Application of oyster mushroom bran as mosquito repellent
By removing the oyster mushroom bran, crushing, inoculating mold, compost fermentation and drying, mosquito repellent is prepared, which solves the problems of toxicity and cost of existing mosquito repellents, and achieves efficient, safe and economical mosquito repellent effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411797377.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-14
AI Technical Summary
Existing mosquito repellents have toxic safety hazards and high cost problems, making it difficult to effectively repel mosquitoes and are suitable for large-scale use.
Oyster mushroom bran is used as the raw material for mosquito repellent, and mosquito repellent is prepared by removing bags, crushing and breaking, inoculating Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma dark green, compost fermentation and low-temperature drying.
The prepared mosquito repellent has excellent mosquito repellent effect, is highly biosafe and low in cost, is suitable for widespread use on a large scale, and does not contain toxic substances.
Smart Images
Figure CN119605798A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a use of mushroom dregs, in particular to the use of mushroom dregs as a mosquito repellent. Background Art
[0002] Mosquitoes are widely distributed around the world. Insects of the family Culicidae are vectors of malaria, filariasis, yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue fever, epidemic encephalitis B, and various equine myeloencephalitis. For example, Culex pipiens can spread epidemic encephalitis B, and Anopheles sinensis is an important vector of malaria.
[0003] Female mosquitoes suck blood from humans, other mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and other animals. In most parts of the world, mosquitoes are a serious public health problem. Mosquitoes suck the blood of farmed animals, such as in cattle farms, where mosquitoes bite the skin of cattle. If there are a large number of mosquitoes, it will cause anemia in animals, especially young animals, which are weaker and will be more severely anemic after being bitten by a large number of mosquitoes. For example, piglets may have pale skin and slow growth after being bitten by a large number of mosquitoes.
[0004] Mosquitoes will crawl and rest on the fruiting bodies of mushrooms, which may cause damage to the surface of the mushrooms. The tissues of mushrooms are relatively fragile, and the activities of mosquitoes may cause scratches and damage to the caps and gills, thus affecting the appearance quality of the mushrooms. For example, if Agaricus bisporus is frequently touched by mosquitoes during its growth, dents may appear on the surface of its cap, reducing its commercial value.
[0005] At present, the main ingredients of mosquito repellents used in farms and plantations are divided into two categories: chemical preparations and plant extracts. Chemical preparations are toxic and pose safety risks; while plant extracts have higher biological safety, but the cost is too high. Summary of the invention
[0006] In order to solve the defects of the above-mentioned existing mosquito repellents, the present invention provides an application of Pleurotus ostreatus husk as a mosquito repellent.
[0007] The invention discloses an application of oyster mushroom bran as a mosquito repellent. The oyster mushroom bran is used as a mosquito repellent.
[0008] Furthermore, the mushroom bran is used as an active ingredient in mosquito repellent.
[0009] Furthermore, the oyster mushroom residue is removed from the bag, and after the material bags are separated, the residue is broken up and inoculated with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma cyanobacteria. Thereafter, the moisture content is adjusted to 60% to 70%, and the pH value is adjusted to 5 to 7. The compost is fermented for 20 to 25 days, and then the pile is turned and dried at low temperature until the moisture content is reduced to below 15%. The product can be used to repel mosquitoes or as an active ingredient in mosquito repellents.
[0010] Furthermore, the mushroom bran is mainly made of corn cobs.
[0011] Furthermore, the inoculation amount of Aspergillus niger is 10 to 100 per gram of bacterial bran; the inoculation amount of Trichoderma viride is 10 to 100 per gram of bacterial bran.
[0012] Furthermore, the low temperature drying temperature is 60°C.
[0013] Furthermore, the high temperature composting temperature is 60-65°C, and the high temperature lasts for more than 7 days.
[0014] The mosquito repellent I is prepared according to the following steps: the mushroom dregs are unbagged, the dregs are broken up after the material bags are separated, and black aspergillus and dark green trichoderma are inoculated; then the moisture content is adjusted to 60% to 70%, and the pH value is adjusted to 5 to 7, the compost is fermented for 20 to 25 days, and then the compost is turned and dried at low temperature until the moisture content is reduced to below 15%, so as to obtain the mosquito repellent I.
[0015] The mosquito repellent II, the main component of which is prepared according to the following steps: the mushroom dregs are unbagged, the mushroom dregs are broken up after the material bags are separated, and black aspergillus and dark green trichoderma are inoculated; then the moisture content is adjusted to 60% to 70%, and the pH value is adjusted to 5 to 7, the compost is fermented for 20 to 25 days, and then the compost is turned and dried at low temperature until the moisture content is reduced to below 15%, so as to obtain the main component of the mosquito repellent II.
[0016] Furthermore, the main component of the mosquito repellent II is further crushed and then mixed with sawdust powder and starch to prepare mosquito coils.
[0017] Furthermore, the particle size of the sawdust powder is less than 200 meshes, and the particle size of the main component of the mosquito repellent II after crushing is less than 200 meshes; the mass ratio of the main component of the mosquito repellent II to the sawdust powder and starch is (7-8):1:2.
[0018] Furthermore, the inoculation amount of Aspergillus niger is 10 to 100 per gram of bacterial bran, and the inoculation amount of Trichoderma viride is 10 to 100 per gram of bacterial bran.
[0019] The invention uses waste oyster mushroom husks as mosquito repellent, which has the advantage of turning waste into treasure. Moreover, the oyster mushroom husks are non-toxic, have no potential safety hazards, are low in cost, have high biological safety, and can be widely used over a large area.
[0020] The mosquito repellent prepared by the invention has the characteristic of excellent mosquito repellent effect.
[0021] The invention uses discarded edible fungus chaff as raw material for secondary processing to prepare mosquito repellent, which is economical, environmentally friendly and meets the requirements of green circular agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1This is an enlarged observation picture of the oyster mushroom husk that was naturally fermented for 8 days in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0024] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
[0025] Example 1
[0026] In this embodiment, the oyster mushroom bran is used as a mosquito repellent: the oyster mushroom bran is removed from the bag, the bran is broken up after the bag is separated, and inoculated with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma cyanobacteria; then the moisture content is adjusted to 60% to 70%, and the pH value is adjusted to 5 to 7, the compost is fermented for 20 to 25 days, and then the pile is turned and dried at low temperature until the moisture content is reduced to below 15%. The product can be used to repel mosquitoes or as an active ingredient of a mosquito repellent.
[0027] Example 2
[0028] In this embodiment, mosquito repellent I is prepared from oyster mushroom husks: the oyster mushroom husks are unbagged, the husks are broken up after the material bags are separated, and inoculated with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride; then the moisture content is adjusted to 60%-65%, and the pH value is adjusted to 6, the compost is fermented for 20 days, and then the compost is turned and dried at low temperature until the moisture content is reduced to 10%, thereby obtaining mosquito repellent I.
[0029] In this embodiment, the main component of the oyster mushroom husk is corn cob; the low-temperature drying temperature is 60°C, the inoculation amount of Aspergillus niger is 10-20 per gram of husk, and the inoculation amount of Trichoderma viride is 20-50 per gram of husk. The composting fermentation environment temperature is 15-20°C. Among them, the high-temperature composting temperature is 60-65°C, and the high temperature lasts for 7-8 days.
[0030] The magnified observation picture of the oyster mushroom husk composting fermentation for 20 days in this example is as follows Figure 1 As shown, a large number of mold spores can be observed. The mold spores produced on the surface of the edible fungus husk of the present example were collected for identification, and the main (more than 98.4%) were dark green Trichoderma spores and Aspergillus niger spores.
[0031] Example 3
[0032] In this embodiment, mosquito repellent I is prepared from oyster mushroom husk: the oyster mushroom husk is unbagged, the husk is broken and scattered after the bag is separated, and Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride are inoculated; then the moisture content is adjusted to 65% to 70%, and the pH value is adjusted to 5.5, the compost is fermented for 25 days, and then the compost is turned and dried at low temperature until the moisture content is reduced to 12%, so as to obtain the mosquito repellent.
[0033] In this embodiment, the main component of the oyster mushroom husk is corn cob, the low temperature drying temperature is 60°C, the inoculation amount of Aspergillus niger is 30-50 / g husk, and the inoculation amount of Trichoderma viride is 20-30 / g husk. The composting fermentation environment temperature is 15-20°C. Among them, the high temperature composting temperature is 60-65°C, and the high temperature lasts for 8-10 days.
[0034] A large number of mold spores can also be observed in the 25-day compost fermentation of the oyster mushroom husk in this example, which is similar to that in Example 1. The mold spores produced on the surface of the oyster mushroom husk in this example were collected for identification, and the main (more than 98.7%) were dark green Trichoderma spores and Aspergillus niger spores.
[0035] Trial and Test:
[0036] The mosquito repellents obtained in Example 2 and Example 3 were subjected to toxicology experiments (evaluating the toxicity and pathogenicity of the strains through animal experiments) and pathogenicity tests (evaluating whether the samples carry or produce pathogens to avoid harm during use).
[0037] Toxicology experiments: In acute tests, oral poisoning is usually done by gavage, which provides accurate dosage.
[0038] Mice (healthy mice weighing 18-25g): When gavage, press the needle on the syringe and inhale the mixture mixed with mosquito repellent. Grasp the skin on the back and neck of the mouse with your left hand to fix the animal, hold the syringe with your right hand, insert the gavage needle into the animal's mouth, and slowly insert it into the esophagus along the posterior wall of the pharynx. There should be no resistance when the needle is inserted. If you feel resistance or the animal struggles, stop inserting the needle or pull it out immediately to avoid damaging or puncturing the esophagus or accidentally entering the esophagus. The gavage volume for mice is usually 0.2-1ml, and the median lethal dose (LD50) is calculated. 50 ).
[0039] Pathogenicity detection: The mosquito repellent samples of Example 2 and Example 3 were obtained in strict accordance with the operating procedures, and pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria were isolated and cultured, the distribution of pathogens in the samples was detected, and bacterial resistance was determined.
[0040] The results of toxicology experiments and pathogenicity tests are shown in Table 1.
[0041] After the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus grows, the remaining mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus and the inoculated Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma mellifera undergo re-fermentation together to produce a series of acids and ethers. These acids and ethers have special smells and chemical properties, which can interfere with the sensory system of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes mainly rely on their keen sense of smell and other sensory organs to find hosts, suitable breeding environments and food sources. The smells emitted by the acids and ethers produced by the method of the present invention will interfere with mosquitoes, making it difficult for them to recognize the odor signals that originally attracted them, and also prompting mosquitoes to escape.
[0042] Due to the long-term low-temperature drying, the molds (including dark green Trichoderma and Aspergillus niger) are killed; and some biochemical reactions are produced in the process, which promotes the decomposition of its harmful substances.
[0043] Table 1
[0044] Example 2 Example 3 <![CDATA[LD 50 ]]> 23.7mg / kg 22.4mg / kg Pathogenicity testing No pathogens were detected No pathogens were detected
[0045] According to the test data in Table 1, it can be seen that the mosquito repellent of the present invention has excellent biological safety and is harmless to humans, animals and the environment.
[0046] Mosquito repellent test:
[0047] The mosquito repellent of Example 2 was piled up in ponds, meadows, pig houses, and cowsheds for 7 minutes. Each group of mosquito repellent was divided into 6 piles, each weighing 1kg. The 6 piles were equidistantly arranged in a circle with a circular diameter of 2 meters. A portable fully automatic mosquito sampler (or mosquito density monitor) was placed at the center of the circle. Under the same environment, a portable fully automatic mosquito sampler was also set up 30 meters away as a control group. The test data statistical time was 1 day, 5 days, 20 days, and 30 days, respectively. During the test, the number of rainy days was 4 days. The sampler was changed every day, and the number of mosquitoes captured was superimposed. The statistical results of the number of captured mosquitoes are shown in Table 2.
[0048] Table 2
[0049] 1 day 1 day 5 days 5 days 20 days 20 days 30 days 30 days Example 2 Control group Example 2 Control group Example 2 Control group Example 2 Control group pond 33 73 145 436 729 1647 1196 2463 Meadow 24 51 105 394 624 1475 975 2046 Pigsty 12 37 54 237 249 925 487 1288 Cowshed 26 53 103 413 507 1429 883 1956
[0050] The mosquito repellent of Example 3 was piled up in ponds, meadows, pig houses, and cowsheds for 8 minutes. Each group of mosquito repellent was divided into 6 piles, each weighing 1 kg. The 6 piles were equidistantly arranged in a circle with a diameter of 2 meters. A portable fully automatic mosquito sampler (or mosquito density monitor) was placed at the center of the circle. Under the same environment, a portable fully automatic mosquito sampler was also set up 30 meters away as a control group. The test data statistical time was 1 day, 5 days, 20 days, and 30 days, respectively. During the test, the number of rainy days was 7 days. The sampler was replaced every day, and the number of mosquitoes captured was superimposed. The statistical results of the number of captured mosquitoes are shown in Table 3.
[0051] Table 3
[0052] 1 day 1 day 5 days 5 days 20 days 20 days 30 days 30 days Example 3 Control group Example 3 Control group Example 3 Control group Example 3 Control group pond 56 127 233 793 986 3046 1524 4537 Meadow 26 56 103 415 460 1509 983 1902 Pigsty 20 43 84 293 368 1265 563 1392 Cowshed 24 55 118 447 471 1230 957 2125
[0053] According to the test results, the mosquito repellent effect of the mosquito repellent of the present invention on the first day of placement is only more than 50%; as the placement time increases (5 to 20 days), the mosquito repellent effect of the mosquito repellent I of the present invention is improved, and the mosquito repellent rate reaches about 70%; but when the placement time is too long (30 days), the mosquito repellent effect of the mosquito repellent I of the present invention decreases slightly, but still has an obvious mosquito repellent effect. It can be seen that the mosquito repellent I of the present invention can effectively repel mosquitoes for a long time, is suitable for the wild, rural areas, near rivers and ponds, and has a wide range of applications.
[0054] The rainfall did not affect the mosquito repellent effect of the insect repellent.
[0055] The analysis shows that the fungus bran components effectively adsorb the acids and ethers produced by the method of the present invention, thereby achieving the protection and sustained release of the acids and ethers.
[0056] Example 4
[0057] In this embodiment, mosquito repellent II is prepared from oyster mushroom husk: the main component of the mosquito repellent is prepared according to the following steps: the oyster mushroom husk is unbagged, the husk is broken up after the bag is separated, and inoculated with black aspergillus and dark green trichoderma; then the moisture content is adjusted to 60% to 70%, and the pH value is adjusted to 5 to 7, and the fertilizer is fermented for 20 to 25 days, and then the pile is turned and dried at low temperature until the moisture content is reduced to less than 15%, so as to obtain the main component of mosquito repellent II. The main component of mosquito repellent II is further crushed to a particle size of less than 200 mesh, and then mixed with sawdust powder and starch to make mosquito coils;
[0058] In this embodiment, the main component of the oyster mushroom chaff is corn cob, the low-temperature drying temperature is 60°C, the inoculation amount of Aspergillus niger is 30-50 per gram of chaff, and the inoculation amount of Trichoderma viride is 20-30 per gram of chaff. The composting fermentation environment temperature is 15-20°C. The particle size of the sawdust powder is less than 200 mesh; the mass ratio of the main component of the mosquito repellent II to the sawdust powder and starch is (7-8):1:2.
[0059] Among them, the high-temperature composting temperature is 60-65°C, and the high temperature lasts for 10 days.
[0060] In this embodiment, starch is added to a small amount of water and stirred to disperse uniformly, and then water is added, stirred and mixed to disperse uniformly, heated and stirred continuously until the starch is completely gelatinized to form an adhesive, and then sawdust powder and the main ingredients of the mosquito repellent II are mixed uniformly in proportion and added to the adhesive, and stirred sufficiently to obtain a viscous paste. Finally, the viscous paste prepared above is injected into a mold for pressure molding or poured into a mold frame to form a sheet, and then cut to obtain a molded mosquito repellent II.
[0061] The mosquito repellent II prepared by the present invention does not contain any substance harmful to the human body, and no substance harmful to the human body is generated except for ultrafine particles-smoke during combustion and use. The flame and smoke are slightly larger than those of existing mosquito coils, and the combustion speed is slightly faster.
[0062] Comparative mosquito repellent test:
[0063] Select two rooms with the same area of 20 square meters and the same height, and make sure the rooms are airtight to maintain relatively stable environmental conditions. Clean the rooms and ensure that there are no other mosquito control products or interferences that may affect the test results. Select female adult mosquitoes of sensitive strains, such as Culex pipiens pallens or Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, and ensure that the mosquitoes are healthy and active.
[0064] Test environment setting: The temperature of the two test rooms was adjusted to 26±1°C and the humidity was adjusted to 60% to 80%.
[0065] Mosquito release: In two test rooms, use an insect sucker or other suitable tools to evenly release 50 mosquitoes in each room.
[0066] Lighting up the mosquito coil: Place the commercially available mosquito coil and the mosquito repellent II prepared in this example at the specified positions in the respective rooms (such as on a bracket in the center of the room), and light them up.
[0067] Observation records: Record the knockdown and death numbers of mosquitoes 1 hour after the mosquito coils finish burning.
[0068] The criteria for judging whether a mosquito has been knocked down are: the mosquito is lying on its side or back and cannot fly or crawl normally.
[0069] Statistics:
[0070] Calculate the knockdown rate = (number of mosquitoes knocked down / total number of mosquitoes released) × 100%
[0071] Calculate the mortality rate = (number of dead mosquitoes / total number of released mosquitoes) × 100%.
[0072] Each group of comparative tests was carried out 3 times, and the experimental results are shown in Table 4.
[0073] Table 4
[0074]
[0075] The experimental results show that the mosquito repellent II prepared in this example has substantially the same effect as commercially available mosquito coils.
Claims
1. An application of Pleurotus ostreatus husk as a mosquito repellent, characterized in that: Use the husk of Pleurotus ostreatus as an insect repellent.
2. The use of the oyster mushroom husk as a mosquito repellent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application of Pleurotus ostreatus husk as an active ingredient of mosquito repellent.
3. The use of the oyster mushroom husk as a mosquito repellent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oyster mushroom residue is removed from the bag and broken up after the material bags are separated, and inoculated with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma cyanobacteria; then the moisture content is adjusted to 60%-70%, and the pH value is adjusted to 5-7, the compost is fermented for 20-25 days, and then the pile is turned and dried at low temperature until the moisture content is reduced to below 15%. The product can be used to repel mosquitoes or as an active ingredient in mosquito repellents.
4. The use of the oyster mushroom husk as a mosquito repellent according to claim 3, characterized in that: The low temperature drying temperature is 60℃.
5. The use of the oyster mushroom husk as a mosquito repellent according to claim 3, characterized in that: Oyster mushroom bran is mainly made from corn cobs.
6. Mosquito repellent I, characterized in that: The mosquito repellent is prepared according to the following steps: the mushroom dregs are removed from bags, the dregs are broken up after the bags are separated, and black aspergillus and dark green trichoderma are inoculated; then the moisture content is adjusted to 60% to 70%, and the pH value is adjusted to 5 to 7, the compost is fermented for 20 to 25 days, and then the compost is turned and dried at low temperature until the moisture content is reduced to below 15%, so as to obtain the mosquito repellent I.
7. Mosquito repellent II, characterized in that: The main component of the mosquito repellent is prepared according to the following steps: the mushroom dregs are removed from the bags, the dregs are broken up after the material bags are separated, and black aspergillus and dark green trichoderma are inoculated; then the moisture content is adjusted to 60% to 70%, and the pH value is adjusted to 5 to 7, the compost is fermented for 20 to 25 days, and then the compost is turned and dried at low temperature until the moisture content is reduced to below 15%, so as to obtain the main component of the mosquito repellent II.
8. The mosquito repellent II according to claim 7, characterized in that: The main component of the mosquito repellent II is further crushed and then mixed with sawdust powder and starch to make mosquito coils.
9. The mosquito repellent II according to claim 7, characterized in that: The particle size of the sawdust powder is less than 200 meshes, and the particle size of the main component of the mosquito repellent II after crushing is less than 200 meshes; the mass ratio of the main component of the mosquito repellent II to the sawdust powder and starch is (7-8):1:
2.
10. The use of the oyster mushroom husk as a mosquito repellent according to claim 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that: The inoculation amount of Aspergillus niger is 10 to 100 per gram of fungus husk; the inoculation amount of Trichoderma viride is 10 to 100 per gram of fungus husk.