Integrated waterproof sealing structure of high-water-pressure shield tunnel and construction method

Abstract

An integrated waterproof sealing structure of a high-water-pressure shield tunnel comprises an integrated waterproof sealing gasket and a pipe piece groove, the middle of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket is an ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber sealing gasket with a hole, the two sides of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket are constant-resistance rubber with constant-resistance bodies, a corrugated surface is arranged on the outer portion of the constant-resistance rubber, and a conical rubber body is arranged in the constant-resistance rubber. A conical rubber body insertion seam is formed in the middle; the duct piece groove is designed to be in a variable cross-section form and is composed of a compression groove with a compression space and an insertion groove for constant-resistance rubber to be inserted. The invention further provides a construction method of the integrated waterproof sealing structure of the high-water-pressure shield tunnel. The sealing gasket is high in pulling resistance and stretching resistance, reliable waterproof guarantee can be provided, high waterproof capacity is provided for the high-water-pressure shield tunnel under the complex load bearing condition, and long-term safe operation of the tunnel is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, and in particular to the design and construction method of a waterproof sealing structure in a high-water-pressure shield tunnel, and specifically to a waterproof sealing structure suitable for use in a high-water-pressure environment and capable of coping with a large segment opening and misalignment, and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In modern tunnel construction, especially in high-pressure shield tunnel construction, waterproofing has always been a key construction problem. Traditional shield tunnel segment sealing pads generally use waterproof sealing pads made of EPDM rubber. The sealing pads are respectively pasted in the grooves of adjacent segments. During the segment assembly process, the sealing pads are squeezed to make them fit tightly and obtain a certain contact stress to achieve the effect of water stopping. However, when encountering uneven stratum settlement, external load or reduced bolt tightening force, the segment opening or misalignment will exceed the design requirements, and the contact stress between traditional waterproof sealing pads will be significantly reduced, resulting in reduced sealing effect and serious consequences such as leakage.

[0003] Especially in complex stress environments, when the segment opening or misalignment is large, the waterproofing ability of traditional gaskets is obviously insufficient and cannot effectively deal with leakage problems in high water pressure environments. Therefore, a new waterproof sealing structure is urgently needed that can maintain a good waterproof effect when the gap between the segments is large, ensuring the safety and waterproofing ability of the tunnel.

[0004] The main problems of the existing technology:

[0005] Waterproofing ability decreases when the segment opening or misalignment is too large: Traditional shield tunnel segment sealing pads are usually composed of porous EPDM rubber or composite porous EPDM rubber and expansion rubber. During the assembly of tunnel segments, these sealing pads are tightly fitted and generate contact stress through the extrusion of the segments to ensure water stopping. However, when the segments are subjected to uneven ground settlement, external loads or reduced bolt tightening force during construction, the joints between the segments open or misalign, especially when the opening or misalignment exceeds the design requirements, the contact stress of traditional sealing pads is significantly reduced, the waterproofing ability is greatly reduced, and water leakage is very likely to occur. In particular, when the joint opening exceeds 15mm, the waterproofing ability of traditional sealing pads will drop sharply. During actual construction or tunnel operation, complex geological conditions and external forces often cause the segment joints to open beyond this limit, causing the sealing pads to fail and fail to effectively prevent water leakage.

[0006] The adaptability of the gasket design is poor: the existing gasket design is a separate gasket, which cannot ensure that the waterproof ability remains unchanged during the dynamic change of the gap between the pipe segments. When the pipe segments are subjected to external loads, settlement or misalignment, the traditional gasket lacks sufficient adaptability and cannot effectively expand or contract to compensate for the displacement between the pipe segments, which leads to the rapid decline of the gasket's waterproof ability.

[0007] The pasting effect of traditional gaskets affects the waterproofing ability: In the pasting process of traditional gaskets, it is usually necessary to clean the groove of the pipe segment first, then apply glue and paste the gasket, and use a rubber hammer to hit the water stop strip to make it firmly bonded to the pipe segment. In this process, it is very easy to have bulging, overlength and gaps. If the pasting effect of the gasket is not good, it may cause gaps or fall off between the gasket and the pipe segment. Insufficient pasting or loose sealing in local areas will become channels for water penetration, which is easy to cause leakage under external water pressure, reducing the waterproofing effect. In addition, the quality of the pasting effect is also closely related to the quality of the gasket material and the choice of adhesive. Poor-quality adhesives may not provide sufficient bonding strength or age during long-term use, thereby affecting the waterproofing function. The humidity and temperature of the construction environment, as well as the transportation and mechanical assembly of the pipe segment will destroy the pasted gaskets, causing some gaskets to be pasted and detached, which will also affect the waterproofing effect of the gasket. For example, too high or too low temperature may cause incomplete curing of the adhesive or degradation of the performance of the gasket material, thereby affecting the waterproofing ability. Whether the installation of the gasket meets the design requirements and the workers' operating skills also have an important impact on the pasting effect. If the construction process is not standardized, problems such as missing pasting, misalignment, and bubbles may occur, resulting in sealing failure.

[0008] Uneven waterproof performance: When the traditional gasket is opened or misaligned, its waterproof effect often fluctuates greatly. Because its sealing method relies on contact pressure and extrusion effect, this method cannot guarantee the consistency and stability of waterproof performance under different opening amounts. In the case of large opening amounts or misalignment, the waterproof ability of traditional gaskets will be greatly reduced and cannot provide effective waterproof protection.

[0009] The consequences of waterproof failure are serious: Failure of waterproof performance in tunnels usually leads to serious water seepage problems. If water leakage occurs under high water pressure, it may cause great damage to the tunnel structure and even affect the safety of the tunnel. As the existing technology cannot effectively deal with the complex situation of large opening and misalignment of the pipe segment joints, once waterproofing fails, it usually takes a long time to repair, which increases the tunnel maintenance cost and work risk. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated waterproof sealing structure for a high-pressure shield tunnel and a construction method thereof. Through the design of an integrated sealing gasket, when the segment opening or misalignment increases due to changes in the formation environment, external loads, or a decrease in the bolt tightening force, the sealing gasket can still maintain sufficient waterproofing ability; in a complex stress environment with a large segment opening or misalignment, the waterproofing effect can still be effectively guaranteed.

[0011] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0012] An integrated waterproof sealing structure for a high water pressure shield tunnel comprises an integrated waterproof sealing pad and a segment groove, wherein the middle portion of the integrated waterproof sealing pad is an open-hole EPDM rubber sealing pad, and both sides are constant resistance rubber with constant resistance bodies, wherein the outer rubber of the constant resistance rubber is provided with a corrugated surface, the inner portion is provided with a conical rubber body, and the middle portion is provided with a conical rubber body insertion seam; the segment groove is designed as a variable cross-section form, and consists of a compression groove with a compression space and a slot for inserting the constant resistance rubber.

[0013] Furthermore, the middle part of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket is designed to be porous, with holes in the shape of circles, chamfered rectangles or other polygons arranged alternately, with a hole diameter range of 2-10mm and a hole spacing of 2-10mm, ensuring good ductility and recovery ability when compressed or expanded.

[0014] Furthermore, the surface of the constant resistance rubber is corrugated. This design can provide uniform pull-out resistance and stronger friction.

[0015] Preferably, the surface of the constant resistance rubber is designed to be a uniformly undulating corrugated shape, with an undulating height of 2-3 mm and a wave length of 10-15 mm. The corrugated design can increase the contact area and provide greater friction.

[0016] The constant resistance rubber has a length of 30-60 mm.

[0017] The constant resistance rubber is provided with an embedded conical rubber body, the width of the conical rubber insertion seam is 0.5-1mm, the angle between the conical slope of the conical rubber body and the horizontal plane is 2-5°, the design size is 5mm-10mm in diameter and 30-50mm in length, and it is used to provide additional support during extrusion and expansion.

[0018] The constant resistance rubber end is designed as a triangular raised constant resistance body with a bottom length of 10 mm and a height of 2-3 mm, which is tightly clamped with the concave bottom of the pipe segment groove.

[0019] A construction method for an integrated waterproof sealing structure of a high-water-pressure shield tunnel comprises the following steps: firstly, pressing an integrated waterproof sealing gasket into a prefabricated steel plate groove of a segment groove; then, aligning the steel plate groove of the segment groove to be assembled with the uninserted end of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket, and applying a jacking force, so that the constant-resistance rubber of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket is inserted into the steel plate groove of another segment groove; and continuing to apply the jacking force until the two segment grooves are tightly fitted or the opening amount of the segment groove reaches the design requirement.

[0020] Furthermore, during the assembly of the pipe segment, the middle compressible sealing gasket is squeezed and the constant resistance rubber is squeezed. The inner conical rubber body will be squeezed and slide along the conical rubber body insertion seam, and squeeze the outer corrugated rubber and constant resistance body. When the constant resistance rubber is completely squeezed into the slot, the constant resistance body enters the card slot at the end of the slot. The conical rubber body inside the constant resistance rubber will also move to the end, squeezing the rubber on both sides. The constant resistance body is squeezed and fits tightly in the groove. A rubber pad layer of a certain thickness is pasted on the inner wall of the steel plate groove. The internal space of the steel plate groove with the rubber pad layer is smaller than the constant resistance rubber. Therefore, the constant resistance rubber and the rubber pad layer are squeezed tightly against each other and obtain a sufficiently high contact stress to ensure that it is difficult for water to break through along the inner wall of the steel plate groove under high water pressure conditions, providing reliable protection for the waterproofing of the pipe segment.

[0021] Furthermore, the triangular constant resistance body is stuck in the groove at the tail of the triangular slot, which can provide a certain pull-out resistance for the constant resistance rubber. Combined with the extrusion of the constant resistance rubber and the rubber pad inside the steel plate groove and the extrusion of the conical rubber body inside the constant resistance rubber, the constant resistance rubber will obtain sufficiently high pull-out resistance and waterproof ability in the slot.

[0022] In the present invention, the end of the constant resistance rubber is designed as a triangular raised constant resistance body, with a bottom length of about 10mm and a height of 2-3mm, which is tightly connected with the concave bottom of the groove. The constant resistance rubber has enhanced tensile strength through the triangular constant resistance body, the middle conical rubber body and the external corrugated surface, ensuring that the pull-out resistance of the constant resistance rubber during sliding remains stable and will not decrease with the increase of the opening amount. When uneven settlement occurs in the stratum, the pipe segment is subjected to external loads, or the tightening force of the bolts decreases, the constant resistance rubber can effectively ensure that the sealing gasket maintains a stable waterproof ability under a certain opening amount or misalignment, thereby ensuring the stability of the tunnel's waterproof performance.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in: being able to ensure that the sealing gasket still maintains efficient waterproofing ability during long-term use, adapting to various construction and operation conditions in complex environments, and providing reliable guarantee for the long-term safe operation of the shield tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a plan view of the integrated waterproof sealing structure of a high water pressure shield tunnel.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the integrated waterproof sealing structure of a high-pressure shield tunnel.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an integrated waterproof seal plane (constant resistance rubber end opening type).

[0027] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an integrated waterproof seal.

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the corrugated rubber pad glued to the steel plate groove.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a corrugated steel plate trough (including compression trough and slot trough).

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the steel plate groove of the shield segment.

[0031] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the shield segment steel plate groove.

[0032] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of one side of the integrated sealing gasket inserted into the shield segment steel plate groove.

[0033] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the integrated sealing gasket inserted into the shield segment steel plate groove on both sides.

[0034] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the compression force of the integrated sealing gasket after the shield segment is assembled.

[0035] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the compression state of the integrated sealing gasket under the extrusion of the pipe segment.

[0036] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the force on the integrated sealing gasket when the pipe segment is greatly opened.

[0037] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the force on the integrated sealing gasket when the pipe segment is opened and misaligned by a large amount.

[0038] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of an integrated waterproof seal plane (constant resistance rubber end closed type).

[0039] Among them, 1. integrated waterproof sealing gasket 2. rubber cushion layer 3. prefabricated steel plate groove 4. reinforced concrete 5. compressible sealing gasket 6. constant resistance rubber 7. conical rubber body 8. conical rubber insertion seam 9. constant resistance body 10. corrugated rubber 11. sealing gasket hole 12. compression groove 13. slot 14. hole after the sealing gasket is compressed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 15 An integrated waterproof sealing structure for a high water pressure shield tunnel comprises an integrated waterproof sealing pad 1 and a segment groove, wherein the middle portion of the integrated waterproof sealing pad 1 is an open-hole EPDM rubber sealing pad, and both sides are constant resistance rubber 6 with a constant resistance body, the outer rubber of the constant resistance rubber 6 is provided with a corrugated surface, the inner portion is provided with a conical rubber body 7, and the middle portion is provided with a conical rubber body insertion seam 8; the segment groove is designed as a variable cross-section form, and is composed of a compression groove 12 with a compression space and a slot 13 for inserting the constant resistance rubber; a rubber pad layer 2 of a set thickness is pasted on the inner wall of the segment groove, and the internal space of the segment groove pasted with the rubber pad layer 2 is smaller than the constant resistance rubber 6.

[0042] Furthermore, the middle part of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket 1 is designed to be porous, with holes in the shape of circles, chamfered rectangles or other polygons arranged alternately, with a hole diameter range of 2-10mm and a hole spacing of 2-10mm, ensuring good ductility and recovery ability when compressed or expanded.

[0043] Furthermore, the surface of the constant resistance rubber 6 is corrugated. This design can provide uniform pull-out resistance and stronger friction.

[0044] Preferably, the surface of the constant resistance rubber 6 is designed to be a uniformly undulating corrugated shape, with an undulating height of 2-3 mm and a wave length of 10-15 mm. The corrugated design can increase the contact area and provide greater friction.

[0045] The constant resistance rubber 6 has a length of 30-60 mm.

[0046] The constant resistance rubber 6 is provided with an embedded conical rubber body, the width of the conical rubber insertion seam is 0.5-1mm, the angle between the conical slope of the conical rubber body and the horizontal plane is 2-5°, the design size is 5mm-10mm in diameter and 30-50mm in length, and it is used to provide additional support during extrusion and expansion.

[0047] The end of the constant resistance rubber 6 is designed as a triangular raised constant resistance body 9, with a bottom length of 10 mm and a height of 2-3 mm, which is tightly engaged with the concave bottom of the pipe segment groove.

[0048] The core innovation of the integrated waterproof sealing structure of the high-pressure shield tunnel of this embodiment lies in the design of an integrated waterproof sealing gasket, which can maintain stable high-water pressure waterproof performance even when the segment opening and displacement are large. The sealing gasket is made of a single EPDM rubber material, and the middle part adopts compressible EPDM rubber with openings of different shapes, which has good compressibility and meets the requirements of segment assembly force. On both sides of the compressible sealing gasket are constant resistance rubber with constant resistance bodies inserted into the steel groove of the segment. The constant resistance rubber is designed as a corrugated surface, and the ends are symmetrically provided with outwardly protruding triangular constant resistance bodies. The triangular constant resistance bodies are stuck in the triangular steel plate grooves and fit tightly with the grooves under the extrusion of the internal conical rubber body, which can effectively resist the pulling force generated by the segment during the opening or displacement process, and prevent the sealing gasket from being pulled out. A conical rubber body is provided inside the constant resistance rubber. When the segment is squeezed, the conical rubber body is pressed to the bottom of the steel groove, thereby expanding the constant resistance device and further enhancing the waterproof effect. The constant resistance rubber can be designed as an open-end type or a closed-end type. The integrated sealing gasket of the present invention not only improves the waterproof performance, but also can adapt to a wider range of joint deformation and misalignment, solving the problem of unstable waterproof performance of traditional sealing gaskets in complex geological environments.

[0049] The segment groove is divided into two parts: the first part is a compression groove, which is used to compress the sealing gasket and provide compression space for it; the second part is a slot, which is specially used to insert the constant resistance rubber. The inner wall of the slot is set to be corrugated. A corrugated rubber pad layer of a certain thickness is pasted inside the steel plate groove, which fits the corrugated steel plate groove. The compression groove provides enough space for the sealing gasket to be compressed during installation; the slot is used to insert the constant resistance device. The contour shape of the slot matches the shape of the sealing gasket constant resistance device, and its size is slightly smaller than the constant resistance rubber, ensuring that the sealing gasket can be accurately inserted when the segment is assembled and fits tightly with the rubber pad layer inside the groove. The corrugated rubber pad layer inside the groove fits tightly with the constant resistance rubber and forms a strong friction force, further improving the pull-out resistance and waterproof ability of the sealing gasket.

[0050] The two sides of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket are provided with a constant resistance rubber with a constant resistance body and a conical rubber body. The surface of the constant resistance rubber is wavy, and the end is designed to be a triangular structure protruding outward. An extrudable and slidable conical rubber body is provided inside. The constant resistance device can play a role in squeezing and fixing the sealing gasket during the splicing process of the pipe segments through its special corrugated surface, protruding constant resistance body and slidable conical rubber body. When the pipe segment is opened or misaligned due to external load or settlement, the constant resistance device can provide a stable pull-out resistance to prevent the sealing gasket from being pulled out within a certain range of opening and misalignment, thereby ensuring the durability of the sealing effect.

[0051] A separate conical rubber body is provided inside the constant resistance rubber of the gasket. When the pipe segment is compressed, the compressible part of the gasket is compressed, forcing the conical rubber body to be squeezed and pushed toward the bottom of the slot. The conical rubber body is equivalent to a wedge, which can further expand the constant resistance rubber, increase its contact pressure with the steel plate slot, and further enhance the waterproof ability of the gasket.

[0052] The integrated waterproof gasket of the present invention has greater adaptability, especially when the tube segment opening and misalignment are large. The waterproof ability of the traditional gasket decreases significantly when the opening exceeds 15mm, while the gasket of the present invention can still maintain a good waterproof effect when the opening reaches 30mm-70mm or even larger. This is due to the cooperation of the compressible gasket and the constant resistance rubber in the middle of the gasket, which enables the gasket to effectively stretch and maintain the sealing ability, avoiding the problem of waterproof failure due to excessive opening.

[0053] The sealing gasket provided by the present invention has a unique safety warning function. When the opening amount of the pipe segment exceeds the design range, the constant resistance device will provide a certain pull-out resistance to prevent the sealing gasket from falling off or sliding, thereby maintaining the waterproof performance. When the opening amount of the pipe segment continues to increase, the pull-out resistance of the constant resistance device will remain at a stable level until the opening amount safety threshold is reached, that is, the constant resistance rubber is pulled out. This feature provides sufficient time and warnings for tunnel repair and maintenance personnel to take timely measures to prevent serious leakage problems caused by waterproof failure.

[0054] A construction method for an integrated waterproof sealing structure of a high-water-pressure shield tunnel comprises the following steps: firstly, pressing an integrated waterproof sealing gasket into a prefabricated steel plate groove of a segment groove; then, aligning the steel plate groove of the segment groove to be assembled with the uninserted end of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket, and applying a jacking force, so that the constant-resistance rubber of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket is inserted into the steel plate groove of another segment groove; and continuing to apply the jacking force until the two segment grooves are tightly fitted or the opening amount of the segment groove reaches the design requirement.

[0055] The waterproof sealing structure of the present invention provides a simplified installation method. When the pipe segments are assembled, one side of the integrated sealing gasket is first pressed into the prefabricated steel plate groove, and then the constant resistance rubber on the other side of the sealing gasket is inserted into the steel plate groove of the pipe segment through the jacking force. This installation method simplifies the complicated steps in the traditional pipe segment assembly, effectively reduces installation errors, and improves construction efficiency.

[0056] The sealing gasket of this embodiment is an integrated structure, with an EPDM rubber sealing gasket with an opening in the middle and constant resistance rubber with constant resistance bodies on both sides. The design of the opening in the middle allows the sealing gasket to remain flexible when compressed, and can adapt to changes in the opening amount and the amount of misalignment, and adapt to the situation of rotation of the pipe segment joint.

[0057] The structure and performance of the constant resistance rubber are described as follows: Structure: The two ends of the constant resistance rubber are triangular corrugated structures that bulge outward, which can fit tightly during the assembly of the pipe segments and effectively prevent the sealing gasket from sliding or falling off. The surface corrugated design of the constant resistance device can provide uniform pull-out resistance and stronger friction. Pull-out resistance: The constant resistance rubber has enhanced its tensile strength through the triangular constant resistance body, the middle conical rubber body and the external corrugated surface, ensuring that the pull-out resistance of the constant resistance rubber remains stable during sliding and does not decrease with the increase in the opening amount. When uneven settlement occurs in the stratum, the pipe segment is subjected to external loads, or the tightening force of the bolts decreases, the constant resistance rubber can effectively ensure that the sealing gasket maintains a stable waterproof ability under a certain amount of opening or misalignment, thereby ensuring the stability of the tunnel's waterproof performance.

[0058] The coordinated design of the steel plate groove and the rubber pad layer of the present invention includes a corrugated rubber pad layer pasted in the corrugated steel plate groove, and a size design in which the size of the steel plate groove after the rubber pad layer is pasted is slightly smaller than the size of the constant resistance rubber. This can provide sufficient contact stress and friction for the sealing gasket, improve the stable pull-out resistance and waterproof ability of the integrated sealing gasket during the opening or misalignment of the pipe segment, prevent the sealing gasket from shifting or falling off prematurely, and ensure that the sealing gasket still maintains a high waterproof ability when the pipe segment joint is widely opened and misaligned.

[0059] The compression performance and adaptability of the sealing gasket are described as follows: Compression performance: The design of the integrated sealing gasket can withstand a certain amount of compression during the segment assembly process, providing flexible assembly space and angle adjustment space for segment splicing. The sealing gasket will be evenly stressed when squeezed by the segment to ensure that the sealing surface remains in close contact. Adaptability: The combination of the compressible sealing gasket in the middle of the sealing gasket and the constant resistance rubber on both sides enables it to adapt to a large range of changes in the opening or misalignment of the segment, that is, to meet the large deformation of the segment joint. When the opening exceeds 15mm, the waterproof ability of the traditional sealing gasket is significantly reduced, while the sealing gasket of the present invention can still maintain good waterproof ability when the opening reaches 30mm-70mm or even larger.

[0060] Maximum opening: The integrated gasket of the present invention can maintain a stable waterproof effect when the opening of the pipe segment reaches 30mm-70mm or more. When the opening of the traditional gasket reaches 15mm, its waterproof ability decreases significantly, and when the opening reaches the compression amount of the gasket, the waterproof ability drops to zero, that is, the gasket is about to detach. The integrated design of the integrated gasket does not have the problem of detachment in the middle.

[0061] Maximum misalignment: The one-piece gasket of the present invention can adapt to the situation where the segment misalignment is large, ensuring that the gasket can still effectively maintain water tightness when it is deformed. The maximum misalignment is the maximum shearing amount when the one-piece gasket is cut, that is, the misalignment. The maximum shearing amount is related to the gasket's own material. Since the gasket is made of superelastic rubber material, its maximum misalignment is much greater than the misalignment of traditional gaskets.

[0062] Example: The overall structure design of the sealing gasket is as follows:

[0063] Middle compressible gasket: Material: EPDM, with a hardness of 40A-70A on Shore A, excellent elasticity and aging resistance. The middle part is designed to be porous, with holes in the shape of circles, chamfered rectangles or other polygons arranged alternately, with a hole diameter range of 2-10mm and a hole spacing of 2-10mm, ensuring good ductility and recovery when compressed or opened.

[0064] The constant resistance rubber on both sides is a corrugated rubber structure, and the surface is designed to be a uniformly undulating corrugated shape, with an undulating height of 2-3mm and a wave length of 10-15mm. The corrugated design can increase the contact area and provide greater friction. The length of the constant resistance rubber can be 30-60mm.

[0065] The tapered rubber body is embedded in the casing, and the width of the tapered rubber insertion seam is 0.5-1mm. The angle between the tapered slope of the tapered rubber body and the horizontal plane is 2-5°. The design dimensions are 5mm-10mm in diameter and 30-50mm in length, and the tapered rubber body is used to provide additional support during extrusion and expansion.

[0066] The constant resistance rubber end is designed as a triangular raised constant resistance body with a bottom side length of about 10 mm and a height of 2-3 mm, which is tightly snapped into the concave bottom of the groove.

[0067] The manufacturing process of the gasket is as follows:

[0068] Raw materials: high quality EPDM rubber, with appropriate amount of hydrolysis resistance, high temperature resistance and wear resistance additives added to enhance material performance.

[0069] Molding process: Use multi-cavity mold integral vulcanization molding technology to integrate the middle sealing gasket and constant resistance rubber to ensure structural strength and sealing performance.

[0070] The structural design of the segment groove is as follows: The segment groove consists of a compression groove and a slot. The inner wall of the steel plate groove is designed to be corrugated and pasted with a corrugated rubber cushion. Compression groove size: The opening width is about 50mm and the depth is 10-15mm, which is used to accommodate the middle compressible sealing gasket and provide sufficient compression space. Shape: The interior is trapezoidal, and the bottom corner is about 100°. Inner groove: Size: The width is 10mm and the depth is 15mm, which is slightly smaller than the size of the constant resistance device to ensure that the constant resistance device is squeezed after insertion. Shape: The interior is wavy, which precisely matches the surface wavy shape of the constant resistance device, and the bottom is a concave triangular profile, which is used to snap into the raised part of the constant resistance device.

[0071] Segment groove materials and processing technology: Material: 304 stainless steel plate is selected to ensure the long-term service life of the groove in a humid environment.

[0072] The rubber pad uses a corrugated rubber pad pasted on the inner wall of the steel plate trough. The pad thickness is 2-3mm and is fixed with a high-temperature resistant, high-viscosity industrial adhesive. Manufacturing process: The steel plate trough is cast in one piece.

[0073] The installation method of the sealing gasket and the segment groove of this embodiment is as follows:

[0074] 1) Pre-installation step: The steel plate trough is cast at the specified position simultaneously with the casting of the shield segment.

[0075] 2) When installing the integrated sealing gasket, first insert the constant resistance rubber on one side of the sealing gasket into the steel groove of the installed pipe segment through a professional mechanical device to ensure that the corrugated constant resistance rubber fits tightly with the corrugated rubber cushion layer;

[0076] 3) Assembling adjacent segments: adjust the position of the segment to be assembled so that the steel plate groove is aligned with the exposed constant resistance rubber end of the sealing gasket;

[0077] 4) Use hydraulic jacking equipment to apply uniform thrust to completely squeeze the constant resistance rubber at the other end of the sealing gasket into the steel plate groove of the pipe segment to be installed, and continue to squeeze the pipe segment. The compressible sealing gasket in the middle of the integrated sealing gasket is further compressed until the pipe segment is assembled.

[0078] 5) Sealing status check: After assembly, verify through on-site testing whether the sealing gasket is fully inserted into the groove, and check whether the compression deformation state of the middle sealing gasket meets the design requirements.

[0079] The performance of the sealing gasket in this embodiment under different working conditions is as follows:

[0080] Normal working conditions: The segment joint opening is within the range of 0-30mm (gasket compression range), the constant resistance rubber is tightly connected to the steel plate groove, and the system waterproof performance is stable.

[0081] Large deformation condition: When the segment joint opening exceeds 30mm or exceeds the compression range of the gasket due to ground settlement, external load or decreased bolt tightening force, the middle gasket is extended through its porous design and the gasket is in a stretched state. When the tensile force on the gasket exceeds the pull-out resistance of the constant resistance rubber, the constant resistance body of the constant resistance rubber will slip in the slot, but the sliding resistance remains constant to ensure that the sealing performance does not decrease.

[0082] Extreme working conditions: When the joint opening exceeds "seal compression range + 2 constant resistance rubber length" or the misalignment exceeds the shear displacement of the seal, the constant resistance rubber will be pulled out and the waterproofing will fail. Before the constant resistance rubber is pulled out, the joint opening and misalignment of the integrated seal will far exceed those of conventional seals, providing sufficient reaction time for engineers.

[0083] The integrated waterproof sealing pad structure of this embodiment can be widely used in the construction of high-water-pressure shield tunnels, and is particularly suitable for the following scenarios: (1) Areas with high groundwater levels, such as deep buried tunnels with high groundwater levels or high water heads, where tunnels often face high water pressure. The integrated sealing pad of the present invention can effectively resist water pressure and prevent water from seeping into the tunnel. (2) Shield tunnels in complex geological environments. For example, in complex geological environments, shield tunnels often need to face different degrees of settlement, deformation or misalignment. The sealing pad of the present invention can adapt to these changes and maintain waterproof performance.

[0084] The contents described in the embodiments of this specification are merely enumerations of implementation forms of the inventive concept and are for illustrative purposes only. The protection scope of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to the specific forms described in this embodiment, and the protection scope of the present invention also extends to equivalent technical means that can be thought of by ordinary technicians in this field based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. An integrated waterproof sealing structure for a high water pressure shield tunnel, characterized in that: It includes an integrated waterproof sealing pad and a pipe segment groove. The middle part of the integrated waterproof sealing pad is an EPDM rubber sealing pad with an open hole, and the two sides are constant resistance rubber with constant resistance bodies. The outer rubber of the constant resistance rubber is provided with a corrugated surface, the inside is provided with a conical rubber body, and the middle is provided with a conical rubber body insertion seam; the pipe segment groove is designed to be a variable cross-section form, consisting of a compression groove with a compression space and a slot for inserting the constant resistance rubber.

2. The integrated waterproof sealing structure of a high water pressure shield tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle part of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket is designed to be porous. The holes are arranged alternately in the shape of circles, chamfered rectangles or other polygons. The hole diameter ranges from 2-10mm and the hole spacing is 2-10mm, ensuring that it has good ductility and recovery ability when compressed or expanded.

3. An integrated waterproof sealing structure for a high water pressure shield tunnel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The surface of the constant resistance rubber is corrugated.

4. The integrated waterproof sealing structure of a high water pressure shield tunnel as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the constant resistance rubber is designed to be a uniformly undulating corrugated shape, with an undulating height of 2-3 mm and a wave length of 10-15 mm.

5. The integrated waterproof sealing structure of a high water pressure shield tunnel as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The constant resistance rubber has a length of 30-60 mm.

6. An integrated waterproof sealing structure for a high water pressure shield tunnel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The constant resistance rubber is provided with an embedded conical rubber body, the width of the conical rubber insertion seam is 0.5-1mm, the angle between the conical slope of the conical rubber body and the horizontal plane is 2-5°, the design size is 5mm-10mm in diameter and 30-50mm in length, and it is used to provide additional support during extrusion and expansion.

7. An integrated waterproof sealing structure for a high water pressure shield tunnel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The constant resistance rubber end is designed as a triangular raised constant resistance body with a bottom length of 10 mm and a height of 2-3 mm, which is tightly clamped with the concave bottom of the pipe segment groove.

8. A construction method for an integrated waterproof sealing structure of a high water pressure shield tunnel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: First, press the integrated waterproof sealing gasket into the prefabricated steel plate groove of the segment groove; then, align the steel plate groove of the segment groove to be assembled with the end of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket that is not inserted, and apply a top thrust so that the constant resistance rubber of the integrated waterproof sealing gasket is inserted into the steel plate groove of the other segment groove; continue to apply the top thrust until the two segment grooves are tightly fitted or the opening amount of the segment groove reaches the design requirements.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the assembly process of the pipe segment, the middle compressible sealing gasket is squeezed and the constant resistance rubber is squeezed. The internal conical rubber body will be squeezed and slide along the conical rubber body insertion seam, and squeeze the external corrugated rubber and constant resistance body; when the constant resistance rubber is completely squeezed into the slot, the constant resistance body enters the card slot at the tail of the slot; the conical rubber body inside the constant resistance rubber will also move to the tail, squeezing the rubber on both sides, and the constant resistance body is squeezed and fits tightly into the groove; a rubber pad layer of a certain thickness is pasted on the inner wall of the steel plate groove, and the internal space of the steel plate groove with the rubber pad layer is smaller than the constant resistance rubber, so the constant resistance rubber and the rubber pad layer are squeezed tightly against each other and obtain a sufficiently high contact stress to ensure that it is difficult for water to break through along the inner wall of the steel plate groove under high water pressure conditions, providing reliable protection for the waterproofing of the pipe segment.

10. The construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The triangular constant resistance body is stuck in the groove at the tail of the triangular slot, which can provide a certain pull-out resistance for the constant resistance rubber. Combined with the extrusion of the constant resistance rubber and the rubber pad inside the steel plate groove and the extrusion of the conical rubber body inside the constant resistance rubber, the constant resistance rubber will obtain sufficiently high pull-out resistance and waterproof ability in the slot.

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