Integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction and delineation and multi-effect control

Abstract

The present invention integrates a device for predicting and delineating the source of diesel vehicle disasters and multi-effect treatment, belonging to the technical field of railway tunnel safety engineering. It aims to accurately monitor the dynamic CO in the diesel vehicle climbing area and to carry out four-effect catalytic coordinated treatment. The CO dynamic monitoring unit uses a multi-directional particle swarm layout algorithm to optimize the maximum coverage measurement point scheme; the VC union coverage method for the multi-hazard disaster area delineates CO, NO x , H2S and smoke particle minimum vertex coverage area; four-effect multi-element filtration catalytic purification device, equipped with multi-stage filter mesh and siliconized porous nano CeO2 catalytic layer, graded filtration and high-temperature porous adsorption treatment; post-insertion dust removal and CO response device, using full-spiral negative pressure gas and dust suction head, upper and lower spiral centrifugal disturbance to remove carbon and dust; multi-scene follow-up CO intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing integrated device, DC foam and suspended pulse dry powder fire extinguisher dual joint control disaster relief, through passive pulse jet self-response to start zone fire extinguishing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention integrates a device for predicting and delineating diesel vehicle hazard sources and implementing multi-effect treatment. This device involves a systematic prevention and control technology consisting of an in-situ dynamic CO monitoring unit, a multi-hazard source area threshold delineation unit, and a multi-source, multi-effect treatment unit for diesel vehicle exhaust. This technology belongs to the field of railway tunnel safety engineering technology. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing mechanization of industry, diesel-powered auxiliary vehicles are increasingly used in production and transportation. While they offer advantages such as safety, flexibility, and economy, their exhaust emissions are high in harmful components. This is particularly true in tunnels and underground roadways, where limited space and ventilation pose serious health risks to workers and the environment. Reducing carbon emissions from road freight is a key goal of my country's green development and an integral part of achieving the "dual carbon" goals. The integrated device for diesel vehicle hazard source prediction and delineation and multi-effect control provides crucial background information and technical support for addressing CO exhaust overshoot and multiple hazard gas hazards through dynamic CO exhaust monitoring, a proposed multi-hazard source delineation algorithm, and coordinated centralized prevention and control measures. This approach helps ensure safe, efficient, and high-energy production. Therefore, within the context of the "dual carbon" goals, collaboratively driving diesel vehicle pollution reduction and carbon reduction efforts, and monitoring, analyzing, controlling, and purifying exhaust emissions from explosion-proof diesel vehicles, are of paramount importance.

[0003] Currently, diesel vehicle exhaust monitoring is limited in research on dynamic hill-climbing monitoring. The coverage area of ​​underground tunnel measurement points is small, and detection accuracy is difficult to meet standards. The multi-hazard gas and particulate matter emitted by exhaust are subject to complex spatial airflow disturbances, making it difficult to identify the hazard domain and subsequently conduct targeted treatment. When diesel vehicles are climbing hills, exhaust treatment methods are limited and catalytic purification efficiency is low. CO and other harmful substances are easily carried out of the exhaust pipe and pollute the environment. Traditional porous activated carbon has limited adsorption capacity and may not be sufficient for treating high-concentration pollutants. The regeneration process is complex and costly. The open tail of diesel vehicles is limited in its effectiveness in CO treatment and cannot be easily centralized. Large catalytic or adsorption systems are expensive to install and operate. High-temperature exhaust pipes can easily cause oil-based liquid fires. Single fire extinguishing devices have poor fire extinguishing performance, making it difficult to effectively control potential fire zones. Therefore, a three-dimensional exhaust monitoring and control system is urgently needed that integrates a CO dynamic monitoring unit, a multi-hazard threshold delineation unit, and a multi-source and multi-effect coordinated exhaust treatment unit to reduce the occurrence of fire accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the integrated device for predicting and delineating disaster sources and controlling multiple effects of diesel vehicles in the present invention can effectively monitor the CO exhaust gas of diesel vehicles during dynamic climbing operation, and effectively control and solve the problems of excessive pollution and potential fire hazards caused by multiple disaster source gases, reduce the accumulation of disaster gases in the environment around diesel vehicles, and reduce the health hazards to front-line workers.

[0005] The present invention provides an integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction and delineation and multi-effect treatment, which includes three parts: a CO in-situ dynamic monitoring unit, a multi-disaster source area threshold delineation unit, and a mobile diesel vehicle exhaust multi-source and multi-effect treatment unit.

[0006] The CO in-situ dynamic monitoring unit proposed in the present invention includes a dynamic monitoring layout for CO released by diesel vehicles climbing slopes and a multi-dimensional optimized measurement point particle swarm layout algorithm system; the multi-disaster source area threshold delineation unit includes a multi-disaster disaster area VC union coverage method; and the mobile diesel vehicle CO exhaust multi-source and multi-effect treatment unit mainly includes a four-effect multi-catalytic purification device, a post-insertion dust removal and CO response device, and a multi-scenario follow-up CO intelligent monitoring and fire extinguishing integrated device.

[0007] The dynamic monitoring layout for CO release by diesel vehicles climbing hills mainly includes fixed embedded sensing points and tracking infrared sensing points. The fixed embedded sensing points are arranged on both sides of the roadway and at the height of the vertex, and the tracking infrared sensing points are arranged at the exhaust pipe outlet and the vehicle body of the diesel vehicle.

[0008] The fixed embedded sensor measuring points are mainly arranged at 0.5m vertically from the breathing zone of people squatting, 3m vertically on both sides of the tunnel and 4.5m at the top of the tunnel. The vertical measuring points at 0.5m and 3m are evenly and symmetrically arranged with the tunnel axis as the center.

[0009] The tracking infrared sensing points are mainly arranged at 0.5m from the exhaust pipe outlet of the mobile diesel vehicle and 1.5-1.6m from the breathing zone of the driver's left side when entering the vehicle. The tracking-type arrangement of the sensing points moves with the spatial position, and the concentration of CO exhaust released is monitored in real time during the diesel vehicle's climbing process.

[0010] Optional, tracking infrared sensor detector, using non-dispersive infrared detection technology to measure CO gas concentration. The non-dispersive infrared sensor uses an infrared light source to emit light signals covering multiple wavelength ranges. The sensor detection chamber receives infrared light passing through the CO exhaust, detects the intensity of the light, and converts it into an electrical signal. The output gas concentration is processed and analyzed. The non-dispersive infrared sensor can selectively detect specific CO gas and is suitable for long-term monitoring.

[0011] Optionally, the CO measurement point in the driver's driving position, that is, when he is standing normally, and the measurement points on both sides of the breathing zone when the person is squatting are on the cross-section of the return air tunnel, forming a stable triangular breathing zone disaster area. The upper tunnel apex, both sides and the lower diesel vehicle exhaust pipe outlet measurement points constitute a full-area diamond disaster area, realizing global dynamic advancement process CO exhaust monitoring in the vertical and horizontal positions.

[0012] The multi-dimensional optimized measurement point particle swarm layout algorithm system is divided into open space or coal mine diesel vehicle CO exhaust migration simulation, and a multi-dimensional CO active particle swarm optimization layout algorithm. Using the active particle swarm as a carrier, the simulation algorithm is used to obtain the optimal layout monitoring plan.

[0013] The multi-directional CO active measurement point particle swarm optimization layout algorithm uses the particle swarm activity dimension index k as the objective function indicator. The initial position and speed of the particles are randomly generated. The index k changes continuously with the continuous operation of the diesel vehicle. Under the full range of the diesel vehicle process, the particle swarm startup active number k1, climbing active number k2, and braking active number k3 are specified. The greater the operating power of the diesel vehicle, the larger the k value, and k2>k1>k3.

[0014] Optionally, a single particle represents each possible measurement point layout scheme. The particle continuously updates its optimal position and speed to achieve the optimal particle group. The update formula includes the particle's current speed, the deviation between the particle and its own optimal position, and the deviation between the particle and the global optimal position. During the diesel vehicle's climbing process, the index k first increases, then decreases and converges to a certain value until it reaches a preset convergence threshold Q. k3<Q, the iterative optimization ends, and the optimal monitoring point layout scheme is obtained.

[0015] The multi-hazard disaster area VC union coverage method is an optimization method for dealing with complex disaster scenarios. x , H2S harmful gases and smoke particles PM, and the disaster area is circled by VC (view coverage) algorithm for comprehensive monitoring of the disaster area. This method uses programming to combine and cover the affected areas of multiple disaster sources, so as to maximize the monitoring effect and resource utilization.

[0016] Optionally, the VC union cover method is used for CO, NO x , H2S and smoke particles, and define the disaster impact range and characteristics. Considering that the power of diesel vehicles increases during climbing and the released disaster gases increase, the disaster area is divided into multiple sub-units, and the coverage of each unit by monitoring equipment is calculated, including overlap and coverage range. The coverage areas of different disaster types are combined and calculated to obtain the comprehensive coverage area of ​​VC vertices.

[0017] The comprehensive coverage area of ​​the VC vertex is based on the maximum permissible concentration c of each disaster source, and S is used to represent the disaster source disaster coverage area. The main scenes are open environments and coal mines. CO, nitrogen oxides NO are preset on open roads. x The maximum allowable concentrations of H2S and smoke particles PM are c1, c2, c3, and c4 respectively. The disaster source and disaster coverage area S = c1+c2+c3+c4-c1c2-c1c3-c1c4-c2c3-c2c4-c3c4+c1c2c3+c1c2c4+c1c3c4+c2c3c4-c1c2c3c4 can be obtained through VC programming algorithm. Similarly, the mine disaster source and disaster coverage area S′ can be obtained, where S′<S.

[0018] The four-effect multi-element filtering catalytic purification device includes a detachable carbon oil decontamination attachment net, a graded filtering dense mesh, a suction-type air inlet flow pusher, a high-morphology siliconized porous double-layer nano-CeO2 catalyst, a stepped metal desulfurization organic skeleton, a porous honeycomb adsorption ceramic tube, a loaded Mn-Co oxidation catalyst, a high-sensitivity oxygen sensor probe and an adiabatic oil-proof and explosion-proof isolation protection device, which carries out targeted catalytic treatment at the disaster source step by step.

[0019] The detachable carbon oil decontamination attachment net is composed of a wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant mesh layer, a flexible metal support layer, a fastener fixing device, a cleaning port and a disassembly device. It is responsible for directly contacting and removing oil stains and large-particle smoke particles. The mesh design helps to improve adhesion and decontamination effects. The support layer helps maintain the shape of the mesh to prevent deformation during use, ensuring uniform cleaning effects. The mesh layer is easily disassembled, simplifying mesh disassembly or cleaning.

[0020] The main feature of the graded filtering dense mesh is that it achieves the purpose of high-efficiency filtration through different pore sizes and hierarchical structures. It is composed of four layers of high-temperature resistant polypropylene filter mesh. The upper layer is a filter mesh with a larger pore size to capture larger particles, and the pore sizes of the middle two layers gradually decrease, effectively intercepting medium-sized carbon particles while allowing smaller particles and fluids to pass smoothly.

[0021] The optional, bottom-layer dense-grooved filter has the smallest pore size and is specifically used to filter fine particles to ensure the purity of multi-hazard gases discharged downstream of the exhaust pipe. The hierarchical structure maintains a high flow rate and reduces blockages caused by the filtration process. The shape and arrangement of the mesh adopt a dense-grooved structure to effectively remove impurities of different particle sizes, improve filtration efficiency and reduce fluid resistance.

[0022] The entrainment-type air inlet flow propeller has a curled spiral air flow channel design, and the entrainment air inlet angle is set at 30-45 degrees, which effectively guides the gas to a specific direction, enhances the gas flow rate through spiral motion, reduces the turbulence of the air flow, and increases the flow stability of the gas, so that the gas is forced to move along a spiral trajectory when passing through the entrainment channel, and better passes through the graded filter, separator and other catalytic treatment devices, thereby improving the efficiency and performance of the system.

[0023] The stepped metal desulfurization organic framework, the stepped MOFs has a layered network pore structure and a specific surface area of ​​500-1500m 2 / g, the pores regulate the flow path of gas molecules, increase the contact opportunities of gas molecules, and enhance the adsorption capacity of H2S.

[0024] The porous honeycomb adsorption ceramic tube has a porous and honeycomb internal structure, providing a large specific surface area and a porosity of 70-90%, enabling it to effectively capture pollutants and impurities when fluid passes through. The ceramic material itself has high strength and excellent heat resistance. As a carrier of Mn-Co oxidation catalyst, it is suitable for the high temperature and harsh environment of the exhaust pipe.

[0025] The loaded Mn-Co oxidation catalyst is prepared by using sol-gel technology to prepare a uniform composite oxide, which is then loaded onto activated carbon or honeycomb adsorption ceramic tube support materials. The activity and selectivity of the catalyst are improved by adjusting the ratio of Mn and Co and changing the loading method. When purifying diesel vehicle exhaust, the catalyst has a high selectivity to NO. x It performs well in the catalytic reduction reaction.

[0026] The high-morphology siliconized porous double-layer nano CeO2 catalyst has excellent oxygen storage and release properties. Different nano-morphologies and pore structures have different catalytic purification effects on CO. Multiple forms such as tubular, spherical, rod-shaped, and flower-shaped provide different lattice parameters, surface oxygen, and specific surface areas. The tubular CeO2 hollow nano-catalyst has an outer diameter of 150-180nm and an inner diameter of 50-60nm, and has high catalytic oxidation activity.

[0027] Optionally, the number of surface oxygen active sites and oxygen vacancy concentration of the siliconized nano-CeO2 catalyst increases, and the siliconized active substance enhances the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the catalyst, preventing the catalyst from agglomerating or sintering during high temperature or long-term reaction in the exhaust pipe, thereby maintaining its active surface area. The silicide indirectly affects the electronic conductivity of the catalyst by changing the local electronic structure of CeO2, thereby enhancing the CO-O2 dual adsorption performance and catalytic reaction rate.

[0028] The CO-O2 in-situ dual adsorption performance is that CO is first adsorbed onto the active sites on the CeO2 surface, and the oxidation state of Ce changes to form Ce3+ and Ce 4+ The degree of O2 adsorption is related to the oxidation state on the CeO2 surface. The concentration of oxygen vacancies will gradually increase with the decrease of the particle size of CeO2 catalyst. 3+ The oxygen vacancy-rich region absorbs O2 and moves toward Ce 4+ The enrichment area is transferred, and the adsorbed CO reacts with O2 and is oxidized to form CO2.

[0029] Optionally, the acidic or neutral silicified active material can enhance the adsorption of CO gas at the surface acidic sites by adjusting the acid-base properties of the catalyst, and the surface oxidation state of CeO2 changes during the reaction. By adjusting the pretreatment for oxygen regeneration, the oxidation state of CeO2 on the catalyst surface is restored, and the catalytic oxidation cycle is repeated multiple times.

[0030] The thermal insulation, oil-proof and explosion-proof isolation protection device mainly includes zirconized porous ceramic fiber insulation coating, lightweight corrosion-resistant and sound-absorbing mineral wool, double-suspension shock-absorbing rubber pads, detachable hollow ceramic barrier protection cover, fixed vertical plug-in spring cone plug and impedance main muffler.

[0031] The zirconized porous ceramic fiber thermal insulation coating uses Zr as the main component in the ceramic material to improve the high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and mechanical strength of the ceramic. The ceramic coating can withstand high temperatures above 500°C without softening or failing. The porous fiber structure enhances the toughness and impact resistance of the material, forming a dense ceramic coating on the periphery of the exhaust pipe.

[0032] Optionally, the lightweight, corrosion-resistant, sound-absorbing mineral wool is provided in the form of a roll or sheet. During installation, it is wrapped around the outer periphery of the exhaust pipe and fixed with aluminum foil and reinforcing steel strips. It is necessary to ensure that there is sufficient tightness between the mineral wool and the exhaust pipe to effectively absorb sound and insulate heat.

[0033] The double suspension shock-absorbing rubber pad is composed of two layers of neoprene material and is designed as an inner ring structure with an isolation layer or cavity in the middle to enhance the shock-absorbing effect, provide up and down reciprocating cushioning for the exhaust pipe, and reduce the impact of vibration on the suspension system and mechanical components.

[0034] The detachable hollow ceramic barrier protective cover has a hollow inner structure, which can reduce the weight of the cover while maintaining good protection performance. It is made of high-strength, heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic material, contains ventilation holes to help dissipate heat, and is fixed with a fixed vertical spring cone plug. It is firmly installed on the exhaust equipment to ensure the stability of the three-layer composite layer on the outside of the exhaust pipe.

[0035] The rear-insertion dust removal and CO elimination response device mainly includes a full-spiral negative pressure air and dust suction head, a downward-shooting dispersed atomizing nozzle, a self-weight pulse bag dust collection box, a siliconized porous nano-CeO2 catalytic film layer, a porous MOF-photoabsorption catalytic outer layer, an external dust-proof airbag cover and a double inner-insertion partition wall fixing lock.

[0036] The full-spiral negative pressure air and dust suction head is designed in a full-spiral shape, which helps to increase the speed and pressure of the airflow while reducing the deposition of smoke particles and gas in the pipeline. It is connected to a negative pressure pump to generate sufficient vacuum. The negative pressure system is equipped with a regulating valve and a built-in HEPA filter (high-efficiency particulate air filter). The efficiency of capturing particles with a particle size of 0.5-2.5μm reaches more than 80%, and it is suitable for harsh working conditions.

[0037] Optionally, the downward-shooting dispersed atomizing nozzle adopts an internal cross nozzle, including a nozzle core, an air flow duct, etc. The staggered spray directions help break the surface tension of the liquid, so that the liquid is decomposed into fine droplets, which are sprayed downward from the nozzle mouth to form a uniform atomization effect.

[0038] The self-weight pulse bag dust collector uses a bag as the main filter medium and is provided with a dust collection box at the bottom. The particles captured by the full spiral negative pressure air dust suction pipe are sent to the dust collection bag through the passage. The dust accumulated on the surface of the bag is cleaned by regular high-pressure air pulses, the bag particles are vibrated, and gravity is used to make the particles fall into the dust collection box. The pulse cleaning system is used to efficiently capture dust.

[0039] Optionally, the catalytic CO elimination material adopts a siliconized porous nano-CeO2 catalytic film layer, and uses a physical vapor deposition method to deposit the siliconized layer to ensure the uniformity and adhesion of the film layer. The nano-CeO2 is prepared by a sol-gel method to form a uniform catalytic film layer.

[0040] The porous MOF-photoabsorption catalytic outer layer is wrapped around the outer periphery of the nano-CeO2 catalytic film layer to form a dual adsorption system. The porous MOF has a three-dimensional network structure with adjustable pore size. The TiO2 or CdS photocatalyst is embedded in the MOF structure, adsorbing CO and light sources and generating electron-hole pairs. The catalytic reaction products are released through the MOF pores.

[0041] The external dust-proof airbag cover is evenly provided with single-port anti-reverse dense ventilation holes on the surface of the airbag to prevent air circulation problems caused by overly tight sealing, tightly wrap and protect the dust removal and CO2 elimination response device, and fix it to the rear of the diesel vehicle with a double internal magnetic fixing lock.

[0042] The double internally inserted magnetic fixed lock has an internal structure of a double slot for an internally threaded L-shaped nut, and a rear-insertion elimination device fixed by a reinforced T-shaped titanium bolt. The heavy-duty buckle is fixed to both sides of the rear of the diesel vehicle by magnetic attraction. During installation, ensure that the slot of the lock and the partition fixing device are correctly aligned to reduce loosening caused by vibration to ensure that the lock can be fixed normally.

[0043] The multi-scenario step-by-step CO intelligent monitoring and fire extinguishing integrated device mainly includes an online CO infrared sensor detector, an automatic linkage alarm responder, an automatic thermal temperature control unit, a DC foam discharge gun, an interval high-pressure water sprinkler head and a suspended pulse dry powder fire extinguisher.

[0044] The online CO infrared sensor detector uses infrared technology to monitor CO concentration in real time. The monitoring of CO sensing points around the diesel vehicle is processed and analyzed by the central control infrared remote sensing detection device, and the signal is transmitted to the display unit via optical cable to provide real-time data analysis response.

[0045] The direct-flow foam discharge gun has a high-impact flow jet force, and achieves uniform foam spraying by adjusting the structure of the nozzle and the gun body. It is connected to an oscillating and graded foam mixing generator, and rapidly expands and foams to extinguish fires. It directly uses high-level compressed air and water flows in on-site tunnels or spaces to avoid the burden on large devices such as fire water pools and horizontal foam storage tanks.

[0046] The suspended pulse dry powder fire extinguisher mainly includes an ultra-fine dry powder storage tank, an expansion gas reactor, a passive pulse automatic starting valve, an electromagnetic drive initiator, an adjustable rocker arm sprinkler, a suspended fixed base and a thermal element.

[0047] The suspended pulse dry powder fire extinguisher is suspended above the fire extinguishing integrated device and adopts a pulse release mechanism. It triggers the release of fire extinguishing agent through spontaneous induction through a passive pulse automatic starting valve. The pulse release can quickly spray ultra-fine dry powder to ensure that the fire source is quickly covered. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 Diagram of integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction and demarcation and multi-effect control;

[0049] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the dynamic monitoring layout for CO released by diesel vehicles climbing hills;

[0050] Figure 3 Flowchart of the particle swarm layout algorithm system for multi-directional optimization of measurement points;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of VC union coverage in a multi-hazard disaster area;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a four-effect multi-element filtration and catalytic purification device;

[0053] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the catalytic principle of high-morphology siliconized porous double-layer nano-CeO2;

[0054] Figure 7 This is the structural diagram of the exhaust pipe insulation, oil-proof and explosion-proof isolation protection device;

[0055] Figure 8 This is the structural diagram of the rear-plug-in dust removal and CO elimination response device for diesel vehicles;

[0056] Figure 9 This is a diagram of the integrated device for multi-scenario, step-by-step CO intelligent monitoring and fire extinguishing;

[0057] Figure 1 Middle: 1-Mobile diesel truck; 2-Infrared sensor point; 3-VC combined disaster domain; 4-Four-effect multi-element filtration catalytic purification device; 5-Post-insertion dust removal and CO response device; 6-Multi-scenario follow-up CO intelligent monitoring and fire extinguishing integrated device;

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown: 21- high-level gas transmission pipeline; 22- fixed buried sensor point; 23- mining belt-driven coal conveyor; 24- tracking infrared sensor point; 25- 360° full-area diamond disaster zone; 26- breathing zone stable triangle disaster zone;

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown in the device structure diagram: 41-insulated oil-proof and explosion-proof isolation protection device; 42-temperature sensitive control sensor; 43-detachable carbon oil decontamination attachment net; 44-graded filtering dense mesh; 45-entrained air port flow pusher; 46-high-morphology siliconized porous double-layer nano-CeO2 catalyst; 47-porous honeycomb adsorption ceramic tube; 48-stepped metal desulfurization organic framework; 49-loaded Mn-Co oxidation catalyst;

[0060] Figure 6 Middle: 461-siliconized active material; 462-siliconized catalytic deposition film; 463-spherical nano-CeO2; 464-microporous cross adsorption channel; 465-CeO2; 466-Ce 3+ ;467-Ce 4+ ;

[0061] Figure 7 Middle: 411-Fixed vertical spring cone plug; 412-Dual suspension shock-absorbing rubber liner; 413-Impedance main muffler; 414-Zirconized porous ceramic fiber insulation coating; 415-Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, sound-absorbing mineral wool; 416-Removable hollow ceramic barrier protective cover;

[0062] Figure 8Middle: 51-Dual internal magnetic fixing lock; 52-Porous MOF-Photo-absorption catalytic outer layer; 53-Siliconized porous nano-CeO2 catalytic membrane layer; 54-Downward-firing dispersed atomizing nozzle; 55-Self-weight pulse bag dust collector; 56-Fully spiral negative pressure air and dust suction head; 57-Externally packaged dust-proof airbag cover; 561-Electromagnetic pulse valve; 562-Fully spiral centrifugal disturber; 563-Hexagonal automatic dust-proof roller brush; 564-Venturi tube with reduced airflow; 565-Primary particle air filter; 566-Intensive HEPA air and dust filter; 567-Dust collection and blowing valve;

[0063] Figure 9 Middle: 61-interval-type high-pressure water nozzle; 62-online CO infrared sensor detector; 63-direct-current foam discharge gun; 64-suspended pulse dry powder fire extinguisher; 65-high-position compressed airflow; 66-compressed water flow; 67-oscillating graded foam mixing generator; 68-automatic thermal temperature control unit; 69-fire extinguishing spare storage box; 641-thermosensitive element; 642-suspended fixed base; 643-expansion gas reactor; 644-ultrafine dry powder storage tank; 645-pressure indicator; 646-electromagnetic drive initiator; 647-passive pulse automatic start valve; 648-adjustable rocker arm sprinkler; 6471-wide-neck upper valve cover; 6472-ultrafine dry powder inner cavity flow channel; 6473-elastic sealing gasket; 6474-fixed-point positioning ball; 6475-reciprocating drive spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the features and implementation methods of the present invention can be more easily understood by engineers and technicians.

[0065] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides an integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction, delineation and multi-effect treatment, which mainly includes three units, namely a CO in-situ dynamic monitoring unit, a multi-disaster source area threshold delineation unit, and a mobile diesel vehicle exhaust multi-source and multi-effect treatment unit; the schematic diagram clearly shows that during the diesel vehicle's startup and climbing process, dual monitoring and treatment of multi-disaster source gases are carried out, the threshold delineates the disaster range of multiple types of disasters, and directional multi-effect exhaust purification, coordinated treatment and zoned fire extinguishing are carried out.

[0066] During the starting / climbing / braking conditions of the diesel vehicle, multiple harmful gases and smoke particles will be released during operation. During the climbing process, the engine load is large and the harmful substances increase suddenly. The focus is on monitoring the gas concentration of the CO disaster source in the climbing state, and the threshold is delineated and divided in the zone to carry out prevention and control of the key disaster-causing areas with multiple disaster sources.

[0067] Optional, such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, CO sensing points are set at the vertical height of the diesel vehicle exhaust pipe and breathing zone to accurately monitor and identify the catastrophic gas and high-temperature heat source in the operation area. The VC union coverage method of multiple catastrophic areas is used to identify CO, NO x , H2S and smoke particles, and conduct concentrated regional division of vertex sets and edge sets to provide qualitative prevention and control area scope for three-step coordinated multi-effect governance.

[0068] Optionally, the mobile diesel vehicle exhaust multi-source and multi-effect treatment device mainly includes a four-effect multi-filter catalytic purification device, a diesel vehicle rear-plug-in dust removal and CO response device and a multi-scene follow-up CO intelligent monitoring and fire extinguishing integrated device; the vehicle-mounted joint control elimination device removes carbon and dust from the exhaust source, the rear of the vehicle, and the transmission terminal in three time and space, realizing a three-dimensional multi-effect treatment system for diesel vehicle disaster sources that integrates dynamic monitoring, demarcation and purification.

[0069] Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the optimal measurement point arrangement with the largest coverage range is selected for buried layout, from the top of the tunnel to 0.5m vertically in the squat breathing zone. The side view of the tunnel cross-section measurement points shows that the CO monitoring range is concentrated in the triangle area below. When the diesel vehicle climbs the slope, the engine load power increases, and the release of CO catastrophic gas increases, mainly concentrated in the exhaust pipe, near the rear of the vehicle, and in the breathing zone that affects people's health. The number of monitoring points can be appropriately increased; the main view of the tunnel CO measurement points shows that the CO monitoring points are evenly spaced in the horizontal running direction of the diesel vehicle, realizing 360° all-round multi-path sensing monitoring.

[0070] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, fixed embedded and tracking sensing points are arranged on the diesel vehicle body and tunnel space, and infrared detection technology is used to measure the CO gas concentration. The infrared light passing through the exhaust is received and specific CO gas is selectively detected. The spectral characteristics of the reflected light signal are monitored and converted into an electrical signal. The electrical signal is transmitted to the integrated device, and the concentration information is fed back by the online CO detector to achieve accurate dual sensing and temperature control functions.

[0071] Figure 3 As shown in the figure, a multi-dimensional optimized measurement point particle swarm layout algorithm is applied to the simulation of CO exhaust migration of mobile diesel vehicles. The installation scenarios include open roads, underground coal mines or confined spaces. Field experiments are conducted with diesel vehicles braking on a hill as the actual working condition. The characteristic parameters of various catastrophic gases are obtained in real time from the experimental site, and a simulation model is constructed. The simulation parameters are set according to the actual field data. Fluent simulation software is used to realize the migration of diesel vehicles climbing hills with dynamic mesh and overlapping mesh technology, and the migration law of released CO exhaust is simulated.

[0072] Optional, such as Figure 3As shown in the figure, the spatial CO monitoring point layout is optimized. The particle swarm active dimension index k is used as an indicator to divide the monitoring area into different sub-areas. The excellent grid quality can ensure the authenticity of the diesel vehicle climbing operation. The particle swarm objective function is pre-defined, and the particle swarm representing the possible measurement point layout is initialized. A pressure-coupled iterative second-order algorithm is set. During the starting / climbing / braking process of the diesel vehicle, the particle swarm updates its position and speed, and the active dimension index k changes continuously. The index k first increases and then decreases with the operating conditions. The optimization ends when it decreases to the convergence threshold Q. The cloud map shows that the optimal full-area layout solution can minimize the number of measurement points and maximize the monitoring range.

[0073] Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the VC union coverage method of multiple disaster disaster areas is used to circle the disaster area where harmful gases and smoke particles released by mobile diesel vehicles are released. After field experiments, the proportion of each disaster source substance is measured, CO is about 5-15%, nitrogen oxides NO x It is about 40-60%, the H2S content is usually less than 1%, and the smoke particle PM content accounts for 10-30%. In order to effectively control and manage key disaster-causing areas with multiple disaster sources, the maximum allowable concentrations c1, c2, c3, and c4 are set, among which c4>c1>c3>c2, and the critical threshold is loaded in the VC programming algorithm for circle.

[0074] Optional, such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the migration law of multiple disaster sources during the operation of diesel vehicles is studied in an open environment. From the start to the high climbing moment, the exhaust gas disaster source emissions gradually increase, and the problem modeling G = (V, E) is performed. The vertex set V and the edge set E are defined. Through the VC calculation programming algorithm, the system demarcates and divides the disaster area above the permitted concentration of each disaster source substance, lists the vertex cover set and the edge union cover set, and obtains the vertex set with the smallest coverage of the impact range of each disaster source, where the minimum vertex cover domain is ≤ (1.5-2) × the edge set union cover domain.

[0075] Figure 5 As shown, the four-effect multi-element filtration catalytic purification device, from left to right, is a graded filtration dense mesh, a high-morphology siliconized porous double-layer nano CeO2 catalytic membrane, a stepped metal desulfurization organic framework, and a loaded Mn-Co porous honeycomb ceramic tube. The four devices are respectively effective for the removal of soot particles PM, CO, H2S and nitrogen oxides NO. x The substances are catalytically purified step by step.

[0076] like Figure 5As shown, the diesel engine fuel combustion reaction generates a variety of hazardous substances, which enter the detachable carbon oil decontamination attachment net. Large particles of carbon deposits and sludge adhere and fall off, and pass through the four-stage S-type filtering dense mesh. The layer grid accuracy is gradually improved, and the filtering and dust removal efficiency is increased. The airflow without or with little dust passes through the suction-type air inlet flow pusher. The curled spiral channel guides the gas to a specific direction and sends it to the multi-layered purification catalyst membrane layer.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown, multi-hazard source gases first pass through the high-morphology siliconized porous double-layer nano-CeO2 catalytic membrane. The number of oxygen active sites on the surface of the siliconized nano-CeO2 catalyst increases, and the open porous channels dually adsorb CO and O2. The layered mesh-type stepped metal desulfurization organic skeleton has a porous high specific surface area and efficiently adsorbs H2S. The Mn-Co composite oxidation catalyst is loaded on the porous honeycomb ceramic tube to oxidize and reduce nitrogen oxides. After layers of filtration-catalysis-purification, harmless CO2, N2, and H2O purified gases are discharged from the exhaust pipe.

[0078] Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the physicochemical mechanism of in-situ dual adsorption of CO-O2 by silicified porous nano-CeO2 mainly includes the expansion of spherical CeO2 cross-multi-pore channels, the increase of oxygen active sites of silicified CeO2 and the adsorption of CO2 by CeO2. 4+ and Ce 3+ Oxidation state cycle regeneration; through physical and chemical dual targeted adsorption, CO is adsorbed onto the active sites on the CeO2 surface to form Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ Oxidation state, oxygen vacancy concentration increases after silicification, Ce 3+ The surface of the enriched area takes the opportunity to adsorb O2, and the adsorbed gas is oxidized to form CO2.

[0079] Optional, such as Figure 7 As shown, the outer periphery of the exhaust pipe is wrapped with a heat-insulating and sound-absorbing composite material to form a heat-insulating, oil-proof and explosion-proof isolation protection device layer. A zirconized porous ceramic fiber insulation layer of 1-5 mm is filled from the inside to the outside, so that when the diesel vehicle climbs a high-temperature load, it can withstand higher temperatures and reduce the softening of the pipe shell. Sound-absorbing mineral wool and double-suspension shock-absorbing rubber pads reduce noise pollution when running diesel vehicles and enhance the shock-absorbing and buffering effect. The thickness of the detachable hollow ceramic barrier protective cover is 3-5 cm, and it provides protection with a lightweight hollow ceramic cavity, and the tight ventilation holes on the outer shell provide heat dissipation.

[0080] The post-insertion dust removal and CO elimination response device, Figure 8As shown, it is mainly composed of a full-spiral negative pressure air and dust suction head, a downward-shooting dispersed atomizing nozzle, a self-weight pulse bag dust collection box, a porous MOF-photoabsorption catalytic outer layer, an external dust-proof airbag cover and a double inner-inserted magnetic fixed lock. At the rear of the diesel vehicle, the full-spiral negative pressure suction head is used to suction and collect dust, and the deposited dust particles are transported by the dust collection and blowing dust discharge pipe to the self-weight pulse bag dust collection box for sedimentation. The inhaled gas is catalyzed by the double porous CeO2-MOF adsorption layer. The external dust-proof airbag cover is provided with multiple sets of single-port anti-reverse ventilation holes to ensure fluid circulation and prevent particles from entering again.

[0081] Optional, such as Figure 8 As shown, the interior of the full-spiral negative pressure air and dust suction head is mainly composed of a hexagonal automatic dust-proof roller brush, a full-spiral centrifugal disturber, a venturi tube contraction air flow port, an electromagnetic pulse valve, a primary particle air filter, a dense HEPA air and dust filter and a dust collection and blowing valve. The upper and lower spiral design of the full-spiral centrifugal disturber makes the dust-laden gas flow along a spiral path inside the equipment, and generates centrifugal force through rotation, thereby achieving efficient fluid disturbance in a smaller volume. The venturi tube contraction air flow port controls the gas flow rate and improves the fluid transmission efficiency. The blocked dust particles are deposited downward by the dust collection and blowing valve, and fall to the dust bag box to the left end along the channel, and are eliminated by pulse cleaning.

[0082] Figure 9 The figure shows a multi-scenario, step-by-step CO intelligent monitoring and fire-extinguishing integrated device. The intelligent monitoring unit includes a variety of sensors and control systems, mainly online CO infrared sensors and automatic thermal temperature control units, which monitor and control the CO concentration and temperature of diesel vehicles in a climbing state in real time. When a high-temperature warning occurs during the operation of the diesel vehicle, the automatic linkage alarm responder sounds an alarm and sends a danger response signal to the linkage control system. The fire source location, fire source type and spread speed are measured and analyzed, and the fire extinguisher integrated device performs precise fire extinguishing at fixed points and in different areas.

[0083] Optional, such as Figure 9 As shown, the fire extinguishing integrated system is a mobile device with open sides. An intelligent monitoring temperature control unit is installed in the middle, and DC foam fire extinguishers and suspended pulse dry powder fire extinguishers are arranged on both sides. The opening and closing of the fire extinguishing device is affected by the temperature signal of the starting component. When a high-temperature oil fire or a catastrophic gas fire occurs around a diesel vehicle, the high-temperature heat source transmits a thermistor line signal. When the temperature of the heat collection area of ​​a Class B oil fire exceeds the limit, the foam concentrate is mixed with water in a specified proportion. Through the compressed air flow or the gas source inside the fire extinguisher, a large number of bubbles are generated at the nozzle to impact and spray to extinguish the fire; when a Class C catastrophic gas fire occurs, the rapidly expanding gas pressure inside the suspended dry powder fire extinguisher will open the passive pulse automatic starting valve sealed at the bottom, and quickly send the ultra-fine fire extinguishing dry powder into the fire area, and extinguish the fire in a zoned or combined manner according to the development trend of the fire.

[0084] Optional, such as Figure 9 As shown, the suspended dry powder fire extinguisher can quickly sense the temperature of the fire area and trigger the start-up through a thermal signal or electromagnetic drive. The expansion gas reactor receives the thermal signal to trigger and quickly produces a large amount of high-pressure inert gas. The ultra-fine dry powder rushes to the passive pulse automatic start valve through the pulse mechanism, and the wide-neck upper valve cover to the fixed-point sliding ball buckle completes a single reciprocating action. The valve internal drive spring acts reciprocatingly, and the ultra-fine dry powder is ejected through the inner cavity flow channel through the adjustable rocker arm nozzle, and is pulsed outward at high speed to cover the fire source. The fire extinguishing rate is 3-4 times higher than that of traditional dry powder fire extinguishers, achieving rapid response startup and efficient fire extinguishing.

[0085] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that it provides an integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction and delineation and multi-effect treatment, realizes high-precision dynamic monitoring of CO disaster sources under diesel vehicle climbing conditions, accurate delineation and positioning of multi-disaster source coverage areas, and comprehensive treatment optimization of diesel vehicle exhaust emissions, forms a systematic method for CO dynamic monitoring and supervision, multi-disaster source area threshold delineation, and multi-source and multi-effect coordinated treatment of exhaust, enriches the dynamic monitoring scientific and technological means of mobile diesel vehicle CO programming algorithm, and improves the innovation level of exhaust disaster source multi-effect treatment and prevention and control.

Claims

1. The integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction and demarcation and multi-effect control is characterized by: The system includes three parts: a CO in-situ dynamic monitoring unit, a multi-hazard source area threshold delineation unit, and a mobile diesel vehicle exhaust multi-source and multi-effect treatment unit. The CO in-situ dynamic monitoring unit includes a dynamic monitoring layout for CO released by diesel vehicles climbing a slope and a multi-directional optimized measurement point particle swarm layout algorithm system. The dynamic monitoring layout for CO released by diesel vehicles climbing a slope adopts a full-area three-dimensional joint measurement point arrangement, equipped with fixed embedded sensing points and tracking infrared sensing points, forming a stable triangular disaster domain and a full-area diamond disaster domain monitoring layout. The multi-directional optimized measurement point particle swarm layout algorithm system includes mutual verification of diesel vehicle field experiments and modeling calculations, and a multi-directional CO active measurement point particle swarm optimization layout algorithm, which simulates the CO exhaust migration characteristics of diesel vehicles climbing a slope. Through the particle swarm active dimension index k, the speed and position are updated according to individual and group experience, and the optimal monitoring point layout scheme is analyzed and optimized to predict the spatiotemporal evolution of monitoring excessive CO. The multi-hazard source area threshold delineation unit includes a multi-hazard disaster area VC union covering method, which is characterized by the mutual verification of CO and NO in open and mine environments. x , H2S and smoke particles harmful exhaust substances are used to circle the disaster area, load the VC vertex boundary coverage algorithm, set the maximum critical threshold through calculation programming, and obtain the maximum union boundary of multiple disaster sources through the VC internal algorithm. The maximum allowable concentration c' of mine disaster sources is less than the maximum allowable concentration c of open space disaster sources, c'<c, the mine disaster source disaster coverage area S' is less than the open space disaster source disaster coverage area S, S'<S; a mobile diesel vehicle CO exhaust multi-source multi-effect treatment unit, including a four-effect multi-element filtering catalytic purification device, a post-plug-in dust removal and CO response device and a multi-scene follow-up CO intelligent monitoring and fire extinguishing integrated device.

2. The integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction and delineation and multi-effect control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The dynamic monitoring layout of CO released by diesel vehicles climbing slopes arranges fixed embedded sensing points at 0.5m in the squatting breathing zone, 3m in the tunnel height and at the vertex position; tracking infrared sensing points are arranged at 0.5m from the diesel vehicle exhaust port and 1.5-1.6m from the driver's breathing zone. The CO measuring points in the squatting position and the normal breathing zone of personnel constitute a stable triangular disaster domain, and the concentrated exhaust emission area of ​​diesel vehicles and the tunnel position measuring points constitute a 360° full-area diamond disaster domain.

3. The integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction and demarcation and multi-effect control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The four-effect multi-element filtering catalytic purification device is equipped with a detachable carbon oil decontamination attachment net, a graded filtering dense mesh, a suction-type air inlet flow pusher, a high-morphology siliconized porous double-layer nano CeO2 catalyst, a stepped metal desulfurization organic skeleton, a porous honeycomb adsorption ceramic tube, a loaded Mn-Co oxidation catalyst, a temperature-sensitive control sensor and an adiabatic oil-proof and explosion-proof isolation protection device. The harmful exhaust gas is purified of smoke particles through the graded filtering dense mesh, and the high-temperature multi-element catalytic oxidation of CO, H2S and NO x Gas, low temperature threshold regulates the discharge of purified substances.

4. The integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction and delineation and multi-effect control according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The high-morphology siliconized porous double-layer nano CeO2 catalyst targets CO removal, and the siliconized active material improves the porous structure and catalytic performance of CeO2. It enhances the in-situ catalytic CO-O2 dual adsorption performance at high temperatures of 200-500°C in the exhaust pipe. CO is adsorbed on the active sites on the CeO2 surface to form CeO2. 3+ and Ce 4+ Oxidation state changes of Ce 3+ Absorb O2 to Ce 4+ The enriched area is transferred and circulated to catalyze oxygen regeneration, and the gas adsorbed in the dual paths reacts to form CO2.

5. The integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction and demarcation and multi-effect control according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The thermal insulation, oil-proof and explosion-proof isolation protection device includes a zirconized porous ceramic fiber insulation coating, a lightweight, corrosion-resistant and sound-absorbing mineral wool, a double-suspension shock-absorbing rubber liner, a detachable hollow ceramic barrier protection cover and a fixed vertical spring cone plug. The surface of the exhaust pipe of the impedance main muffler is sequentially provided with a thermal insulation and silencer device layer. The detachable hollow ceramic barrier protection cover is composed of nano-hollow ceramic microbeads in the membrane layer to form a vacuum cavity, forming an effective thermal insulation and sound-absorbing barrier.

6. The integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction and delineation and multi-effect control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rear-insertion dust removal and CO elimination response device is installed at the rear of a diesel vehicle, and includes a full-spiral negative pressure gas dust suction head, a downward-shooting dispersed atomizing nozzle, a self-weight pulse bag dust collection box, a siliconized porous nano-CeO2 catalytic film layer, a porous MOF-photoabsorption catalytic outer layer, an external dust-proof airbag cover and a double internal magnetic fixed lock. The dust-laden gas is subjected to primary dust removal by a dust-proof roller brush, and is sucked in at extreme negative pressure by a full-spiral centrifugal disturber. Soot particles are precipitated through a dust filter, and CO is adsorbed and oxidized by the porous nano-CeO2 catalytic film layer. The particulate matter settles in the dust collection box and is removed by a diversion and cleaning control device.

7. The integrated device for diesel vehicle disaster source prediction and delineation and multi-effect control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-scenario step-by-step CO intelligent monitoring and fire extinguishing integrated device includes an online CO infrared sensor detector, an automatic linkage alarm responder, an automated thermal temperature control unit, a DC foam ejection gun, an interval high-pressure water nozzle and a suspended pulse dry powder fire extinguisher. The high-temperature fire zone disaster signal triggers the generation of high-pressure inert gas in the dry powder fire extinguisher cavity, triggering the ultra-fine dry powder to pass through the pulse jet. The passive pulse valve spontaneously starts fire extinguishing. Multiple fire extinguishing response devices automatically control the emergency response of catastrophic flammable gas and oil fires.

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