A vibration test system and control method for prefabricated building components

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of building engineering, and particularly relates to a vibration test system and control method for prefabricated building components, comprising a portal frame, a fixing device, a vertical loading device, a horizontal loading device and a control center, wherein the fixing device is used for fixing a test specimen; the vertical loading device can apply static load to the upper end of the test specimen; the horizontal loading device is used for applying dynamic load to one side of the test specimen; and the control center collects the deformation of the test specimen through a data acquisition unit and simulates seismic wave to apply load. The horizontal loading device is provided with a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder, and the loading push plate arranged at the end of the horizontal loading device can adjust its posture according to the deformation of the test specimen through the coordination of the two hydraulic cylinders, so that the loading push plate can always keep parallel to the surface of the test specimen. The accuracy of the test can be improved, the distortion generated in the load conveying process can be reduced, and the stability of the system can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering technology, and more specifically, to a vibration testing system and control method for prefabricated assembled building components. Background Technology

[0002] As China's economy enters a stage of high-quality development, higher demands are placed on the construction industry—not only ensuring safety but also emphasizing livability, green and low-carbon development, and sustainability. This signifies that China's construction industry is facing a profound structural transformation challenge. However, under the dominance of traditional construction methods, low levels of mechanization and difficulty in controlling construction quality, coupled with rising labor costs and environmental pollution and noise pollution during construction, have become significant factors restricting the industry's development. Against this backdrop, prefabricated construction, as an innovative technology, has emerged, reshaping the future of China's construction industry with significant advantages. Compared to traditional construction methods, prefabricated construction uses factory-produced building units, which are then assembled on-site, greatly improving construction quality and efficiency, significantly reducing on-site wet work, effectively shortening the project cycle, saving resources and energy consumption, and significantly reducing construction pollution. Its overall quality is comprehensively improved. Prefabricated concrete shear walls, with their excellent lateral stiffness and load-bearing capacity, have been widely used in prefabricated construction as prefabricated buildings are promoted.

[0003] When prefabricated concrete shear walls are put into use, they need to be fabricated into specimens and then subjected to low-cycle fatigue tests (LCF tests). LCF tests can evaluate the mechanical properties of the specimens under cyclic loading conditions. LCF tests can simulate cyclic loads in natural environments such as earthquakes and wind loads to evaluate the specimens' seismic and wind resistance. The main purpose of LCF tests is to observe and record the deformation, damage, and failure processes of the specimens through multiple cycles of loading, thereby evaluating their performance in real-world environments. Existing LCF tests typically use a single actuator to apply force to the upper end of the prefabricated concrete shear wall. In the later stages of the LCF test, the upper end of the specimen usually deforms, and the existing single actuator cannot adjust to the deformation of the specimen, resulting in inaccurate test results. Furthermore, during long-term testing, the reaction forces generated by the specimen can easily cause various actuator malfunctions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a vibration testing system and control method for prefabricated assembled building components, which can adaptively adjust according to the deformation of the test specimen, thereby improving the testing accuracy and the service life of the testing system.

[0005] In a first aspect, this invention proposes a vibration testing system for prefabricated assembled building components, comprising:

[0006] A vibration testing system and control method for prefabricated assembled building components according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0007] Gantry frame; test specimens are placed beneath the gantry frame;

[0008] A fixing device for fixing the test specimen under the gantry frame;

[0009] A vertical loading device, the upper end of which is connected to the gantry, and the lower end of which can apply a vertical load to the upper end of the test specimen;

[0010] A horizontal loading device is provided, comprising a reaction wall, a horizontal loading frame, a first hydraulic cylinder, a second hydraulic cylinder, and a loading push plate; the reaction wall is located on one side of the gantry frame, and the horizontal loading frame and the reaction wall are fixedly connected; the first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the horizontal loading frame, and the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the loading push plate; the cylinder rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the horizontal loading frame, and the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the loading push plate, with one side of the loading push plate abutting against the test specimen;

[0011] The control center includes a data acquisition unit and a controller. The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the deformation generated by the test specimen. The data acquisition unit and the controller are electrically connected. The controller can control the operation of the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal loading frame includes a first frame and a second frame. A guide shaft is provided on one side of the first frame. The first frame and the second frame are slidably connected through the guide shaft. An energy storage spring is sleeved on the guide shaft.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a fine-tuning component is provided between the first frame and the second frame. The fine-tuning component includes a first wedge, a second wedge, and a drive shaft. A sliding groove is provided on the second frame. The second wedge is slidably disposed in the sliding groove. The drive shaft is rotatably connected to the second frame. One end of the drive shaft is threadedly connected to the second wedge. The first wedge is fixedly connected to the first frame. The first wedge abuts against the second wedge.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the energy storage spring has a drum-shaped structure.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal loading device further includes a support assembly, which includes a support base, a support sleeve, a support rod, and a support spring; the support base is fixedly connected to the gantry frame, one end of the support sleeve is rotatably connected to the support base; the other end of the support sleeve is slidably connected to one end of the support rod, and the other end of the support rod is rotatably connected to the first frame; the support spring is sleeved on the support rod.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fixing device includes a pressure beam and a limiter. The pressure beam is used to prevent the test specimen from displacing vertically, and multiple limiters are provided. The multiple limiters respectively abut against the lower peripheral side of the test specimen to prevent the test specimen from displacing horizontally.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the limiter includes a limit base, a limit baffle, a first push rod and a preload spring. The limit base and the limit baffle are slidably connected, the first push rod and the limit base are threadedly connected, one end of the first push rod passes through the limit base and the limit baffle and is rotatably connected, and the preload spring is sleeved on the first push rod.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the vertical loading device includes an adjusting frame, a lifting base, a first support frame, a second support frame, a hydraulic jack, and a loading box beam; the adjusting frame and the gantry frame are slidably connected; a second push rod is provided on the lifting base, and a return spring is provided on the second push rod; the second push rod and the adjusting frame are slidably connected; the first support frame and the second support frame are rotatably connected; one end of the first support frame is rotatably connected to the lifting base, and the other end of the first support frame is rotatably connected to the loading box beam; one end of the second support frame is slidably connected to the lifting base, and the other end of the second support frame is slidably connected to the loading box beam; one end of the hydraulic jack is rotatably connected to the lifting base, and the other end of the hydraulic jack is rotatably connected to the first support frame; the loading box beam abuts against the upper end of the test specimen.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the data acquisition unit includes a force sensor, a displacement measurement sensor, and a crack observation component.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention proposes a control method for a vibration testing system for the prefabricated assembled building components, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S01: Initialization and fixing; Fix the test specimen under the gantry frame using the fixing device and confirm the measurement baseline;

[0022] S02: Based on the completion of initial fixation, vertical loading is performed; a vertical force is applied to the test specimen through the vertical loading device.

[0023] S03: Based on the completion of vertical loading, horizontal loading is performed; a horizontal force is applied to the test specimen through the horizontal loading device.

[0024] S04: Monitor and collect displacement and force data of the test specimen in real time, adjust the loading amount of the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder, and control the loading push plate to always remain parallel to the surface of the test specimen;

[0025] S05: Test completed. Adjust the horizontal loading device and the vertical loading device to their initial states in sequence.

[0026] A vibration testing system and control method for prefabricated assembled building components according to an embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0027] According to the present invention, a vibration testing system for prefabricated assembled building components includes a gantry frame, a fixing device, a vertical loading device, a horizontal loading device, and a control center. The fixing device secures the test specimen below the gantry frame. The vertical loading device applies a static load in the vertical direction to the upper end of the test specimen. The horizontal loading device applies a dynamic load in the horizontal direction to one side of the test specimen. The control center collects the deformation of the test specimen through a data acquisition unit and simulates seismic waves to apply the load. The horizontal loading device is equipped with a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder. Through the coordinated operation of the two hydraulic cylinders, a loading push plate located at the end of the horizontal loading device adjusts its posture according to the deformation of the test specimen, ensuring that the loading push plate remains parallel to the surface of the test specimen at all times. This structural design improves the accuracy of the test, reduces distortion during load transfer, and enhances the stability of the system.

[0028] According to the present invention, the horizontal loading device includes a reaction wall, a horizontal loading frame, a first hydraulic cylinder, a second hydraulic cylinder, and a loading push plate. The reaction wall is located on one side of the gantry frame and is used to bear the reaction force transmitted by the horizontal loading device, playing a balancing and supporting role to ensure stability during the loading process. The horizontal loading frame is connected to the reaction wall and serves as the main support structure for the first and second hydraulic cylinders, ensuring the smooth movement of the loading push plate. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the horizontal loading frame, and the cylinder rod is connected to the loading push plate via a rotating joint. It is mainly used to provide driving force in the horizontal direction to assist the loading push plate in achieving smooth displacement. The cylinder rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the horizontal loading frame via a rotating joint, and the other end is connected to the loading push plate. It is used to generate torque in the horizontal direction, adjust the contact surface between the loading push plate and the test specimen, and ensure that the loading push plate can adhere to the surface of the test specimen when deformation occurs. Data collected by the data acquisition unit is fed back to the control center to further adjust the actions of the first and second hydraulic cylinders to simulate various preset dynamic loads, such as seismic waves. The controller processes the data provided by the data acquisition unit, implements PID or other control algorithms, such as fuzzy logic control or adaptive control strategies, and generates operating commands for the hydraulic cylinders. Through the design of this mechanism, a dual hydraulic cylinder layout is adopted, achieving dynamic adaptation of the contact interface between the loading push plate and the test specimen, enhancing the system's reliability and the accuracy of the test results. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a horizontal loading device according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the horizontal loading device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point A;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a vertical loading device according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the vertical loading device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the limiter of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a test specimen of the present invention.

[0037] In the picture:

[0038] 100-Gantry;

[0039] 200-Fixing device, 210-Pressure beam, 220-Limiter, 221-Limiting base, 222-Limiting baffle, 223-First push rod, 224-Preload spring;

[0040] 300-Vertical loading device, 310-Adjusting frame, 320-Lifting base, 321-Second top rod, 322-Reset spring, 330-First support frame, 340-Second support frame, 350-Hydraulic jack, 360-Loading box beam;

[0041] 400-Horizontal loading device, 410-Reaction wall, 420-Horizontal loading frame, 421-First frame, 422-Second frame, 423-Guide shaft, 424-Energy storage spring, 430-First hydraulic cylinder, 440-Second hydraulic cylinder, 450-Loading push plate, 460-Fine adjustment component, 461-First wedge, 462-Second wedge, 463-Drive shaft, 464-Slide groove, 470-Support component, 471-Support base, 472-Support sleeve, 473-Support rod, 474-Support spring;

[0042] 500 - Test specimen, 510 - Loading part, 520 - Wall part, 530 - Support part. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0045] In the description of this invention, "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or their sequential relationship.

[0046] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0047] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown, in a first aspect, the present invention discloses a vibration testing system for prefabricated assembled building components. The vibration testing system for prefabricated assembled building components includes a gantry frame 100, a fixing device 200, a vertical loading device 300, a horizontal loading device 400, and a control center. A test specimen 500 is placed below the gantry frame 100. The fixing device 200 is used to fix the test specimen 500 below the gantry frame 100. The upper end of the vertical loading device 300 is connected to the gantry frame 100, and the lower end of the vertical loading device 300 can apply a vertical load to the upper end of the test specimen 500. The horizontal loading device 400 is equipped with a reaction wall 410, a horizontal loading frame 420, a first hydraulic cylinder 430, a second hydraulic cylinder 440, and a loading arm. A loading push plate 450 and a reaction wall 410 are set on one side of the gantry frame 100. The horizontal loading frame 420 and the reaction wall 410 are fixedly connected. The first hydraulic cylinder 430 is fixedly connected to the horizontal loading frame 420, and the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 is rotatably connected to the loading push plate 450. The cylinder rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 440 is rotatably connected to the horizontal loading frame 420, and the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 440 is rotatably connected to the loading push plate 450. One side of the loading push plate 450 abuts against the test specimen 500. The control center includes a data acquisition unit and a controller. The data acquisition unit is used to collect the deformation generated by the test specimen 500. The data acquisition unit and the controller are electrically connected. The controller can control the action of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440.

[0048] Specifically, in this embodiment, the vibration testing system for prefabricated assembled building components includes a gantry frame 100, a fixing device 200, a vertical loading device 300, a horizontal loading device 400, and a control center. The fixing device 200 is used to fix the test specimen 500 below the gantry frame 100. The vertical loading device 300 can apply a static load in the vertical direction to the upper end of the test specimen 500. The horizontal loading device 400 is used to apply a dynamic load in the horizontal direction to one side of the test specimen 500. The control center collects the deformation generated by the test specimen 500 through a data acquisition unit and simulates seismic waves to apply loads. The horizontal loading device 400 is equipped with a reaction wall 410, a horizontal loading frame 420, a first hydraulic cylinder 430, a second hydraulic cylinder 440, and a loading push plate 450. The reaction wall 410 is located on one side of the gantry frame 100 and is used to bear the reaction force transmitted by the horizontal loading device 400, playing a balancing and supporting role to ensure stability during the loading process. The horizontal loading frame 420 is connected to the reaction wall 410. The horizontal loading frame 420 serves as the main support structure for the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440, ensuring the smooth movement of the loading push plate 450. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 is fixed to the horizontal loading frame 420, and its cylinder rod is connected to the loading push plate 450 via a rotating joint. It mainly provides horizontal driving force to assist the loading push plate 450 in achieving smooth displacement. The cylinder rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 440 is connected to the horizontal loading frame 420 via a rotating joint, and its other end is connected to the loading push plate 450. It generates a horizontal torque to adjust the contact surface between the loading push plate 450 and the test specimen, ensuring that the loading push plate 450 remains in contact with the surface of the test specimen 500 even when the specimen 500 deforms. Data collected by the data acquisition unit is fed back to the control center, further adjusting the actions of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440 to simulate various preset dynamic loads, such as seismic waves. The controller processes the data provided by the data acquisition unit, implements PID or other control algorithms, such as fuzzy logic control or adaptive control strategies, and generates operating commands for the hydraulic cylinder.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, the controller can be a computer or a PCL controller. The data acquisition unit collects data and feeds it back to the control center, which then controls the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440 to output load according to the following motion equations:

[0050]

[0051] in, x d To achieve the desired displacement of the push plate 450, θ d To load the push plate at a target angle of 450 degrees; K p ,K i , K d This is the gain parameter; the gain parameter can be determined using the Ziegler-Nichols method, the Cohen-Coon method, or other parameter tuning strategies. L 1( t () represents the extension of the first hydraulic cylinder 430, constituting... L 2( t The extension of the second hydraulic cylinder 440 is represented by the equation of motion described above. This not only simulates the impact of seismic waves on the shear wall but also ensures the continuous parallelism between the push plate and the shear wall surface under various conditions, providing accurate and reliable dynamic loading tests. The design of this mechanism, employing a dual hydraulic cylinder layout, achieves dynamic adaptation of the contact interface between the loading push plate 450 and the test specimen 500, enhancing the system's reliability and the accuracy of the test results. Through the coordinated cooperation of the dual hydraulic cylinders, the loading push plate 450, located at the end of the horizontal loading device 400, can adjust its posture according to the deformation of the test specimen 500, ensuring that the loading push plate 450 always remains parallel to the surface of the test specimen 500. This structural design improves test accuracy, reduces distortion during load transfer, and enhances system stability.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal loading frame 420 includes a first frame 421 and a second frame 422. A guide shaft 423 is provided on one side of the first frame 421. The first frame 421 and the second frame 422 are slidably connected through the guide shaft 423. An energy storage spring 424 is sleeved on the guide shaft 423. Specifically, in this embodiment, the horizontal loading frame 420 includes a first frame 421 and a second frame 422. The second frame 422 is fixed to the reaction wall 410 by high-strength bolts. The second hydraulic cylinder 440 is rotatably connected to the first frame 421. The end of the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 is rotatably connected to the first frame 421, and the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 is fixedly connected to the first frame 421 to limit the output direction of the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 430. In this embodiment, during the initial loading stage, the first frame 421 and the second frame 422 are rigidly connected. At the end of the loading process, the first frame 421 and the second frame 422 can be elastically connected. This elastic connection prevents the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440 from overloading and being damaged. Simultaneously, at the end of the loading process, when a momentary impact or unbalanced load occurs, the spring can absorb excess energy, preventing excessive vibration of the system and maintaining a stable loading process. During loading, the energy storage spring 424 absorbs excess kinetic energy in a timely manner, mitigating momentary impacts, and then releases the stored energy to push the second frame 422 to reset, promoting rapid system recovery. The flexible design of the energy storage spring 424 enables the loading frame to cope with various dynamic loads, maintaining a stable response regardless of low-frequency or high-frequency fluctuations, thus improving loading accuracy and reliability. The dual-frame design of the horizontal loading frame 420 meets the mechanical strength and durability requirements of the horizontal loading frame 420, enabling the entire horizontal loading frame 420 to meet the testing requirements of various loading modes and satisfying the high-standard testing needs of prefabricated building components. By appropriately selecting spring stiffness and other parameters, the system can achieve high efficiency, low loss, and long service life.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, a fine-tuning component 460 is provided between the first frame 421 and the second frame 422. The fine-tuning component 460 includes a first wedge 461, a second wedge 462, and a drive shaft 463. A slide groove 464 is provided on the second frame 422, and the second wedge 462 is slidably disposed in the slide groove 464. The drive shaft 463 and the second frame 422 are rotatably connected, and one end of the drive shaft 463 is threadedly connected to the second wedge 462. The first wedge 461 and the first frame 421 are fixedly connected, and the first wedge 461 abuts against the second wedge 462. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first wedge 461 is fixed on the first frame 421, forming a static reference point. The second wedge 462 is located in the slide groove 464 of the second frame 422, constituting the movable end of the fine-tuning component. The drive shaft 463 is rotatably connected to the second frame 422, and one end of the drive shaft 463 is threadedly connected to the second wedge 462, serving as a transmission medium. Rotating the drive shaft 463 manually or electrically causes the second wedge 462 to move linearly within the groove 464 due to the threaded action. The rotation of the drive shaft 463 causes the second wedge 462 to move along the groove 464, changing the contact position between the second wedge 462 and the first wedge 461, thereby altering the relative distance between the first frame 421 and the second frame 422. Specifically, in the initial state, the first wedge 461 and the second wedge 462 abut against each other, forming a rigid connection between the first frame 421 and the second frame 422. When the second wedge 462 is adjusted, the first frame 421 and the second frame 422 form an elastic connection via the guide shaft 423 and the energy storage spring 424. By adjusting the second wedge 462, the deformation of the energy storage spring 424 can be limited, thus ensuring the elastic energy storage structure is achieved without affecting the loading state.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, the energy storage spring 424 has a drum-shaped structure. Along the axial direction of the energy storage spring 424, the helical radius of the energy storage spring 424 gradually decreases from the center to both ends. The larger helical radius at the center position is conducive to storing more energy, while the smaller helical radii at both ends of the energy storage spring 424 help to release energy effectively. This transitional gradient design can optimize the energy absorption and release process, improve the overall energy storage capacity and efficiency, and the axially tapered structure can effectively disperse stress concentration. In particular, when the energy storage spring 424 is compressed, the larger radius central area bears the main load, while the two ends provide additional support. This avoids excessive stress concentration at a single point, greatly reducing the risk of fatigue fracture. In addition, the smaller helical radii at both ends of the energy storage spring 424 have a faster response speed, especially during the energy release process. This makes the drum-shaped spring perform well in dynamic loading environments, able to quickly adapt to changes, and improve the flexibility of the entire system.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal loading device 400 further includes a support assembly 470, which includes a support base 471, a support sleeve 472, a support rod 473, and a support spring 474. The support base 471 is fixedly connected to the gantry frame 100, and one end of the support sleeve 472 is rotatably connected to the support base 471. The other end of the support sleeve 472 is slidably connected to one end of the support rod 473, and the other end of the support rod 473 is rotatably connected to the first frame 421. The support spring 474 is sleeved on the support rod 473.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, the horizontal loading device 400 is provided with a reaction wall 410, a horizontal loading frame 420, a first hydraulic cylinder 430, a second hydraulic cylinder 440, a loading push plate 450, a fine-tuning component 460, and a support component 470; the horizontal loading frame 420 includes a first frame 421 and a second frame 422, a guide shaft 423 is provided on one side of the first frame 421, the first frame 421 is slidably connected to the second frame 422 through the guide shaft 423, an energy storage spring 424 is sleeved on the guide shaft 423, and one end of the energy storage spring 424 abuts against the first hydraulic cylinder 430, a second hydraulic cylinder 440, a loading push plate 450, a fine-tuning component 460, and a support component 470; The second frame 422 has a storage spring 424 at one end abutting against a baffle on the guide shaft 423. A fine-tuning component 460 is disposed between the first frame 421 and the second frame 422. The fine-tuning component 460 includes a first wedge 461, a second wedge 462, and a drive shaft 463. A slide groove 464 is provided on the second frame 422. The second wedge 462 is slidably disposed in the slide groove 464. The drive shaft 463 is rotatably connected to the second frame 422. One end of the drive shaft 463 is threadedly connected to the second wedge 462. The first wedge 461 is fixedly connected to the first frame 421. The support assembly 470 includes a support base 471, a support sleeve 472, a support rod 473, and a support spring 474. The support base 471 is fixedly connected to the gantry frame 100, and one end of the support sleeve 472 is rotatably connected to the support base 471. The other end of the support sleeve 472 is slidably connected to one end of the support rod 473, and the other end of the support rod 473 is rotatably connected to the first frame 421. The support spring 474 is sleeved on the support rod 473, with one end of the support spring 474 abutting against the support sleeve 472 and the other end abutting against a baffle on the support rod 473. In this embodiment, one end of the support assembly 470 is fixedly connected to the gantry frame 100 via the support base 471, and the other end of the support assembly 470 is rotatably connected to the first frame 421 of the horizontal loading frame 420 via a support shaft, together constructing a stable triangular support system, significantly improving the overall anti-overturning capacity and rigidity. This also reduces the problem of end-shaking in the cantilever beam type horizontal loading frame 420.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fixing device 200 includes a pressure beam 210 and a limiter 220. The pressure beam 210 is used to prevent the test specimen 500 from displacing vertically, and multiple limiters 220 are provided. The multiple limiters 220 respectively abut against the peripheral side surface of the lower end of the test specimen 500 to prevent the test specimen 500 from displacing horizontally.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, the test specimen 500 is provided with a loading part 510, a wall part 520, and a foundation support part 530 from top to bottom. During the loading experiment, a dynamic load is applied to one side of the loading part 510 by a horizontal loading device 400, and a static load is applied to the upper end of the loading part 510 by a vertical loading device 300. Before the loading experiment, the test specimen 500 needs to be fixed below the gantry frame 100. In this embodiment, the test specimen 500 is fixed by a fixing device 200. The fixing device 200 includes a pressure beam 210 and limiters 220. The pressure beam 210 is a door frame structure and is fastened to the support part 530. The pressure beam 210 is fixed to the ground by anchor bolts. This structure design can prevent the test specimen 500 from undergoing vertical displacement. Multiple limiters 220 are provided; multiple limiters 220 abut against the lower peripheral side of the test specimen 500 through multiple abutments. It can prevent the test specimen 500 from undergoing horizontal displacement. The synergistic effect of the pressure beam 210 and the limiter 220 eliminates external interference, allowing all loading forces to act entirely on the designated parts, reducing unnecessary losses and deviations in the loading load, and improving the accuracy of the loading test.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, the limiter 220 includes a limit base 221, a limit baffle 222, a first push rod 223, and a preload spring 224. The limit base 221 and the limit baffle 222 are slidably connected, the first push rod 223 is threadedly connected to the limit base 221, one end of the first push rod 223 passes through the limit base 221 and the limit baffle 222 for rotatable connection, and the preload spring 224 is sleeved on the first push rod 223. In this embodiment, the limit baffle 222 abuts against the side of the lower end of the test specimen 500, and the preload spring 224 can prevent vibration from causing the first push rod 223 to rotate autonomously, thereby improving the limiting and fixing effect.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the vertical loading device 300 includes an adjusting frame 310, a lifting base 320, a first support frame 330, a second support frame 340, a hydraulic jack 350, and a loading box beam 360; the adjusting frame 310 and the gantry frame 100 are slidably connected; a second push rod 321 is provided on the lifting base 320, and a return spring 322 is provided on the second push rod 321; the second push rod 321 and the adjusting frame 310 are slidably connected; the first support frame 330 and the second support frame 340 are rotatably connected. Then, one end of the first support frame 330 is rotatably connected to the lifting base 320, and the other end of the first support frame 330 is rotatably connected to the loading box beam 360; one end of the second support frame 340 is slidably connected to the lifting base 320, and the other end of the second support frame 340 is slidably connected to the loading box beam 360; one end of the hydraulic jack 350 is rotatably connected to the lifting base 320, and the other end of the hydraulic jack 350 is rotatably connected to the first support frame 330; the loading box beam 360 abuts against the upper end of the test specimen 500.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, the adjusting frame 310 is slidably connected to the gantry 100, allowing for longitudinal position adjustment. The lifting base 320 is equipped with a second push rod 321 and a return spring 322. During the loading test, the upper end of the second push rod 321 abuts against the lower end of the gantry 100, forming a rigid connection. After the loading test is completed, the return spring 322 allows the second push rod 321 to contact the gantry 100, enabling the adjusting frame 310 to slide freely on the gantry 100. The first support frame 330 and the second support frame 340 are rotatably connected to form a scissor-like structure. By controlling the extension of the first support frame 330 with a hydraulic jack 350, the angle of the first support frame 330 and the second support frame 340 can be controlled, thereby stably providing a static load to the upper end of the test specimen 500. In this embodiment, the lower end of the box girder is open and covers the upper end of the test specimen 500. The design of this structure ensures uniform load distribution and avoids the problem of uneven local stress.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present invention, the data acquisition unit includes a force sensor, an angle sensor, a displacement measurement sensor, and a crack observation component.

[0063] Specifically, in this embodiment, the vibration testing system for prefabricated assembled building components includes a vertical loading device 300, a horizontal loading device 400, and a control center. The control center includes a data acquisition unit and a controller. The data acquisition unit includes a force sensor, an angle sensor, a displacement measurement sensor, and a crack observation component. The vertical loading device 300 is equipped with a loading box beam 360, and the horizontal loading device 400 is equipped with a first hydraulic cylinder 430, a second hydraulic cylinder 440, and a loading push plate 450. The first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440 are rotatably connected to the upper and lower ends of the loading push plate 450, respectively. While applying dynamic load, the angle of the loading push plate 450 is adjusted by detecting the deformation of the test specimen 500. The test specimen 500 is provided with a loading part 510, a wall part 520, and a foundation support part 530 from top to bottom. The lower end of the loading box beam 360 is open, and the loading box beam 360 is fastened to the loading part 510. Force sensors are installed on the loading push plate 450 and the loading box beam 360 to collect load information in real time. In this embodiment, the force sensor is a TE Connectivity FSM / FSS series sensor, which has a compact structure and can be directly installed in confined spaces, making it suitable for stress monitoring of building structures. Angle sensors are installed on the loading push plate 450 to detect its attitude. Specifically, the angle sensor is a Honeywell ASC710 series sensor, which provides non-contact angle measurement, monitoring rotational motion without physical contact, and is particularly suitable for long-term stable operation in harsh environments. Displacement measurement sensors are distributed on the surface of the wall section 520 to detect the overall attitude and stress state of the wall section 520. Specifically, the displacement measurement sensors can be HBM X4 / Y4 series sensors. HBM's X4 / Y4 series patch displacement sensors use thin-film resistor technology to provide highly accurate strain and displacement measurements, suitable for health monitoring of bridges, buildings, and other large structures. The crack observation component includes a CCD high-speed camera, which, combined with advanced LabVIEW image analysis software, forms a crack monitoring system. It can capture the minute crack patterns on the surface of the wall section 520 and automatically identify and quantify parameters such as crack width and length using algorithms, achieving visual monitoring of the overall posture of the wall section 520. This method is more accurate than traditional manual measurement, significantly improving the reliability and timeliness of the data.

[0064] Secondly, this invention discloses a control method for a vibration testing system applied to prefabricated assembled building components, specifically including the following steps:

[0065] S01: Initialization and Fixing; Fix the test specimen 500 under the gantry 100 using the fixing device 200, and confirm the measurement baseline; simultaneously start the system and execute the self-test program to ensure that all components are operating normally. Calibrate the data acquisition unit. In this step, the tester must securely fix the prefabricated building component under the gantry 100 to ensure that the test specimen 500 does not experience unnecessary displacement during the entire test. At the same time, start the entire test system and execute a comprehensive self-test program to ensure that the force sensor, angle sensor, displacement measurement sensor, and crack observation component are in normal working condition. This step, through the calibration of the data acquisition unit, eliminates potential error sources and ensures that all subsequently collected data is accurate.

[0066] S02: Based on the initial fixation completion, vertical loading is performed; a vertical force is applied to the test specimen 500 through the vertical loading device 300; in this step, the tester operates the vertical loading device 300 to apply a vertical force to the specimen, simulating the static load brought by the superstructure. Simultaneously, the load-bearing capacity of the test specimen 500 under the influence of gravity, as well as related deformation, are detected.

[0067] S03: Based on the completion of vertical loading, horizontal loading is performed; a horizontal force is applied to the test specimen 500 through the horizontal loading device 400; in this step, the horizontal loading device 400 is activated to apply a horizontal load to the test specimen 500 to simulate the seismic effect. This step evaluates the seismic resistance performance of building components by introducing lateral dynamic loads.

[0068] S04: Real-time monitoring and acquisition of displacement and force data of test specimen 500; adjustment of the loading amount of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and the second hydraulic cylinder 440; control of the loading push plate 450 to always remain parallel to the surface of the test specimen 500; in this step, abnormal signs are identified by real-time monitoring of the data stream. By setting a threshold, loading is automatically paused, an alarm is activated, and the system enters standby mode.

[0069] S05: Test complete. Adjust the horizontal loading device 400 and vertical loading device 300 to their initial positions sequentially. After the test, staff will gradually restore the horizontal loading device 400 and vertical loading device 300 to their starting positions according to the established procedure, preparing for the next test. Furthermore, the system will organize all data from this test and store it in the database for later in-depth analysis and report compilation.

[0070] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration test system for a prefabricated building component, characterized in that The utility model relates to a test device for testing the bearing capacity of test test piece, which comprises: a gantry (100) with a test test piece (500) placed below the gantry (100); a fixing device (200) for fixing the test test piece (500) below the gantry (100); a vertical loading device (300) with an upper end connected to the gantry (100) and a lower end capable of applying a vertical load to an upper end of the test test piece (500); a horizontal loading device (400) provided with a counterforce wall (410), a horizontal loading rack (420), a first hydraulic cylinder (430), a second hydraulic cylinder (440), and a loading push plate (450); the counterforce wall (410) is arranged on one side of the gantry (100), and the horizontal loading rack (420) is fixedly connected to the counterforce wall (410); the first hydraulic cylinder (430) is fixedly connected to the horizontal loading rack (420), and a cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder (430) is rotatably connected to the loading push plate (450); a cylinder rod of the second hydraulic cylinder (440) is rotatably connected to the horizontal loading rack (420), a cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder (440) is rotatably connected to the loading push plate (450), and one side of the loading push plate (450) abuts against the test test piece (500); a control center comprising a data acquisition unit and a controller, the data acquisition unit being used to acquire deformation generated by the test test piece (500), and the data acquisition unit and the controller being electrically connected; the controller can control the first hydraulic cylinder (430) and the second hydraulic cylinder (440) to act; the horizontal loading rack (420) comprises a first rack body (421) and a second rack body (422), one side of the first rack body (421) is provided with a guide shaft (423), the first rack body (421) is slidably connected to the second rack body (422) through the guide shaft (423), and an energy storage spring (424) is sleeved on the guide shaft (423).

2. The vibration test system of the prefabricated building component according to claim 1, characterized in that, a fine adjustment assembly (460) is arranged between the first rack body (421) and the second rack body (422), the fine adjustment assembly (460) comprises a first wedge block (461), a second wedge block (462), and a driving shaft (463), the second rack body (422) is provided with a sliding groove (464), the second wedge block (462) is slidably arranged in the sliding groove (464), the driving shaft (463) is rotatably connected to the second rack body (422), one end of the driving shaft (463) is threadedly connected to the second wedge block (462); the first wedge block (461) is fixedly connected to the first rack body (421); and the first wedge block (461) abuts against the second wedge block (462).

3. The vibration test system of the prefabricated building component according to claim 1, characterized in that, the energy storage spring (424) has a drum-shaped structure.

4. The vibration test system of the prefabricated building component according to claim 1, wherein, The horizontal loading device (400) further comprises a support assembly (470), the support assembly (470) comprises a support base (471), a support sleeve (472), a support rod (473) and a support spring (474); the support base (471) is fixedly connected with the gantry (100), one end of the support sleeve (472) is rotatably connected with the support base (471); the other end of the support sleeve (472) is slidably connected with one end of the support rod (473), the other end of the support rod (473) is rotatably connected with the first frame body (421); the support spring (474) is sleeved on the support rod (473).

5. The vibration test system of the prefabricated building component according to claim 1, wherein, The fixing device (200) comprises a pressing beam (210) and a plurality of limiters (220), the pressing beam (210) is used for preventing the test sample (500) from generating displacement in the vertical direction, and the plurality of limiters (220) are arranged on the lower end of the test sample (500) and are used for preventing the test sample (500) from generating displacement in the horizontal direction.

6. The vibration test system of the prefabricated building component according to claim 5, wherein, The limiter (220) comprises a limiting base (221), a limiting baffle (222), a first jacking rod (223) and a pre-tightening spring (224), the limiting base (221) is slidably connected with the limiting baffle (222), the first jacking rod (223) is threadedly connected with the limiting base (221), one end of the first jacking rod (223) is rotatably connected with the limiting base (221) and the limiting baffle (222), and the pre-tightening spring (224) is sleeved on the first jacking rod (223). 7.The vibration test system of the prefabricated building component according to claim 1, wherein, The vertical loading device (300) comprises an adjusting frame (310), a lifting base (320), a first support frame (330), a second support frame (340), a hydraulic jack (350) and a loading box beam (360); the adjusting frame (310) is slidably connected with the gantry (100), the lifting base (320) is provided with a second jacking rod (321), the second jacking rod (321) is provided with a return spring (322), and the second jacking rod (321) is slidably connected with the adjusting frame (310); the first support frame (330) and the second support frame (340) are rotatably connected, one end of the first support frame (330) is rotatably connected with the lifting base (320), and the other end of the first support frame (330) is rotatably connected with the loading box beam (360); one end of the second support frame (340) is slidably connected with the lifting base (320), and the other end of the second support frame (340) is slidably connected with the loading box beam (360); one end of the hydraulic jack (350) is rotatably connected with the lifting base (320), the other end of the hydraulic jack (350) is rotatably connected with the first support frame (330), and the loading box beam (360) abuts against the upper end of the test sample (500). 8.The vibration test system of the prefabricated building component according to claim 1, wherein, The data acquisition unit comprises a force sensor, an angle sensor, a displacement measurement sensor and a crack observation assembly.

9. A control method of a vibration test system of a prefabricated building component according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The control method comprises the following steps: S01: initialization fixing; the test specimen (500) is fixed below the gantry (100) through the fixing device (200), and a measurement reference line is confirmed; S02: based on the completion of the initialization fixing, vertical loading is performed; the test specimen (500) is subjected to a vertical force through the vertical loading device (300); S03: based on the completion of the vertical loading, horizontal loading is performed; the test specimen (500) is subjected to a horizontal force through the horizontal loading device (400); S04: displacement and force data of the test specimen (500) are monitored and collected in real time, the loading amount of the first hydraulic cylinder (430) and the second hydraulic cylinder (440) is adjusted, and the loading push plate (450) is controlled to always keep parallel to the surface of the test specimen (500); S05: after the test is completed, the horizontal loading device (400) and the vertical loading device (300) are adjusted into the initial state in sequence.

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