Progressive timing adjustment for air-to-ground UEs

Abstract

A user equipment (UE) configured to: determine a maximum autonomous time adjustment step (Tq) for UE progressive transmission timing adjustment; determining a minimum total adjustment rate (Tp) for UE progressive transmission timing adjustments; and adjusting UE transmission timing based at least on the Tq and the Tp such that the UE transmission timing does not exceed a predefined UE transmission timing error.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to progressive timing adjustment for air-to-ground UEs. Background Art

[0002] Existing air-to-ground (ATG) network deployments require multiple improvements, including improved performance when operating at high flight speeds in very large cell coverage areas, improved coexistence between ATG networks and terrestrial networks, and improved performance of ATG base stations (BSs) and user equipment (UEs). Summary of the invention

[0003] Some exemplary embodiments relate to a processor of a user equipment (UE), the processor being configured to: determine a maximum autonomous time adjustment step size (T q ); Determine the minimum aggregate adjustment rate (T p ); and at least based on T q and T p To adjust the UE transmission timing so that the UE transmission timing does not exceed the predefined UE transmission timing error.

[0004] Other exemplary embodiments relate to a user equipment (UE) having a transceiver configured to communicate with a network and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver, and the processor is configured to: determine a maximum autonomous time adjustment step size (Tmax) for UE progressive transmission timing adjustment; q ); Determine the minimum aggregate adjustment rate (T p ); and at least based on T q and T p To adjust the UE transmission timing so that the UE transmission timing does not exceed the predefined UE transmission timing error. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] Figure 1 Exemplary network arrangements are shown according to various exemplary embodiments.

[0006] Figure 2 An exemplary UE according to various exemplary embodiments is shown.

[0007] Figure 3 An exemplary base station according to various exemplary embodiments is shown.

[0008] Figure 4 Exemplary methods for incremental timing adjustment logic are shown in accordance with various exemplary embodiments.

[0009] Figure 5An exemplary diagram for absolute timing adjustment logic is shown according to various exemplary embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] These exemplary embodiments may be further understood with reference to the following description and related drawings, wherein like elements are provided with like reference numerals. These exemplary embodiments relate to redesigning UE autonomous timing adjustment in ATG operation, which will be described in more detail below. Specifically, these exemplary embodiments describe progressive timing adjustment and absolute transmission timing conditions.

[0011] These exemplary embodiments are described with respect to ATG UE. In these exemplary embodiments, the ATG UE will be described to be installed on an aircraft. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the ATG UE installed in an aircraft can be used for many different purposes. For example, in addition to normal air traffic control (ATC) channels, the ATG UE can be used as an alternative way to communicate with the aircraft. In another example, the ATG UE can act as a relay for the UE on the aircraft, so passengers can use their UE in flight. However, reference to the ATG UE and the installation on the aircraft is provided only for illustrative purposes. The exemplary embodiments can be used together with any electronic component that can establish a connection with a network and is configured with hardware, software and / or firmware for exchanging information and data with the network. Therefore, the ATG UE described herein is used to represent any electronic component.

[0012] The exemplary embodiments are also described with reference to 5G New Radio (NR) networks. However, it should be understood that these exemplary embodiments may also be implemented in other types of networks, including but not limited to legacy networks or future evolutions of cellular protocols capable of performing ATG operations (e.g., 6G networks).

[0013] An ATG UE can be configured to correct transmission timing errors between the UE and a cell (e.g., gNB). Large cell coverage (up to 300 km) and flight speeds (up to 1200 km / h) require the UE to adjust signaling timing to account for the propagation speed (c) of radio transmissions. Due to the considerable distances and speeds inherent in ATG operation, ATG systems require larger error corrections than terrestrial networks. The coexistence of ATG networks and terrestrial networks requires improvements in UE timing performance in ATG operation.

[0014] As described above, these exemplary embodiments are described with reference to the redesign of ATG UE operation for gradual timing adjustment and absolute transmission timing conditions. With respect to gradual timing adjustment, the maximum autonomous time adjustment step size (T q ) and the minimum total adjustment rate (T p) should take high UE mobility into account. q can be understood as the magnitude of the timing adjustment; and T p can be understood as the rate at which the magnitude of the timing adjustment is adjusted (e.g., changing T q rate).

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the location awareness of the ATG UE may also be considered. When the ATG UE supports the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and / or the ATG UE knows the location of base stations along the flight path, the ATG UE may use the existing T q / T p Operation, but the timing change can be updated periodically or by the occurrence of a trigger event. When the UE does not support GNSS or does not know the base station location, the moving speed and distance of the ATG UE can be used to determine T p / T q These exemplary embodiments are described in more detail below.

[0016] Regarding the absolute transmission timing conditions, the availability of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) can be redesigned in an exemplary embodiment. For example, the timing chip granularity can be defined as:

[0017] 1 / (Δf / N f ),

[0018] Where Δf represents the subcarrier spacing (SCS) size, and N f Represents the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) size. The timing chip granularity can be understood as the resolution for SSB detection.

[0019] The UE requires that SSB detection occur during the last 160ms before the initial ATG UE transmission. The initial transmission may be understood as the first transmission in a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle for the following: physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and sounding reference signal (SRS), physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission, msgA transmission, the first transmission sent on the primary cell and secondary cell (PSCell) to activate a deactivated secondary cell group (SCG) without a random access channel (RACH). The initial transmission may also be understood as a transmission of PUSCH on a cell group (CG) resource for small data transmission (SDT) when the UE 110 is in RRC_inactive mode.

[0020] This may cause problems for UEs moving at high speeds (e.g., 1200 km / h). In an exemplary scenario, a UE moving at 1200 km / h experiences a timing drift of 0.16 s. Due to the combination of high UE mobility and insufficient granularity of timing resolution, the UE may exceed the timing error limit. Exceeding the timing error limit will negatively impact the user experience. Therefore, the exemplary embodiment also redesigns the availability of SSBs to meet the requirement of SSB detection within this last 160 ms.

[0021] Figure 1 An exemplary network arrangement 100 according to various exemplary embodiments is shown. The exemplary network arrangement 100 includes an ATG UE 110. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the UE 110 may be any type of electronic component configured to communicate via a network, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, a smart phone, a tablet phone, an embedded device, a wearable device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc. As described above, these exemplary embodiments are described with reference to the ATG UE 110 installed in an aircraft. It should also be understood that an actual network arrangement may include any number of UEs used by any number of users. Therefore, the example of a single UE 110 is provided for illustrative purposes only.

[0022] UE 110 may be configured to communicate with one or more networks. In the example of network configuration 100, the network with which UE 110 may wirelessly communicate is a 5G NR radio access network (RAN) 120. However, it should be understood that UE 110 may also communicate with other types of networks (e.g., LTE-RAN, wireless local area network (WLAN), 5G cloud RAN, next generation RAN (NG-RAN), traditional cellular network, etc.), and UE 110 may also communicate with the network via a wired connection. Referring to the exemplary embodiment, UE 110 may establish a connection with 5G NR RAN 120. Therefore, UE 110 may have a 5G NR chipset to communicate with NR RAN 120. UE 110 may also have other chipsets for communicating with other types of RANs, such as LTE chipsets, ISM chipsets, etc.

[0023] The 5G NR RAN 120 may be part of a cellular network that may be deployed by a network operator (e.g., Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, etc.). The 5G NR RAN 120 may include a cell or base station configured to transmit and receive traffic from a UE equipped with an appropriate cellular chipset. In this example, the 5G NR RAN 120 includes a gNB 120A. However, reference to a gNB is provided for illustrative purposes only, and any appropriate base station or cell (e.g., Node B, eNodeB, HeNB, eNB, gNB, gNodeB, macro cell, micro cell, small cell, femto cell, etc.) may be deployed.

[0024] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any relevant process may be performed for UE 110 to connect to 5G NR RAN 120. For example, as described above, 5G NR RAN 120 may be associated with a particular network operator at which UE 110 and / or its user has protocol and credential information (e.g., stored on a SIM card). Upon detecting the presence of 5G NR RAN 120, UE 110 may send corresponding credential information in order to associate with 5G NR RAN 120. More specifically, UE 110 may be associated with a particular cell (e.g., gNB 120A).

[0025] The network arrangement 100 also includes a cellular core network 130, the Internet 140, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) 150, and a network service backbone 160. The cellular core network 130 manages traffic flowing between the cellular network and the Internet 140. The IMS 150 can be generally described as an architecture for delivering multimedia services to the UE 110 using IP protocols. The IMS 150 can communicate with the cellular core network 130 and the Internet 140 to provide multimedia services to the UE 110. The network service backbone 160 communicates directly or indirectly with the Internet 140 and the cellular core network 130. The network service backbone 160 can be generally described as a collection of components (e.g., servers, network storage arrangements, etc.) that implement a set of services that can be used to extend the functionality of the UE 110 to communicate with various networks.

[0026] Figure 2 An exemplary ATG UE 110 is shown according to various exemplary embodiments. Figure 1The ATG UE 110 is described with reference to the network arrangement 100 of FIG. The ATG UE 110 may represent any electronic device and may include a processor 205, a memory arrangement 210, a display device 215, an input / output (I / O) device 220, a transceiver 225, and other components 230. The other components 230 may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a battery providing a limited power source, a data acquisition device, a port for electrically connecting the ATG UE 110 to other electronic devices, a sensor for detecting the status of the ATG UE 110, and the like.

[0027] The processor 205 may be configured to execute multiple engines of the ATG UE 110. For example, the engines may include a timing adjustment engine 235 for performing operations including determining incremental time adjustments and absolute time adjustments of UE timing to account for the moving speed of the ATG UE 110. These operations will be described in more detail below.

[0028] The above-described engine as an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor 205 is merely exemplary. The functionality associated with the engine may also be represented as a separate combined component of the ATG UE 110, or may be a modular component coupled to the ATG UE 110, such as an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include an input circuit for receiving a signal and a processing circuit for processing the signal and other information. The engine may also be embodied as one application or multiple separate applications. In addition, in some ATG UEs, the functionality described for the processor 205 is split between two or more processors (such as a baseband processor and an application processor). The exemplary embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of the ATG UE.

[0029] The memory arrangement 210 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the UE 110. The display device 215 may be a hardware component configured to display data to a user, and the I / O device 220 may be a hardware component that enables a user to enter input. The display device 215 and the I / O device 220 may be separate components or may be integrated together (such as a touch screen). The transceiver 225 may be a hardware component configured to establish a connection with the 5G-NR RAN 120, the LTE RAN 122, etc. Thus, the transceiver 225 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., a set of continuous frequencies). For example, when configured, for example, NR-U, the transceiver 225 may operate on an unlicensed spectrum.

[0030] Figure 3An exemplary base station 300 is shown in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. Base station 300 may represent a gNB 120A or any other access node that a UE 110 may use to establish a connection and manage network operations.

[0031] The base station 300 may include a processor 305, a memory arrangement 310, an input / output (I / O) device 320, a transceiver 325, and other components 330. These other components 330 may include, for example, an audio input device, an audio output device, a battery, a data acquisition device, ports for electrically connecting the base station 300 to other electronic devices and / or a power source, and the like.

[0032] The processor 305 may be configured to execute multiple engines of the base station 300. For example, these engines may include a timing adjustment engine 335, which may perform operations related to configuring SSB transmission based on the moving speed of the ATG UE. These operations will be described in more detail below.

[0033] The engine 335 described above as an application (e.g., a program) executed by the processor 305 is merely exemplary. The functionality associated with the engine 335 may also be represented as a separate integrated component of the base station 300, or may be a modular component coupled to the base station 300, such as an integrated circuit with or without firmware. For example, the integrated circuit may include input circuits for receiving signals and processing circuits for processing signals and other information. In addition, in some base stations, the functionality described for the processor 305 is split between multiple processors (e.g., baseband processors, application processors, etc.). The exemplary embodiments may be implemented in any of these or other configurations of the base station.

[0034] The memory 310 may be a hardware component configured to store data related to operations performed by the base station 300. The I / O device 320 may be a hardware component or port that enables a user to interact with the base station 300. The transceiver 325 may be a hardware component configured to exchange data with the UE 110 and with any other UE in the network arrangement 100. The transceiver 325 may operate on a variety of different frequencies or channels (e.g., a continuous set of frequencies). Thus, the transceiver 325 may include one or more components (e.g., a radio component) to enable data exchange with various networks and UEs.

[0035] Figure 4 An exemplary method 400 for progressive timing adjustment logic according to various exemplary embodiments is shown. q and T pPrior to the redesign of the ATG UE, a progressive timing adjustment logic will be described. The progressive timing adjustment logic can be used to determine when to apply the updated progressive timing adjustment and when to apply the traditional progressive timing adjustment based on the capabilities of the ATG UE and / or the conditions the ATG UE is experiencing. As will be described in more detail below, in some instances, the updated progressive timing adjustment can be applied without considering the capabilities and / or conditions.

[0036] In 405, it is determined whether the ATG UE 110 supports GNSS capability and whether the ATG UE 110 knows the location of the base station of the ATG system. If these two conditions are met, then in 440, the ATG UE 110 can use the traditional T q / T p The timing is not designed, but may be updated periodically or event-triggered due to a change in the location of the ATG UE 110. This update will be described in more detail below.

[0037] If the condition of 405 is not met, then in 410, it is determined whether the ATG UE 110 is in flight mode, for example, moving at a high rate of speed. If the ATG UE 110 is not in flight mode, for example, the ATG UE 110 is on the ground, then in 420, a conventional T q / T p design, since the ATG UE 110 is operating similarly to a standard terrestrial UE.

[0038] However, if the ATG UE 110 is in flight mode, then in 430 the ATG UE 110 will determine the clock drift and moving speed of the ATG UE 110. In 435, the ATG UE 110 will use these values ​​to update T q / T p Design. This update is described in more detail below.

[0039] It should be understood that the logic described above is merely exemplary, and the ATG UE 110 may implement the conventional and / or updated T q / T p For example, operations 430 and 435 may be performed regardless of whether the ATG UE 110 is in flight mode or on the ground. The logic of method 400 is only one example of logic that may be implemented.

[0040] Return to the specific T q / T pDesign update, the first scenario that can be considered is operations 430 and 435. As shown in method 400, this scenario can be applicable when ATG UE 110 does not support GNSS capabilities or ATG UE 110 does not include knowledge of base station locations. In addition, as described above, operations 430 and 435 can be used regardless of whether ATG UE 110 is operating in flight mode or is currently on the ground.

[0041] In this scenario, T p / T q The clock drift rate may be determined based on the clock drift rate and the moving speed of the ATG UE 110, since these values ​​are determined in 430. The clock drift rate is a value defined for the hardware (e.g., processor) of the ATG UE 110. In this example, the defined clock drift rate may be considered to be 0.1 PPM (parts per million). Therefore, for a given time period (X) (e.g., X=200 ms=0.2 s), the clock drift rate may be determined by X*clock drift rate, which in this example is: 0.2 s*0.1 PPM=0.02 μs.

[0042] The moving speed of the ATG UE 110 may be accounted for using the formula (moving speed*Xms) / c, where c is the speed of light (3e8 m / s). To provide an example, if the moving speed of the ATG UE 110 is 1200 km / h (or 333.33 m / s) and the same X=0.2s is used, the value associated with the moving speed would be 333.33 m / s*0.2s / 3e*m / s=0.22 μs. The contributions of the clock drift and the moving speed may be added to produce 0.02 μs (clock drift)+0.22 μs (moving speed)=0.24 μs.

[0043] The complete formula considering the clock drift and movement speed for a given time window (Xms) can be expressed as follows:

[0044] Xms*clock drift rate+(moving speed*Xms) / c.

[0045] Once this value is known, it can be compared to the basic time unit used in cellular timing operations. In this example, the basic time unit is called T s In the 5G NR system, T s = 32.552ns, as defined in the 3GPP specification. However, in other radio access technologies, T s The value of can be different. Therefore, an example of 0.24 μs calculated to account for this clock drift and the speed of movement is 7.37*T s . Therefore, in 435, T p / T qIn this hypothetical example, it should be designed to be no less than 7.37T s .

[0046] It should be understood that the above calculations are exemplary only, and actual scenarios may have different values ​​for various parameters to account for clock drift and mobile speed of the ATG UE 110. In addition, it should be understood that the above calculations use certain rounding errors and significant digits in the calculations, and other rounding errors and significant digits may result in slightly different values.

[0047] Furthermore, the above examples do not provide any specific p / T q It should be understood that the updated T p / T q The design defines any values ​​as long as they satisfy the calculated values, for example, in this example, T p / T q Should be no less than 7.37T s .

[0048] In the first variation of the first scenario, T p / T q The design may include an adaptive step based on the real-time speed of the ATG UE 110, for example, the ATG UE 110 may calculate its real-time speed at any given moment and use the real-time speed in the above calculations. p / T q The design may include a fixed step size based on the maximum speed or average speed of the ATG UE 110. For example, in the above exemplary calculations, it may be assumed that 1200 km / hr is the maximum speed of the ATG UE 110 and this value is used in the calculations as a worst-case scenario. p / T q The design may include relaxation values ​​predefined in a standard (eg, 3GPP specification).

[0049] In the second scenario, it may be considered that the ATG UE 110 does not support GNSS capabilities or that the ATG UE 110 does not include knowledge of base station locations. p / T q The design may be based on whether the ATG UE 110 is in flight mode or on the ground.

[0050] When the ATG UE 110 is in the flight mode, the ATG UE 110 may use the T p / T qDesign, such as operations associated with 430 and 435 of method 400. On the other hand, if the ATG UE 110 is on the ground (not in flight mode), the ATG UE 110 may use conventional T for terrestrial UEs. p / T q By design, the ATG operation should not affect this adjustment. This operation is shown in 420 of method 400.

[0051] In the third scenario, the ATG UE 110 may support GNSS and know (or be provided with) the base station location, for example, satisfying the conditions of 405. Therefore, in 440, the ATG UE 110 may use the conventional T q / T p The timing may be updated periodically or event-triggered due to a change in the location of the ATG UE 110. For example, since the ATG UE 110 knows its own location and the location of the base station transmitting the SSB, the ATG UE 110 will know whether it is moving closer or farther away from the base station. p / T q Adjust the period T defined in the traditional behavior p / T q In addition to the adjustment, the ATG UE 110 may perform additional gradual timing adjustments based on the change in distance between the ATG UE 110 and the base station.

[0052] This additional gradual timing adjustment may be performed periodically (eg, at predetermined time intervals) or upon an event (eg, when the ATG UE 110 updates its GNSS position, when the network triggers the ATG UE 110 to perform an update, etc.).

[0053] Figure 5 An exemplary method 500 for absolute timing adjustment logic according to various exemplary embodiments is shown. As described above, the exemplary embodiments also provide for modification of the absolute transmission timing of a UE in ATG operation. The ATG UE 110 will perform time tracking on at least one SSB during the last Y ms before the initial Tx transmission. The determination of Y will be described in more detail below.

[0054] As described above, the initial transmission may be understood as the first transmission in the following discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle: physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and sounding reference signal (SRS), physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission, msgA transmission, the first transmission sent on the primary cell and secondary cell (PSCell) for activating a deactivated secondary cell group (SCG) without a random access channel (RACH). The initial transmission may also be a transmission of PUSCH on a cell group (CG) resource for small data transmission (SDT) when UE 110 is in RRC_inactive mode.

[0055] In 505, the time window (Y) is determined based on the moving speed (S) of the ATG UE 110. The formula for determining Y is (Y*S) / c≤T, where c is the speed of light, and T is based on the traditional T e The threshold of the required ATG transmission (tx) timing margin. Those skilled in the art will understand that T e is the timing error limit defined by the specification.

[0056] In an example application of the above equation, if S = 1200 km / h (or 333.33 m / s), then for SSB with SCS = 15 kHz, Y*(333.33 m / s / 3e8 m / s) ≤ 4T s As mentioned above, T s is the basic timing value, and 4T s Based on the traditional T e Required defined value for SCS. The equation simplifies to Y*11.1μs≤0.130μs=Y≤117ms. Therefore, in this example, Y must be less than 117ms. Therefore, the SSB periodicity should be selected so that the SSB is transmitted in the last (Y=117ms) before the initial transmission of the ATG UE 110. In an exemplary embodiment, it can be considered that the lower SSB periodicity closest to 117ms is 80ms. This stepping up to the closest SSB periodicity ensures that the ATG UE 110 will not miss any part of the SSB burst due to timing window errors.

[0057] In 510, the ATG UE 110 may determine an absolute transmission timing adjustment reference point. The reference point required for UE initial transmission timing control may be the downlink timing of the reference cell minus one of two variations.

[0058] In a first variation, if the ATG UE 110 does not support GNSS or does not know the location of the base station, the reference point may be the downlink timing of the reference cell minus ((Nta+Nta_offset)*T c ). The values ​​of each of these parameters are defined in 3GPP TS 38.133.

[0059] In a second variant, if the UE is capable of supporting GNSS or knows the base station location, the reference point can be the downlink timing of the reference cell minus ((Nta+Nta_extra_Nta_offset)*T c ). Nta)extra is a TA value (D*2 / c) calculated based on the distance D between UE 110 and the base station.

[0060] In a second option of the second aspect of the exemplary embodiment, a network side solution for absolute transmission timing is proposed.The network may specify that the SSB periodicity should be no greater than a predefined value.

[0061] In 515, the ATG UE 110 may perform time tracking based on the determined value.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the exemplary embodiments described above may be implemented with any suitable software configuration or hardware configuration or combination thereof. Exemplary hardware platforms for implementing the exemplary embodiments may include, for example, Intel x86-based platforms with compatible operating systems, Windows OS, Mac platforms and MAC OS, mobile devices with operating systems such as iOS, Android, etc. In other examples, the exemplary embodiments of the above methods may be embodied as a program including lines of code stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which, when compiled, may be executed on a processor or microprocessor.

[0063] Although this patent application describes various combinations of various aspects, each with different features, those skilled in the art will understand that any feature of one aspect may be combined with features of other aspects or features that are not functionally or logically inconsistent with the operation or function of the device of the aspects disclosed in the present invention in any manner not publicly denied.

[0064] It is understood that the use of personally identifiable information should be subject to privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized to meet or exceed industry or government requirements for maintaining user privacy. Specifically, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of the authorized use should be clearly stated to users.

[0065] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is intended to cover modifications and variations of the present disclosure, provided that these modifications and variations are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A processor of a user equipment (UE), the processor being configured to: Determine the maximum autonomous time adjustment step size (T q ); Determine a minimum aggregate adjustment rate (T) for progressive transmission timing adjustment of the UE p );as well as At least based on the T q and the T p To adjust the UE transmission timing so that the UE transmission timing does not exceed a predefined UE transmission timing error.

2. The processor of claim 1, wherein the UE is an air-to-ground (ATG) UE.

3. The processor according to claim 1, wherein the T q and the T p The UE ID is determined based on at least a clock drift rate of the UE and a moving speed of the UE. The processor of claim 3 , wherein the moving speed comprises a real-time speed measured by the UE. The processor of claim 3 , wherein the moving speed comprises an average speed of the UE or a maximum speed of the UE.

6. The processor according to claim 1, wherein the T q and the T p is based on applying a predefined relaxation value to the T q and the T p is determined by the previously defined value.

7. The processor of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to: It is determined that the UE is in an airplane mode.

8. The processor according to claim 7, wherein: When the UE is in flight mode, the T q and the T p The UE ID is determined based on at least a clock drift rate of the UE and a moving speed of the UE.

9. The processor according to claim 7, wherein: When the UE is not in flight mode, the T q and the T p is based on the T q and the T p is determined by the traditional value of 10. The processor of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to: determining a location of the UE; and determining the location of a base station to which the UE will transmit a signal, Wherein T q and the T p The location of the UE is determined based on at least the location of the UE and the location of the base station.

11. The processor according to claim 10, wherein the T q and the T p It is determined at a predefined periodicity or when an event occurs.

12. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: a transceiver configured to communicate with a network; as well as a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to: Determine the maximum autonomous time adjustment step size (T q ); Determine a minimum aggregate adjustment rate (T) for progressive transmission timing adjustment of the UE p ); as well as At least based on the T q and the T p To adjust the UE transmission timing so that the UE transmission timing does not exceed a predefined UE transmission timing error.

13. The UE according to claim 12, wherein the T q and the T p The UE ID is determined based on at least a clock drift rate of the UE and a moving speed of the UE. The UE according to claim 13 , wherein the moving speed comprises a real-time speed measured by the UE. The UE according to claim 13 , wherein the moving speed comprises an average speed of the UE or a maximum speed of the UE.

16. The UE according to claim 12, wherein the T q and the T p is based on applying a predefined relaxation value to the T q and the T p is determined by the previously defined value.

17. The UE according to claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to: It is determined that the UE is in an airplane mode.

18. The UE according to claim 17, wherein: When the UE is in flight mode, the T q and the T p The UE ID is determined based on at least a clock drift rate of the UE and a moving speed of the UE.

19. The UE according to claim 17, wherein: When the UE is not in flight mode, the T q and the T p is based on the T q and the T p is determined by the traditional value of 20. The UE according to claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to: determining a location of the UE; and determining the location of a base station to which the UE will transmit a signal, Wherein T q and the T p is determined based at least on the location of the UE and the location of the base station, Wherein T q and the T p It is determined at a predefined periodicity or when an event occurs.

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