A temperature control structure and heat and cold management system and control method for a power battery

Abstract

The present invention discloses a temperature control structure and a heat and cold management system and control method for a power battery, belonging to the field of cooling and heating technology under an intelligent control system. The structure comprises: a plurality of fins, the fins being arranged on a battery, the battery comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged side by side, the plurality of fins and the plurality of battery cells being arranged at intervals, the battery cells being sandwiched between two adjacent fins, and the fins being provided with ventilation channels; a double-layer serpentine flow channel, the double-layer serpentine flow channel comprising an upper serpentine flow channel and a lower serpentine flow channel, the upper serpentine flow channel being close to the tops of the plurality of battery cells, and the lower serpentine flow channel being close to the bottoms of the plurality of battery cells. The present invention facilitates uniform heat exchange of the battery cells, improves the temperature control uniformity and temperature control efficiency of the battery cells, reduces the temperature gradient of the temperature field within the battery pack, maintains the battery pack in a suitable temperature range, and facilitates improving the overall performance of the battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cooling and heating under an intelligent control system, and in particular to a temperature control structure and a heat and cold management system and a control method for a power battery. Background Art

[0002] In high-temperature environments, the activity of chemical reactions inside the battery increases, resulting in the generation of large amounts of heat. If this heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will lead to internal heat accumulation, which in turn will cause thermal runaway and safety accidents. In extremely low-temperature environments, the activity of the chemical substances inside the battery decreases, and the internal resistance and viscosity of the electrolyte increase, which may lead to irreversible decay of the battery capacity and precipitation of metallic lithium. In addition, if there is a large temperature difference between the individual cells in the battery pack, it may lead to inconsistent performance and capacity decay of different cells, thereby affecting the performance of the entire battery system. Therefore, it is critical for power batteries to maintain a suitable operating temperature range.

[0003] Traditional cooling methods involve installing air cooling or liquid cooling within the battery housing. However, traditional air cooling cannot meet the cooling requirements of batteries under complex operating conditions such as high-rate charge and discharge and long-term operation. Furthermore, traditional liquid cooling methods typically use a single flow channel, which cannot fully exchange heat for the battery and cannot meet the current high-rate charge and discharge requirements.

[0004] To this end, a temperature control structure, a heat and cold management system, and a control method for a power battery are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a temperature control structure and a heat and cold management system and a control method for a power battery, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a temperature control structure for a power battery, comprising:

[0007] A plurality of fins, the fins being used to be arranged on a battery, the battery comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged side by side, the plurality of fins and the plurality of battery cells being arranged at intervals, the battery cells being sandwiched between two adjacent fins, and the fins being provided with ventilation channels;

[0008] A double-layer serpentine flow channel includes an upper serpentine flow channel and a lower serpentine flow channel, wherein the upper serpentine flow channel is close to the top of the plurality of battery cells, and the lower serpentine flow channel is close to the bottom of the plurality of battery cells.

[0009] Optionally, an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel are respectively provided on opposite sides of the plurality of fins, both sides of the ventilation channel are respectively connected to the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel, and a plurality of air inlet fans are fixedly connected to the air inlet of the air inlet channel;

[0010] The plurality of ventilation channels are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the incoming air in the air inlet channel, and the size of the air inlet channel gradually decreases along the flow direction of the incoming air; the plurality of ventilation channels are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the outgoing air in the air outlet channel, and the size of the air outlet channel gradually increases along the flow direction of the outgoing air.

[0011] Optionally, a plurality of air inlets are provided on the side wall of the air inlet channel, a plurality of air outlets are provided on the side wall of the air outlet channel, the two ends of the ventilation channel on the fin are respectively connected to the air inlet and the air outlet, and the air inlet end of the air inlet and the air outlet end of the air outlet are respectively provided with expansion grooves.

[0012] Optionally, the size of the ventilation channel gradually decreases along the flow direction of the wind.

[0013] Optionally, the upper serpentine flow channel includes two parallel first serpentine tubes, the lower serpentine flow channel includes two parallel second serpentine tubes, the top of the fin is sandwiched between the two first serpentine tubes, and the bottom of the fin is sandwiched between the two second serpentine tubes;

[0014] A first water inlet pipe and a first water outlet pipe are also provided, and the two ends of the first water inlet pipe are respectively fixedly connected and communicated with the water inlet ends of the two first serpentine pipes and the water inlet ends of the two second serpentine pipes, and the two ends of the first water outlet pipe are respectively fixedly connected and communicated with the water outlet ends of the two first serpentine pipes and the water outlet ends of the two second serpentine pipes, a first water inlet is opened in the middle of the first water inlet pipe, and a first water outlet is opened in the middle of the first water outlet pipe.

[0015] Optionally, the battery unit is wrapped with a thermally conductive adhesive layer, the side wall of the thermally conductive adhesive layer is in contact with the side wall of the fin, and the first serpentine tube and the second serpentine tube are respectively located at the top and bottom of the thermally conductive adhesive layer.

[0016] A heat and cold management system for a power battery is also provided, comprising a heating module and a liquid cooling module, wherein the heating module is used to heat the liquid in the upper serpentine flow channel and the lower serpentine flow channel, and the liquid cooling module is used to cool the liquid in the upper serpentine flow channel and the lower serpentine flow channel;

[0017] A first inlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module is in communication with external air, an outlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module is in communication with the plurality of ventilation channels, and the ventilation channels are also in communication with external air.

[0018] Optionally, the cold water inlet and the cold water outlet of the heating module are connected with a first pipe 77, the first pipe 77 on the cold water outlet of the heating module is connected with the water inlet of the liquid cooling module, and the water outlet of the liquid cooling module is connected with the water inlet ends of the upper serpentine flow channel and the lower serpentine flow channel through a second pipe 86, a water pump is fixedly connected to the second pipe, and a first three-way valve is connected between the water pump and the liquid cooling module; the first pipe 77 on the cold water inlet of the heating module is connected with a fourth pipe 85 through a second three-way valve, and the fourth pipe 85 is connected with the water outlet ends of the upper serpentine flow channel and the lower serpentine flow channel;

[0019] A third pipe 76 is connected to the hot water inlet and hot water outlet of the heating module. The third pipe 76 on the hot water inlet of the heating module is connected to the third port on the second three-way valve. The third pipe 76 on the hot water outlet of the heating module is connected to the third port of the first three-way valve.

[0020] Optionally, a heat exchange unit is further provided, which is used to be placed on the heating element to absorb heat from the heating element. The liquid in the heat exchange unit is connected to the third pipe 76 on the hot water outlet of the heating module through a fifth pipe 78. The fifth pipe 78 is provided with a switch.

[0021] The heat exchange unit is further connected to an air duct 79 , one end of which is connected to the outside air, and the other end of which is connected to the second inlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module.

[0022] A control method for a cold and heat management system is also provided, wherein when the battery pack needs to dissipate heat, the temperature of the battery pack is set to a first temperature stage, a second temperature stage, and a third temperature stage, and the temperatures in the first temperature stage, the second temperature stage, and the third temperature stage increase in sequence;

[0023] When the battery pack is in the first temperature stage, external natural wind is introduced into the ventilation duct;

[0024] When the battery pack is in the second temperature stage, the liquid cooling module is turned on and external natural wind is introduced into the ventilation channel;

[0025] When the battery pack is in the third temperature stage, the liquid cooling module is turned on, and the outlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module is connected to the multiple ventilation channels. External natural wind passes through the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module and then enters the ventilation channel.

[0026] When the battery pack needs to be heated, the temperature of the battery pack is in the fourth temperature stage and the fifth temperature stage, and the temperature in the fourth temperature stage is greater than the temperature in the fifth temperature stage;

[0027] When the battery pack is in the fourth temperature stage, the heat exchange unit is turned on;

[0028] When the battery pack is in the fifth temperature stage, the heat exchange unit is turned on and the heating module is turned on.

[0029] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: the present application is provided with fins and double-layer serpentine flow channels, cold air or hot air can be passed into the fins, and cooling liquid or heating liquid can be passed into the double-layer serpentine flow channels, thereby realizing the dual heat exchange effect of air circulation and liquid flow coupled, and the fins are located on the side of the battery cell, and the double-layer serpentine flow channels are located on the top surface and the ground of the battery cell, which is conducive to uniform heat exchange of the battery cell, improves the temperature control uniformity and temperature control efficiency of the battery cell, reduces the temperature gradient of the temperature field in the battery pack, and maintains the battery pack in a suitable temperature range, which is conducive to improving the overall performance of the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of this application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of this application are intended to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the accompanying drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the temperature control structure of the power battery in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the air outlet channel and the top plate in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 An exploded view of the temperature regulating structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery unit and fins in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the air outlet plate in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the air inlet plate of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the double-layer serpentine flow channel in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cooling and heating management system of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the heating module in the present invention.

[0040] Figure: 1. Fin; 2. Battery cell; 3. Ventilation channel; 4. Upper serpentine flow channel; 5. Lower serpentine flow channel; 6. Air inlet channel; 7. Air outlet channel; 8. Air inlet fan; 9. Air inlet; 10. Air outlet; 11. Air inlet plate; 12. Air outlet plate; 13. First serpentine tube; 14. Second serpentine tube; 15. First water inlet pipe; 16. First water outlet pipe; 17. First water inlet; 18. First water outlet; 19. Thermal adhesive layer; 20. Top plate; 21. First bottom plate; 22. First slot; 23. Second bottom plate; 24. Heating module; 25. Liquid cooling module 26. First pipeline; 27. Second pipeline; 28. Water pump; 29. ​​First three-way valve; 30. Second three-way valve; 31. Fourth pipeline; 32. Third pipeline; 33. Fifth pipeline; 34. Air duct; 35. Heat exchange unit; 37. Back cover; 38. Front cover; 39. Outer box layer; 40. Middle box layer; 41. Inner box layer; 42. Vacuum layer; 43. Load support; 44. Limiting strip; 45. Insulation material layer; 46. First inner cavity; 47. Second inner cavity; 48. Third inner cavity; 49. PTC thermistor; 50. BTMS controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] Reference Figures 1-8 The present invention provides a temperature control structure for a power battery, comprising:

[0044] A plurality of fins 1 are provided on a battery. The battery includes a plurality of battery cells 2 arranged side by side. The plurality of fins 1 and the plurality of battery cells 2 are arranged at intervals. The battery cells 2 are sandwiched between two adjacent fins 1. A ventilation channel 3 is provided on the fin 1.

[0045] The double-layer serpentine flow channel includes an upper serpentine flow channel 4 and a lower serpentine flow channel 5 . The upper serpentine flow channel 4 is close to the top of the multiple battery cells 2 , and the lower serpentine flow channel 5 is close to the bottom of the multiple battery cells 2 .

[0046] The present application is provided with fins 1 and double-layer serpentine flow channels, cold air or hot air can be passed into the fins 1, and cooling liquid or heating liquid can be passed into the double-layer serpentine flow channels, thereby achieving a dual heat exchange effect of air circulation and liquid flow coupled, and the fins 1 are located on the side of the battery cell 2, and the double-layer serpentine flow channels are located on the top surface and the ground of the battery cell 2, which is conducive to uniform heat exchange of the battery cell 2, improves the temperature control uniformity and temperature control efficiency of the battery cell 2, reduces the temperature gradient of the temperature field in the battery pack, and maintains the battery pack in a suitable temperature range, which is conducive to improving the overall performance of the battery pack.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, an air inlet channel 6 and an air outlet channel 7 are respectively provided on opposite sides of the plurality of fins 1, and both sides of the ventilation channel 3 are respectively connected to the air inlet channel 6 and the air outlet channel 7, and a plurality of air inlet fans 8 are fixed at the air inlet of the air inlet channel 6;

[0048] Multiple ventilation channels 3 are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the incoming air in the air inlet channel 6, and the size of the air inlet channel 6 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the incoming air; multiple ventilation channels 3 are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the outgoing air in the air outlet channel 7, and the size of the air outlet channel 7 gradually increases along the flow direction of the outgoing air.

[0049] After the external air flows into the air inlet channel 6, it will flow into each ventilation channel 3 in turn. As the air flows in the air inlet channel 6, the air flow rate will gradually decrease. By setting the air inlet channel 6 to a tapered type, the wind speed can be concentrated, the wind flow rate can be increased, and the wind speed can be avoided from being too low when it flows to the rear end of the air inlet channel 6; the air outlet channel 7 is set to a tapered type to avoid blocking the air outlet, and the air outlet smoothness can be improved while ensuring the flow rate, thereby improving the heat exchange effect.

[0050] In some optional embodiments, multiple air inlets 9 are provided on the side wall of the air inlet channel 6, and multiple air outlets 10 are provided on the side wall of the air outlet channel 7. The two ends of the ventilation channel 3 on the fin 1 are respectively connected to the air inlet 9 and the air outlet 10, and the air inlet end of the air inlet 9 and the air outlet end of the air outlet 10 are respectively provided with expansion grooves.

[0051] The expanded groove is provided to facilitate the air in the air inlet channel 6 to flow smoothly into the ventilation channel 3.

[0052] In some additional implementation schemes, a plurality of air inlets 9 are provided on the side wall of the air inlet channel 6, an air inlet plate 11 is fixedly connected to the air inlet 9, an air inlet channel connected to the air inlet 9 is provided on the air inlet plate 11, a plurality of air inlet plates 11 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of fins 1, and the air inlet channel is connected to the ventilation channel 3; a plurality of air outlets 10 are provided on the side wall of the air outlet channel 7, an air outlet plate 12 is fixedly connected to the air outlet 10, an air duct connected to the air outlet 10 is provided on the air outlet plate 12, a plurality of air outlet plates 12 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of fins 1, and the air duct is connected to the ventilation channel 3; both ends of the fin 1 are plugged or welded between the air inlet plate 11 and the air outlet plate 12.

[0053] The air flows into the air inlet channel on the air inlet plate 11 through the air inlet channel 6 and the air inlet 9, then flows through the ventilation channel 3, the air duct on the air outlet plate 12, the air outlet 10 and the air outlet channel 7, and finally flows out of the battery pack.

[0054] In some optional embodiments, the size of the ventilation channel 3 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the wind.

[0055] Specifically, the ventilation channel 3 is fixed with a plurality of barriers inside, thereby dividing the ventilation channel 3 into a plurality of small channels, and the sizes of the small channels gradually decrease along the flow direction of the wind.

[0056] In some optional embodiments, the upper serpentine flow channel 4 includes two parallel first serpentine tubes 13, the lower serpentine flow channel 5 includes two parallel second serpentine tubes 14, the top of the fin 1 is sandwiched between the two first serpentine tubes 13, and the bottom of the fin 1 is sandwiched between the two second serpentine tubes 14;

[0057] A first water inlet pipe 15 and a first water outlet pipe 16 are also provided. The two ends of the first water inlet pipe 15 are respectively fixedly connected and communicated with the water inlet ends of the two first serpentine pipes 13 and the water inlet ends of the two second serpentine pipes 14. The two ends of the first water outlet pipe 16 are respectively fixedly connected and communicated with the water outlet ends of the two first serpentine pipes 13 and the water outlet ends of the two second serpentine pipes 14. A first water inlet 17 is opened in the middle of the first water inlet pipe 15, and a first water outlet 18 is opened in the middle of the first water outlet pipe 16.

[0058] The first serpentine tube 13 and the second serpentine tube 14 are connected to the fin 1 by brazing; the liquid flows into the first water inlet pipe 15 through the first water inlet 17, then flows into the two first serpentine tubes 13 and the two second serpentine tubes 14 simultaneously, then flows into the first water outlet pipe 16, and flows out through the first water outlet 18.

[0059] The two parallel first serpentine tubes 13 do not contact each other, and the two parallel second serpentine tubes 14 do not contact each other, avoiding heat transfer between the flow channels. The two parallel first serpentine tubes 13 and the two parallel second serpentine tubes 14 constitute a double-layer bidirectional parallel serpentine flow channel. Compared with the traditional unidirectional flow liquid cooling tube, the double-layer bidirectional parallel serpentine flow channel can more effectively reduce the battery temperature and reduce the temperature difference of the battery pack, ensuring that each battery cell can be fully cooled or heated to avoid the generation of hot spots.

[0060] In some optional embodiments, the battery cell 2 is wrapped with a thermally conductive adhesive layer 19, the sidewalls of the thermally conductive adhesive layer 19 are in contact with the sidewalls of the fin 1, and the first serpentine tube 13 and the second serpentine tube 14 are respectively located at the top and bottom of the thermally conductive adhesive layer 19. The bottom of the first serpentine tube 13 is in direct contact with the thermally conductive adhesive layer 19.

[0061] The battery unit 2 is composed of multiple single cylindrical batteries. The thermal conductive adhesive layer 19 wraps each single cylindrical battery in the battery unit 2. The single cylindrical battery transfers heat to the thermal conductive adhesive layer 19, which facilitates heat transfer; and the thermal conductive adhesive layer 19 is completely in contact with each fin 1, which also plays a role in fixing the battery, making the structure of the battery pack more compact; at the same time, the thermal conductive adhesive layer 19 plays a buffering role.

[0062] In some additional embodiments, a top plate 20 and a first bottom plate 21 are respectively provided on the top and bottom of multiple battery cells 2, and a first slot 22 is respectively opened on the top plate 20 and the first bottom plate 21, and the two ends of the fin 1 are respectively inserted into the first slot 22 of the top plate 20 and the first slot 22 of the first bottom plate 21; the first serpentine tube 13 is clamped between the top of the thermal conductive adhesive layer 19 and the bottom of the top plate 20, and a second bottom plate 23 is provided below the first bottom plate 21, the fin 1 passes through the first bottom plate 21 and is inserted into the second bottom plate 23, and the second serpentine tube 14 is clamped between the first bottom plate 21 and the second bottom plate 23; the bottom of the battery cell 2 contacts the top of the first bottom plate 21, and the first bottom plate 21 can transfer heat to the second serpentine tube 14.

[0063] The fin 1, top plate 20, first bottom plate 21, second bottom plate 23, back cover 37 and front cover 38 are welded to form the overall frame of the battery pack. The back cover 37 seals the battery pack and reinforces the mechanical structure of the battery pack. There are through holes on the back cover 37, which respectively cooperate with the inlet and outlet of each pipe; the front cover 38 seals the front end of the battery pack and reinforces the mechanical structure of the battery pack. The above welding coordination makes the mechanical preload of the entire battery pack structure better.

[0064] A temperature sensor T1 is provided inside the battery pack.

[0065] The present invention provides a heat and cold management system for a power battery, comprising a heating module 24 and a liquid cooling module 25. The heating module 24 is used to heat the liquid in the upper serpentine flow channel 4 and the lower serpentine flow channel 5, and the liquid cooling module 25 is used to cool the liquid in the upper serpentine flow channel 4 and the lower serpentine flow channel 5.

[0066] A first inlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module 25 is in communication with the external air, and an outlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module 25 is in communication with a plurality of ventilation channels 3 , which are also in communication with the external air.

[0067] In some optional embodiments, the cold water inlet and the cold water outlet of the heating module 24 are connected with a first pipe 26, the first pipe 26 on the cold water outlet of the heating module 24 is connected with the water inlet of the liquid cooling module 25, and the water outlet of the liquid cooling module 25 is connected with the first water inlet 17 through a second pipe 27, a water pump 28 is fixedly connected to the second pipe 27, and a first three-way valve 29 is connected between the water pump 28 and the liquid cooling module 25; the first pipe 26 on the cold water inlet of the heating module 24 is connected with a fourth pipe 31 through a second three-way valve 30, and the fourth pipe 31 is connected with the first water outlet 18;

[0068] A third pipe 32 is connected to the hot water inlet and hot water outlet of the heating module 24. The third pipe 32 on the hot water inlet of the heating module 24 is connected to the third port on the second three-way valve 30. The third pipe 32 on the hot water outlet of the heating module 24 is connected to the third port of the first three-way valve 29.

[0069] Specifically, the heating module 24 includes a multifunctional box, which is both a PTC thermistor heating box in the heating system and an insulation box in the thermal management system, and also serves as a common water tank for liquid cooling and heating; the multifunctional box is composed of an outer box layer 39, an intermediate box layer 40, and an inner box layer 41 to form an overall frame, and between the outer box layer 39 and the intermediate box layer 40 is a vacuum layer 42, and in the vacuum layer 42 there are four upper and lower load-bearing supports 43 supporting the overall structure and a limit bar 44 for fixing the position of the inner box, the four load-bearing supports 43 have vacuum inner cavity communication holes, and the limit bar 44 has vacuum inner cavity communication holes, and between the intermediate box layer 40 and the inner box layer 41 is an insulation material layer 45, and the inner box is divided into a first inner cavity 46, a second inner cavity 47 and a third inner cavity 48; the vacuum layer can avoid the transfer of heat in the inner box to a great extent, and the insulation layer uses polystyrene foam as the insulation material.

[0070] The hot water inlet and cold water inlet are both located at the bottom left side of the tank, while the hot water outlet and cold water outlet are located at the top right side of the tank. The first inner chamber 46 contains three PTC thermistors 49, the second inner chamber 47 contains five PTC thermistors 49, and the third inner chamber 48 contains two PTC thermistors 49. The PTC thermistors 49 are metal-plated, providing waterproofing and rapid heat transfer. The PTC thermistors 49 are completely immersed in the liquid in the tank, greatly improving the heating efficiency of the liquid. The three inner chambers are designed to gradually heat the circulating liquid, preventing it from mixing with the newly heated liquid and affecting the heating effect. The liquid outlet of the first inner chamber 46 is higher than the outlet of the second inner chamber 47, ensuring that the PTC thermistors 49 are completely immersed in the liquid. A vacuum valve is provided on the outer chamber layer 39, and the inner chamber contains temperature sensors T3 and T5. Temperature sensor T3 detects the temperature of the liquid inside the box, while temperature sensor T5 detects abnormal temperatures in the PTC thermistor. This box ensures that heated liquid does not exchange heat with the low-temperature external environment, nor does it exchange heat with the high-temperature external environment after cooling. After heating or cooling, the liquid stored in the insulated box can be used directly the next time it is used, significantly reducing external energy loss and improving energy efficiency.

[0071] The heating process of the PTC thermistor 49 is controlled by the BTMS controller 50. The heating process is carried out under the regulation of the BTMS controller 50. First, the temperature sensor T1 detects the temperature inside the battery pack and collects the voltage value at both ends of the temperature sensor. After passing through the amplifier, the voltage value is sent to the ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) port of the microcontroller for sampling. After the MCU samples the voltage value collected by the temperature sensor by ADC, it outputs a PWM control signal to control the operation of the PTC thermistor box, and adjusts different heating levels according to the different temperature range values ​​collected. This application divides the heating of the thermistor into three levels, which are respectively controlled by giving different current values ​​to the thermistor's working level.

[0072] The liquid cooling module 25 is connected as an individual in the thermal management system. There are temperature sensors T2 and T6 in the box. The temperature sensor T2 is used to detect the water outlet temperature to determine whether it meets the cooling requirements. The temperature sensor T6 is an anti-freezing temperature sensor to prevent the temperature in the liquid cooling box from reaching below zero degrees, causing ice to form in the liquid cooling box. An air flow channel for cooling air is also provided inside. The cooling effect of the liquid cooling module 25 is controlled by the BTMS controller 50. First, the temperature in the battery pack is detected by the temperature sensor T1, and the voltage value at both ends of the temperature sensor is collected. After passing through the amplifier, the voltage value is sent to the ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) port of the microcontroller for sampling. After the ADC samples the voltage value collected by the temperature sensor, the microcontroller outputs a PWM control signal to control the operation of the liquid cooling module 25, and adjusts different cooling effects according to the different temperature range values ​​collected. This application divides the cooling process of the liquid cooling module 25 into three levels. By changing the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the flow rate of the pump or the speed of the fan can be controlled, thereby adjusting the flow speed of the coolant and the heat exchange rate, or by using the PWM signal to control the opening degree of the electric valve, the flow path of the coolant can be controlled, thereby optimizing the cooling effect.

[0073] The BTMS controller 50 includes a power module, a temperature processing module, a drive module, a feedback module, a single-chip microcomputer module, a CAN communication module, and a safety detection module. The hardware design of the BTMS controller ensures the safe and efficient operation of the battery management system through the collaborative work of multiple modules.

[0074] In this embodiment, the hot water inlet and the cold water inlet are the same port, and the hot water outlet and the cold water outlet are the same port. When the liquid in the serpentine tube needs to be heated, the PTC thermistor 49 is started, and the liquid circulating in the entire system is a heated liquid. If heating is not required, the PTC thermistor 49 is turned off, and the liquid cooling module 25 is started, and the liquid circulating in the entire system is a low-temperature liquid.

[0075] An air inlet fan 8 is provided on the air inlet channel 6. When the natural air cooling mode is in operation, natural air is blown into the air inlet channel 6. When the cold air cooling mode needs to be started, the air inlet channel 6 is connected to the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module 25. The external air is cooled after passing through the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module 25 and then flows into the air inlet channel 6 to cool the battery pack.

[0076] In some optional embodiments, a heat exchange unit 35 is further provided. The heat exchange unit 35 is used to be placed on the heating element to absorb heat from the heating element. The liquid in the heat exchange unit 35 is connected to the third pipe 32 on the hot water outlet of the heating module 24 through a fifth pipe 33. A switch is provided on the fifth pipe 33.

[0077] The heat exchange unit 35 is also connected to an air duct 34 , one end of the air duct 34 is connected to the outside air, and the other end is connected to the second inlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module 25 .

[0078] Heat exchange unit 35 exchanges heat from major heating components, such as the vehicle's motor. When the battery pack needs to be heated, the heat from the heating components heats the liquid flowing through heat exchange unit 35, working together with heating module 24 to achieve joint heating of the liquid. Heat exchange unit 35 recycles the heat from the heating components, improving heat utilization. Heat exchange unit 35 also has an air flow channel. External air passes through the air flow channel of heat exchange unit 35 to heat the air. At this time, liquid cooling module 25 is closed, and the heated air passes through the air channel of liquid cooling module 25 and enters air inlet channel 6, achieving hot air blowing.

[0079] When the temperature of the heated liquid in the heat exchange unit 35 is high, it is directly passed into the third pipe 32 of the hot water outlet of the heating module 24. When the temperature is low, it is passed into the third pipe 32 of the hot water inlet of the heating module 24, thereby entering the heating module 24 for secondary heating.

[0080] The first three-way valve 29 and the second three-way valve 30 are valves that change the direction of liquid flow and are both controlled by the BTMS controller. When the system is in a cooling state, the first three-way valve 29 connects the water pump 28 and the liquid cooling module 25, and the second three-way valve 30 connects the cold water inlet of the heating module 24 and the fourth pipe 31, forming a complete liquid cooling circuit with the serpentine pipe in the battery pack. When the system is in a heating state, the first three-way valve 29 connects the pipeline water pump 28 and the hot water outlet of the heating module 24, and the first three-way valve 29 connects the hot water inlet of the heating module 24 and the fourth pipe 31, forming a complete liquid cooling circuit with the serpentine pipe in the battery pack. During heating, the heat exchange unit 35 is simultaneously connected to the third pipe 32 on the heating module 24 to transfer the heat collected by the heat exchange unit 35 to the serpentine pipe of the battery pack to heat the battery pack.

[0081] The present invention also provides a control method for a cold and heat management system, wherein when a battery pack needs to dissipate heat, the temperature of the battery pack is set to a first temperature stage, a second temperature stage, and a third temperature stage, and the temperatures in the first temperature stage, the second temperature stage, and the third temperature stage increase in sequence;

[0082] When the battery pack is in the first temperature stage, external natural wind is introduced into the ventilation channel 3;

[0083] When the battery pack is in the second temperature stage, the liquid cooling module 25 is turned on to cool the liquid in the upper serpentine flow channel 4 and the lower serpentine flow channel 5, while external natural wind is introduced into the ventilation channel 3;

[0084] When the battery pack is in the third temperature stage, the liquid cooling module 25 is turned on to cool the liquid in the upper serpentine flow channel 4 and the lower serpentine flow channel 5. At the same time, the outlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module is connected to the multiple ventilation channels 3. External natural wind passes through the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module 25 and enters the ventilation channels 3.

[0085] When the battery pack needs to be heated, the temperature of the battery pack is in the fourth temperature stage and the fifth temperature stage, and the temperature in the fourth temperature stage is greater than the temperature in the fifth temperature stage;

[0086] When the battery pack is in the fourth temperature stage, the heat exchange unit 35 is turned on to heat the liquid in the upper serpentine flow channel 4 and the lower serpentine flow channel 5, and at the same time, the hot air is sent into the ventilation channel 3 through the air duct 34;

[0087] When the battery pack is in the fifth temperature stage, the heat exchange unit 35 is turned on and the heating module 24 is turned on. The heat exchange unit 35 and the heating module 24 are used to heat the liquid in the upper serpentine flow channel 4 and the lower serpentine flow channel 5, and the hot air is sent into the ventilation channel 3 through the air duct 34.

[0088] Specifically, when the battery pack needs to be heated, the working procedure is as follows:

[0089] When the temperature is between 15°C and T1 and 20°C, the heat exchange unit 35 is turned on to heat the battery pack using the heat generated by the motor of the vehicle during operation.

[0090] When the temperature T1 is less than 15°C, the single chip microcomputer outputs a PWM control signal, and the heating module 24 is started synchronously, so that the PTC thermistor in the heating module 24 starts to work and turns on the first gear. After heating the liquid, the high-temperature liquid flows through the serpentine pipe in the battery pack to heat the battery pack;

[0091] When the temperature is 10℃<T4<15℃, the PTC thermistor increases the current and opens the second gear;

[0092] When the temperature T4 is less than 10℃, the PTC thermistor increases the current and opens the third gear.

[0093] As the opening level of the heating module 24 increases, the heating effect gradually increases.

[0094] When the battery pack needs to be cooled, the working procedure is as follows:

[0095] When 20℃<T1<25℃, the air cooling mode is simply activated for cooling, and the air is sent into the air inlet channel 6 through the air inlet fan 8;

[0096] When the temperature range is 25°C < T4 < 30°C, the air cooling mode starts and the liquid cooling module 25 starts, and the cooling effect of the liquid cooling module 25 starts at the first gear;

[0097] When the temperature range is 30°C < T4 < 40°C, the cooling effect of the liquid cooling module 25 is set to the second gear.

[0098] When the temperature range value is T4>40℃, the cooling effect of the liquid cooling module 25 is turned on to the third gear, and the outside air is connected to the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module 25 for cooling treatment. The cooled air is passed into the air inlet channel 6 to cool the side of the battery pack.

[0099] The cooling effect of the liquid cooling module 25 is improved as the number of opening gears increases.

[0100] The BTMS controller includes a power module, which converts the vehicle's high-voltage system into a low-voltage DC power source, providing stable power to other modules. This module utilizes a high-efficiency step-down converter to ensure stable output voltage under varying loads and features overcurrent and overvoltage protection to ensure overall system safety. A temperature processing module monitors the battery pack temperature, the water inlet and outlet temperatures, and the liquid cooler temperature in real time. A PTC thermistor heats the cooler interior. To prevent abnormal cooling due to low compressor temperatures, which could lead to pipe freezing, an anti-freeze temperature sensor T6 has been added. This module collects temperature data using a high-precision temperature sensor and transmits the information to the microcontroller for analysis and processing, ensuring system operation within a safe temperature range. A driver module generates PWM control signals for adjusting the speed of the electronic fan and water pump. By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal, precise speed control is achieved to meet heat dissipation and cooling requirements under varying operating conditions, improving system energy efficiency. A feedback module collects fault feedback signals from the electronic fan and water pump, as well as the status of the three-state pressure switch. This information is fed back to the microcontroller in real time to monitor and diagnose system operating conditions, ensuring timely action in the event of a fault. The microcontroller module is the core of the entire control system, responsible for analyzing and processing information from various modules. Using internal algorithms, the microcontroller controls the operating status of each module in real time and makes necessary decisions to optimize overall system performance. The CAN communication module is used to exchange information between the liquid cooler compressor and the PTC thermistor heater. This module controls the compressor speed and the heating power of the PTC heater, and also reads fault information to ensure efficient system operation. The safety detection module issues an alarm when temperatures exceed safe ranges or when a system fault occurs. The safety detection module includes an alarm unit and an automatic power-off unit. The alarm issues a warning when an abnormality is detected, prompting the user to inspect the equipment. The automatic power-off unit automatically disconnects the battery system from power in the event of a serious abnormality, preventing accidents. This unit relies on the CAN communication module. The BTMS controller's hardware design utilizes multiple modules working together, interconnected through circuitry, to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the battery management system. Each module is carefully designed to meet the needs of actual applications and improve the service life and performance of the battery system.

[0101] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0102] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature control structure for a power battery, characterized in that: include: A plurality of fins (1), the fins (1) being used to be arranged on a battery, the battery comprising a plurality of battery cells (2) arranged side by side, the plurality of fins (1) and the plurality of battery cells (2) being arranged at intervals, the battery cells (2) being sandwiched between two adjacent fins (1), and a ventilation channel (3) being provided on the fins (1); A double-layer serpentine flow channel, the double-layer serpentine flow channel comprising an upper serpentine flow channel (4) and a lower serpentine flow channel (5), the upper serpentine flow channel (4) being close to the tops of the plurality of battery cells (2), and the lower serpentine flow channel (5) being close to the bottoms of the plurality of battery cells (2); The upper serpentine flow channel (4) includes two parallel first serpentine tubes (13), the lower serpentine flow channel (5) includes two parallel second serpentine tubes (14), the top of the fin (1) is sandwiched between the two first serpentine tubes (13), and the bottom of the fin (1) is sandwiched between the two second serpentine tubes (14); A first water inlet pipe (15) and a first water outlet pipe (16) are also provided. The two ends of the first water inlet pipe (15) are respectively fixedly connected to and communicated with the water inlet ends of the two first serpentine pipes (13) and the water inlet ends of the two second serpentine pipes (14). The two ends of the first water outlet pipe (16) are respectively fixedly connected to and communicated with the water outlet ends of the two first serpentine pipes (13) and the water outlet ends of the two second serpentine pipes (14). A first water inlet (17) is provided in the middle of the first water inlet pipe (15), and a first water outlet (18) is provided in the middle of the first water outlet pipe (16).

2. The temperature control structure of the power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air inlet channel (6) and an air outlet channel (7) are respectively provided on opposite sides of the plurality of fins (1); both sides of the ventilation channel (3) are respectively connected to the air inlet channel (6) and the air outlet channel (7); and a plurality of air inlet fans (8) are fixedly connected to the air inlet of the air inlet channel (6); The plurality of ventilation channels (3) are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the incoming air in the air inlet channel (6), and the size of the air inlet channel (6) gradually decreases along the flow direction of the incoming air; the plurality of ventilation channels (3) are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the outgoing air in the air outlet channel (7), and the size of the air outlet channel (7) gradually increases along the flow direction of the outgoing air.

3. The temperature control structure of the power battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side wall of the air inlet channel (6) is provided with a plurality of air inlets (9), and the side wall of the air outlet channel (7) is provided with a plurality of air outlets (10). The two ends of the ventilation channel (3) on the fin (1) are respectively connected to the air inlet (9) and the air outlet (10), and the air inlet end of the air inlet (9) and the air outlet end of the air outlet (10) are respectively provided with expansion grooves.

4. The temperature control structure of the power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the ventilation channel (3) gradually decreases along the flow direction of the wind.

5. The temperature control structure of the power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery unit (2) is wrapped with a heat-conducting adhesive layer (19), the side wall of the heat-conducting adhesive layer (19) is in contact with the side wall of the fin (1), and the first serpentine tube (13) and the second serpentine tube (14) are respectively located at the top and bottom of the heat-conducting adhesive layer (19).

6. A thermal management system for a power battery, according to the temperature control structure for a power battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The invention comprises a heating module (24) and a liquid cooling module (25), wherein the heating module (24) is used to heat the liquid in the upper serpentine flow channel (4) and the lower serpentine flow channel (5), and the liquid cooling module (25) is used to cool the liquid in the upper serpentine flow channel (4) and the lower serpentine flow channel (5); The first inlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module (25) is in communication with the external air, the outlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module (25) is in communication with the plurality of ventilation channels (3), and the ventilation channels (3) are also in communication with the external air.

7. The thermal management system for a power battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cold water inlet and the cold water outlet of the heating module (24) are connected with a first pipe (26), the first pipe (26) on the cold water outlet of the heating module (24) is connected with the water inlet of the liquid cooling module (25), the outlet of the liquid cooling module (25) is connected with the water inlet ends of the upper serpentine flow channel (4) and the lower serpentine flow channel (5) through a second pipe (27), a water pump (28) is fixedly connected to the second pipe (27), and a first three-way valve (29) is connected between the water pump (28) and the liquid cooling module (25); the first pipe (26) on the cold water inlet of the heating module (24) is connected with a fourth pipe (31) through a second three-way valve (30), and the fourth pipe (31) is connected with the water outlet ends of the upper serpentine flow channel (4) and the lower serpentine flow channel (5); The hot water inlet and the hot water outlet of the heating module (24) are connected with a third pipe (32); the third pipe (32) on the hot water inlet of the heating module (24) is connected with the third port on the second three-way valve (30); and the third pipe (32) on the hot water outlet of the heating module (24) is connected with the third port of the first three-way valve (29).

8. The thermal management system for a power battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: A heat exchange unit is also provided, the heat exchange unit being used to be placed on the heating element so as to absorb the heat of the heating element, the liquid in the heat exchange unit being connected to the third pipe (32) on the hot water outlet of the heating module (24) through a fifth pipe (33), and a switch is provided on the fifth pipe (33); The heat exchange unit is also connected to an air duct (34), one end of the air duct (34) is connected to the outside air, and the other end is connected to the second inlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module (25).

9. A method for controlling a thermal management system, according to the thermal management system of a power battery according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the battery pack is set to need heat dissipation, the temperature of the battery pack is in the first temperature stage, the second temperature stage, and the third temperature stage, and the temperatures in the first temperature stage, the second temperature stage, and the third temperature stage increase in sequence; When the battery pack is in the first temperature stage, external natural wind is introduced into the ventilation channel (3); When the battery pack is in the second temperature stage, the liquid cooling module (25) is turned on, and external natural wind is introduced into the ventilation channel (3); When the battery pack is in the third temperature stage, the liquid cooling module (25) is turned on, and at the same time, the outlet of the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module (25) is connected to the plurality of ventilation channels (3), and external natural wind passes through the air cooling channel in the liquid cooling module (25) and enters the ventilation channel (3); When the battery pack needs to be heated, the temperature of the battery pack is in the fourth temperature stage and the fifth temperature stage, and the temperature in the fourth temperature stage is greater than the temperature in the fifth temperature stage; When the battery pack is in the fourth temperature stage, the heat exchange unit is turned on; When the battery pack is in the fifth temperature stage, the heat exchange unit is turned on and the heating module (24) is turned on.

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