Holographic antenna and beam control method thereof, computer readable storage medium and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a holographic antenna, a beam control method thereof, a storage medium and electronic equipment, belongs to the technical field of antennas, and can solve the problems that an existing antenna is complex in structure and invariable in polarization direction. The holographic antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation layer and a plurality of switch units, a plurality of slit openings are formed in the radiation layer; the switch unit is arranged corresponding to the slit opening. The acquisition unit is configured to acquire a target wave and the polarity of the target wave; the construction unit is configured to construct a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave; the calculation unit is configured to perform calculation based on the reference wave and the target wave to obtain an interference wave; the sampling unit is configured to obtain an excitation sampling value of each slit opening; the control unit is configured to control the switch unit to control the opening and closing state of the slit opening. According to the invention, different polarization dynamic reconfigurability can be realized by combining the holographic principle with the slot antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of antenna technology, and in particular relates to a holographic antenna and a beam control method thereof, a computer-readable medium, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] Antennas play an important and critical role in the entire wireless communication system. The quality of antenna characteristics even directly determines the quality of the entire communication system. In modern communication systems, there is a strong demand for beamforming antennas with low profile, low cost, and easy integration. At present, the main implementation forms of beamforming antennas include mechanical scanning antennas, phased array antennas, reflectarray antennas, antennas with lens loading, and leaky wave antennas. However, with the development of satellite communications, people expect terminal equipment to have a more compact structure, especially for the needs of mobile communications and low-orbit satellite communications. Therefore, the demand for ultra-low profile antennas with variable polarization is increasing day by day, and for designs using traditional phased array antennas, the antenna is bulky and the feeding network is very complex. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a variable polarization holographic antenna and a beam control method thereof, a computer-readable storage medium and an electronic device.

[0004] In a first aspect, the technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present invention is a holographic antenna, characterized in that the holographic antenna comprises: a dielectric substrate, a radiation layer, and a plurality of switch units; the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other; the radiation layer is arranged on the first surface; a plurality of slit openings are arranged on the radiation layer; the switch unit is arranged corresponding to the slit opening and is configured to control the switch state of the slit opening; the holographic antenna also comprises:

[0005] an acquisition unit, configured to acquire a target wave and a polarity of the target wave;

[0006] a construction unit configured to construct a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave;

[0007] A calculation unit is configured to perform calculation based on the reference wave and the target wave to obtain an interference wave; the interference wave includes a polarization direction and a pointing angle of the target wave beam;

[0008] A sampling unit, configured to perform sampling through a sampling function based on the interference wave according to the position information of each slit opening, to obtain an excitation sampling value of each slit opening;

[0009] The control unit is configured to control the switch unit based on the excitation sampling value to control the switch state of the slit opening.

[0010] In some embodiments, the building blocks are specifically used for:

[0011] When the polarity of the target wave is x-line polarization, the construction unit is used to constructing the reference wave;

[0012] When the polarity of the target wave is y-line polarization, the construction unit is used to

[0013] constructing the reference wave;

[0014] When the polarity of the target wave is left-hand circular polarization, the construction unit is used to constructing the reference wave;

[0015] When the polarity of the target wave is right-hand circular polarization, the construction unit is used to Constructing the reference wave, wherein a spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feeding point as the origin, is the Bessel function in the x direction, is the Bessel function in the y direction, ρ represents the distance between the reference wave and the origin in the spatial coordinate system, It represents the angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

[0016] In some embodiments, the holographic antenna further comprises a processing module configured to discretize the excitation sampling values ​​of each of the slit openings to obtain a discrete result;

[0017] The control unit is configured to control the switch unit based on the discrete result to control the switch state of the slit opening.

[0018] In some embodiments, the holographic antenna further comprises a feeding structure configured to feed the radiation layer.

[0019] In some embodiments, the switch unit is any one of a PIN diode, a variable reactance diode, a liquid crystal switch, and a MEMS switch.

[0020] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a beam control method, which is applied to a holographic antenna, wherein the holographic antenna comprises: a dielectric substrate, a radiation layer, and a plurality of switch units; the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other; the radiation layer is arranged on the first surface; a plurality of slit openings are arranged on the radiation layer; the switch unit is arranged corresponding to the slit openings and is configured to control the switch state of the slit openings; the method comprises:

[0021] Obtaining a target wave and the polarity of the target wave;

[0022] constructing a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave;

[0023] Calculating based on the reference wave and the target wave to obtain an interference wave, wherein the interference wave includes a polarization direction and a pointing angle of the target wave beam;

[0024] Based on the interference wave, sampling is performed through a sampling function according to the position information of each slit opening to obtain an excitation sampling value of each slit opening;

[0025] The switch unit is controlled based on the excitation sampling value to control the switch state of the slit opening.

[0026] In some embodiments, constructing a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave includes:

[0027] When the polarity of the target wave is x-line polarization, the reference wave is

[0028] When the polarity of the target wave is y-line polarization, the reference wave is

[0029] When the polarity of the target wave is left-hand circular polarization, the reference wave is

[0030] When the polarity of the target wave is right-hand circular polarization, the reference wave is Among them, the spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feeding point as the origin. is the Bessel function in the x direction, is the Bessel function in the y direction, ρ represents the distance between the reference wave and the origin in the spatial coordinate system, It represents the angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

[0031] In some embodiments, the controlling the switch unit based on the excitation sampling value includes:

[0032] The excitation sampling value is compared with a preset threshold value. If the excitation sampling value meets the preset threshold value, it is determined that the state of the switch unit corresponding to the excitation sampling value is on; otherwise, it is determined that the state of the switch unit corresponding to the excitation sampling value is off.

[0033] In some embodiments, obtaining the excitation sampling value of each slit opening through a sampling function includes:

[0034] Obtaining the excitation amplitude value of each slit opening by an amplitude sampling function; or

[0035] The excitation angle value of each slit opening is obtained through a phase sampling function.

[0036] In some embodiments, when the excitation sampling value is an excitation angle value, the preset threshold is 90°.

[0037] In some embodiments, acquiring the target wave includes:

[0038] The target wave is calculated according to a target wave calculation formula, wherein the formula is:

[0039]

[0040] is the target wave, k0 is the air wave vector, and the space coordinate system is established with the target wave feeding point as the origin. is the pointing angle of the target wave, where θ is the angle between the target wave and the z-axis, is the angle between the target wave and the x-axis, x n and m is the position coordinate representation of the target wave.

[0041] In some embodiments, Among them, k g is the slow wave coefficient.

[0042] In some embodiments, the reference wave is interfered with the target wave to obtain an interference wave using the formula:

[0043] in, is the target wave, is the conjugate of the reference wave.

[0044] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program code for beam control, and when the computer program code is executed by a processor, the method described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0045] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including:

[0046] processor;

[0047] A memory for storing processor executable instructions, wherein:

[0048] The processor is configured to call instructions stored in the memory to execute the method as described in any one of the first aspects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of another holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a switch unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another switch unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another switch unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] Figure 6 A flow chart of a beam control method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Figure 7 An overall distribution diagram of radiation units in a radiation layer provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] Fig. 8A An interference wave pattern with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under right-hand circular polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] Figure 8B A far-field pattern with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under right-hand circular polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] Fig. 9A An interference wave pattern with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under left-hand circular polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] Fig. 9B A far-field pattern with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under left-hand circular polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] Fig. 10A An interference wave pattern with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under y-line polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] Fig. 10BA far-field pattern with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under y-line polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] Fig.11A An interference wave pattern with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under x-line polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] Fig. 11B A far-field pattern with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under x-line polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] Fig.12 A slot distribution diagram with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under right-hand circular polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] Fig.13 A slot distribution diagram with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under left-hand circular polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] Fig.14 A gap distribution diagram with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under y-line polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] Fig.15 A gap distribution diagram with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under x-line polarization is provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0069] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present disclosure should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, similar words such as "one", "one" or "the" do not indicate quantity restrictions, but indicate that there is at least one. Similar words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Similar words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0070] Antennas are the terminal equipment of most wireless communication systems, and their working performance is crucial to the overall performance of the system. With the development of science and technology, the requirements for antenna performance are getting higher and higher. In addition to the high requirements for traditional indicators such as gain and polarization, antennas are often required to have low profiles, light weight, and easy conformal characteristics. Although reflector antennas, phased array antennas, and lens antennas can achieve high gain, they all have obvious disadvantages. For example, reflector antennas need to provide a spatial illumination source, which greatly increases the profile; the feeding network of phased array antennas is extremely complex, difficult to design, and high in cost; and the lens antenna itself has a high profile, and the profile is further increased after the illumination source is added. As a high-gain antenna, the holographic antenna can meet the requirements of low profile and light weight at the same time, so it is very suitable for the current application background and has great development potential.

[0071] The concept of holographic antenna comes from the principle of optical holography. The principle is that the interference surface is formed by the interference of the target wave and the reference wave, and the required target wave is obtained by inverting the interference surface with the reference wave. The emergence of metamaterials makes it possible to realize holographic antennas in the microwave band. The holographic antenna system only includes a holographic surface and a feed source, and the structure is very simple. Among them, the feed source generally uses a horn antenna, a monopole antenna or a slot antenna, and does not require a complex feeding network. However, in order to reduce the profile, a monopole antenna or a slot antenna is often used as a feed source. The holographic surface is mainly composed of a periodically distributed metal patch array on a dielectric substrate and a radiation layer. It is simple to process and low in cost. In the design process of the holographic surface, as long as the interference field expression formed by the interference of the target field and the reference field is calculated, and the distribution of the metal patches is designed with reference to the interference field expression, the desired holographic surface can be obtained. The design process is very simple. If a different target wave is required, the target field expression can be re-substituted into the above process. This simplicity and flexibility in design is another major advantage of the holographic antenna. In addition, holographic antennas are easy to conform to, and their performance will not be greatly affected when attached to curved surfaces such as spheres and cylinders. With the development of satellite communications, the demand for low-profile antennas with variable polarization is increasing.

[0072] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another holographic antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the holographic antenna includes an antenna module 100, which includes a dielectric substrate 10, a radiation layer 11, a feeding structure 40 and a plurality of switch units 13. The dielectric substrate 10 includes a first surface and a second surface that are arranged opposite to each other; the radiation layer 11 is arranged on the first surface; a plurality of slit openings 111 are arranged on the radiation layer 11; the reference electrode 12 is arranged on the second surface; the switch unit 13 is arranged corresponding to the slit opening 111, and the switch unit 13 is configured to control the switch state of the slit opening 111.

[0073] Among them, the radiation layer 11 includes but is not limited to a microstrip line. In the embodiment disclosed in the present invention, the radiation layer 11 includes a microstrip line as an example. The microstrip line is arranged on the dielectric substrate 10, and the microstrip line has a plurality of slit openings 111 arranged side by side along its extension direction, and the length direction of the slit opening 111 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the microstrip line. The feeding structure 40 adopts a waveguide feeding structure 40, which is arranged on the side of the dielectric substrate 10 away from the microstrip line, that is, the waveguide feeding structure 40 is equivalent to the reference electrode layer 12. A low-loss polymer material 41 can be filled in the waveguide cavity of the waveguide feeding structure 40 to achieve the effect of a slow wave waveguide. Of course, the waveguide cavity can also be an air medium. The switch unit 13 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the slit opening 111, and is configured to control whether the slit opening 111 can feed out the radio frequency signal. According to the beam direction of the target wave, the switch state of the corresponding switch unit 13 can be used to control the switch state of the slit opening 111 to achieve.

[0074] The holographic antenna not only includes a dielectric substrate 10, a radiation layer 11, a feeding structure 40 and a plurality of switch units 13, but also includes an acquisition unit 101, a construction unit 102, a calculation unit 103, a sampling unit 104 and a control unit 105. Specifically, the acquisition unit 101 is configured to acquire a target wave and the polarity of the target wave. The construction unit 102 is configured to construct a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave. The calculation unit 103 is configured to perform calculations based on the reference wave and the target wave to obtain an interference wave, wherein the interference wave includes the polarization direction and the pointing angle of the target wave. The sampling unit 104 is configured to perform sampling through a sampling function based on the interference wave according to the position information of each slit opening 111 to obtain an excitation sampling value of each slit opening 111. The control unit 105 is configured to control the switch unit based on the excitation sampling value to control the switch state of the slit opening 111.

[0075] Specifically, the embodiment of the present disclosure, based on the principle of optical holography, first forms an interference wave according to the interference of the target wave and the reference wave, and then inverts the interference wave plane by irradiating the reference wave to obtain the required antenna pattern. Wherein, the target wave is the desired waveform of spatial emission, the reference wave is the traveling wave of the feed wave introduced into the feed source through the feed network in the antenna structure, the interference wave plane in the holographic antenna is obtained by sampling the interference wave calculated by the calculation unit 103 by the sampling unit 104, and obtaining the excitation sampling value of each slit opening 111, and the control unit 105 controls the state of the switch unit 13 according to the excitation sampling value of each slit opening 111 to control the switch of the slit opening 111, and finally, when the electromagnetic wave introduced into the feed source through the feeding network "irradiates" the interference wave plane formed by the slit opening 111, the fed electromagnetic wave passes through the slit opening 111, and the superposition of the outgoing electromagnetic field in the far field area will form the desired antenna pattern. When the waveform of the desired spatial transmission changes, it is only necessary for the calculation unit 103 to recalculate the corresponding interference wave according to the target wave, and control the switch state of the slit opening 111 according to the interference wave. However, the interference wave thus calculated can only realize the control of the target wave beam direction angle. In order to simultaneously realize the control of the target wave beam polarization direction, the reference wave is constructed based on the polarity of the target wave in the embodiment of the present disclosure, so that the polarity of the target wave can be transferred to the reference wave. Further, the reference wave containing the polarity of the target wave is interfered with the target wave, and the interference wave is illuminated by the reference wave to form an antenna radiation pattern containing the beam direction angle and the polarization direction.

[0076] The disclosed embodiments utilize the holographic principle in combination with a slot antenna to achieve regulation of multiple polarization states, thereby significantly reducing the complexity and power consumption of traditional phased array system design and improving the portability of satellite terminals.

[0077] FIG8 is an overall distribution diagram of radiation units in a radiation layer 11 provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG8 , the center is a feeding point, and other points around are radiation units. In some embodiments, in order to make the radiation units more evenly distributed, the arc distances △S between adjacent radiation units are equal. The holographic antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure controls the radiation of the radiation unit by controlling the switch unit of the slit opening.

[0078] In some embodiments, the construction unit 102 is specifically used to: when the polarity of the target wave is x-line polarization, the construction unit is used to Construct a reference wave; when the polarity of the target wave is y-line polarization, the construction unit is used to Construct a reference wave; when the polarity of the target wave is left-hand circular polarization, the construction unit is used to Construct a reference wave; when the polarity of the target wave is right-hand circular polarization, the construction unit is used to Construct a reference wave, where a spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feed point as the origin. is the Bessel function in the x direction, is the Bessel function in the y direction, ρ represents the distance between the reference wave and the origin in the spatial coordinate system, It represents the angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

[0079] It can be understood that the polarity of the target wave includes but is not limited to the four polarization directions mentioned above. For example, the polarization direction of the target wave can also be 45° polarization, etc. The construction unit 102 can construct the required reference wave according to the specific polarization direction of the target wave, and the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.

[0080] In some embodiments, the holographic antenna includes not only a dielectric substrate 10, a radiation layer 11, a feeding structure 40, a plurality of switch units 13, an acquisition unit 101, a construction unit 102, a calculation unit 103, a sampling unit 104 and a control unit 105, but may also include a processing module 106. The processing module 106 is configured to discretize the excitation sampling values ​​of each slit opening 111 to obtain a discrete result; the control unit 105 is configured to control the switch unit 13 based on the discrete result to control the switch state of the slit opening 111.

[0081] Specifically, when the processing module 106 discretizes the excitation amplitude value of each slit opening 111, it first determines the size of the excitation sampling value of the slit opening 111 and the discrete threshold; when the excitation sampling value m of the slit opening 111 is not less than t, the discrete result M is recorded as 1, and when the excitation amplitude value m of the slit opening 111 is less than t, the discrete result M is recorded as 0.

[0082] It should be noted that the size of the discrete threshold needs to be adjusted, and different excitation sampling values ​​correspond to different discrete thresholds. The excitation sampling value can be an amplitude sampling value or a phase sampling value, or other sampling values. For example, when the excitation sampling value is a phase sampling value, its discrete threshold can be set to 90°, and when the excitation sampling value is an amplitude sampling value, its discrete threshold can be set to 0.5 mm, and so on.

[0083] In addition, when the discrete thresholds of the same excitation sampling value are set differently, the sampling results are also different. When the excitation sampling value is amplitude sampling, the millimeter-wave holographic antenna obtained according to different discrete thresholds is simulated by electromagnetic software to obtain a millimeter-wave holographic antenna simulation diagram; the millimeter-wave holographic antenna simulation diagram is compared with the amplitude-weighted theoretical simulation diagram of the holographic antenna to find the required discrete threshold. In this way, when the millimeter-wave holographic antenna simulation diagram is closest to the amplitude-weighted theoretical simulation diagram of the holographic antenna, the discrete threshold obtained from the millimeter-wave holographic antenna simulation diagram is used as the required discrete threshold.

[0084] In some embodiments, the switch unit 13 includes but is not limited to any one of a PIN diode, a variable reactance diode, a liquid crystal switch, and a MEMS switch. The switch unit 13 in the embodiment of the present disclosure can control the radiation energy size of the working frequency at a specific position and realize the adjustability of the polarization direction of the target wave.

[0085] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a switch unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 As shown, the switch unit 13 can be a PIN diode or a variable reactance diode Varactor. In this case, the PIN diode or the variable reactance diode Varactor can be integrated with the slit opening 111 to achieve dual-value amplitude or continuous amplitude control capability. For example: taking the switch unit using a PIN diode as an example, the input bias voltage to the PIN diode is controlled to control the forward bias / reverse bias of the PIN diode. When the slit opening 111 is required to be in the open state, at this time, the input bias voltage to the PIN diode is greater than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode is turned on; when the slit opening 111 is required to be in the closed state, at this time, the input bias voltage to the PIN diode is less than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode is turned off.

[0086] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another switch unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 As shown, the switch unit 13 is a liquid crystal switch, that is, an opposing substrate 30 is arranged opposite to the dielectric substrate 10, a control electrode 31 is arranged on the opposing substrate 30, and a liquid crystal layer 32 is arranged between the layer where the control electrode 31 of the opposing substrate 30 is located and the layer where the microstrip line is located.

[0087] The control electrode 31 is connected to a high or low level, and an interference pattern is formed by the target wave and the reference wave in different polarization states. The sampling of the sampling unit 104 is combined with the voltage control of the control electrode 31, and the voltage is applied or not applied to the patch to realize the deflection or non-deflection of the liquid crystal molecules in the corresponding area, thereby changing the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 32, thereby realizing the dynamic regulation of different polarizations and different target angles of the radio frequency signal radiated by the slit opening 111.

[0088] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another switch unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6As shown, the switch unit is a MEMS switch. For example, an opposing substrate 30 is arranged opposite to the dielectric substrate 10, and the opposing substrate 30 is a flexible substrate. A patch electrode 34 is arranged on the opposing substrate 30, and the patch electrode 34 is arranged one-to-one with the slit opening 111. At this time, by applying a voltage to the patch electrode 34, the distance between the patch electrode 34 and the slit opening 111 is adjusted under the action of the electric field force, thereby realizing continuous regulation of the radiation amplitude of the radio frequency signal.

[0089] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a beam control method, which can be applied to any holographic antenna in the above embodiments.

[0090] Figure 6 A flow chart of a beam control method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method is applied to a holographic antenna, which includes: a dielectric substrate 10, a radiation layer 11, and a plurality of switch units 13; the dielectric substrate 10 includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other; the radiation layer 11 is arranged on the first surface; a plurality of slit openings 111 are arranged on the radiation layer 11; the switch unit 13 is arranged corresponding to the slit opening 111, and the switch unit 13 is configured to control the switch state of the slit opening 111; the method specifically includes:

[0091] S701: Obtain the target wave and the polarity of the target wave.

[0092] Specifically, the target wave is the waveform of the desired spatial emission. The target wave is calculated according to the target wave calculation formula, where the formula is:

[0093]

[0094] is the target wave, k0 is the air wave vector, and the space coordinate system is established with the target wave feeding point as the origin. is the pointing angle of the target wave, where θ is the angle between the target wave and the z-axis, is the angle between the target wave and the x-axis, x n and m is the position coordinate representation of the target wave.

[0095] The polarity of the target wave includes but is not limited to y-line polarization, x-line polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization.

[0096] S702: Construct a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave.

[0097] Specifically, the reference wave is the traveling wave of the feed source introduced into the antenna structure through the feed network. The calculation formula of the reference wave is: Among them, k g is the slow wave coefficient.

[0098] The polarity of the target wave is transferred to the functional form of the reference wave to construct the reference wave. Specifically, when the polarity of the target wave is x-line polarization, the reference wave is When the polarity of the target wave is y-line polarization, the reference wave is When the polarity of the target wave is left-hand circular polarization, the reference wave is When the polarity of the target wave is right-hand circular polarization, the reference wave is Among them, the spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feeding point as the origin. is the Bessel function in the x direction, is the Bessel function in the y direction, ρ represents the distance between the reference wave and the origin in the spatial coordinate system, It represents the angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

[0099] S703: Calculate based on the reference wave and the target wave to obtain an interference wave, wherein the interference wave includes a polarization direction and a pointing angle of the target wave beam.

[0100] Specifically, according to the principle of optical holography, an interference wave is first formed by the interference of the target wave and the reference wave, and then the interference wave plane is illuminated by the reference wave to invert and obtain the required antenna radiation pattern.

[0101] Among them, the reference wave is interfered with the target wave, and the formula for obtaining the interference wave is:

[0102] in, is the target wave, It is the conjugate of the reference wave. The reference wave here is the reference wave that contains the polarity of the target wave.

[0103] In the disclosed embodiment, the polarity of the target wave is transferred to the functional form of the reference wave to construct the reference wave, and then the reference wave is interfered with to obtain the interference wave. The interference wave plane is then inverted by illuminating the reference wave to obtain the required antenna radiation pattern, which includes not only the pointing angle of the target wave, but also the polarization direction of the target wave, thereby realizing the controllability of the polarization direction of the antenna.

[0104] S704: Based on the interference wave, sampling is performed using a sampling function according to the position information of each slit opening to obtain an excitation sampling value of each slit opening.

[0105] Specifically, the position information of each slit opening may be pre-stored, and each slit opening may be sampled according to the position of each slit opening to obtain a corresponding excitation sampling value.

[0106] In some embodiments, obtaining the excitation sampling value of each slit opening by a sampling function includes:

[0107] The excitation amplitude value of each slit opening is obtained through the amplitude sampling function; or the excitation angle value of each slit opening is obtained through the phase sampling function. Amplitude sampling or phase sampling can be selected according to actual conditions, and of course other sampling methods can also be used.

[0108] S705: Control the switch unit based on the excitation sampling value to control the switch state of the slit opening.

[0109] Specifically, the switching of the slit openings 111 is controlled by controlling the state of the switch unit 13 according to the excitation sampling value of each slit opening 111. Finally, when the electromagnetic wave of the feed source is introduced through the feeding network to "irradiate" the interference wave plane formed by the slit openings 111, the fed electromagnetic wave passes through the slit openings 111, and the superposition of the outgoing electromagnetic field in the far field area will form a desired antenna radiation pattern.

[0110] In some embodiments, controlling the switch unit based on the excitation sampling value includes: comparing the excitation sampling value with a preset threshold value, and if the excitation sampling value meets the preset threshold value, determining that the state of the switch unit corresponding to the excitation sampling value is on; otherwise, determining that the state of the switch unit corresponding to the excitation sampling value is off.

[0111] For example, when the phase sampling function is used to obtain the excitation angle value of each slit opening, the phase sampling function can be Assume that the preset threshold is 90°. Of course, the preset threshold can also be set to 80°, 60°, etc. according to actual needs. Then, the sampling function is discretized and simplified to a binary function. The state corresponding to each sample is as follows:

[0112] Design the switch unit state to 'on';

[0113] Design the switch unit state to 'off'.

[0114] The disclosed embodiments can design different polarization characteristics and target pointing angles. The slow wave coefficient k is known. g The air wave vector k0 in the air passes through different positions (x m ,y n ) to determine the switching state of the corresponding slit opening (whether there is a gap or whether the liquid crystal state is deflected), and finally determine the sampling sequence of different target directions in each polarization state.

[0115] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, when the desired waveform of the spatial transmission changes, it is only necessary to reconstruct the reference wave containing the polarity of the target wave and calculate the corresponding interference wave according to the target wave, and then control the switch state of the slit opening 111 according to the interference wave. The embodiment of the present disclosure can not only realize the control of the directional angle of the target wave beam, but also realize the control of the polarization direction of the target wave beam, and realize the adjustable angle and polarization direction of the beam.

[0116] Figures 8A-8B They are respectively an interference wave pattern and a far-field directivity diagram with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under right-hand circular polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figures 9A to 9B They are respectively an interference wave pattern and a far-field radiation pattern with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under left-hand circular polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figures 10A to 10B They are respectively an interference wave pattern and a far-field directivity diagram with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under y-line polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figures 11A to 11B They are respectively an interference wave pattern and a far-field direction diagram with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under x-line polarization provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.12 A slot distribution diagram with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under right-hand circular polarization is provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.13 A slot distribution diagram with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under left-hand circular polarization is provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.14 A gap distribution diagram with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under y-line polarization is provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.15 A slot distribution diagram with a target pointing to (0°, 0°) under x-ray polarization provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Meanwhile, the working bandwidths of the four polarization directions are all 11.8-12.2 GHz.

[0117] Depend on Figure 8A to Figure 15 It can be seen that when the polarization direction of the target wave is different, the interference wave pattern is different, that is, the switching state of the switch unit is different, and further, the switching state of the slit opening is different, which ultimately leads to different far-field radiation patterns of the antenna.

[0118] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program code for beam control is stored. When the computer program code is executed by a processor, any of the above beam control method embodiments is implemented.

[0119] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, including: a processor; a memory for storing processor executable instructions, wherein the processor is configured to call the instructions stored in the memory to execute the method in any of the above beam control method embodiments.

[0120] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A holographic antenna, characterized in that: The holographic antenna comprises: a dielectric substrate, a radiation layer, and a plurality of switch units; the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other; the radiation layer is arranged on the first surface; a plurality of slit openings are arranged on the radiation layer; the switch units are arranged corresponding to the slit openings and are configured to control the switch state of the slit openings; the holographic antenna further comprises: an acquisition unit, configured to acquire a target wave and a polarity of the target wave; a construction unit configured to construct a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave; A calculation unit is configured to perform calculation based on the reference wave and the target wave to obtain an interference wave; the interference wave includes a polarization direction and a pointing angle of the target wave beam; A sampling unit, configured to perform sampling through a sampling function based on the interference wave according to the position information of each slit opening, to obtain an excitation sampling value of each slit opening; The control unit is configured to control the switch unit based on the excitation sampling value to control the switch state of the slit opening.

2. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The building blocks are specifically used for: When the polarity of the target wave is x-line polarization, the construction unit is used to constructing the reference wave; When the polarity of the target wave is y-line polarization, the construction unit is used to constructing the reference wave; When the polarity of the target wave is left-hand circular polarization, the construction unit is used to constructing the reference wave; When the polarity of the target wave is right-hand circular polarization, the construction unit is used to Constructing the reference wave, wherein a spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feeding point as the origin, is the Bessel function in the x direction, is the Bessel function in the y direction, ρ represents the distance between the reference wave and the origin in the spatial coordinate system, It represents the angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

3. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The holographic antenna further comprises a processing module configured to discretize the excitation sampling values ​​of each slit opening to obtain a discrete result; The control unit is configured to control the switch unit based on the discrete result to control the switch state of the slit opening.

4. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The holographic antenna further comprises a feeding structure configured to feed the radiation layer.

5. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch unit is any one of a PIN diode, a variable reactance diode, a liquid crystal switch, and a MEMS switch.

6. A beam steering method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a holographic antenna, which comprises: a dielectric substrate, a radiation layer, and a plurality of switch units; the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other; the radiation layer is arranged on the first surface; a plurality of slit openings are arranged on the radiation layer; the switch unit is arranged corresponding to the slit openings and is configured to control the switch state of the slit openings; the method comprises: Obtaining a target wave and the polarity of the target wave; constructing a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave; Calculating based on the reference wave and the target wave to obtain an interference wave, wherein the interference wave includes a polarization direction and a pointing angle of the target wave beam; Based on the interference wave, sampling is performed through a sampling function according to the position information of each slit opening to obtain an excitation sampling value of each slit opening; The switch unit is controlled based on the excitation sampling value to control the switch state of the slit opening.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The step of constructing a reference wave based on the polarity of the target wave comprises: When the polarity of the target wave is x-line polarization, the reference wave is When the polarity of the target wave is y-line polarization, the reference wave is When the polarity of the target wave is left-hand circular polarization, the reference wave is When the polarity of the target wave is right-hand circular polarization, the reference wave is Among them, the spatial coordinate system is established with the reference wave feeding point as the origin. is the Bessel function in the x direction, is the Bessel function in the y direction, ρ represents the distance between the reference wave and the origin in the spatial coordinate system, It represents the angle between the reference wave and the z-axis in the spatial coordinate system, and 1i represents the imaginary part of the complex number.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The controlling the switch unit based on the excitation sampling value comprises: The excitation sampling value is compared with a preset threshold value. If the excitation sampling value meets the preset threshold value, it is determined that the state of the switch unit corresponding to the excitation sampling value is on; otherwise, it is determined that the state of the switch unit corresponding to the excitation sampling value is off.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The step of obtaining the excitation sampling value of each slit opening through a sampling function comprises: Obtaining the excitation amplitude value of each slit opening by an amplitude sampling function; or The excitation angle value of each slit opening is obtained through a phase sampling function.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that When the excitation sampling value is an excitation angle value, the preset threshold is 90°.

11. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The step of obtaining the target wave comprises: The target wave is calculated according to a target wave calculation formula, wherein the formula is: is the target wave, k0 is the air wave vector, and the space coordinate system is established with the target wave feeding point as the origin. is the pointing angle of the target wave, where θ is the angle between the target wave and the z-axis, is the angle between the target wave and the x-axis, x n and m is the position coordinate representation of the target wave.

12. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that Among them, k g is the slow wave coefficient.

13. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The reference wave is interfered with the target wave to obtain the interference wave formula: in, is the target wave, is the conjugate of the reference wave.

14. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program code for beam control, wherein when the computer program code is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 6 to 13 is implemented.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: processor; A memory for storing processor executable instructions, wherein: The processor is configured to call the instructions stored in the memory to execute the method according to any one of claims 6 to 13.

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