Carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method and device for integrated energy system

Abstract

The invention relates to a carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method and device for an integrated energy system, and the method comprises the steps: building an optimized operation scheduling model of the integrated energy system with the minimum operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system as a target, and solving the optimized operation scheduling model to determine a comprehensive optimal operation scheme of the integrated energy system; on the basis of the comprehensive optimal operation scheme of the comprehensive energy system, according to the energy generation, transmission and conversion relation, carbon emission accumulated and distributed corresponding to energy flow on each branch of the comprehensive energy system is calculated step by step from the source through a carbon emission accounting model, and the carbon potential of each node and each branch of the comprehensive energy system is quantified; based on the carbon potential of each node and each branch of the integrated energy system, the carbon emission corresponding to the actual energy consumption behaviors of different consumption units is calculated from the perspective of the demand side. The method can deeply analyze the influence of the carbon emission coupling relationship and the transfer mode on the carbon emission in the energy coupling and conversion process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon accounting for integrated energy systems, and in particular to a carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method and device for integrated energy systems. Background Art

[0002] The intensification of global climate change and energy shortage has made the decarbonization of energy systems more and more concerned, and the integrated energy system has become an important energy infrastructure. However, due to the diversity of energy supply and consumption, as well as the complexity of the energy chain, the calculation of carbon emissions on the user side of the integrated energy system is more complicated than that of the traditional system. In order to meet the carbon accounting and low-carbon control of different users under the conditions of differentiated energy structure, it is necessary to explore reasonable user-side carbon rights and responsibilities verification methods.

[0003] Carbon accounting methods are widely used in the formulation and effect evaluation of emission reduction strategies. Traditional carbon accounting methods include actual measurement method, emission factor method, mass balance method, model factor decomposition method, etc. The above methods are relatively simple and universal methods. Considering the diversity of energy supply and consumption and the complexity of the energy chain in the integrated energy system, simple carbon emission calculations are difficult to meet the comprehensive analysis needs of the environmental impact of the integrated energy system under the conditions of multi-technology synergy and multi-energy flow coupling. The life cycle energy chain evaluation and analysis method for carbon calculation of the integrated energy system can calculate the total carbon emissions of the system from the power generation side, but it cannot determine the carbon emissions corresponding to energy use from the perspective of the consumer. The production and transmission of energy in the energy supply process of the integrated energy system will generate carbon emissions. If only the carbon emissions of the source-end energy supply equipment are considered, the energy-carbon coupling characteristics of the integrated energy system cannot be fully characterized. However, the current carbon accounting methods rarely analyze the carbon emission coupling relationship and the impact of the transfer mode on carbon emissions in the process of energy coupling and conversion, and it is difficult to reflect the carbon reduction benefits of the integrated energy system. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method and device for an integrated energy system, which can deeply analyze the carbon emission coupling relationship and the impact of the transfer mode on carbon emissions during energy coupling and conversion.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: to provide a carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method for an integrated energy system, comprising the following steps:

[0006] With the goal of minimizing the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system, an optimal operation and scheduling model of the integrated energy system is constructed, and the optimal operation and scheduling model is solved to determine the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system;

[0007] Based on the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system, the carbon dioxide emissions related to the energy flow in the integrated energy system are defined as carbon emission flows, and according to the energy generation, transmission and conversion relationship, the carbon emissions corresponding to the energy flow on each branch of the integrated energy system are calculated step by step from the source through the carbon emission accounting model, the distribution of carbon emissions of the integrated energy system in the network is analyzed, and the carbon potential at each node and branch of the integrated energy system is quantified;

[0008] Based on the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system, the carbon emissions corresponding to the actual energy consumption behaviors of different consumer units are calculated from the demand side.

[0009] The objective function of the optimization operation scheduling model is: Among them, OPEX IES EC is the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system during the preset period. k,e The purchase cost of equipment k that consumes energy e is expressed as: E k,e,t is the amount of energy consumed by device k that consumes energy e during period t, Price e,t is the price of energy e in period t, MC k,e The maintenance cost of equipment k that consumes energy e is expressed as: is the output of device k in period t, Cost main,k is the operation and maintenance cost of device k unit output.

[0010] The constraints of the optimization operation scheduling model include:

[0011] The energy conversion constraints of the energy supply side equipment are expressed as: in, The energy conversion efficiency of the input energy ie into the output energy oe, PO k,oe,t and PI k,ie,t are the output and input of device k in period t respectively;

[0012] The energy storage operation constraints of the equipment are expressed as: Among them, PS k,e,t is the energy storage of device k in period t, and They represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of device k, PL k,e,t is the energy storage loss of device k in period t, ρ k,e is the energy storage loss coefficient;

[0013] The device constraints are expressed as: in, is the output of device k in period t, CAPK The installed capacity of the equipment, is the maximum load of the device, is a binary variable of equipment status, and γ is the minimum load factor of the equipment.

[0014] The carbon emission accounting model follows the principle of carbon emission conservation, including carbon flow model, carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model, and carbon balance and carbon allocation model; among which,

[0015] The carbon flow model is expressed as: in, is the total carbon emissions of energy e transmitted to the energy hub during period t, is the total carbon emissions of energy e output from the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emission of energy e transferred from module m to the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emission of energy e transferred from the energy hub to module m during period t;

[0016] The carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model are expressed as: in, is the energy-carbon split ratio, and For time period t n After the end, the carbon emissions input and output of the device Eq, bf and af are the energy forms before and after energy conversion, respectively. and The carbon emissions corresponding to the input e type of energy and the output carbon emissions of the equipment, and The energy flow of energy e input to the device and the energy flow of energy output, and is the input carbon potential and output carbon potential of the equipment;

[0017] The carbon balance and carbon allocation model is expressed as: in, and are the heat output and electricity output of the cogeneration unit, and are the carbon potential of electrical output and the carbon potential of thermal output, respectively. is the gas input, is the carbon potential of the input fuel gas, s E is the alternative generation equivalent coefficient, s H To replace the heating equivalent coefficient, is the carbon potential of the purchased grid electricity equivalent, Equivalent carbon potential for heating gas boiler, η E and η H are the power generation efficiency and heating coefficient of the unit respectively.

[0018] Based on the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system, the carbon emissions corresponding to the actual energy consumption behaviors of different consumer units are calculated from the demand side. Specifically, the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system is combined with the demand curves of users with different energy consumption behaviors, and the carbon emissions corresponding to the different energy consumption behaviors of differentiated users are calculated to evaluate the carbon intensity of user energy consumption.

[0019] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: to provide a carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting device for an integrated energy system, comprising:

[0020] The optimization scheduling module is used to construct an optimization operation scheduling model of the integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system, and solve the optimization operation scheduling model to determine the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system;

[0021] A carbon emission quantification module is used to define the carbon dioxide emissions related to the energy flow in the integrated energy system as carbon emission flows based on the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system, and to calculate the cumulative carbon emissions corresponding to the energy flow on each branch of the integrated energy system from the source step by step through the carbon emission accounting model according to the relationship between energy generation, transmission and conversion, analyze the distribution of carbon emissions of the integrated energy system in the network, and quantify the carbon potential at each node and branch of the integrated energy system;

[0022] The calculation and evaluation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions corresponding to the actual energy consumption behaviors of different consumer units from the demand side based on the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system.

[0023] The objective function of the optimization operation scheduling model constructed by the optimization scheduling module is: Among them, OPEX IES EC is the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system during the preset period. k,e The purchase cost of equipment k that consumes energy e is expressed as: E k,e,t is the amount of energy consumed by device k that consumes energy e during period t, Price e,t is the price of energy e in period t, MC k,e The maintenance cost of equipment k that consumes energy e is expressed as: is the output of device k in period t, Cost main,k is the operation and maintenance cost of device k unit output.

[0024] The constraints of the optimization operation scheduling model constructed by the optimization scheduling module include:

[0025] The energy conversion constraints of the energy supply side equipment are expressed as: in, The energy conversion efficiency of the input energy ie into the output energy oe, PO k,oe,t and PI k,ie,t are the output and input of device k in period t respectively;

[0026] The energy storage operation constraints of the equipment are expressed as: Among them, PS k,e,t is the energy storage of device k in period t, and They represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of device k, PL k,e,t is the energy storage loss of device k in period t, ρ k,e is the energy storage loss coefficient;

[0027] The device constraints are expressed as: in, is the output of device k in period t, CAP K The installed capacity of the equipment, is the maximum load of the device, is a binary variable of equipment status, and γ is the minimum load factor of the equipment.

[0028] The carbon emission accounting model follows the principle of carbon emission conservation, including carbon flow model, carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model, and carbon balance and carbon allocation model; among which,

[0029] The carbon flow model is expressed as: in, is the total carbon emissions of energy e transmitted to the energy hub during period t, is the total carbon emissions of energy e output from the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emission of energy e transferred from module m to the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emission of energy e transferred from the energy hub to module m during period t;

[0030] The carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model are expressed as: in, is the energy-carbon split ratio, and For time period t n After the end, the carbon emissions input and output of the device Eq, bf and af are the energy forms before and after energy conversion, respectively. and The carbon emissions corresponding to the input e type of energy and the output carbon emissions of the equipment, and Please provide the energy flow of the energy e input to the device and the energy flow of the output, and is the input carbon potential and output carbon potential of the equipment;

[0031] The carbon balance and carbon allocation model is expressed as: in, and are the heat output and electricity output of the cogeneration unit, and are the carbon potential of electrical output and the carbon potential of thermal output, respectively. is the gas input, is the carbon potential of the input fuel gas, s E is the alternative generation equivalent coefficient, s H To replace the heating equivalent coefficient, is the carbon potential of the purchased grid electricity equivalent, Equivalent carbon potential for heating gas boiler, η E and η H are the power generation efficiency and heating coefficient of the unit respectively.

[0032] The calculation and evaluation module combines the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system with the demand curves of users with different energy consumption behaviors, calculates the carbon emissions corresponding to the different energy consumption behaviors of differentiated users to evaluate the carbon intensity of user energy consumption.

[0033] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: to provide an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method of the above-mentioned integrated energy system when executing the computer program.

[0034] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: to provide a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method of the above-mentioned integrated energy system are implemented.

[0035] Beneficial Effects

[0036] Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art: In terms of energy supply system scheme planning, the present invention integrates the design of the electric, heat and cold energy supply system of the traditional integrated energy service with the zero-carbon technology of renewable energy and low-carbon technologies such as cogeneration of heat and power for modeling, and uses mathematical programming methods to optimize the overall design scheme, thereby providing a system optimization design scheme that matches the construction environment of the integrated energy system; in terms of carbon emission quantification and tracking, by analyzing the evolution and transmission process of various energy sources in the integrated energy system and measuring carbon emissions, the energy-carbon co-effects related to the conversion and transmission processes of various energy sources during the operation of the system are considered and quantified, thereby providing a more refined carbon accounting and reflecting the low-carbon benefits of the integrated energy system; in terms of carbon emission intensity assessment and fair distribution of carbon responsibility, the carbon emissions corresponding to the energy consumption of differentiated users are calculated based on the energy demand and the comprehensive carbon potential of the load-end energy, so as to conduct carbon intensity assessment, and then provide a reference for fair carbon responsibility distribution and user low-carbon regulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method for an integrated energy system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 is a structural diagram of a comprehensive energy system in a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 is a distribution diagram of the total carbon flow of the integrated energy system throughout the year in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 is a carbon potential distribution diagram of a typical period in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 : is a typical daily load hourly carbon potential diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 : is a graph showing hourly load and carbon emission characteristics of differentiated users on a typical day in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 1 is a characteristic curve diagram of hourly electricity load and carbon emission of differentiated users on summer working days in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally.

[0045] The first embodiment of the present invention relates to a carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method for an integrated energy system. The method can intuitively observe, calculate and analyze the distribution characteristics of carbon emissions and sources, inflow nodes, and flow directions in the energy network, analyze the evolution and transmission process of various energy sources in the integrated energy system, evaluate the energy-carbon co-effects related to the conversion and transmission processes of various energy sources during system operation, and reveal the carbon emission transmission situation in the energy system. It can provide methods and references for the demand side to fairly distribute the carbon emissions it should bear according to actual energy consumption behavior and to achieve low-carbon regulation for users.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, it is mainly divided into three steps, namely: comprehensive energy system multi-energy coupling operation simulation step, multi-energy flow coupling carbon flow analysis step and user-side carbon emission and carbon intensity assessment step.

[0047] Among them, the multi-energy coupling operation simulation step of the integrated energy system refers to building an optimized operation and scheduling model of the integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system, and solving the optimized operation and scheduling model to determine the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system. This step simulates the system design and operation management plan planning of the multi-energy coupled park-level integrated energy system, which covers the power, heat and cold supply of the park.

[0048] Potential technologies considered in the integrated energy system of this embodiment include photovoltaics, combined heat and power, gas boilers, electric boilers, heat pumps, battery energy storage and water storage. In the integrated energy system with multiple complementary energies, solar energy and combined heat and power generator sets are the main power sources, and the mains electricity is the auxiliary power source. When the power generation of renewable energy is too large, the surplus electricity can be connected to the grid or converted into other forms of energy using technical equipment such as compression heat pumps or electric boilers, thereby reducing the uncertainty risks brought by renewable energy and providing a reliable energy storage option for the energy system. When there is a shortage of renewable energy, the combined heat and power system uses gas to generate electricity, and the electricity stored in the battery is released to meet electricity demand. The system can promote the consumption of renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through energy coupling technology. The structure is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0049] This step takes the minimum total operation and maintenance cost of the system as the objective function to solve the model and determine the comprehensive optimal solution of the system. The operation and maintenance cost consists of energy cost and equipment maintenance cost, which can be expressed as:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, OPEX IES EC is the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system during the preset period. k,e is the purchase cost of equipment k that consumes energy e, MC k,eis the maintenance cost of equipment k that consumes energy e.

[0052] The acquisition cost EC of equipment k that consumes energy e k,e It can be expressed as:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, E k,e,t is the amount of energy consumed by device k that consumes energy e during period t, Price e,t is the price of energy e in period t.

[0055] Maintenance cost MC for equipment k that consumes energy e k,e It can be expressed as:

[0056]

[0057] in, is the output of device k in period t, Cost main,k is the operation and maintenance cost of device k per unit output.

[0058] In this embodiment, the constraints of the optimized operation scheduling model include equality constraints and inequality constraints. The equality constraints include energy conversion constraints of the energy supply side equipment and energy storage operation constraints of the equipment, and the inequality constraints include restriction constraints of the equipment.

[0059] The energy conversion constraints of the energy supply side equipment can be expressed as:

[0060]

[0061] in, The energy conversion efficiency of the input energy ie into the output energy oe, PO k,oe,t and PI k,ie,t are the output and input of device k in period t respectively.

[0062] The energy storage operation constraints of the equipment can be expressed as:

[0063]

[0064] Among them, PS k,e,t is the energy storage of device k in period t, and They represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of device k, PL k,e,t is the energy storage loss of device k in period t, ρ k,e is the energy storage loss coefficient.

[0065] The device constraints can be expressed as:

[0066]

[0067] in, is the output of device k in period t, CAP K The installed capacity of the equipment, is the maximum load of the device, is a binary variable of equipment status, and γ is the minimum load factor of the equipment.

[0068] It can be seen that in the planning of energy supply system solutions, this implementation method integrates the design of electricity, heat and cooling energy supply systems of traditional comprehensive energy services with low-carbon technologies such as renewable energy zero-carbon technology and cogeneration of heat and power, and uses mathematical programming methods to optimize the overall design solution, thereby providing a system optimization design solution that matches the construction environment of the comprehensive energy system.

[0069] The multi-energy flow coupled carbon flow analysis step refers to defining the carbon dioxide emissions related to the energy flow in the integrated energy system as carbon emission flows based on the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system, and calculating the cumulative carbon emissions corresponding to the energy flow on each branch of the integrated energy system from the source through the carbon emission accounting model according to the relationship between energy generation, transmission and conversion, analyzing the distribution of carbon emissions of the integrated energy system in the network, and quantifying the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system. This step can quantify the carbon emissions of each node and branch of the energy system based on the energy flow in the system, and track the complete carbon footprint of energy consumption.

[0070] In the carbon emission accounting model of this step, the carbon emission intensity per unit of energy of natural gas and the carbon emission intensity per unit of electricity purchased from outside must be given in advance as boundary conditions. In different time periods, the proportion of electricity and natural gas purchased from outside the park is different, as well as the different consumption of renewable energy. The carbon intensity of the energy output of the system will also change accordingly, so that the low-carbon benefits of electricity and heat consumption in different periods of the park can be evaluated.

[0071] The carbon accounting model of each node in the system follows the principle of carbon emission conservation, that is, the carbon flow also follows the balance of confluence and diversion, as well as the carbon balance in the energy conversion process, which includes: carbon flow model, carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model, and carbon balance and carbon allocation model. Among them, the carbon flow model can be expressed as:

[0072]

[0073] in, is the total carbon emissions of energy e transmitted to the energy hub during period t, is the total carbon emissions of energy e output from the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emission of energy e transferred from module m to the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emissions of energy e transferred from the energy hub to module m during period t.

[0074] The carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model are expressed as:

[0075]

[0076] in, is the energy-carbon split ratio, and For time period t n After the end, the carbon emissions input and output of the device Eq, bf and af are the energy forms before and after energy conversion, respectively. and The carbon emissions corresponding to the input e type of energy and the output carbon emissions of the equipment, and Please provide the energy flow of the energy e input to the device and the energy flow of the output, and is the input carbon potential and output carbon potential of the equipment.

[0077] In the multi-energy coupling process, due to the different energy grades involved, the associated carbon emission allocation is also different. In this embodiment, carbon emissions are allocated according to the equivalent replacement capacity equivalent relationship.

[0078] Taking the combined heat and power technology CHP as an example, the energy conversion relationship between the CHP output and the natural gas consumption can be expressed as follows:

[0079]

[0080] in, and are the heat output and electricity output of the cogeneration unit, is the gas input, and They are the heat production efficiency and electricity production efficiency of the cogeneration unit respectively.

[0081] The carbon balance and carbon allocation model can be expressed as:

[0082]

[0083] in, and are the carbon potential of electrical output and the carbon potential of thermal output, is the carbon potential of the input fuel gas, s E is the alternative generation equivalent coefficient, s H To replace the heating equivalent coefficient, is the carbon potential of the purchased grid electricity equivalent, Equivalent carbon potential for heating gas boiler, η E and η H are the power generation efficiency and heating coefficient of the unit respectively.

[0084] It is not difficult to find that in the quantification and tracking of carbon emissions, this implementation method analyzes the evolution and transmission process of various energy sources in the integrated energy system and measures carbon emissions, considers and quantifies the energy-carbon co-effects related to the conversion and transmission processes of various energy sources during the operation of the system, thereby providing more refined carbon accounting and reflecting the low-carbon benefits of the integrated energy system.

[0085] The user-side carbon emission and carbon intensity assessment step refers to calculating the carbon emissions corresponding to the actual energy consumption behavior of different consumer units from the demand side perspective based on the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system, thereby evaluating their energy carbon intensity and providing a reference for users to achieve low-carbon energy use and autonomous low-carbon regulation. This step is to calculate the carbon emissions corresponding to the actual energy consumption behavior of different consumer units from the demand side perspective in order to facilitate carbon intensity assessment.

[0086] In terms of carbon emission intensity assessment and fair allocation of carbon responsibility, this implementation method calculates the carbon emissions corresponding to differentiated user energy consumption based on energy demand and the carbon potential of each node and branch to conduct carbon intensity assessment, thereby providing a reference for fair carbon responsibility allocation and user low-carbon regulation.

[0087] The present invention is further illustrated below by taking a certain industrial park in Fujian Province as an example.

[0088] The park is hot in summer, cold in winter, and cool in spring and autumn. At the same time, this embodiment divides a year into summer, transition season and winter, and distinguishes between working days and rest days, a total of 6 typical scenes.

[0089] First, the park is divided into four areas according to the type of building facilities: commercial area, residential area, office area and industrial area. Several typical energy demand curves are selected for analysis and discussion in each area. The energy demand curves are as follows: Figure 6 The main technical parameters of the park comprehensive energy system in this embodiment are shown in Table 1, and the main economic parameters are shown in Table 2.

[0090] Table 1 Main technical parameters

[0091]

[0092] Table 2 Economic parameters of main technical parameters

[0093]

[0094] The total annual carbon emission flow after system optimization is as follows: Figure 3As shown in the figure, after carbon flow analysis, it can be seen that the sources of carbon emissions are electricity purchased from the power grid and gas purchased from the gas grid. Carbon emissions related to electricity account for the largest proportion on the load side, and municipal gas carbon emissions account for a large proportion of heating carbon emissions, while cooling-related carbon emissions are relatively low, accounting for only about 6.76%. Figure 3 It can be seen that the carbon flow analysis method proposed in this embodiment can clearly reveal the flow of carbon emissions from the source to the load end in the energy system, and can intuitively observe and analyze the distribution characteristics of carbon emissions related to the source, input node, and flow direction in the energy network, thereby realizing carbon tracking and carbon traceability.

[0095] Carbon flow analysis can be used to determine the hourly carbon potential of each technical device in the system. Figure 4 The carbon potential distribution of each node in the system during a typical period of time shows that the comprehensive carbon potential of the load side is determined by the carbon potential of the corresponding energy from different output devices. By applying zero-carbon photovoltaic power generation and low-carbon cogeneration technology, or using battery energy storage systems to improve the utilization rate of valley electricity with relatively low carbon potential, it is helpful to reduce the comprehensive carbon potential of the electric load. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the carbon potential of the power load during this period is 0.17 kgCO2 / kWh lower than that of the mains during the same period. Similarly, the carbon potential of the heat load and the cold load is also determined by the carbon potential of the corresponding equipment.

[0096] The hourly carbon potential changes of electricity, heating and cooling loads on each typical day under the optimal operation scheme are as follows: Figure 5 As shown. It can be seen that due to the output of photovoltaics, the carbon potential of the power load in the morning period begins to gradually decrease; while in the evening period, the output of photovoltaics gradually decreases, and the proportion of mains electricity with higher carbon potential in this period increases, which greatly increases the comprehensive carbon potential of the power load. At night, mains electricity is the main way to meet the demand for power load, resulting in similar changes in carbon potential and grid carbon potential. On winter weekends, due to the large amount of cogeneration power generation and relatively small amount of electricity purchase, the carbon potential drops significantly compared with other typical days. The carbon potential of the heat load on typical weekdays and weekends is not much different, fluctuating between 0.21 and 0.25 kg CO2 / kWh. This is because the heat load is mainly met by the cogeneration unit, and the electric boiler and gas boiler only participate in heating from 21:00 to 5:00. In addition, the cooling demand is mainly met by heat pumps that consume electricity, so the trend of carbon potential changes in the cooling load is similar to that of the electric carbon potential.

[0097] Based on the load carbon intensity calculated by the carbon flow analysis method in this embodiment, the corresponding carbon emissions can be calculated according to the user's energy consumption curve. The hourly load and carbon emission characteristic curves of differentiated users on each typical day are as follows: Figure 6 As shown, Figure 7 This is the user characteristic curve of the daily load during the summer working day. By comparing and analyzing different users, the following phenomena are found:

[0098] (1) The user's load in different time periods is the same, but the corresponding carbon emissions vary by 10 to 60%.

[0099] (2) The user's load has increased compared with the previous period, but the carbon emissions have decreased. For example, the load of user 1 in the residential area gradually increased from 5:00 to 8:00, but the carbon emissions decreased.

[0100] (3) The carbon emissions corresponding to the user's peak load period are only 50% of the peak carbon emissions of the day.

[0101] It can be seen that the user-side carbon accounting method proposed in this implementation can accurately quantify the carbon emissions corresponding to users under different energy consumption patterns, and reveal the corresponding relationship between energy consumption and carbon emissions in the same period.

[0102] The second embodiment of the present invention relates to a carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting device for an integrated energy system, comprising:

[0103] The optimization scheduling module is used to construct an optimization operation scheduling model of the integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system, and solve the optimization operation scheduling model to determine the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system;

[0104] A carbon emission quantification module is used to define the carbon dioxide emissions related to the energy flow in the integrated energy system as carbon emission flows based on the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system, and to calculate the cumulative carbon emissions corresponding to the energy flow on each branch of the integrated energy system from the source step by step through the carbon emission accounting model according to the relationship between energy generation, transmission and conversion, analyze the distribution of carbon emissions of the integrated energy system in the network, and quantify the carbon potential at each node and branch of the integrated energy system;

[0105] The calculation and evaluation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions corresponding to the actual energy consumption behaviors of different consumer units from the demand side based on the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system.

[0106] The objective function of the optimization operation scheduling model constructed by the optimization scheduling module is: Among them, OPEX IES EC is the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system during the preset period. k,e The purchase cost of equipment k that consumes energy e is expressed as: E k,e,t is the amount of energy consumed by device k that consumes energy e during period t, Price e,t is the price of energy e in period t, MC k,e The maintenance cost of equipment k that consumes energy e is expressed as: is the output of device k in period t, Cost main,k is the operation and maintenance cost of device k per unit output.

[0107] The constraints of the optimization operation scheduling model constructed by the optimization scheduling module include:

[0108] The energy conversion constraints of the energy supply side equipment are expressed as: in, The energy conversion efficiency of the input energy ie into the output energy oe, PO k,oe,t and PI k,ie,t are the output and input of device k in period t respectively;

[0109] The energy storage operation constraints of the equipment are expressed as: Among them, PS k,e,t is the energy storage of device k in period t, and They represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of device k, PL k,e,t is the energy storage loss of device k in period t, ρ k,e is the energy storage loss coefficient;

[0110] The device constraints are expressed as: in, is the output of device k in period t, CAP K The installed capacity of the equipment, is the maximum load of the equipment, β t K is a binary variable of equipment status, and γ is the minimum load factor of the equipment.

[0111] The carbon emission accounting model follows the principle of carbon emission conservation, including carbon flow model, carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model, and carbon balance and carbon allocation model; among which,

[0112] The carbon flow model is expressed as: in, is the total carbon emissions of energy e transmitted to the energy hub during period t, is the total carbon emissions of energy e output from the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emission of energy e transferred from module m to the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emission of energy e transferred from the energy hub to module m during period t;

[0113] The carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model are expressed as: in, is the energy-carbon split ratio, and For time period t nAfter the end, the carbon emissions input and output of the device Eq, bf and af are the energy forms before and after energy conversion, respectively. and The carbon emissions corresponding to the input e type of energy and the output carbon emissions of the equipment, and The energy flow of energy e input to the device and the energy flow of energy output, and is the input carbon potential and output carbon potential of the equipment;

[0114] The carbon balance and carbon allocation model is expressed as: in, and are the heat output and electricity output of the cogeneration unit, and are the carbon potential of electrical output and the carbon potential of thermal output, is the gas input, is the carbon potential of the input fuel gas, s E is the alternative generation equivalent coefficient, s H To replace the heating equivalent coefficient, is the carbon potential of the purchased grid electricity equivalent, Equivalent carbon potential for heating gas boiler, η E and η H are the power generation efficiency and heating coefficient of the unit respectively.

[0115] The calculation and evaluation module combines the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system with the demand curves of users with different energy consumption behaviors, calculates the carbon emissions corresponding to the different energy consumption behaviors of differentiated users to evaluate the carbon intensity of user energy consumption.

[0116] The third embodiment of the present invention relates to an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method of the integrated energy system of the first embodiment when executing the computer program.

[0117] The fourth embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method of the integrated energy system of the first embodiment.

[0118] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0119] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0120] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction method, which is implemented in the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0121] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0122] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method for an integrated energy system, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: With the goal of minimizing the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system, an optimal operation and scheduling model of the integrated energy system is constructed, and the optimal operation and scheduling model is solved to determine the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system; Based on the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system, the carbon dioxide emissions related to the energy flow in the integrated energy system are defined as carbon emission flows, and according to the energy generation, transmission and conversion relationship, the carbon emissions corresponding to the energy flow on each branch of the integrated energy system are calculated step by step from the source through the carbon emission accounting model, the distribution of carbon emissions of the integrated energy system in the network is analyzed, and the carbon potential at each node and branch of the integrated energy system is quantified; Based on the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system, the carbon emissions corresponding to the actual energy consumption behaviors of different consumer units are calculated from the demand side.

2. The carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method of the integrated energy system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The objective function of the optimization operation scheduling model is: Among them, OPEX IES EC is the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system during the preset period. k,e The purchase cost of equipment k that consumes energy e is expressed as: E k,e,t is the amount of energy consumed by device k that consumes energy e during period t, Price e,t is the price of energy e in period t, MC k,e The maintenance cost of equipment k that consumes energy e is expressed as: is the output of device k in period t, Cost main,k is the operation and maintenance cost of device k unit output.

3. The carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method of the integrated energy system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The constraints of the optimization operation scheduling model include: The energy conversion constraints of the energy supply side equipment are expressed as: in, The energy conversion efficiency of the input energy ie into the output energy oe, PO k,oe,t and PI k,ie,t are the output and input of device k in period t respectively; The energy storage operation constraints of the equipment are expressed as: Among them, PS k,e,t is the energy storage of device k in period t, and They represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of device k, PL k,e,t is the energy storage loss of device k in period t, ρ k,e is the energy storage loss coefficient; The device constraints are expressed as: in, is the output of device k in period t, CAP K The installed capacity of the equipment, is the maximum load of the device, is a binary variable of equipment status, and γ is the minimum load factor of the equipment.

4. The carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method of the integrated energy system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon emission accounting model follows the principle of carbon emission conservation, including carbon flow model, carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model, and carbon balance and carbon allocation model; among which, The carbon flow model is expressed as: in, is the total carbon emissions of energy e transmitted to the energy hub during period t, is the total carbon emissions of energy e output from the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emission of energy e transferred from module m to the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emission of energy e transferred from the energy hub to module m during period t; The carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model are expressed as: in, is the energy-carbon split ratio, and For time period t n After the end, the carbon emissions input and output of the device Eq, bf and af are the energy forms before and after energy conversion, respectively. and The carbon emissions corresponding to the input e type of energy and the output carbon emissions of the equipment, and The energy flow of energy e input to the device and the energy flow of energy output, and is the input carbon potential and output carbon potential of the equipment; The carbon balance and carbon allocation model is expressed as: in, and are the heat output and electricity output of the cogeneration unit, and are the carbon potential of electrical output and the carbon potential of thermal output, respectively. is the gas input, is the carbon potential of the input fuel gas, s E is the alternative generation equivalent coefficient, s H To replace the heating equivalent coefficient, is the carbon potential of the purchased grid electricity equivalent, Equivalent carbon potential for heating gas boiler, η E and η H are the power generation efficiency and heating coefficient of the unit respectively.

5. The carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method of the integrated energy system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system, the carbon emissions corresponding to the actual energy consumption behaviors of different consumer units are calculated from the demand side. Specifically, the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system is combined with the demand curves of users with different energy consumption behaviors, and the carbon emissions corresponding to the different energy consumption behaviors of differentiated users are calculated to evaluate the carbon intensity of user energy consumption.

6. A carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting device for an integrated energy system, characterized in that: include: The optimization scheduling module is used to construct an optimization operation scheduling model of the integrated energy system with the goal of minimizing the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system, and solve the optimization operation scheduling model to determine the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system; A carbon emission quantification module is used to define the carbon dioxide emissions related to the energy flow in the integrated energy system as carbon emission flows based on the comprehensive optimal operation plan of the integrated energy system, and to calculate the cumulative carbon emissions corresponding to the energy flow on each branch of the integrated energy system from the source step by step through the carbon emission accounting model according to the relationship between energy generation, transmission and conversion, analyze the distribution of carbon emissions of the integrated energy system in the network, and quantify the carbon potential at each node and branch of the integrated energy system; The calculation and evaluation module is used to calculate the carbon emissions corresponding to the actual energy consumption behaviors of different consumer units from the demand side based on the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system.

7. The carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting device for the integrated energy system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The objective function of the optimization operation scheduling model constructed by the optimization scheduling module is: Among them, OPEX IES EC is the operation and maintenance cost of the integrated energy system during the preset period. k,e The purchase cost of equipment k that consumes energy e is expressed as: E k,e,t is the amount of energy consumed by device k that consumes energy e during period t, Price e,t is the price of energy e in period t, MC k,e The maintenance cost of equipment k that consumes energy e is expressed as: is the output of device k in period t, Cost main ,k is the operation and maintenance cost of device k per unit output.

8. The carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting device for the integrated energy system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The constraints of the optimization operation scheduling model constructed by the optimization scheduling module include: The energy conversion constraints of the energy supply side equipment are expressed as: in, The energy conversion efficiency of the input energy ie into the output energy oe, PO k,oe,t and PI k,ie,t are the output and input of device k in period t respectively; The energy storage operation constraints of the equipment are expressed as: Among them, PS k,e,t is the energy storage of device k in period t, and They represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of device k, PL k,e,t is the energy storage loss of device k in period t, ρ k,e is the energy storage loss coefficient; The device constraints are expressed as: in, is the output of device k in period t, CAP K The installed capacity of the equipment, is the maximum load of the device, is a binary variable of equipment status, and γ is the minimum load factor of the equipment.

9. The carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting device for the integrated energy system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The carbon emission accounting model follows the principle of carbon emission conservation, including carbon flow model, carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model, and carbon balance and carbon allocation model; among which, The carbon flow model is expressed as: in, is the total carbon emissions of energy e transmitted to the energy hub during period t, is the total carbon emissions from energy e output from the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emission of energy e transferred from module m to the energy hub during period t, is the carbon emission of energy e transferred from the energy hub to module m during period t; The carbon balance and energy-carbon coupling model are expressed as: in, is the energy-carbon split ratio, and For time period t n After the end, the carbon emissions input and output of the device Eq, bf and af are the energy forms before and after energy conversion, respectively. and The carbon emissions corresponding to the input e type of energy and the output carbon emissions of the equipment, and Please provide the energy flow of the energy e input to the device and the energy flow of the output, and is the input carbon potential and output carbon potential of the equipment; The carbon balance and carbon allocation model is expressed as: Among them, among them, and are the heat output and electricity output of the cogeneration unit, and are the carbon potential of electrical output and the carbon potential of thermal output, respectively. is the gas input, is the carbon potential of the input fuel gas, s E is the alternative generation equivalent coefficient, s H To replace the heating equivalent coefficient, is the carbon potential of the purchased grid electricity equivalent, Equivalent carbon potential for heating gas boiler, η E and η H are the power generation efficiency and heating coefficient of the unit respectively.

10. The carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting device for the integrated energy system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation and evaluation module combines the carbon potential of each node and branch of the integrated energy system with the demand curves of users with different energy consumption behaviors, calculates the carbon emissions corresponding to the different energy consumption behaviors of differentiated users to evaluate the carbon intensity of user energy consumption.

11. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method for the integrated energy system as described in any one of claims 1-5 are implemented.

12. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon flow analysis and carbon accounting method for the integrated energy system as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

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