Large mine ecological restoration and preservation system

Abstract

The application provides a large mine ecological restoration and maintenance system, and belongs to the technical field of ecological management, which comprises a plurality of soil-fixing units, fixing mechanisms and growth layers. The soil-fixing units are covered on the gravel surface to form a soil-fixing layer; the soil-fixing units comprise fixing bags and base soil filled in the fixing bags. The fixing mechanisms are embedded in the gaps between the gravels at the bottom and connected with the soil-fixing units at the top, and are used for fixing the soil-fixing units on the gravel surface. The growth layers are covered on the surface of the soil-fixing layer; the growth layers are humus layers and are used for plant growth. The large mine ecological restoration and maintenance system provided by the application fills loose soil into the fixing bags by piling the soil-fixing units on the surface of the rockfill yard, and then covers the rockfill yard. The fixing bags concentrate the loose soil into a soil-fixing unit, avoid soil leakage from the gaps between the gravels, and reduce the difficulty of covering soil on the surface of the rockfill yard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of ecological governance, and more specifically, it relates to a large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system. Background Technology

[0002] Mining activities have a significant environmental impact, leading to land degradation, water pollution, and biodiversity loss. During mining operations, quarries are often created on slopes outside mining areas to dump waste generated during the process. These quarries are characterized by steep slopes, smooth surfaces, and numerous gaps between the stones, making it difficult for them to properly stabilize the soil and retain water, thus hindering ecological restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system, which aims to solve the problem that rockfill sites cannot properly fix soil and store water.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system, comprising:

[0005] Multiple soil stabilization units cover the surface of gravel to form a soil stabilization layer; each soil stabilization unit includes a stabilization bag and base soil filled in the stabilization bag.

[0006] The fixing mechanism, with its bottom embedded in the gaps between the crushed stones and its top connected to the soil stabilization unit, is used to fix the soil stabilization unit to the surface of the crushed stones; and

[0007] A growth layer covers the surface of the soil-stabilizing layer; the growth layer is a humus layer used for plant growth.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the fixing mechanism includes:

[0009] The first connecting rod is inserted into the gap between the gravel at the bottom and connected to the soil stabilization unit at the top.

[0010] At least two fixed rods, with hinged ends hinged to the bottom side of the first connecting rod and free ends pointing towards the soil stabilization unit; at least two of the fixed rods are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first connecting rod; and

[0011] A fixing component is disposed between the fixing rod and the first connecting rod; the fixing component is used to drive the fixing rod to open so that the free end of the fixing rod abuts against the surface of the gravel.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the fixing component includes a torsion spring disposed between the first connecting rod and the fixing rod, the torsion spring being used to drive the fixing rod to open.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the fixing component includes:

[0014] A rotating tube is fitted onto the first connecting rod, and the rotating tube can rotate around its own axis.

[0015] A sliding tube is fitted onto the rotating tube; the sliding tube is threadedly engaged with the rotating tube; and

[0016] The support rod has one end hinged to the fixed rod and the other end hinged to the slide tube; at least two support rods are provided, each corresponding to one of the fixed rods.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the end of the strut is hinged to the half of the fixed rod near the hinged end.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the fixing component includes:

[0019] A sliding tube is fitted onto the first connecting rod; a pawl is provided on the inner wall of the sliding tube, and a ratchet is provided on the side of the first connecting rod. The pawl and the ratchet engage to allow the sliding tube to slide only towards the bottom of the first connecting rod.

[0020] The support rod has one end hinged to the fixed rod and the other end hinged to the slide tube; at least two support rods are provided, each corresponding to one of the fixed rods.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the top of the first connecting rod is provided with a spike, and the top of the first connecting rod is connected to a second connecting rod, the second connecting rod pointing towards the bottom of the first connecting rod.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the surface of the growth layer is covered with a capping layer.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the inclined surface of the growth layer is provided with multiple water-blocking steps.

[0024] In one possible implementation, a guide plate is provided on the outer side of the water-blocking step.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system provided by this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, this large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system accumulates soil-stabilizing units on the surface of the quarry, filling loose soil into fixing bags, which are then used to cover the quarry surface. The fixing bags concentrate the loose soil into soil-stabilizing units, preventing soil leakage from the gaps between the gravel and reducing the difficulty of covering the quarry surface with soil. The fixing mechanism secures the soil-stabilizing units to the surface of the quarry, preventing them from rolling off, thereby constructing a stable soil-stabilizing layer on the quarry surface. The soil in the growth layer covering the surface of the soil-stabilizing layer is humus, providing a growth environment and growth substances for plant growth. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the fixing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fixing component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a strut and a fixing rod provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another strut and fixing rod provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another fixing component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0034] 1. Soil stabilization unit; 11. Fixing bag; 12. Subgrade soil; 2. Fixing mechanism; 21. First connecting rod; 211. Spike; 212. Second connecting rod; 22. Fixing rod; 23. Fixing assembly; 231. Rotating pipe; 232. Sliding pipe; 233. Support rod; 3. Growth layer; 4. Covering layer; 5. Water-retaining step; 6. Guide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system provided by the present invention will now be described.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 A large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system, comprising multiple soil stabilization units 1, a fixing mechanism 2, and a growth layer 3.

[0038] A soil stabilization unit 1 covers the surface of the crushed stone, forming a soil stabilization layer 1. The soil stabilization unit 1 includes a fixing bag 11 and base soil 12 filled in the fixing bag 11. The fixing mechanism 2 is buried at the bottom in the gaps between the crushed stones and connected to the top of the soil stabilization unit 1, used to fix the soil stabilization unit 1 to the surface of the crushed stone. A growth layer 3 covers the surface of the soil stabilization layer 1; the growth layer 3 is a humus layer used for plant growth.

[0039] The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system provided by this invention, compared with the prior art, involves accumulating soil stabilization units 1 on the surface of the rockfill, filling loose soil into fixing bags 11, and then covering the surface of the rockfill. The fixing bags 11 concentrate the loose soil into a soil stabilization unit 1, preventing soil leakage from the gaps between the gravel and reducing the difficulty of covering the surface of the rockfill with soil.

[0040] Because each soil stabilization unit 1 is independent and has little interaction with each other, the soil stabilization units 1 cannot be effectively connected into a whole, resulting in poor stability of the soil stabilization layer 1. The fixing mechanism 2 fixes the soil stabilization units 1 to the surface of the rockfill site, preventing the soil stabilization units 1 from rolling off the rockfill site, thereby constructing a stable soil stabilization layer 1 on the surface of the rockfill site.

[0041] The base soil 12 in the fixing bag 11 is raw soil. In the soil layer distribution, the upper layer of soil is mature soil, which contains more nutrients and microorganisms, has a suitable pH value for plant root growth, and has good aeration and air retention capacity. Mature soil can provide a suitable environment for plant growth. The soil located deeper below the mature soil is raw soil. The aeration, air retention capacity, nutrient and microbial content, and pH of raw soil are not suitable for plant growth. However, mature soil content in the natural environment is relatively low; only a few tens of centimeters of soil on the surface is mature soil, and the depth below is raw soil. In order to save mature soil and reduce damage to the land, raw soil is used in the soil fixing layer 1. At the same time, in order to better carry out ecological restoration, a layer of mature soil is placed on the surface of the soil fixing layer 1 for plant growth.

[0042] Reference Figure 2 In one possible implementation, the fixing mechanism 2 includes: a first connecting rod 21, at least two fixing rods 22, and a fixing component 23.

[0043] The bottom of the first connecting rod 21 is inserted into the gap between the crushed stones, and the top is connected to the soil stabilization unit 1. The hinged end of the fixing rod 22 is hinged to the bottom side of the first connecting rod 21, and the free end points towards the soil stabilization unit 1. The fixing rods 22 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first connecting rod 21. The fixing assembly 23 is disposed between the fixing rod 22 and the first connecting rod 21; the fixing assembly 23 is used to drive the fixing rod 22 to open so that the free end of the fixing rod 22 abuts against the surface of the crushed stones.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloy is advantageous due to its high hardness and light weight. Two fixing rods 22 are provided, symmetrically arranged about the first connecting rod 21.

[0045] In one preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloy is advantageous due to its high hardness and light weight. Three fixing rods 22 are provided, with an included angle of 120° between them.

[0046] In one preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloy is advantageous due to its high hardness and light weight. Four fixing rods 22 are provided, and the included angle between the four fixing rods 22 is 90°.

[0047] In one preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of engineering plastic. Aluminum alloy is preferred due to its high hardness and light weight. Two fixing rods 22 are provided, symmetrically arranged about the first connecting rod 21.

[0048] In one preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of engineering plastic. Aluminum alloy is preferred due to its high hardness and light weight. Three fixing rods 22 are provided, with an included angle of 120° between them.

[0049] In one preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of engineering plastic. Aluminum alloy is preferred due to its high hardness and light weight. Four fixing rods 22 are provided, with an included angle of 90° between them.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the fixing component 23 includes a torsion spring disposed between the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22, the torsion spring being used to drive the fixing rod 22 to open.

[0051] Under the action of the torsion spring, the fixing rod 22 is fully extended. When installing the fixing mechanism 2, the bottom of the first connecting rod 21 is inserted into the gap between the gravel. As the fixing rod 22 enters the gap, the end of the fixing rod 22 abuts against the inner wall of the gap, thereby passively retracting the fixing rod 22. When the fixing rod 22 enters a larger position in the gap, the torsion spring opens the fixing rod 22, so that the free end of the fixing rod 22 abuts against the surface of the gravel in the gap, thereby fixing the first connecting rod 21 and preventing the first connecting rod 21 from being pulled out of the gap between the gravel.

[0052] Reference Figure 3 In one possible implementation, the fixing component 23 includes: a rotating tube 231, a sliding tube 232, and a support rod 233.

[0053] The first connecting rod 21 is a cylindrical rod, and the rotating tube 231 is sleeved on the first connecting rod 21. The rotating tube 231 can rotate around its own axis. The sliding tube 232 is sleeved on the rotating tube 231; the sliding tube 232 and the rotating tube 231 are threaded together. One end of the support rod 233 is hinged to the fixed rod 22, and the other end is hinged to the sliding tube 232; at least two support rods 233 are provided, and the number of support rods 233 is the same as that of the fixed rods 22, and they correspond one-to-one with the fixed rods 22.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the end of the strut 233 is hinged to the half of the fixed rod 22 near the hinged end.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, a first limiting ring is provided at the middle position of the first connecting rod 21, and a second limiting ring is provided near the top end of the first connecting rod 21. The first limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21. The rotating tube 231, the sliding tube 232, the support rod 233, the first limiting ring, and the second limiting ring are made of the same material. When the first connecting rod 21 is made of aluminum alloy, the first limiting ring is connected to the first connecting rod 21 by welding. A thread is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the top of the connecting rod, and the second limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21 by threaded engagement. The rotating tube 231 is sleeved on the first connecting rod 21 and is located between the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring. The rotating tube 231 is clearance-fitted with the first connecting rod 21, and the rotating tube 231 can rotate around its own axis. Threads are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating tube 231 and the inner wall of the sliding tube 232, and the sliding tube 232 is threadedly engaged with the rotating tube 231.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, a first limiting ring is provided at the middle position of the first connecting rod 21, and a second limiting ring is provided near the top end of the first connecting rod 21. The first limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21. The rotating tube 231, the sliding tube 232, the support rod 233, the first limiting ring, and the second limiting ring are made of the same material. When the material of the first connecting rod 21 is aluminum alloy, the first limiting ring is integrally formed with the first connecting rod 21. A thread is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the top of the connecting rod, and the second limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21 by means of threaded engagement. The rotating tube 231 is sleeved on the first connecting rod 21 and is located between the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring. The rotating tube 231 and the first connecting rod 21 are clearance-fitted, and the rotating tube 231 can rotate around its own axis. Threads are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating tube 231 and the inner wall of the sliding tube 232, and the sliding tube 232 is threadedly engaged with the rotating tube 231.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, a first limiting ring is provided at the middle position of the first connecting rod 21, and a second limiting ring is provided near the top end of the first connecting rod 21. The first limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21. The rotating tube 231, the sliding tube 232, the support rod 233, the first limiting ring, and the second limiting ring are made of the same material. When the first connecting rod 21 is made of engineering plastic, the first limiting ring is bonded to the first connecting rod 21. A thread is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the top of the connecting rod, and the second limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21 by threaded engagement. The rotating tube 231 is sleeved on the first connecting rod 21 and is located between the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring. The rotating tube 231 is clearance-fitted with the first connecting rod 21, and the rotating tube 231 can rotate around its own axis. Threads are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating tube 231 and the inner wall of the sliding tube 232, and the sliding tube 232 is threadedly engaged with the rotating tube 231.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, a first limiting ring is provided at the middle position of the first connecting rod 21, and a second limiting ring is provided near the top end of the first connecting rod 21. The first limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21. The rotating tube 231, the sliding tube 232, the support rod 233, the first limiting ring, and the second limiting ring are made of the same material. When the material of the first connecting rod 21 is engineering plastic, the first limiting ring is integrally injection molded with the first connecting rod 21. A thread is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the top of the connecting rod, and the second limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21 by means of threaded engagement. The rotating tube 231 is sleeved on the first connecting rod 21 and is located between the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring. The rotating tube 231 and the first connecting rod 21 are clearance-fitted, and the rotating tube 231 can rotate around its own axis. Threads are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating tube 231 and the inner wall of the sliding tube 232, and the sliding tube 232 is threadedly engaged with the rotating tube 231.

[0059] Reference Figure 4 The support rod 233 is located on the side of the fixed rod 22. One end of the support rod 233 is hinged to the fixed rod 22 near the hinged end, and the other end is hinged to the slide tube 232. Due to the limitation of the support rod 233 and the fixed rod 22, the slide tube 232 cannot rotate. When the rotating tube 231 is rotated, the rotating tube 231 drives the slide tube 232 to move along the axial direction of the rotating tube 231, thereby driving the fixed rod 22 to open or close through the support rod 233.

[0060] Reference Figure 5 A receiving groove is provided on the fixed rod 22. One end of the support rod 233 is hinged to the inner wall of the receiving groove near the hinged end of the fixed rod 22, and the other end is hinged to the slide tube 232. When the fixed rod 22 and the support rod 233 are collinear, the support rod 233 is located in the receiving groove and will not interfere with the fixed rod 22. Due to the limiting effect of the support rod 233 and the fixed rod 22, the slide tube 232 cannot rotate. When the rotating tube 231 is rotated, the rotating tube 231 drives the slide tube 232 to move along the axial direction of the rotating tube 231, thereby driving the fixed rod 22 to open or close through the support rod 233.

[0061] Reference Figure 6 In one possible implementation, the fixing component 23 includes a slide tube 232 and a strut 233.

[0062] The slide tube 232 is fitted onto the first connecting rod 21; a pawl is provided on the inner wall of the slide tube 232, and a ratchet is provided on the side of the first connecting rod 21. The pawl and the ratchet engage so that the slide tube 232 can only slide towards the bottom of the first connecting rod 21. One end of the support rod 233 is hinged to the fixed rod 22, and the other end is hinged to the slide tube 232; at least two support rods 233 are provided, each corresponding to one of the fixed rods 22.

[0063] In one possible implementation, the top of the first connecting rod 21 is provided with a spike 211, and the top of the first connecting rod 21 is connected to a second connecting rod 212, which points to the bottom of the first connecting rod 21.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the second connecting rod 212 is hinged to the top of the first connecting rod 21, and a torsion spring is provided between the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 212. After the fixing mechanism 2 is installed in the gap of the gravel, the fixing unit is placed on the fixing mechanism 2. The spike 211 at the top of the first connecting rod 21 penetrates, and the spike 211, together with the second connecting rod 212, pierces into the fixing bag 11. At this time, under the action of the soil inside the fixing bag 11, the second connecting rod 212 rotates towards the first connecting rod 21 and compresses the torsion spring. When the fixing bag 11 is pulled outward, the soil in the fixing bag 11 enters between the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 212, and at the same time, the torsion spring drives the second connecting rod 212 to rotate away from the first connecting rod 21, thereby increasing the resistance to pulling out the fixing bag 11, making it impossible for the fixing unit to separate from the fixing mechanism 2, thereby fixing the fixing unit.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the second connecting rod 212 is fixed to the top of the first connecting rod 21, and there is a certain angle between the second connecting rod 212 and the first connecting rod 21. The second connecting rod 212 also has a certain degree of elasticity. After the fixing mechanism 2 is installed in the gap between the gravel, the fixing unit is placed on the fixing mechanism 2. The spike 211 at the top of the first connecting rod 21 penetrates the bag 11, and the spike 211, along with the second connecting rod 212, pierces into the fixing bag 11. At this time, under the action of the soil inside the fixing bag 11, the second connecting rod 212 deforms and bends towards the first connecting rod 21. When the fixing bag 11 is pulled outwards, the soil in the fixing bag 11 enters between the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 212. Simultaneously, the second connecting rod 212 returns to its original position under its own elasticity, thereby increasing the resistance to pulling out the fixing bag 11, making it impossible for the fixing unit to separate from the fixing mechanism 2, thus fixing the fixing unit.

[0066] In one possible implementation, the surface of the growth layer 3 is covered with a covering layer 4.

[0067] Before the vegetation in growth layer 3 is fully formed, cover the surface of growth layer 3 with cover layer 4 to prevent wind and rain from directly impacting growth layer 3 and causing soil loss.

[0068] In one possible implementation, multiple water-blocking steps 5 are provided on the inclined surface of the growth layer 3.

[0069] When rainwater flows on the slope of growth layer 3, the flow velocity increases under the action of gravity. The water-blocking steps 5 can block the water flow on the slope of growth layer 3, prevent the water flow velocity from being too high, and reduce soil erosion.

[0070] In one possible implementation, a guide plate 6 is provided on the outer side of the water-blocking step 5.

[0071] The guide plate 6 is an arc-shaped plate, and its axis is parallel to and horizontally set with the growth slope. After the water flows onto the water-blocking step 5 in the flow channel, the direction of the water flow is changed under the guidance of the guide plate 6, so that the water flows upward and collides with the water flowing down the growth layer 3, forming turbulence and dispersing the water flow, further reducing the scouring of the growth layer 3 by the water flow.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system, characterized in that, include: Multiple soil stabilization units (1) cover the surface of the gravel to form a soil stabilization layer; the soil stabilization unit (1) includes a fixing bag (11) and base soil (12) filled in the fixing bag (11); The fixing mechanism (2) is embedded at the bottom in the gaps between the gravel and connected at the top to the soil stabilizing unit (1) for fixing the soil stabilizing unit (1) to the surface of the gravel; and A growth layer (3) covers the surface of the soil-stabilizing layer; the growth layer (3) is a humus layer used for plant growth; The fixing mechanism (2) includes: The first connecting rod (21) is inserted into the gap between the gravel at the bottom and connected to the soil stabilization unit (1) at the top. At least two fixed rods (22) are hinged at their hinged ends to the bottom side of the first connecting rod (21), with their free ends pointing towards the soil stabilization unit (1); at least two of the fixed rods (22) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first connecting rod (21); and A fixing component (23) is disposed between the fixing rod (22) and the first connecting rod (21); the fixing component (23) is used to drive the fixing rod (22) to open so that the free end of the fixing rod (22) abuts against the surface of the gravel. The fixing component (23) includes: A rotating tube (231) is sleeved on the first connecting rod (21), and the rotating tube (231) can rotate around its own axis; A sliding tube (232) is sleeved on the rotating tube (231); the sliding tube (232) and the rotating tube (231) are threaded together; and The support rod (233) is hinged at one end to the fixed rod (22) and at the other end to the slide tube (232); at least two support rods (233) are provided, and they correspond one-to-one with the fixed rod (22); the end of the support rod (233) is hinged to the half side of the fixed rod (22) near the hinge end.

2. A large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system, characterized in that, include: Multiple soil stabilization units (1) cover the surface of the gravel to form a soil stabilization layer; the soil stabilization unit (1) includes a fixing bag (11) and base soil (12) filled in the fixing bag (11); The fixing mechanism (2) is embedded at the bottom in the gaps between the gravel and connected at the top to the soil stabilizing unit (1) for fixing the soil stabilizing unit (1) to the surface of the gravel; and A growth layer (3) covers the surface of the soil-stabilizing layer; the growth layer (3) is a humus layer used for plant growth; The fixing mechanism (2) includes: The first connecting rod (21) is inserted into the gap between the gravel at the bottom and connected to the soil stabilization unit (1) at the top. At least two fixed rods (22) are hinged at their hinged ends to the bottom side of the first connecting rod (21), with their free ends pointing towards the soil stabilization unit (1); at least two of the fixed rods (22) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first connecting rod (21); and A fixing component (23) is disposed between the fixing rod (22) and the first connecting rod (21); the fixing component (23) is used to drive the fixing rod (22) to open so that the free end of the fixing rod (22) abuts against the surface of the gravel. The fixing component (23) includes: A sliding tube (232) is fitted onto the first connecting rod (21); a pawl is provided on the inner wall of the sliding tube (232), and a ratchet is provided on the side of the first connecting rod (21). The pawl and the ratchet engage so that the sliding tube (232) can only slide towards the bottom of the first connecting rod (21); and The support rod (233) is hinged at one end to the fixed rod (22) and at the other end to the slide tube (232); at least two support rods (233) are provided, and each one corresponds to the fixed rod (22).

3. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The top of the first connecting rod (21) is provided with a spike (211), and the top of the first connecting rod (21) is connected to a second connecting rod (212), which points to the bottom of the first connecting rod (21).

4. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The surface of the growth layer (3) is covered with a covering layer (4).

5. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Multiple water-blocking steps (5) are provided on the inclined surface of the growth layer (3).

6. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The outer side of the water-blocking step (5) is provided with a guide plate (6).

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