Reciprocating piston type heat engine and carrying tool

Abstract

The reciprocating piston type heat engine comprises a cylinder body, a piston, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a lever and a compensation shaft, the piston is arranged in an inner cavity of the cylinder body, one end of the connecting rod is hinged to the piston, the crankshaft is hinged to the connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the lever, and the other end of the lever penetrates through a sliding way transversely arranged on the compensation shaft. The lever can slide back and forth in the slideway of the compensation shaft. The piston thrust can be converted into output torque as much as possible, the output torque is effectively increased, and the combustion efficiency of the reciprocating piston type heat engine is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to a reciprocating piston heat engine and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The work process of a traditional reciprocating piston heat engine (including internal combustion engines and external combustion engines) is the process of converting the thrust of the piston in the cylinder into torque on the crankshaft. More specifically, the total force P along the centerline of the cylinder is used to drive the crankshaft to rotate in the tangential component on the crank pin to achieve the purpose of work. Figure 7 As shown, the mathematical expression of its torque is: Mt = Pt·R = P·R·sin(α+β) / cosβFormula 1 In formula 1: Mt is the crankshaft output torque, Pt is the tangential force acting on the crank pin, P is the total force acting on the center line of the piston from the cylinder cavity, R is the crankshaft radius, α is the power output shaft angle, where the power output shaft angle is the crankshaft angle, and β is the connecting rod swing angle; obviously, formula 1 is a sine function.

[0003] Here, we choose a gasoline engine among reciprocating piston heat engines for analysis.

[0004] When analyzing a gasoline engine, we use a typical gasoline engine analysis tool: the dynamometer diagram, such as Fig. 9 As shown, we substitute different angles according to α in formula 1 to obtain the corresponding torque Mt value, and then draw points on the dynamometer diagram and connect the points to obtain the output torque Mt curve of the gasoline engine.

[0005] We compared the torque Mt curve with the cylinder pressure curve P and found that the initial stage of the torque Mt curve was much smoother than the initial stage of the pressure curve P, and the amplitude was much smaller, especially in the range of 0~30°, the attenuation was very significant. Only when the crankshaft angle reached 35°, the peak of the torque Mt appeared, and the peak was not "sharp", that is, the peak of the torque Mt lagged behind the peak of the cylinder pressure P by about 25°, and its peak height was less than half of the peak of the pressure P curve. The torque Mt curve was seriously distorted compared with the pressure curve P, and it was not until the crankshaft angle reached 50° that the torque Mt curve touched the pressure curve P, and then Mt gradually faded away. Here, we can see that the area surrounded by the torque Mt curve and the X and Y axes is much smaller than the area surrounded by the cylinder pressure P and X and Y, which objectively and inevitably caused the reduction of the thermal efficiency of the gasoline engine. Because the crankshaft relies on the tangential force acting on the crank pin, and the tangential force presents a sinusoidal characteristic {Psin(α+β) / cosβ}, the significant feature of the sine function is that its value is zero at 0°. Its value is 1 only when it is 90°. The process from 0° to 90° is a gradual process. At the beginning of the power stroke, the piston is at the top dead center or just left the top dead center. The space above the piston is small, the extrusion force of the combustion medium is strong, and the cylinder pressure P appears in the form of a peak. This is the perfect time to exert force to push back. Because the crankshaft angle α is small, the sine value of the α angle is small, and its product with the pressure P is of course also small. At this time, the thrust of the piston is only the thrust on the center axis of the crankshaft-the normal force {Pcos(α+β) / cosβ}, and the tangential force Pt on the crankpin is very weak. Only after the crankshaft rotates a considerable angle of α, the tangential force acting on the crankpin gradually appears, and it is late, but the great opportunity to do work has been missed. The wasted work will only be taken away and dissipated by the cooling medium in the form of heat. This phenomenon is just explained by the first law of thermodynamics. It can be said that this is the real reason why the thermal efficiency of traditional reciprocating piston gasoline engines has stagnated for a long time. The conclusion is very clear. As soon as work begins, a considerable amount of energy loss occurs immediately. By analogy, other types of reciprocating piston heat engines also have the same problem, such as diesel engines, Stirling engines, etc. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the thermal efficiency of reciprocating piston heat engines. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a reciprocating piston heat engine and a vehicle, which can convert the piston thrust into output torque as much as possible, effectively increase the output torque, and improve the combustion efficiency of the reciprocating piston heat engine.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A reciprocating piston heat engine comprises a cylinder body, a piston, a connecting rod and a crankshaft. The reciprocating piston heat engine also comprises a lever and a compensation shaft. The piston is arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder body, one end of the connecting rod is hinged to the piston, the crank is hinged to the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the lever. The lever passes horizontally through the compensation shaft with a slideway, and the lever can slide back and forth in the slideway of the compensation shaft.

[0008] Preferably, the hinge point between the crank and the connecting rod is located between the hinge point between the piston and the connecting rod and the hinge point between the lever and the connecting rod.

[0009] Preferably, the compensation axis and the straight line of the moving trajectory of the piston do not intersect; Preferably, the compensation axis is perpendicular to the moving trajectory of the piston.

[0010] Preferably, when the piston moves to the top dead center of the stroke in the cylinder, the angle between the connecting rod and the lever is 80°~110°.

[0011] Preferably, when the piston moves to the bottom dead point of the stroke in the cylinder, the length direction of the connecting rod is consistent with the moving direction of the piston.

[0012] Preferably, the crank is connected to a crankshaft, and the crank rotates around the crankshaft.

[0013] Preferably, the compensating shaft is connected with an overrunning clutch.

[0014] Preferably, each cylinder, a piston, a connecting rod and a crank form a power unit; The reciprocating piston heat engine comprises a power output shaft and a plurality of power units arranged side by side, and the compensation shaft of each power unit is connected to the power output shaft through an overrunning clutch.

[0015] Preferably, the reciprocating piston heat engine also includes an ignition switch, a spark plug, an intake valve, an exhaust valve and a high-pressure injection system, the intake valve, the exhaust valve, the high-pressure injection system and the spark plug are arranged on the top of the cylinder body, and the ignition switch is connected to the spark plug through an ignition coil.

[0016] A vehicle comprises the reciprocating piston heat engine as described above.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention improves the working state of the piston by using the compensation shaft as the output end, and transforms the force directly applied to the crank and crankshaft in the traditional reciprocating piston heat engine into a force applied to the crank and transmitted to the lever at the same time, and linked with the compensation shaft; the force applied to the crank is only to maintain the inertial rotation and ensure the smooth transition of each stroke (such as two-stroke and four-stroke) without pause, and the force received by the lever and the compensation shaft is the output power of the reciprocating piston heat engine of the present invention, which can effectively convert the thrust of the piston into the output torque of the heat engine, overcoming the initial explosion. The defect that the piston thrust cannot be effectively converted into torque when the piston thrust value is maximum can avoid unnecessary energy loss, effectively increase the output torque, and improve the thermal efficiency of the reciprocating piston heat engine. Due to the improvement of thermal efficiency and the increase of output torque, the heat that needs to be taken away by the combustion medium in the cylinder will inevitably decrease, and the scale and difficulty of the required cooling system will also be reduced accordingly. This is very beneficial for weight reduction and cost reduction, especially for reciprocating piston engines. Under the same power, emissions are reduced and energy is saved, which is very beneficial to the human living environment.

[0018] 2. In the present invention, when the piston moves to the top dead center of the stroke in the cylinder and starts to work, the angle between the connecting rod and the lever is 80°~110°, which can effectively convert the maximum thrust of the piston at the beginning of the explosion into the tangential force on the compensation shaft, reduce the impact force on the crankshaft, especially in the case of detonation, extend the service life of the equipment, and improve the safety and reliability of the operation of the thermal engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 2 is a cross-sectional view of a reciprocating piston heat engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Left view of .

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a reciprocating piston heat engine in a compression state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a reciprocating piston heat engine in a working state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a reciprocating piston heat engine in an embodiment of the present invention when the piston moves to the lower dead point of the stroke.

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a reciprocating piston heat engine in an exhaust state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 It is the schematic diagram of a traditional reciprocating piston heat engine.

[0026] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a reciprocating piston heat engine in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Fig. 9 It is an indicator diagram of the reciprocating piston heat engine in the embodiment of the present invention and a traditional reciprocating piston heat engine.

[0028] In the figure: 1-cylinder body; 2-piston; 3-connecting rod; 4-crank; 5-lever; 6-compensating shaft; 7-hinge shaft; 8-crankshaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like are involved, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] Example 1 A reciprocating piston heat engine, such as Figures 1 to 6As shown, it includes a cylinder body 1, a piston 2, a connecting rod 3, a crank 4, a lever 5 and a compensation shaft 6. The piston 2 is arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder body 1 and can move up and down along the inner cavity of the cylinder body 1. One end of the connecting rod 3 is hinged to the piston 2, and the crank is hinged to the connecting rod 3. The other end of the connecting rod 3 is hinged to one end of the lever 5 outside the cylinder body 1 through a hinge shaft 7. A slideway is transversely penetrated on the compensation shaft 6, and the slideway is arranged radially along the compensation shaft. The other end of the lever 5 passes through the slideway transversely arranged on the compensation shaft 6, and the lever 5 can slide back and forth in the slideway of the compensation shaft 6; when the piston 2 moves to the lower dead point of the stroke in the cylinder body 1, the cylinder body 1 inhales a combustible mixed gas or liquid to achieve air intake; Then, under the action of inertia, the piston 2 moves upward and enters the compression stroke; after the compression stroke, it enters the explosion stroke. In this stroke, the combustible mixture pushes the piston 2 to move to the lower dead center of the cylinder 1 after the explosion, and the connecting rod 3 also moves downward, and drives the lever 5 to move downward. The downward movement of the lever 5 causes the lever 5 to slide relative to the slideway of the compensation shaft 6, and also drives the compensation shaft 6 to rotate clockwise around its own axis, thereby realizing the output of power; then the connecting rod 3 continues to rotate around the rotation center of the crank 4, and pushes the piston 2 to move to the upper dead center of the cylinder 1, discharging the exhaust gas from the cylinder body; then enters the next cycle.

[0033] Furthermore, the hinge point between the crank 4 and the connecting rod 3 is located between the hinge point between the piston 2 and the connecting rod 3 and the hinge point between the lever 5 and the connecting rod 3 .

[0034] Furthermore, the compensation axis 6 and the straight line of the moving trajectory of the piston 2 do not intersect, and the compensation axis 6 and the straight line of the moving trajectory of the piston 2 are perpendicular to each other.

[0035] Furthermore, when the piston 2 moves to the top dead center of the stroke in the cylinder 1 (i.e., the piston moves to the innermost end of the stroke of the inner cavity of the cylinder 1), the angle between the connecting rod 3 and the lever 5 is 80°~110°.

[0036] In the best embodiment, when the piston 2 moves to the top dead center of the stroke in the cylinder 1, the angle between the connecting rod 3 and the lever 5 is 90°.

[0037] Furthermore, when the piston 2 moves to the lower dead center of the stroke in the cylinder 1 (ie, the piston moves to the outermost end of the stroke of the inner cavity of the cylinder 1 ), the length direction of the connecting rod 3 is consistent with the moving direction of the piston 2 .

[0038] Furthermore, the crank 4 is connected to the crankshaft 8, and the rotation of the crank 4 can drive the crankshaft 8 to rotate; the hinge point between the connecting rod 3 and the crank 4 is not on the axis of the crankshaft.

[0039] Further, the compensation shaft 6 is connected with an overrunning clutch for driving the wheels; The compensation shaft 6 directly serves as a power output shaft, or the compensation shaft 6 is connected to the power output shaft via an overrunning clutch.

[0040] Furthermore, the reciprocating piston heat engine also includes an ignition switch, a spark plug, an intake valve, an exhaust valve and a high-pressure injection system. The intake valve, the exhaust valve, the high-pressure injection system and the spark plug are arranged on the top of the cylinder body. The ignition switch is connected to the spark plug through an ignition coil, and the intake valve, the exhaust valve and the high-pressure injection system are all connected to the control system of the vehicle (that is, the intake valve, the exhaust valve and the high-pressure injection system are all connected to the control system of the car or ship).

[0041] Further, each cylinder 1, a piston 2, a connecting rod 3 and a crank 3 form a power unit; The reciprocating piston heat engine comprises a power output shaft and a plurality of power units arranged side by side. The compensation shaft 6 of each power unit is connected to the power output shaft through an overrunning clutch. Each compensation shaft 6 transmits power to the power output shaft through the overrunning clutch, and the power output shaft outputs the power uniformly.

[0042] The compensation shaft 6 and the power output shaft of each power unit are arranged in the same direction, and the compensation shaft 6 of each power unit is arranged in a staggered phase.

[0043] Example 2 The vehicle constructed on the basis of Example 1 has better performance than the limited Example 2.

[0044] A vehicle comprises the reciprocating piston heat engine as described above, and the vehicle is driven by the reciprocating piston heat engine.

[0045] Means of transport include but are not limited to vehicles and ships, and vehicles include but are not limited to cars and motorcycles.

[0046] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the piston 2 moves to the lower dead center of the stroke in the cylinder 1, and the inner cavity of the cylinder 1 sucks in the combustible mixed gas or liquid to achieve intake; under the inertia of the crankshaft 8, the piston 2 moves to the upper dead center in the cylinder 1 to achieve compression; then the combustible mixed gas or liquid explodes and pushes the piston 2 to move to the lower dead center in the cylinder 1 to achieve work; due to inertia, the connecting rod 3 continues to rotate around the rotation center of the crankshaft 4, and pushes the piston 2 to move to the upper dead center in the cylinder 1, discharges the exhaust gas in the inner cavity of the cylinder 1, and achieves exhaust; then enters the next cycle. Due to the continuous output of power, the vehicle is driven to move forward continuously.

[0047] Because the cosine function is just opposite to the sine function, when the power output shaft rotation angle is 0°, the cosine function value is 1, and then the function value gradually decreases with the increase of the angle. This feature is very beneficial when applied to the piston work of a reciprocating piston heat engine. Therefore, according to the reciprocating piston heat engine in the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 As shown, establish the following formula: Mt'=P·L·cosαFormula 2 In formula 2, Mt' is the torque delivered by the compensation shaft, P is the total force of the cylinder cavity on the center line of the piston, L is the lever arm acting on the compensation shaft, α is the power output shaft angle of a single power unit, where the power output shaft angle is the compensation shaft angle, and the compensation shaft angle α is usually 0~50°, which is used as the power output shaft angle; here, the gasoline engine is taken as an example for analysis, and its indicator diagram is as follows Fig. 9 As shown, it should be noted that: in the above analysis of all the working conditions of the traditional gasoline engine, the objective factors have not changed, and the pressure in the cylinder is still the same P curve. It is just that the crankshaft of the gasoline engine as the power output end is transferred to the compensation shaft.

[0048] exist Fig. 9 On the figure, we can intuitively observe that the dotted line near the lower edge of the pressure curve P is the output torque curve Mt' on the compensation shaft. Compared with the output torque curve Mt of the traditional gasoline engine, Mt' is very close to the cylinder pressure curve P. The area surrounded by Mt' and the X and Y axes is much larger than the area surrounded by Mt and the X and Y axes. This is because: when the piston just starts to work at the top dead center, the cylinder pressure is high, the cosine function value is large, and the thrust on the compensation shaft is also large, and the product of the two is higher. As the piston continues to work downward, the piston pressure P in the cylinder cavity gradually decreases, and the compensation shaft rotation angle α' also increases, and the function value gradually decreases until the work is completed. Here, the peak value of the piston pressure P in the cylinder body is combined with the peak value of the cosine function to appear synchronously, realizing the efficient conversion of "force" into "torque". This is very beneficial to improving the thermal efficiency of the reciprocating piston heat engine.

[0049] The present invention abandons the traditional regulation of using the crankshaft main shaft as the power output end, and instead sets a hinge at the lower end of the connecting rod big end, and a lever is connected to the hinge. The lever passes through the compensation shaft with a slideway beside the crankshaft. When the piston works, the downward movement of the connecting rod drives the hinge downward, and the downward movement of the hinge drives the lever to drive the compensation shaft to reciprocate clockwise to achieve power output; in the exhaust stroke, the hinge drives the lever to drive the compensation shaft to rotate counterclockwise with the upward movement of the piston, and the compensation shaft turns to clockwise rotation in the intake stroke, and the compensation shaft rotates counterclockwise in the subsequent compression stroke, and the cycle repeats. In order to ensure the continuity of power output, an overrunning clutch is set on the compensation shaft to ensure continuous power output in the same direction.

[0050] The compensating shaft added to the device greatly improves the working state of the piston, and transforms the force that was previously applied only to the crankshaft into the force applied to the compensating shaft. In this way, the sinusoidal relationship of the work done on the crankshaft is transformed into a cosine relationship of the work done on the compensating shaft. Under the condition of unchanged external conditions, the output torque is increased and the thermal efficiency is improved.

[0051] The power output of a conventional reciprocating piston heat engine is achieved through the crankshaft itself, while the power output of the present invention is achieved through a compensating shaft other than the crankshaft.

[0052] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0053] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reciprocating piston heat engine, comprising a cylinder (1), a piston (2), a connecting rod (3), and a crank (4), characterized in that: The reciprocating piston heat engine further comprises a lever (5) and a compensation shaft (6); the piston (2) is arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder body (1); one end of the connecting rod (3) is hinged to the piston (2); the crank is hinged to the connecting rod (3); the other end of the connecting rod (3) is hinged to one end of the lever (5) outside the cylinder body (1); the other end of the lever (5) passes through a slideway transversely arranged on the compensation shaft (6); and the lever (5) can slide back and forth in the slideway of the compensation shaft (6).

2. The reciprocating piston heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compensation shaft (6) and the moving trajectory straight line of the piston (2) do not intersect.

3. The reciprocating piston heat engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The compensation shaft (6) is perpendicular to the moving trajectory of the piston (2).

4. The reciprocating piston heat engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the piston (2) moves to the top dead center of the stroke in the cylinder body (1), the angle between the connecting rod (3) and the lever (5) is 80° to 110°.

5. The reciprocating piston heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crank (4) is connected to a crankshaft, and the crank (4) rotates around the crankshaft.

6. The reciprocating piston heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compensation shaft (6) is connected with an overrunning clutch.

7. The reciprocating piston heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each cylinder (1), a piston (2), a connecting rod (3) and a crank (3) form a power unit; The reciprocating piston heat engine comprises a power output shaft and a plurality of power units arranged side by side, wherein the compensation shaft (6) of each power unit is connected to the power output shaft via an overrunning clutch.

8. The reciprocating piston heat engine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The compensation shaft and the power output shaft of each power unit are arranged in the same direction, and the compensation shaft of each power unit is arranged in a staggered phase.

9. The reciprocating piston heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reciprocating piston heat engine also includes an ignition switch, a spark plug, an intake valve, an exhaust valve and a high-pressure injection system. The intake valve, the exhaust valve, the high-pressure injection system and the spark plug are arranged on the top of the cylinder body. The ignition switch is connected to the spark plug through an ignition coil.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises a reciprocating piston heat engine as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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