance between adjacent points on the same side of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is 80m, thereby forming the following three monitoring barriers near the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, namely: 0-45m, 45-75m and 75m-95m, and obtaining the mapping relationship between the abnormality type and the abnormality occurrence area as shown in Table 13 and Figure 7 Matching monitoring partitions shown.

[0146] Table 13: Mapping relationship between abnormality types and abnormality occurrence areas in Example 8

[0147] Distance to pipeline length / m Monitorable change types ＞95 / 75～95 Mechanical excavation, vehicle driving 45～75 Mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation 0～45 Mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel movement

[0148] Finally, according to the precise positioning conditions and positioning methods of the abnormal position described in Example 1, the mechanical excavation is 80m away from the gathering and transportation pipeline, so the microseismic sensor can effectively monitor, alarm and locate.

[0149] Embodiment 9

[0150] On the other hand, based on the external abnormal movement monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines described in the aforementioned embodiment one, an embodiment of the present invention also proposes an external abnormal movement monitoring method for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines. The method utilizes the above-mentioned external abnormal movement monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines to effectively realize the monitoring of external abnormal movements of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines. Fig.10 FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a method for monitoring external abnormal movement of a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig.10 As shown, the external abnormal movement monitoring method for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines described in the present invention includes the following steps: Step S101 uses a signal receiving device 11 to construct multiple points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, so that each point can receive the first microseismic signal in real time, wherein the first microseismic signal of each point is obtained after the second microseismic signal emitted by the target source propagates in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located; Step S102 uses an abnormal movement type identification device 12 to extract signal characteristic parameters of the continuous microseismic signal of each point in step S101 in a specified time period, thereby determining the abnormal movement type; Step S103 The abnormal movement area identification device 13 determines one or more valid points and their position distribution that actually receive the second microseismic signal based on the first microseismic signals of multiple points in step S101, thereby determining the current abnormal movement area.

[0151] Further, in the step of determining the current abnormal area by the abnormal area identification device 13, one or more valid points that actually receive the second microseismic signal and their position distribution based on the first microseismic signals of multiple points, when the number of points that actually receive the second microseismic signal is greater than or equal to 3, the abnormal area identification device 13 draws a perpendicular line from any point that actually receives the second microseismic signal to the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, and uses the foot of the perpendicular as the coordinate origin, and then uses the distance between each valid point and the abnormal area, and the time difference between any two valid points receiving the microseismic signal, combined with the propagation distance of the second microseismic signal in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, to calculate the coordinates of the current abnormal area, thereby accurately locating the current abnormal area.

[0152] The present invention proposes a system and method for monitoring external abnormal movements of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines. The signal receiving device of the system constructs multiple points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and collects microseismic signals related to abnormal activities (for example: mechanical excavation, vehicle driving, manual excavation, and personnel walking) through each point; the abnormal movement type identification device determines the abnormal movement type according to the characteristic parameters of the microseismic signal; the abnormal movement area identification device determines the current abnormal movement area according to the effective points and position distribution of the microseismic signals actually collected. The present invention proposes a reasonable and effective method for monitoring, early warning and positioning external abnormal movements of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines based on microseismic signals, which effectively expands the external abnormal movement monitoring range of gas field gathering and transportation pipelines, and can identify the abnormal movement type and locate the abnormal movement position. At the same time, the external abnormal movement monitoring system proposed by the present invention can also be promoted and applied in other areas where long-distance pipelines and gas pipelines are located, and has high economic value.

[0153] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any person familiar with the technology within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

[0154] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features understood by ordinary technicians in the relevant field. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are only used for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not meant to be limiting.

[0155] The "one embodiment" or "embodiment" mentioned in the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "one embodiment" or "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0156] Although the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are as above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted for facilitating the understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician in the technical field to which the present invention belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in the present invention, but the patent protection scope of the present invention shall still be subject to the scope defined in the attached claims.

Claims

1. An external abnormality monitoring system for gas field gathering and transportation pipelines, characterized in that: include: A signal receiving device is constructed at multiple points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, and each point is used to receive the first microseismic signal in real time. The first microseismic signal at each point is obtained after the second microseismic signal emitted by the target source propagates in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located; An abnormal movement type identification device is used to extract the signal characteristic parameters of the continuous microseismic signal of each point in a specified period of time, so as to determine the abnormal movement type; The abnormal movement area identification device is used to determine one or more effective points that actually receive the second microseismic signal and their position distribution according to the first microseismic signals of the multiple points, so as to determine the current abnormal movement area.

2. The external abnormality monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple points are constructed into two groups of points, which are respectively distributed on both sides of the axis of the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored and parallel to the axis. The first group of points includes several points, and the second group of points includes several points. The points in the first group of points are staggered with the points in the second group of points, so that adjacent points in the first group of points form an isosceles triangle with the designated points in the second group of points on the opposite side, wherein the distance between each point and the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is determined according to the optimal monitoring distance of each point.

3. The external abnormality monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The optimal monitoring distance includes: optimal mechanical excavation monitoring distance, optimal vehicle driving monitoring distance, optimal manual excavation monitoring distance and optimal personnel walking monitoring distance, wherein: The optimal mechanical excavation monitoring distance / the optimal vehicle driving monitoring distance / the optimal manual excavation monitoring distance / the optimal personnel walking monitoring distance are obtained by conducting a mechanical excavation test / vehicle driving test / manual excavation test / personnel walking test using a microseismic sensor arranged at any point in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located.

4. The external abnormality monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The signal receiving device comprises: A plurality of microseismic sensors are respectively arranged at different points, wherein the microseismic sensors are three-component microseismic sensors that meet specific technical parameter conditions, wherein the specific technical parameter conditions include but are not limited to: The bandwidth is 1~240Hz; GNSS timing accuracy is + / -10μs; Gain accuracy of 0.1%; and The sampling interval is less than or equal to 4ms.

5. The external abnormality monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The abnormality type identification device comprises: A signal analysis unit, which is used to extract the signal frequency and signal strength in the continuous microseismic signal of each point as the signal characteristic parameters, so as to obtain the signal frequency change characteristics and signal strength change characteristics of each continuous microseismic signal; The abnormality type generating unit is used to determine the current abnormality type according to the signal frequency change characteristics and the signal strength change characteristics, wherein if the signal frequency remains unchanged and the signal strength gradually increases, the current abnormality type is determined to be vehicle driving or person walking, or if the signal frequency and signal strength remain unchanged, the current abnormality type is determined to be mechanical excavation or manual excavation.

6. The external abnormality monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The abnormal movement area identification device comprises: An abnormality region division unit is used to plan multiple groups of point combinations with different numbers and positions of points capable of receiving the second microseismic signal, and match the abnormality occurrence area for each group of point combinations; The abnormal movement area generating unit is used to identify the number and positions of valid points that receive the second microseismic signal in real time according to the first microseismic signal of each point, determine the corresponding point combination and retrieve the abnormal movement area that matches the current point combination as the current abnormal movement area.

7. The external abnormal movement monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The external abnormal movement monitoring system also includes: The abnormal movement tracking device is used to collect the determined abnormal movement area in real time, and determine the moving path of the abnormal movement area according to the generation time of the abnormal movement area, so as to track the abnormal movement situation.

8. The external abnormal movement monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The abnormal area identification device is also used to draw a perpendicular line from any point that actually receives the second microseismic signal to the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, and use the foot of the perpendicular as the coordinate origin, and then use the distance between each effective point and the abnormal area, and the time difference between any two effective points receiving the microseismic signal, combined with the propagation distance of the second microseismic signal in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, to calculate the coordinates of the current abnormal area, thereby accurately locating the current abnormal area.

9. The external abnormality monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The abnormal area identification device comprises: A propagation velocity calculation unit is used to arrange microseismic sensors at any two points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located to receive the first microseismic signal of the experimental target source, and use the signal reception time difference between each microseismic sensor and the distance between the experimental target source and each microseismic sensor to calculate the propagation velocity of the microseismic signal in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is currently located, so as to obtain the propagation distance of the second microseismic signal in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is currently located.

10. The external abnormality monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The propagation velocity calculation unit is further used to calculate the difference in distance between the experimental target source and the microseismic sensors at any two points, and use the ratio between the distance difference and the signal reception time difference as the propagation velocity.

11. A method for monitoring external abnormal movement of a gas field gathering and transportation pipeline, characterized in that: The external abnormality monitoring method is implemented by using the external abnormality monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and the external abnormality monitoring method includes: A signal receiving device is used to construct multiple points in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, so that each point can receive the first microseismic signal in real time, wherein the first microseismic signal of each point is obtained after the second microseismic signal emitted by the target source propagates in the area where the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located; The signal characteristic parameters of the continuous microseismic signal of each point in a specified period of time are extracted by the abnormal movement type identification device, so as to determine the abnormal movement type; The abnormal movement area identification device determines one or more valid points that actually receive the second microseismic signal and their position distribution according to the first microseismic signals of the multiple points, thereby determining the current abnormal movement area.

12. The external abnormality monitoring method according to claim 11, characterized in that: In the step of determining the current abnormal movement area by the abnormal movement area identification device according to the first microseismic signals of the plurality of points, one or more valid points where the second microseismic signal is actually received and their position distribution, the step includes: When the number of points that actually receive the second microseismic signal is greater than or equal to 3, the abnormal area identification device draws a perpendicular line from any point that actually receives the second microseismic signal to the gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored, and uses the foot of the perpendicular as the coordinate origin, and then uses the distance between each valid point and the abnormal area, and the time difference between any two valid points receiving the microseismic signal, combined with the propagation distance of the second microseismic signal in the area where the current gathering and transportation pipeline to be monitored is located, to calculate the coordinates of the current abnormal area, thereby accurately locating the current abnormal area.

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