A high-speed train bow slide structure based on flow diversion and vortex breaking

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-speed train pantograph slide structure based on flow diversion and vortex breaking. On its windward surface, several L-shaped flow channels are spaced along its length to divert incoming airflow and direct the diverted airflow downward. The airflow ejected downward from the L-shaped flow channels lifts the slide, ensuring stable and reliable contact between the pantograph and the catenary. This invention increases the pantograph's aerodynamic lift and reduces aerodynamic drag, thereby improving the aerodynamic performance of the high-speed train pantograph and the contact between the pantograph and the catenary, thereby ensuring safe and efficient train operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pantographs, and in particular to a pantograph slide plate structure for a high-speed train based on flow diversion and vortex breaking. Background Art

[0002] The pantograph is a key component of electric locomotives, drawing power from the catenary to drive the vehicle. Protruding from the top of the vehicle body, the pantograph is a rod-shaped structure. Cylinders drive the pantograph's upper frame, lower arm, and lower pull rod, raising the pantograph head and connecting it to the catenary. A reasonable preload is maintained between the pantograph and the catenary, ensuring stable contact and minimal wear on the carbon slide.

[0003] The high-speed airflow generated by train operation can cause pantographs to vibrate due to flow, which can easily lead to instability and poor pantograph-catenary contact. Currently, efforts to reduce the impact of pantograph-catenary contact by reducing the stiffness of the sleeves on both sides of the pantograph head can mitigate this. However, the combined excitation of aerodynamic forces and the catenary can exacerbate pantograph vibration, especially on high-speed trains that can reach speeds exceeding 350 km / h. Therefore, ensuring stable and reliable contact between the pantograph and the catenary is crucial to the safety and efficiency of high-speed trains. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-speed train bow head slide plate structure based on diversion and vortex breaking, which can increase the aerodynamic lift of the bow head and reduce the aerodynamic resistance, thereby improving the aerodynamic performance of the high-speed train pantograph and improving the contact state of the pantograph and the catenary, thereby ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the train.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows.

[0006] A high-speed train bow slide structure based on diversion and vortex breaking has a windward surface with several L-shaped flow channels spaced apart along the length direction for diverting the incoming flow and ejecting the diverted airflow downward. The airflow ejected downward from the L-shaped flow channel lifts the pantograph on the slide to ensure stable and reliable contact between the pantograph and the contact network.

[0007] Preferably, the slide plate is slidingly equipped with a number of sliders which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the L-shaped flow channel and are used to slide along the windward side to the leeward side under the influence of wind after the incoming flow to change the cross-sectional area of ​​the L-shaped flow channel. During the sliding process, the sliders protrude toward the leeward side to achieve vortex breaking.

[0008] Preferably, the skateboard includes a skateboard body with streamlined ends, and the skateboard body includes an aluminum alloy part and a carbon plate part arranged on the top of the aluminum alloy part; the aluminum alloy part is provided with a plurality of air inlets spaced apart along the length direction, which are opened from the windward side to the leeward side and are used to play a diversion role to reduce the aerodynamic resistance of the windward side of the skateboard body; the bottom center part of the aluminum alloy part is provided with air outlets corresponding to each air inlet one by one to form an L-shaped flow channel.

[0009] Preferably, the slider is assembled inside the air inlet in a sliding manner from the windward side to the leeward side, and the back of the slider protrudes the aluminum alloy portion when the slider slides in the leeward direction.

[0010] Preferably, each L-shaped flow channel is fully opened when the slider slides to the restricted position.

[0011] Preferably, the aluminum alloy part includes an upper half of the aluminum alloy part and a lower half of the aluminum alloy part assembled up and down by bolts, and rectangular cuts are provided on the opposite surfaces of the upper half of the aluminum alloy part and the lower half of the aluminum alloy part at equal intervals along the length direction, and the air inlet is formed by closing the rectangular cuts on the upper half of the aluminum alloy part and the lower half of the aluminum alloy part; the air outlet is opened in the middle part of the lower half of the aluminum alloy part and is a rectangle with the same length as the air inlet.

[0012] Preferably, the two sides of the slider are slidably assembled with the air inlet through a guide rail slider mechanism; the slider is a rectangle that is compatible with the air inlet, and slider side grooves are provided on both sides of the slider; air inlet side grooves that are compatible with the slider side grooves are provided on both sides of the internal flow channel of the air inlet; the guide rail slider mechanism includes a connecting slider, and a pulley is provided on both sides of the connecting slider for realizing the sliding assembly of the connecting slider with the slider side groove and the air inlet side groove.

[0013] Preferably, streamlined structures and mounting supports for supporting the skateboard body are respectively provided at the left and right ends of the bottom of the skateboard body, and the two mounting supports are symmetrically installed relative to the center of the skateboard body; the mounting support includes a cylindrical support and a streamlined aluminum alloy plate fixedly arranged on the top of the cylindrical support and fixedly connected to the end of the upper half of the aluminum alloy part.

[0014] Preferably, the two ends of the upper half of the aluminum alloy part are streamlined structures that are compatible with the streamlined aluminum alloy plates, the carbon plate part is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the upper half of the aluminum alloy part, and the two ends of the carbon plate part are streamlined structures that smoothly transition to the two ends of the upper half of the aluminum alloy part; the lower half of the aluminum alloy part is located between the two streamlined aluminum alloy plates and is seamlessly abutted against the two streamlined aluminum alloy plates.

[0015] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical progress achieved by the present invention is as follows.

[0016] The present invention can reduce the aerodynamic resistance of the windward side of the skateboard body by diverting the air through the air inlet, air outlet and the slider, and the diverted gas is ejected downward through the air outlet to enhance the aerodynamic lift of the pantograph bow head; at the same time, when the train is running, the air flow pushes the slider to move until it reaches the limit. When the limit is reached, the protruding part of the slider relative to the skateboard body destroys the vortex on the leeward side of the skateboard body, reduces the pressure difference between the front and back, and achieves the effect of reducing the aerodynamic resistance of the pantograph bow head. In addition, by providing the air inlet, air outlet and the protruding part of the slider when the train reaches stable operation, the Karman vortex shedding phenomenon of the skateboard body is weakened, and the damage to the pantograph bow head caused by the resonance generated by the skateboard body during vortex shedding is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 An exploded view of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional working principle diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a two-dimensional working principle diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 Comparison diagram of cross-sectional streamlines of the present invention and the existing carbon slide (the top is the cross-sectional streamline diagram of the existing carbon slide, and the bottom is the cross-sectional streamline diagram of the present invention);

[0022] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the lift effect of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a resistance effect diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the rectangular slider structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting slider structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a working principle diagram of the rectangular slider and the connecting slider of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 11 This is a two-dimensional working principle diagram of the side sliding groove of the air inlet according to the present invention.

[0028] Among them: 1. Cylindrical support, 2. Lower half of aluminum alloy part, 3. Upper half of aluminum alloy part, 4. Carbon plate part, 5. Streamlined aluminum alloy plate, 6. Slider, 7. Air outlet, 8. Air inlet, 9. Slider side groove, 10. Connecting slider, 11. Pulley, 12. Air inlet side groove, 13. Front end face. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] A high-speed train bow slide structure based on flow diversion and vortex breaking, combined with Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the windward side of the slide is equipped with several L-shaped flow channels spaced along its length. These channels divert incoming airflow and direct the diverted airflow downward. The airflow ejected downward from the L-shaped flow channels supports the pantograph on the slide, ensuring stable and reliable contact with the catenary. Several sliders 6 are slidably mounted on the slide, each corresponding to a corresponding L-shaped flow channel. In response to incoming airflow, the sliders 6 slide along the windward side toward the leeward side, thereby changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the L-shaped flow channels. Simultaneously, as they slide, the sliders 6 bulge toward the leeward side, thereby breaking up vortices.

[0031] Specifically, the skateboard includes a skateboard body and a mounting support, wherein both ends of the skateboard body are streamlined structures; the mounting support is a streamlined structure for supporting the skateboard body. There are two mounting supports, which are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the bottom of the skateboard body and are installed symmetrically relative to the center of the skateboard body. The mounting support includes a cylindrical support 1 and a streamlined aluminum alloy plate 5, and the streamlined aluminum alloy plate 5 is fixedly arranged on the top of the cylindrical support 1 by welding, and the streamlined aluminum alloy plate 5 is fixedly connected to the skateboard body. At the same time, the streamlined structure improves the situation where the pantograph has poor contact with the contact network when it is offset during the operation of the train.

[0032] The skateboard body includes an aluminum alloy part and a carbon plate part 4, wherein the carbon plate part 4 is arranged on the top of the aluminum alloy part; the aluminum alloy part is connected to the mounting support, and a plurality of air inlets 8 are spaced apart along the length direction of the aluminum alloy part, and the air inlets 8 are opened from the windward side to the leeward side; an air outlet 7 is opened in the middle part of the bottom of the aluminum alloy part at a position corresponding to each air inlet 8, and each air outlet 7 is connected to each air inlet 8 in a one-to-one manner, thereby forming an L-shaped flow channel.

[0033] Sliding block 6 slides from windward to leeward within air inlet 8, fitting snugly within it. Under the influence of wind during high-speed train operation, slider 6 can move back and forth within air inlet 8, redirecting airflow from inlet 8 downward through outlet 7 while also altering the cross-sectional area of ​​outlet 7. When slider 6 reaches its restricted position, each L-shaped flow channel is fully open. Furthermore, as slider 6 slides leeward, its back portion projects an aluminum alloy portion.

[0034] The aluminum alloy portion includes an upper portion 3 and a lower portion 2, which are assembled vertically by bolts. The ends of the upper portion 3 are streamlined structures that match the streamlined aluminum alloy plates 5 and are fixedly connected to the streamlined aluminum alloy plates 5. The carbon plate portion 4 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the upper portion 3, and the ends of the carbon plate portion 4 are streamlined structures that smoothly transition to the ends of the upper portion 3. The lower portion 2 is located between the two streamlined aluminum alloy plates 5 and abuts against them seamlessly.

[0035] The opposing surfaces of the aluminum alloy upper portion 3 and the aluminum alloy lower portion 2 are each provided with rectangular cutouts at equal intervals along the length. The air inlet 8 is rectangular, formed by closing the rectangular cutouts in the aluminum alloy upper portion 3 and the aluminum alloy lower portion 2. The air outlet 7 is located in the center of the aluminum alloy lower portion 2. The air outlet 7 is rectangular and has the same length as the air inlet 8. The slider 6 is rectangular and has the same dimensions as the air inlet 8. Both sides of the slider 6 slide together with the air inlet 8 via a guide rail mechanism.

[0036] like Figures 8 to 11 As shown, when viewed from the front end 13 of the slider 6, slider side grooves 9 are provided on both sides of the slider 6. Specifically, the slider 6 is divided into two entities at the limit position of one end of the slider side groove 9 and connected by bolts, thereby forming the slider side groove 9. Inlet side grooves 12 are provided on both sides of the internal flow channel of the air inlet 8. The air inlet side grooves 12 are adapted to the slider side grooves 9. Specifically, the aluminum alloy upper half 3 and the aluminum alloy lower half 2 are assembled by bolts to form the air inlet side grooves 12. The guide rail slider mechanism includes a connecting slider 10. Pulleys 11 are provided on both sides of the connecting slider 10. The pulley 11 on one side is located in the slider side groove 9, and the pulley 11 on the other side is located in the air inlet side groove 12. The connecting slider 10 is slidably assembled with the slider side groove 9 and the air inlet side groove 12 via the pulleys 11, thereby enabling the slider 6 to move back and forth in the air inlet 8 when the high-speed train is running, and providing position limit protection for the movement of the slider 6.

[0037] like Figures 3 and 4As shown, when a high-speed train is running, part of the airflow on the windward side of the slider body enters the flow channel through the air inlet 8. The opening of the air inlet 8 acts as a diversion, reducing the aerodynamic resistance of the slider body's windward side. The airflow then exits through the L-shaped flow channel and exits from the air outlet 7. The downward airflow relative to the slider body increases the aerodynamic lift applied to the slider body, thereby ensuring stable and reliable contact between the pantograph and the contact network. When the high-speed train begins running, the slider 6 moves in the air inlet 8 under the thrust of the airflow until it reaches the limit. At this point, the back of the slider 6 protrudes from the slider body. The protruding portion disrupts the vortex on the leeward side of the slider body, reducing the pressure difference between the front and back, and thus reducing the aerodynamic resistance of the pantograph head. Furthermore, by providing the air inlet 8, the air outlet 7, and the protruding portion of the slider 6 during stable operation, the Karman vortex shedding phenomenon of the slider body is weakened, reducing the damage to the pantograph head caused by the resonance generated by the slider body during vortex shedding.

[0038] In order to clarify the effect of the present invention, the present invention is modeled and simulated. Through simulation, the common pantograph carbon slide prototype and the simulation results of the present invention are compared to verify the effect of the present invention. Specifically, the prototype and the present invention model are placed in the fluid domain with the same size and specifications, and the speed of the air inlet 8 is set to 60m / s, and simulation calculations are performed respectively. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the vortex size of the prototype backflow surface is larger than that of the model of the present invention, and obvious vortex shedding occurs; the vortex size of the backflow surface of the model of the present invention is smaller, and there is no vortex shedding, which reduces the resonance damage caused by vortex shedding. Figures 6 and 7 As shown in the figure, a comparative analysis of the simulation results of the prototype and the proposed model shows that the lift of the proposed model is greater than that of the prototype, and the stability of the aerodynamic lift of the proposed model is far superior to that of the prototype. The aerodynamic drag of the proposed model is less than that of the prototype, and the aerodynamic drag curve has a smooth transition.

[0039] When the present invention is in use, the skateboard body is connected to the pantograph head through the mounting support, which can increase the aerodynamic lift of the pantograph head, reduce the aerodynamic drag and suppress the vibration of the pantograph head, enhance the aerodynamic performance of the high-speed train pantograph, and improve the contact state of the pantograph and the catenary, thereby ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the train.

Claims

1. A high-speed train bow slide structure based on flow diversion and vortex breaking, characterized by: The windward surface of the slide plate is provided with a plurality of L-shaped flow channels spaced along the length thereof for diverting the incoming flow and ejecting the diverted airflow downward. The airflow ejected downward from the L-shaped flow channels lifts the pantograph on the slide plate to maintain stable and reliable contact with the contact network. The slide plate is slidably equipped with a plurality of sliders (6) arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the L-shaped flow channel, and is used to slide along the windward side toward the leeward side under the influence of wind force after the incoming flow to change the cross-sectional area of ​​the L-shaped flow channel. During the sliding process, the sliders (6) protrude toward the leeward side to achieve vortex breaking.

2. The high-speed train bow slide structure based on flow diversion and vortex breaking according to claim 1 is characterized by: The skateboard comprises a skateboard body with streamlined ends, the skateboard body comprising an aluminum alloy portion and a carbon plate portion (4) arranged on top of the aluminum alloy portion; a plurality of air inlets (8) are provided on the aluminum alloy portion along the length direction, extending from the windward side to the leeward side and used to play a diversion role to reduce the aerodynamic resistance of the windward side of the skateboard body; an air outlet (7) is provided at a position in the middle of the bottom of the aluminum alloy portion corresponding to each air inlet (8) and connected to each air inlet (8) to form an L-shaped flow channel.

3. The high-speed train bow slide structure based on flow diversion and vortex breaking according to claim 2 is characterized by: The slider (6) is mounted inside the air inlet (8) in a sliding manner along the windward side toward the leeward side, and the back of the slider (6) protrudes the aluminum alloy portion when the slider (6) slides toward the leeward side.

4. The high-speed train bow slide structure based on flow diversion and vortex breaking according to claim 3 is characterized by: When the slider (6) slides to the restricted position, each L-shaped flow channel is fully opened.

5. The high-speed train bow slide structure based on flow diversion and vortex breaking according to claim 3 is characterized by: The aluminum alloy part comprises an upper aluminum alloy part (3) and a lower aluminum alloy part (2) assembled by bolts, and rectangular cutouts are provided on the opposite surfaces of the upper aluminum alloy part (3) and the lower aluminum alloy part (2) at equal intervals along the length direction, and the air inlet (8) is formed by closing the rectangular cutouts on the upper aluminum alloy part (3) and the lower aluminum alloy part (2); the air outlet (7) is provided in the middle of the lower aluminum alloy part (2) and is a rectangle with the same length as the air inlet (8).

6. The high-speed train bow slide structure based on flow diversion and vortex breaking according to claim 5 is characterized by: The two sides of the slider (6) are slidably assembled with the air inlet (8) through a guide rail slider mechanism; the slider (6) is a rectangle that matches the air inlet (8), and slider side slide grooves (9) are provided on both sides of the slider (6); air inlet side slide grooves (12) that match the slider side slide grooves (9) are provided on both sides of the internal flow channel of the air inlet (8); the guide rail slider mechanism includes a connecting slider (10), and a pulley (11) is provided on both sides of the connecting slider (10) for realizing the sliding assembly of the connecting slider (10) with the slider side slide grooves (9) and the air inlet side slide grooves (12).

7. The high-speed train bow slide structure based on flow diversion and vortex breaking according to claim 6 is characterized by: The left and right ends of the bottom of the skateboard body are respectively provided with streamlined structures and mounting supports for supporting the skateboard body, and the two mounting supports are symmetrically installed relative to the center of the skateboard body; the mounting supports include a cylindrical support (1) and a streamlined aluminum alloy plate (5) fixedly arranged on the top of the cylindrical support (1) and fixedly connected to the end of the upper half (3) of the aluminum alloy part.

8. The high-speed train bow slide structure based on flow diversion and vortex breaking according to claim 7 is characterized by: The two ends of the upper half (3) of the aluminum alloy portion are streamlined structures that match the streamlined aluminum alloy plates (5); the carbon plate portion (4) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the upper half (3) of the aluminum alloy portion, and the two ends of the carbon plate portion (4) are streamlined structures that smoothly transition to the two ends of the upper half (3) of the aluminum alloy portion; the lower half (2) of the aluminum alloy portion is located between the two streamlined aluminum alloy plates (5) and abuts against the two streamlined aluminum alloy plates (5) without a gap.

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