Automatic dynamic measurement method and device for long-term forest ecological hydrology water volume

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic dynamic measurement method and device for long-term forest eco-hydrology water volume in the technical field of eco-hydrology water volume measurement, and the method comprises the specific steps: 1, selecting a measurement point, building a sample plot according to a standard, and selecting a plurality of experiment points meeting conditions in the sample plot; 2, installing a water quantity monitoring device at the experiment point meeting the condition; 3, measuring the trunk runoff, the penetration precipitation, the water content of a surface fallen leaf layer and the soil water content of the forest in a preset time period by using a water quantity monitoring device, and recording a drainage time point; and 4, calculating the flow velocity, the total flow and the forest water conservation amount according to the measured data. The device is convenient and practical, penetrating rainfall is intercepted and measured through the plastic film, stem flow is intercepted and detected through the runoff ring, the fixing claws are continuously pushed to enter a tree trunk through the telescopic connecting rods by means of the gravity of water in the water measuring cylinder to fix the whole device, and the data quality stability of long-term hydrological water volume measurement and the safety of the device are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecohydrology and water quantity measurement, and in particular relates to a long-term forest ecohydrology and water quantity automatic dynamic measurement method and device. Background Art

[0002] As Earth's largest terrestrial ecosystem, forests play a vital role in maintaining global water balance, regulating climate, and protecting biodiversity through their internal hydrological processes, including precipitation, interception, infiltration, evaporation, transpiration, and surface and subsurface runoff. In-depth research on forest hydrological processes will help reveal how forests respond to climate change and provide a scientific basis for developing effective forest management and conservation strategies.

[0003] Traditional manual measurement and hydrological observation methods, such as fixed-point observations using instruments like rain gauges, water level gauges, and current meters, are not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also subject to multiple factors, such as weather, terrain, and operator skills. This makes it difficult to guarantee the quality and continuity of long-term measurements. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method and device for the automated dynamic measurement of forest ecohydrological water quantities that can be deployed in the field for extended periods of time and provide stable measurement quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a long-term forest eco-hydrological water quantity automatic dynamic measurement method and device, which intercepts and measures penetrating precipitation through a plastic film, intercepts and detects trunk runoff through a runoff ring fixed on the trunk, and uses a telescopic connecting rod to utilize the gravity of the water in the water measuring cylinder to continuously push the fixed claw into the trunk to fix the entire device, thereby improving the data quality stability of long-term hydrological and water quantity measurements and the safety of the device.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a method for automatically and dynamically measuring long-term forest eco-hydrology and water quantity, comprising the following specific steps:

[0006] Step 1: Select the measurement point, establish the sample plot according to the standard, select several experimental points that meet the conditions within the sample plot, and install several support rods at the experimental points to support the water monitoring device;

[0007] Step 2: Install runoff water meters in the water monitoring device at equal heights on several trees at the experimental site that meet the requirements, fill the gaps between the runoff water meters and the trees with fillers, weld frames between adjacent runoff water meters, weld the tops of the support poles to the runoff water meters, lay plastic film between the frames, and horizontally lay elastic nets above the plastic film between the frames, install a penetration water meter in the water monitoring device in the center of the plastic film, hinge a telescopic connecting rod between the penetration water meter and the runoff water meter, fix the controller to the penetration water meter, install a solar panel in an open area in the forest, and connect the solar panel, support pole, runoff water meter, and penetration water meter to the controller;

[0008] Step 3: Use a water monitoring device to measure the tree trunk runoff, throughfall, leaf litter moisture content, and soil moisture content of the forest during a preset time period, and record the drainage time point;

[0009] Step 4: The single trunk runoff velocity and throughflow velocity are obtained by the following formula:

[0010]

[0011] Where Δt is the time interval between water meter discharges;

[0012] The total trunk runoff velocity is the single trunk runoff volume multiplied by the total number of trees in the sample plot. The total throughflow velocity is obtained by the following formula:

[0013]

[0014] The total trunk runoff and total throughflow precipitation are obtained by the following formula:

[0015] Total trunk runoff / total throughfall flow = total trunk runoff velocity / total throughfall velocity × preset time

[0016] The water conservation capacity of a forest is approximately the total trunk runoff plus the total throughfall precipitation.

[0017] The principle of the basic scheme is: through the long-term monitoring of tree trunk runoff and throughfall by water monitoring devices arranged in the forest, the interception rate of the sample site can be calculated from the sum of the two, thereby obtaining the forest water conservation capacity and enhancing the data quality stability of long-term hydrological and water quantity measurements.

[0018] The basic solution has the following benefits: 1. By using highly accurate, automated water monitoring devices, key hydrological parameters such as tree runoff and throughfall can be continuously monitored in real time, significantly improving data accuracy and reliability. Automated monitoring avoids the errors and uncertainties associated with manual measurement, reduces human interference with the data, and makes the data more objective and reliable.

[0019] 2. This method enables long-term, continuous monitoring of forest hydrological processes, capturing their dynamic changes and seasonal fluctuations, providing rich data support for a deeper understanding of the forest hydrological cycle. Analysis of this data reveals how precipitation is intercepted and redistributed by the forest canopy, as well as the distribution and transformation of precipitation on the ground after it penetrates the canopy, offering new perspectives and insights for forest ecohydrology research.

[0020] 3. Long-term, accurate hydrological data monitoring helps assess the health and stability of forest ecosystems, providing an important basis for formulating scientific and rational forest management and conservation strategies. By analyzing hydrological data, potential problems and risks in forest ecosystems, such as declining water conservation capacity and increased soil erosion, can be identified, providing early warning and guidance for the timely implementation of effective conservation measures.

[0021] 4. Understanding key hydrological parameters, such as forest water conservation capacity, helps assess the water resource value and ecological service functions of forests, providing a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of forest resources. By optimizing forest management and protection strategies, we can ensure the sustainable use of forest resources and achieve the coordinated development of economic, ecological, and social benefits.

[0022] Furthermore, the experimental points that meet the conditions in step 1 are those that have at least 3 trees within a circle with a radius of 3 meters, and there are no other trees blocking the line between any two trees.

[0023] The basic approach offers the following benefits: 1. Careful selection of experimental sites ensures that each site represents the typical characteristics of tree distribution and hydrological exchange within the plot. The requirement of at least three trees within a 3-meter radius ensures a stable support structure for the water volume monitoring device. Using natural trees as support reduces the cost of device construction and the impact of measurement on the environment.

[0024] 2. The line connecting any two trees is clear of other trees, avoiding measurement interference caused by dense trees. This setup ensures that the water monitoring device can be fully extended between the tree trunks, facilitating calculation of the area between frames and accurately measuring penetrating precipitation.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 2, after installation, the bottom of the water penetration meter is at least 2 meters above the ground.

[0026] The benefits of the basic solution are: 1. Keeping the bottom of the penetrating water meter at a certain height above the ground can effectively prevent the direct impact of ground debris, vegetation, small animals, etc. on the water meter over a long period of time. This helps reduce measurement errors caused by ground factors and improves data accuracy.

[0027] 2. The higher installation position makes the penetrating water meter less susceptible to interference from environmental factors such as ground vibration and soil moisture changes. This helps maintain the stability of the measurement process and ensures the continuity and reliability of the data.

[0028] 3. Installing the water meter at a higher position can reduce the risk of damage caused by human activities (such as trampling, etc.). This helps protect the measuring equipment and extend its service life.

[0029] Furthermore, a long-term forest eco-hydrological water quantity automatic dynamic measurement device, that is, the water quantity monitoring device in step one, includes several trees, several runoff water meters are fixedly connected to the trees respectively, adjacent runoff water meters are fixedly connected by a frame, the outer periphery of the runoff water meter away from the frame is fixedly connected to the corresponding support rod, the support rod is inclined away from the tree trunk and penetrates into the soil, plastic film is laid between the frames, a penetration water meter is fixedly connected to the center of the plastic film, an elastic net is laid horizontally between the frames, a rope is fixedly connected between the center of the elastic net and the penetration water meter, a fixing groove is opened on the side of the runoff water meter close to the plastic film, a fixing claw is hinged on the top of the fixing groove, the fixing claw is hinged to the telescopic connecting rod above the hinge point of the fixing groove, the telescopic connecting rod is hinged to the penetrating water meter at one end away from the fixing groove, a controller is fixedly connected to the side wall of the penetrating water meter, and the controller is electrically connected to the runoff water meter, the penetrating water meter and the support rod.

[0030] The basic solution offers the following benefits: 1. The runoff meter, fixed to the tree, ensures accurate measurement of runoff from the tree trunk. Precipitation data collected by the runoff meter accurately reflects the interception and redistribution of precipitation by the forest canopy. The penetration meter, however, precisely measures the amount of precipitation that penetrates the canopy and reaches the surface, providing critical data for assessing the forest's water conservation capacity.

[0031] 2. Adjacent runoff meters are connected by a fixed frame, forming a stable support structure that effectively prevents equipment damage caused by external factors such as wind and animal activity. The support poles are tilted away from the tree trunks and deep into the soil, which not only provides additional stability but also reduces the impact of tree roots on the detection instruments on the support poles.

[0032] 3. The controller is electrically connected to the runoff meter, penetrating water meter, and support rod, enabling automatic data collection, processing, and storage. This greatly simplifies the measurement process and improves work efficiency. Through intelligent management, changes in forest hydrological processes can be monitored in real time, providing timely and accurate data support for scientific research and management decisions.

[0033] 4. The elastic net and rope design in the device allows the penetrating water meter to drive the elastic net to rebound, reducing the accumulation of debris on the plastic film and the penetrating water meter, ensuring accurate measurement of penetrating precipitation. The telescopic connecting rod setting stabilizes the penetrating water meter, and pressing the fixing claw into the tree trunk also stabilizes the runoff water meter, ensuring the overall safety of the device.

[0034] Furthermore, the runoff water meters all include a runoff ring, which is fixedly connected to the tree, and the gap between the runoff ring and the tree is filled with filler. An annular groove is opened in the middle of the top wall of the runoff ring, and an annular measuring cylinder is slidably connected in the annular groove. The bottom of the annular measuring cylinder is connected to a runoff drainage valve, and a number of runoff springs are fixedly connected between the outer edge of the top of the annular measuring cylinder and the inner edge of the bottom of the annular groove. A first trigger switch is fixedly connected between the outer edge of the top of the annular measuring cylinder and the inner wall of the annular groove. The first trigger switch is used to trigger the opening of the runoff drainage valve by the descending annular measuring cylinder. The fixed groove is opened on the side wall of the annular measuring cylinder close to the plastic film. The first trigger switch and the runoff drainage valve are connected to the controller signal.

[0035] The benefits of the basic solution are as follows: 1. The runoff ring is securely connected to the tree, and the gap between them is filled with a filler. This ensures that runoff water flows accurately into the annular groove, reducing water loss and errors. The filler also provides a sealing and fixing function, enhancing the stability and durability of the device.

[0036] 2. The sliding ring-shaped graduated cylinder in the annular groove can be lowered as the water volume increases, thus reflecting the change of runoff water volume in real time. The runoff drain valve at the bottom of the annular graduated cylinder facilitates the rapid discharge of water after the measurement is completed, making it convenient for the next measurement.

[0037] 3. The runoff spring provides stable support for the annular graduated cylinder and ensures its sensitive response to changes in water volume. The first trigger switch is connected to the controller signal. When the water volume reaches the preset value, it can automatically trigger the drainage and record the time data, improving the automation and intelligent level of measurement.

[0038] Furthermore, the penetration water meter includes a focusing ring, the outer periphery of the focusing ring is fixedly connected to the plastic film, a water measuring cylinder is slidably connected inside the focusing ring, the bottom of the water measuring cylinder is connected to a penetration drain valve, the top of the water measuring cylinder is fixedly connected to a rope, a focusing spring is fixedly connected between the outer edge of the top of the water measuring cylinder and the inner edge of the bottom of the focusing ring, the outer edge of the top of the water measuring cylinder is fixedly connected to a second trigger switch located in the focusing ring, the second trigger switch is used to trigger the opening of the penetration drain valve by the descending water measuring cylinder, the outer wall of the water measuring cylinder is hinged to the telescopic connecting rod, and the second trigger switch and the penetration drain valve are both connected to the controller signal.

[0039] The benefits of the basic solution are: 1. The water penetration meter has a rational structural design, which facilitates inspection, maintenance, and replacement of the equipment. Furthermore, the electrical connection between the controller and each component also facilitates remote monitoring and troubleshooting.

[0040] 2. The water measuring cylinder is slidably connected inside the central ring and can descend as the water volume increases. During the descent, the telescopic connecting rod is pulled down to press the fixed claw into the tree, thereby enhancing the stability of the entire water volume monitoring device and avoiding damage to the device or fluctuations in measurement data due to structural strength during long-term field monitoring.

[0041] 3. Penetrating water meters provide long-term, continuous, and accurate hydrological data, providing a valuable resource for forest ecohydrological research. Analyzing this data can provide insights into forest hydrological cycles and assess the health and stability of forest ecosystems.

[0042] Furthermore, the support poles are at least 3 meters deep into the ground, and several moisture detectors are fixedly connected to the support poles. Adjacent moisture detectors are one meter apart, and the highest moisture detector is set in the surface leaf litter layer. The moisture detectors are all connected to the controller signal.

[0043] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: 1. The support rods are at least 3 meters deep into the ground. This design ensures that the measurement system can maintain sufficient stability when facing natural factors such as wind and rainfall, and prevents equipment damage or data errors caused by external forces.

[0044] 2. Several moisture detectors are fixedly connected to the support poles, and adjacent moisture detectors are one meter apart. This layout enables the measurement system to cover different depths of the soil and achieve comprehensive monitoring of soil moisture.

[0045] 3. The highest moisture detector is set on the surface leaf litter layer, which can monitor the moisture status of the surface leaf litter layer in real time, providing important data for evaluating the hydrological cycle of the forest surface.

[0046] 4. The moisture detector continuously monitors changes in soil moisture and transmits the data to the controller for recording and analysis. This design enables researchers to obtain long-term soil moisture data, providing a foundation for in-depth research on forest hydrological processes.

[0047] Furthermore, the water volume monitoring device also includes a solar panel, which is arranged in an open area and is used to provide power for the long-term automatic dynamic measurement of water volume by the water volume monitoring device. The solar panel is electrically connected to the controller.

[0048] The benefits of the basic solution are as follows: 1. Solar panels can continuously power the water monitoring device, ensuring long-term stable operation even in remote areas or areas with limited electricity supply. This greatly expands the device's applicability, enabling long-term monitoring in a variety of locations.

[0049] 2. Powered by solar panels, the water monitoring device no longer relies on an external power source, reducing the risk of measurement errors and data loss due to power supply interruptions or instability.

[0050] 3. The use of solar panels is in line with the current trend of green, low-carbon, and sustainable development. By utilizing renewable energy, the water monitoring device not only monitors forest hydrology but also demonstrates its effectiveness as a green technology.

[0051] Furthermore, a timing chip is provided in the controller for recording the drainage time of the runoff water meter and the penetration water meter.

[0052] The basic solution has the following benefits: the timing chip accurately records the drainage time of runoff and throughflow meters, which is crucial for calculating parameters such as water volume and forest conservation capacity. Accurate timing allows for more accurate water volume data, avoiding errors caused by inaccurate time recording.

[0053] Furthermore, a storage device is provided in the controller for storing detection data of the moisture detector and drainage time data.

[0054] The benefits of the basic solution are: 1. The storage device can store the moisture meter's test data and drainage time data for a long time, and the data will not be lost even in the event of a power outage or device shutdown. This ensures data integrity and traceability, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent data analysis and research.

[0055] 2. The large amount of stored data provides rich material for data analysis. By analyzing historical data, we can reveal the laws of water volume changes, predict future water volume trends, and provide a scientific basis for water resource management and scheduling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 This is an axonometric diagram of the long-term forest eco-hydrology and water quantity automatic dynamic measurement device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 It is a side sectional view of the long-term forest eco-hydrology and water quantity automatic dynamic measurement device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 3 This is a top view of the long-term forest eco-hydrology and water volume automatic dynamic measurement device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. tree; 2. support rod; 3. annular measuring cylinder; 4. runoff ring; 5. frame; 6. plastic film; 7. elastic net; 8. rope; 9. controller; 10. telescopic link; 11. fixing claw; 12. filler; 13. first trigger switch; 14. runoff spring; 15. runoff drain valve; 16. focusing ring; 17. second trigger switch; 18. focusing spring; 19. water measuring cylinder; 20. penetration drain valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0061] Example 1

[0062] Basically as attached Figure 1 、 Figure 2 Shown: A long-term forest eco-hydrological water quantity automatic dynamic measurement method, the specific steps are:

[0063] Step 1: Select a measurement point, establish a sample plot according to the standard, select several qualified experimental points in the sample plot, and install several support poles 2 at the experimental points to support the water monitoring device; a qualified experimental point means that there are at least 3 trees 1 within a circle with a radius of 3 meters, and there are no other trees 1 blocking the line between any two trees 1.

[0064] Step 2: Install the runoff water meters in the water monitoring device at the same height on several trees 1 at the experimental points that meet the conditions, and use the filler 12 to fill the gap between the runoff water meters and the trees 1, weld the frames 5 between adjacent runoff water meters, weld the top of the support rod 2 to the runoff water meter, lay a plastic film 6 between the frames 5, and horizontally lay the elastic net 7 above the plastic film 6 between the frames 5, install the penetration water meter in the water monitoring device in the center of the plastic film 6, hinge the telescopic connecting rod 10 between the penetration water meter and the runoff water meter, fix the controller 9 to the penetration water meter, and install the solar panel in the open area of ​​the forest, connect the solar panel, the support rod 2, the runoff water meter and the penetration water meter to the controller 9, and after the installation is completed, the bottom of the penetration water meter is not less than 2 meters from the ground.

[0065] Step three: Use a water monitoring device to measure the forest's trunk runoff, throughfall, surface leaf litter moisture, and soil moisture during a preset time period, and record drainage time points.

[0066] Step 4: The single trunk runoff velocity and throughflow velocity are obtained by the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] Where Δt is the time interval between water meter discharges;

[0069] The total trunk runoff velocity is the single trunk runoff volume multiplied by the total number of trees in the sample plot. The total throughflow velocity is obtained by the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] The total trunk runoff and total throughflow precipitation are obtained by the following formula:

[0072] Total trunk runoff / total throughfall flow = total trunk runoff velocity / total throughfall velocity × preset time

[0073] The water conservation capacity of a forest is approximately the total trunk runoff plus the total throughfall precipitation.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown: a long-term forest eco-hydrological water quantity automatic dynamic measurement device, that is, the water quantity monitoring device in step one, including several trees 1, runoff water meters are fixedly connected to the trees 1 respectively, adjacent runoff water meters are fixedly connected by a frame 5, the outer periphery of the runoff water meter away from the frame 5 is fixedly connected to the corresponding support rod 2, the support rod 2 is tilted away from the tree trunk and penetrates into the soil, the support rod 2 is at least 3 meters deep into the ground, and several moisture detectors are fixedly connected to the support rod 2, the adjacent moisture detectors are one meter apart, and the highest moisture detector is set in the surface leaf litter layer, plastic film 6 is laid between the frames 5, and a penetrating water meter is fixedly connected to the center of the plastic film 6, and the frames 5 are horizontally laid An elastic net 7 is provided, and a rope 8 is fixedly connected between the center of the elastic net 7 and the penetration water meter. A fixing groove is provided on the side of the runoff water meter close to the plastic film 6, and a fixing claw 11 is hinged on the top of the fixing groove. The fixing claw 11 is hinged to the telescopic connecting rod 10 above the hinge point of the fixing groove, and the end of the telescopic connecting rod 10 away from the fixed groove is hinged to the penetration water meter. The controller 9 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the penetration water meter, and the controller 9 is electrically connected to the runoff water meter, the penetration water meter and the moisture detector. A timing chip is provided in the controller 9 for recording the drainage time of the runoff water meter and the penetration water meter. A storage device is provided in the controller 9 for storing the detection data and drainage time data of the moisture detector.

[0076] The runoff water meter includes a runoff ring 4, which is fixedly connected to the tree 1, and the gap between the runoff ring 4 and the tree 1 is filled with a filler 12. An annular groove is opened in the middle of the top wall of the runoff ring 4, and an annular measuring cylinder 3 is slidably connected in the annular groove. The bottom of the annular measuring cylinder 3 is connected to a runoff drain valve 15, and a number of runoff springs 14 are fixedly connected between the top outer edge of the annular measuring cylinder 3 and the bottom inner edge of the annular groove. A first trigger switch 13 is fixedly connected between the top outer edge of the annular measuring cylinder 3 and the inner wall of the annular groove. The first trigger switch 13 is used to trigger the opening of the runoff drain valve 15 by the descending annular measuring cylinder 3. The fixed groove is opened on the side wall of the annular measuring cylinder 3 close to the plastic film 6. The first trigger switch 13 and the runoff drain valve 15 are connected to the controller 9 by signal.

[0077] The penetration water meter includes a focusing ring 16, the outer periphery of the focusing ring 16 is fixedly connected to the plastic film 6, a water measuring cylinder 19 is slidably connected inside the focusing ring 16, the bottom of the water measuring cylinder 19 is connected to a penetration drain valve 20, the top of the water measuring cylinder 19 is fixedly connected to the rope 8, a focusing spring 18 is fixedly connected between the outer edge of the top of the water measuring cylinder 19 and the inner edge of the bottom of the focusing ring 16, the outer edge of the top of the water measuring cylinder 19 is fixedly connected to a second trigger switch 17 located in the focusing ring 16, the second trigger switch 17 is used to trigger the opening of the penetration drain valve 20 by the descending water measuring cylinder 19, the outer wall of the water measuring cylinder 19 is hinged to the telescopic connecting rod 10, and the second trigger switch 17 and the penetration drain valve 20 are both connected to the controller 9 signal.

[0078] The water volume monitoring device further includes a solar panel, which is arranged in an open area and is used to provide power for the long-term automatic dynamic measurement of water volume by the water volume monitoring device. The solar panel is electrically connected to the controller 9 .

[0079] The specific implementation process is as follows: select experimental points in the sample plot, and there must be enough trees 1 at the experimental points to support the water monitoring device. After the water monitoring device is installed, the bottom of the water meter must be no less than 2 meters from the ground to prevent animals or plants on the ground from affecting the stability of the water monitoring device, reduce the probability of accidental damage to the water monitoring device, and improve the safety of long-term water measurement. Solar panels installed in open areas of the forest charge and store electricity for the water monitoring device to ensure the normal progress of long-term forest hydrological and water measurement work.

[0080] When it rains in the forest, the rain falls on the tree crown, a small part of which is intercepted by the tree crown, a part of which flows downward along the trunk to form trunk runoff, and a part of which penetrates the tree crown to become penetrating rainfall (forest rainfall). When the trunk runoff flows to the water monitoring device, it is blocked by the runoff ring 4 and flows into the annular groove along the surface of the filler 12, and finally accumulates in the annular measuring cylinder 3. During the accumulation process, the weight of the annular measuring cylinder 3 increases and compresses the runoff spring 14 until it accumulates to a preset amount. The first trigger switch 13 on the outer edge of the annular measuring cylinder 3 opens the runoff drain valve 15, thereby quickly discharging the preset accumulated water amount. At this time, the controller 9 records the drainage time point through the timing chip until the next time the water in the annular measuring cylinder 3 accumulates to a preset amount and starts to drain. The controller 9 records the drainage time point. The preset water amount divided by the difference between the two time points is the average runoff water accumulation rate. The number of drainage times in the preset time period multiplied by the preset amount of the annular measuring cylinder 3 is the trunk runoff of a single tree 1.

[0081] The penetrating rainfall falls on the plastic film 6 laid between the frames 5, is concentrated by the curvature of the plastic film 6 to the position of the concentration ring 16 and flows into the water measuring cylinder 19. The water measuring cylinder 19 accumulates the penetrating water and slides in the concentration ring 16 to compress the concentration spring 18 until the outer edge of the top of the water measuring cylinder 19 triggers the second trigger switch 17 and opens the penetrating drainage valve 20. During the descent of the water measuring cylinder 19, the water measuring cylinder 19 pulls the rope 8 and the center of the elastic net 7 to descend and at the same time pulls the angle of the telescopic connecting rod 10 on the side wall to change, and the telescopic connecting rod 10 presses down the fixed claw 11 to pierce the claw tip Enter the tree 1 to provide support for the runoff water meter. After the accumulated water is discharged, the water cylinder 19 returns to its position, causing the telescopic link 10 to return to its position, and the center of the elastic net 7 rebounds to shake off the debris accumulated on the elastic net 7 and out of the range of the plastic film 6. Each time the telescopic link 10 is pressed down, it can provide power to the fixed claw 11 to reinforce the runoff water meter. When the through-drain valve 20 is opened, the timing chip in the controller 9 records the time. The preset water volume in the water cylinder 19 divided by the time difference between the two drainages can obtain the average accumulation rate of through-drain precipitation within the area of ​​the frame 5.

[0082] On this basis, the support rods 2 outside the runoff ring 4 penetrate deep into the ground to provide sufficient stability for the runoff ring 4. The moisture detector on the support rod 2 detects the changes in soil moisture content in different depth strata and the changes in moisture content in the surface fallen leaves. It mainly cooperates with the changes in tree trunk runoff and penetrating rainfall to study the changes in soil water retention capacity. All time point data and moisture content data are stored in the storage in the controller 9 to facilitate the storage of field measurement data.

[0083] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0084] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. Common knowledge such as the known specific structures and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. Ordinary technicians in the field are aware of all common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental means before that date. Ordinary technicians in the field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the inspiration given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A long-term forest eco-hydrology water volume automatic dynamic measurement method, characterized by: The specific steps are: Step 1: Select a measurement point, establish a sample plot according to the standard, select a number of experimental points that meet the conditions in the sample plot, and install a number of support rods (2) at the experimental points to support the water volume monitoring device; Step 2: Install the runoff water meter in the water monitoring device at the same height on several trees (1) at the experimental point that meet the conditions, and use a filler (12) to fill the gap between the runoff water meter and the tree (1), weld a frame (5) between adjacent runoff water meters, weld the top of the support rod (2) to the runoff water meter, lay a plastic film (6) between the frames (5), and horizontally lay an elastic net (7) above the plastic film (6) between the frames (5), install the penetration water meter in the water monitoring device in the center of the plastic film (6), hinge a telescopic connecting rod (10) between the penetration water meter and the runoff water meter, fix the controller (9) to the penetration water meter, and install a solar panel in an open area of ​​the forest, and connect the solar panel, the support rod (2), the runoff water meter and the penetration water meter to the controller (9); Step 3: Use a water monitoring device to measure the tree trunk runoff, throughfall, surface leaf litter moisture and soil moisture of the forest in a preset time period, and record the drainage time point; Step 4: The single tree trunk flow velocity and throughflow velocity are obtained by the following formula: In the formula, Δt is the time interval of water meter drainage; The total trunk runoff velocity is the single trunk runoff volume multiplied by the total number of trees (1) in the plot. The total throughflow velocity is obtained by the following formula: The total trunk runoff and total throughflow precipitation are obtained by the following formula: Total tree trunk runoff / total throughflow flow = total tree trunk runoff velocity / total throughflow velocity × preset time The water conservation capacity of a forest is approximately the total trunk runoff plus the total throughfall precipitation.

2. The long-term forest eco-hydrology water volume automatic dynamic measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The experimental points that meet the conditions in step 1 are those that have at least 3 trees (1) within a circle with a radius of 3 meters, and there are no other trees (1) blocking the line between any two trees (1).

3. The long-term forest eco-hydrology water quantity automatic dynamic measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step 2, after installation, the bottom of the water penetration meter should be at least 2 meters above the ground.

4. A long-term forest eco-hydrology and water volume automatic dynamic measurement device, comprising a plurality of trees (1), characterized in that: That is, the water volume monitoring device in step 1 comprises a plurality of runoff water meters, the runoff water meters are fixedly sleeved with the trees (1), adjacent runoff water meters are fixedly connected by a frame (5), the outer periphery of the runoff water meter away from the frame (5) is fixedly connected to the corresponding support rod (2), the support rod (2) is inclined away from the tree trunk and penetrates into the soil, a plastic film (6) is laid between the frames (5), the center of the plastic film (6) is fixedly connected to the penetration water meter, an elastic net (7) is horizontally laid between the frames (5), and the elastic net (7) A rope (8) is fixedly connected between the center and the penetration water meter, a fixing groove is opened on the side of the runoff water meter close to the plastic film (6), a fixing claw (11) is hinged on the top of the fixing groove, the hinge point between the fixing claw (11) and the fixing groove is hinged to the telescopic connecting rod (10), the end of the telescopic connecting rod (10) away from the fixing groove is hinged to the penetration water meter, the controller (9) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the penetration water meter, and the controller (9) is electrically connected to the runoff water meter, the penetration water meter and the support rod (2).

5. The long-term forest eco-hydrology and water volume automatic dynamic measurement device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The runoff water meter comprises a runoff ring (4), the runoff ring (4) and the tree (1) are fixedly sleeved, the gap between the runoff ring (4) and the tree (1) is filled with a filler (12), an annular groove is opened in the middle of the top wall of the runoff ring (4), an annular measuring cylinder (3) is slidably connected in the annular groove, a runoff drainage valve (15) is connected to the bottom of the annular measuring cylinder (3), a plurality of runoff springs (14) are fixedly connected between the top outer edge of the annular measuring cylinder (3) and the bottom inner edge of the annular groove, a first trigger switch (13) is fixedly connected between the top outer edge of the annular measuring cylinder (3) and the inner wall of the annular groove, the first trigger switch (13) is used to trigger the opening of the runoff drainage valve (15) by the descending annular measuring cylinder (3), the fixed groove is opened on the side wall of the annular measuring cylinder (3) close to the plastic film (6), and the first trigger switch (13) and the runoff drainage valve (15) are connected to the controller (9) by signal.

6. The long-term forest eco-hydrology and water volume automatic dynamic measurement device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The penetration water meter comprises a concentration ring (16), the outer periphery of the concentration ring (16) is fixedly connected to a plastic film (6), a water measuring cylinder (19) is slidably connected inside the concentration ring (16), the bottom of the water measuring cylinder (19) is connected to a penetration drainage valve (20), the top of the water measuring cylinder (19) is fixedly connected to a rope (8), a concentration spring (18) is fixedly connected between the outer edge of the top of the water measuring cylinder (19) and the inner edge of the bottom of the concentration ring (16), the outer edge of the top of the water measuring cylinder (19) is fixedly connected to a second trigger switch (17) located in the concentration ring (16), the second trigger switch (17) is used to trigger the opening of the penetration drainage valve (20) by the descending water measuring cylinder (19), the outer wall of the water measuring cylinder (19) is hinged to the telescopic connecting rod (10), and the second trigger switch (17) and the penetration drainage valve (20) are both connected to the controller (9) by signal.

7. The long-term forest eco-hydrology and water volume automatic dynamic measurement device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The support rods (2) are all at least 3 meters deep into the ground. A plurality of moisture detectors are fixedly connected to the support rods (2). Adjacent moisture detectors are spaced one meter apart. The highest moisture detector is set in the leaf litter layer on the ground surface. The moisture detectors are all connected to the controller (9) by signal.

8. The long-term forest eco-hydrology and water volume automatic dynamic measurement device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The water volume monitoring device also includes a solar panel, which is arranged in an open area and is used to provide power for the long-term automatic dynamic measurement of water volume by the water volume monitoring device. The solar panel is electrically connected to the controller (9).

9. The long-term forest eco-hydrology and water volume automatic dynamic measurement device according to claim 4 is characterized by: A timing chip is arranged inside the controller (9) for recording the drainage time of the runoff water meter and the penetration water meter.

10. The long-term forest eco-hydrology and water volume automatic dynamic measurement device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The controller (9) is provided with a storage device for storing detection data of the moisture detector and drainage time data.

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