Grafting method of camellia and cultivation method of grafted seedlings of camellia

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a grafting method of camellia and a cultivation method of grafted seedlings of the camellia. According to the grafting method, a 4-5-year-old camellia oleifera or camellia chekiangoleosa rootstock is selected for grafting, and scions grafted by the thick and strong rootstock grow fast and well; during grafting, a robust branch with full buds is selected as a scion, one bud is reserved for the scion, only one strong bud and 3 / 5 leaves or two and half leaves are reserved for the scion, the grafting survival rate is high, and the buds are easier to germinate and grow vigorously; when the rootstock is cut and grafted, the rootstock is slightly deviated from the pith, so that the width of the section of the rootstock is close to the thickness of the scion, less rootstock cuts are exposed, the healing of grafting unions is facilitated, the grafting parts are uniform, and the plant shape is attractive; during scion cutting, the lower portion and the reverse side of a scion bud are cut, the cut face under the bud is attached to the pith of the stock for grafting, and therefore the grafted camellia bud grows positively and is good in plant shape after germination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a camellia grafting method and a method for cultivating grafted seedlings thereof. Background Art

[0002] Camellia is an evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Camellia in the family Theaceae. Camellia is native to eastern China and was widely cultivated during the Nanzhao period. The ancient Yunnan camellia tree in the scroll "Nanzhao Map" in the second year of the Tang Dynasty is the earliest image of camellia in Chinese painting. It is now widely planted in the Yangtze River and Pearl River Basins, Korea, Japan, and India. There are many ways to propagate camellia, both sexual and asexual reproduction are possible, but the survival rate of camellia seedlings propagated by grafting is currently low. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a camellia grafting method and a method for cultivating grafted seedlings thereof. The camellia grafted by the grafting method has better growth, better tree shape and higher selling price.

[0004] The invention provides a camellia grafting method, comprising the following steps: using a stem segment with buds and leaves on the camellia as a scion, and before grafting, cutting the physiological upper part of the bud on the scion into a plane or an inclined surface, and cutting the lower part into a wedge shape, wherein one side of the wedge shape is a positive inclined surface, and the opposite side is a negative inclined surface, and leaving a strong bud and one 3 / 5 leaf or two 1 / 2 leaves on the scion;

[0005] Using 4-5 year old white flower tea or red flower tea as rootstock, cutting the main branch into a plane to avoid cut damage, and vertically cutting the plane away from the pith to form an incision;

[0006] Grafting should be done 1 to 2 months before or after the beginning of spring. After the scion is cut, insert the cut scion into the incision of the rootstock with the positive bevel close to the pith of the rootstock. Align the cambium on one side of the scion and the rootstock, wrap the grafted part and tie it tightly.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the ground diameter of the rootstock is 1 to 3 cm.

[0008] As a preferred solution, the angle of the positive bevel is 10° to 15°, and the angle of the negative bevel is 1° to 5°.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the wrapping tool includes aluminum foil, and the fastening tool includes electrical tape.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the scion is taken from strong branches on the periphery of semi-lignified or lignified tree crowns.

[0011] The invention provides a method for cultivating a camellia grafted seedling. The grafted seedling obtained by the grafting method is placed in a greenhouse and a shaded environment for cultivation; the leaf surface of the grafted seedling faces the sun.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the shading degree of the shading environment is 40% to 60%.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the cultivation temperature is 24-30°C and the humidity is 80%-90%.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the buds of the grafted seedlings face the same direction.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the cultivation substrate includes red sandy soil, and the pH value of the red sandy soil is 5-6.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a camellia grafting method, wherein 4-5-year-old white-flowered camellia or red-flowered camellia rootstocks are selected for grafting, and the scion grafted with the sturdy rootstock grows fast and well; when grafting, a strong branch with full buds is selected as the scion, and the scion leaves one bud, only one strong bud and 3 / 5 leaves or 2 and a half leaves, so that the grafting survival rate is high, the buds are easier to germinate, and the growth is vigorous; when grafting the rootstock, the rootstock is slightly deviated from the pith, so that the width of the rootstock section and the thickness of the scion are similar. The rootstock cut is close to each other, the rootstock incision is less exposed, which is more conducive to the healing of the grafting site, the grafting site is uniform, and the plant shape is beautiful; when cutting the scion, cut just below the scion bud and on the back side, and the cut surface just below the bud is close to the rootstock pith for grafting, so that the grafted camellia buds grow properly after germination and have a good plant shape; when placing the grafted seedlings, place the buds in the same direction and the leaves facing the sun, so that the grafted seedlings grow well; all the grafted seedlings are cultivated with red sandy soil with good air permeability, and the roots are lush and the leaves are luxuriant. At present, the survival rate of camellia seedlings bred by grafting is about: the survival rate of white flower oil tea grafted camellia in the first year is 81.3%, and the second year is 78.4%. By adopting the grafting method provided by the present invention, the grafting survival rate of camellia is increased by 10%, and the camellia grafted by the patented method has better growth, better tree shape, and higher selling price. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a physical picture of laying the weed-proof cloth in Example 1;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a physical picture of the foam layer on the weed-proof cloth in Example 1;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a physical picture of a 5-year-old strong oil-tea camellia seedling in Example 1;

[0020] Figure 4 A physical picture of the branches selected for the scion in Example 1;

[0021] Figure 5It is a physical picture of cutting the scion in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a physical picture of the length of the scion cut surface in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a physical diagram of the angle at which the scion is cut in Example 1;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a physical picture of the scion with one leaf left in Example 1;

[0025] Fig. 9 This is a physical picture of the scion with two leaves in Example 1;

[0026] Fig.10 This is a physical picture of the cross section of the rootstock being flattened in Example 1;

[0027] Fig.11 This is a physical picture of a rootstock cut vertically in Example 1;

[0028] Fig.12 This is a physical picture of inserting the scion into the rootstock in Example 1;

[0029] Fig.13 This is a physical picture of the formation layer alignment on one side in Example 1;

[0030] Fig.14 This is a physical picture of the grafting part wrapped with aluminum foil in Example 1;

[0031] Fig.15 This is a real picture of the aluminum foil being tightly tied with electrical tape in Example 1;

[0032] Fig.16 This is a physical picture of the seedlings placed in Example 1;

[0033] Fig.17 This is a physical picture of the grafted seedlings sprayed with fungicides in Example 1;

[0034] Fig.18 It is a physical picture of the arch shed in Example 1;

[0035] Fig.19 This is a real picture of the shade net used for shading in Example 1;

[0036] Fig. 20 It is a physical picture of removing sprouts in Example 1;

[0037] Fig.21 This is a physical picture of weeding in Example 1;

[0038] Fig. 22 It is a physical picture of fertilization in Example 1;

[0039] Fig.23This is a physical picture of inserting a support rod to fix the camellia tree trunk in Example 1;

[0040] Fig.24 This is a physical picture of hanging yellow boards and blue boards to prevent pests in Example 1;

[0041] Fig.25 This is a physical picture of spraying chemical agents to prevent and control pests and diseases in Example 1;

[0042] Fig.26 This is a physical picture of the 2-year-old oil-tea camellia seedling in Comparative Example 1;

[0043] Fig. 27 This is a physical picture of the seedlings with good plant shape and uniform growth in Example 1;

[0044] Fig.28 This is a physical picture of a large seedling of a grafted seedling with a good plant shape in Example 1;

[0045] Fig.29 This is a physical picture of the seedlings with poor plant shape and poor growth potential in Comparative Example 1;

[0046] Fig.30 This is a photo of the large seedlings of the grafted seedlings with poor plant shape in Comparative Example 1;

[0047] Fig.31 This is a physical picture of the 1-year-old seedlings cultivated in Example 1;

[0048] Fig.32 This is a physical picture of the 2-year-old seedlings cultivated in Example 1;

[0049] Fig.33 This is a photo of the product grown for one year in Comparative Example 3;

[0050] Fig.34 This is a physical picture of the 2-year-old seedlings cultivated in Comparative Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The invention provides a camellia grafting method, comprising the following steps: using a stem segment with buds and leaves on the camellia as a scion, and before grafting, cutting the physiological upper part of the bud on the scion into a plane or an inclined surface, and cutting the lower part into a wedge shape, wherein one side of the wedge shape is a positive inclined surface, and the opposite side is a negative inclined surface, and leaving a strong bud and one 3 / 5 leaf or two 1 / 2 leaves on the scion;

[0052] Using 4-5 year old white flower tea or red flower tea as rootstock, cutting the main branch into a plane to avoid cut damage, and vertically cutting the plane away from the pith to form an incision;

[0053] Grafting is done in January and February. When grafting, the scion is inserted into the cut of the rootstock with the positive bevel close to the pith of the rootstock, the cambium on one side is aligned, and the grafted part is wrapped and tied tightly.

[0054] Unless otherwise specified, the present invention has no special requirements for the preparation raw materials, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0055] The present invention uses a stem segment with buds and leaves on a camellia as a scion, and before grafting, the physiological upper part of the bud on the scion is cut into a plane or an inclined surface, and the lower part is cut into a wedge shape, one side of the wedge is a positive inclined surface, and the opposite side is a reverse inclined surface, and the scion leaves a strong bud and one 3 / 5 leaf or two 1 / 2 leaves. The scion of the present invention can be selected from semi-lignified or lignified crown peripheral branches that grow robustly, have full buds and are free of diseases and insect pests. The varieties of the camellia of the present invention include: one or more of the common varieties of Yunnan camellia and the introduced suitable varieties.

[0056] In the present invention, the physiological lower part of the bud on the scion is cut into a wedge shape, one side of the wedge is a positive bevel, and the opposite side is a reverse bevel. As a preferred embodiment, the angle of the positive bevel can be 10° to 15°, and the angle of the reverse bevel can be 1° to 5°. The bevel directly below the scion bud is grafted close to the pith of the rootstock, and the grafted camellia buds have a positive growth after germination and a good plant shape. In addition, the bevel length of the scion of the present invention can be 1.5 to 2.5 cm. As a preferred embodiment, during the grafting of the present invention, a strong branch with full buds is selected as the scion, and the scion leaves 1 bud, only one strong bud and 3 / 5 leaves or 2 and a half leaves. The grafting survival rate is high, the bud is easier to germinate, and the growth is vigorous. The thickness of the scion of the present invention is 0.4 to 0.8 cm, and the length is 3 to 5 cm.

[0057] The present invention uses 4-5 year old white flower tea or red flower tea as the rootstock. The rootstock of the present invention can be selected from white flower tea or red flower tea with high affinity, no pests and diseases, smooth bark and good growth. The ground diameter of the rootstock of the present invention can be 1-3 cm, for example, 2 cm, and the scion grafted with the sturdy rootstock grows fast and well.

[0058] In the present invention, a plane is cut on the main branch to avoid damage from the cut, and the plane is cut vertically at a position deviating from the pith to form an incision. As a preferred embodiment, the stock can be cut 4 to 5 cm away from the soil surface and then the cross section can be flattened, and the cross section can be cut vertically at a position deviating from the pith to form an incision; the length of the incision corresponds to the length of the cut surface of the scion, that is, it can be 1.5 to 2.5 cm. When cutting the stock, deviate slightly from the pith so that the width of the stock section is close to the thickness of the scion, which can make the stock section less exposed, more conducive to the healing of the grafting site, uniform growth of the grafted part, and beautiful plant shape.

[0059] In the present invention, grafting is performed in January and February. After the scion is cut, the scion is inserted into the scion at the stock incision close to the pith of the stock, and the scion is aligned with the cambium on one side of the stock, and the grafting is wrapped and tied up. The packaged tool of the present invention may include aluminum foil, and the tool for tying up may include electrical tape. As a preferred embodiment, the stock incision is pried open, the scion is inserted, the cambium on one side of the stock is aligned, the grafting part is wrapped with aluminum foil, and then the electrical tape is wrapped and tied up outside the aluminum foil. In a specific embodiment, the grafting port wrapped with aluminum foil and electrical tape is untied in September of the same year, and the aluminum foil is untied in May of the second year, that is, the grafting port can be completely healed and then the aluminum foil is untied. The aluminum foil and the tape wrapped grafting port are all flat packages, which can avoid the phenomenon of binding with plastic film, and the phenomenon of untying in time causing strangling and affecting the growth of seedlings.

[0060] The invention provides a method for cultivating a camellia grafted seedling. The grafted seedling obtained by the grafting method is placed in a shaded environment for cultivation; the leaf surface of the grafted seedling faces the sun.

[0061] In the present invention, a suitable grafted seedling cultivation site can be selected first. In the present invention, an environment with moist air and semi-shaded and semi-sunny conditions can be selected; for example, the altitude can be 1500-2000m, the annual precipitation can be 1100-1500mm, the relative humidity can be 60%-80%, and the annual average temperature can be 14-17°C. In addition, the average temperature in January is above 5°C, the extreme minimum temperature is not lower than -7°C, and the extreme maximum temperature does not exceed 35°C. The grafted seedling cultivation site of the present invention can be a place with flat terrain, sufficient water sources, good drainage, convenient irrigation, and convenient transportation. As a preferred embodiment, the preparation of the grafted seedling cultivation site also includes: after the grafted seedling cultivation site is leveled, a layer of weed-proof cloth is covered on the surface, and a porous filterable foam layer is placed on the weed-proof cloth; the thickness of the porous filterable foam layer is 4-6cm, for example, 5cm.

[0062] In the present invention, the grafted seedlings can be placed in a cultivation container, and the matrix in the cultivation container includes: red sandy soil, and the pH value of the red sandy soil is 5-6; the grafted seedlings are all cultivated with red sandy soil with good air permeability within 2 years, and the red sandy soil has good air permeability, and the root system grows strong and luxuriant. In the present invention, the cultivation container can be placed on the prepared foam layer of the nursery ground, and the number of rows is determined according to the width of the ground; when placed, the leaf surface of the grafted seedling faces the sunny direction, and the buds of the grafted seedlings are placed in the same direction; facing the same direction is conducive to the neat growth of the seedlings, and will not cause the phenomenon of branches fighting when the buds germinate later, and the leaves facing the sun can better perform photosynthesis and promote bud germination and growth.

[0063] In the present invention, the grafted seedlings can be placed in a shaded environment for cultivation, and the shade degree of the shaded environment is 40% to 60%, for example, 50%. The temperature of the cultivation of the present invention can be 24 to 30°C, and the humidity can be 80% to 90%. As a preferred embodiment, a shade net can be built outside the arch shed for shading. The arch shed can provide a high temperature and high humidity cultivation environment, which is conducive to the healing of the grafting site and the growth of buds, and significantly improves the survival rate of camellia seedling grafting. The height of the arch shed of the present invention can be 50 to 80 cm from the ground. The arch shed of the present invention can be covered with a plastic film, and the plastic can be a 2 to 4 filament (0.02 to 0.04 mm) thick plastic film, for example, a 3 filament (0.03 mm) plastic film, and the plastic film should be paved flat and the edges should be covered with fine sand.

[0064] In the present invention, the method for cultivating grafted seedlings also includes grafted seedling management and care, such as watering, weeding, film removal, container replacement, unbinding, fertilization, camellia shaping and pest and disease control.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment, water can be added according to the humidity in the arch shed, and the soil humidity is controlled at 75% to 85%, that is, a handful of soil can be kneaded into a ball, and the soil can naturally disperse after the hand is released. In a specific embodiment, watering is done once every 1 to 2 months. In spring, summer and autumn, watering should be done before 9 am and after 5 pm. In winter, watering should be done in the afternoon. The water temperature is close to the soil temperature to avoid a sudden drop in soil temperature after watering, which is not conducive to root growth. In addition, in spring and early summer, when the camellia plants are growing and the flower buds are differentiating, and in the flowering period, watering must be done frequently and more to avoid water shortage affecting the growth of the camellia.

[0066] As a preferred embodiment, weeding and sprouting can be carried out 1 to 2 months after grafting, that is, the rootstock sprouts and weeds can be removed in time. In a specific embodiment, the time for uncovering the shed is selected in the morning or evening. After uncovering the arch shed, the camellia is sprayed with water to replenish water, and then the rootstock sprouts and weeds are removed, and then the insecticide is sprayed. The insecticide is selected from one of the fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, methyl thiophanate and one of the insecticides such as imidacloprid, omethoate, cyhalothrin, and avermectin. The insecticide is prepared into a fungicide according to the instructions for spraying to prevent and control pests and diseases. Each time, one of the mixed acidic insecticides and fungicides is selected for rotation application, and the film is covered firmly after spraying.

[0067] As a preferred embodiment, the grafted seedlings are cured in the arch shed for 100 days before the film is removed. In a specific embodiment, in early to mid-June, when more than 70% of the camellia in the shed has sprouted new branches and more than 80% of the semi-lignified brown trunks of the sprouted new branches have sprouted, the film is removed. The film at both ends of the seedbed can be removed in the evening every day, and water is poured after the film is removed every day. The film is covered before 10 o'clock the next morning. After repeating for one week, the film is removed once.

[0068] As a preferred embodiment, after the film is removed, the cultivation is continued under the 50% shade net for 1 to 2 months, that is, the container can be changed, such as a bag or a pot. In a specific embodiment, the polyethylene bag used for the container can have a bag width and a bag height of 21 cm. The soil used for bag replacement is red sand with good air permeability and a pH value between 5 and 6. The red sand needs to be disinfected with fungicides and insecticides such as carbendazim and phoxim before bagging.

[0069] As a preferred embodiment, the adhesive tape layer is removed from the grafted seedlings one month after the container is changed, and the aluminum foil layer is removed around May of the second year.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment, fertilization can be applied at the root of the grafted seedlings, for example, Guoguang Songer compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer can be applied alternately, and it can be applied once every 1 to 2 months. Fertilization should be done thinly and frequently. For example, about 10 grains of organic compound fertilizer are used for camellia below 1 cm above the grafting point, and about 20 grains are applied for about 2 cm. Before fertilization, the bag seedlings are watered thoroughly, and the compound fertilizer is sprinkled and watered again after 10 minutes. As a preferred embodiment, potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer can also be applied every 40 days from May to July, and sprayed 2 to 3 times a year.

[0071] As a preferred embodiment, the grafted seedling management includes camellia shaping, such as using a support rod to assist in camellia shaping. In a specific embodiment, for example, a camellia grafted in February will grow to 80 to 90 cm in height in August and September when the growth is good. Because the branches are not lignified or the leaves are large, the main stem cannot support the entire camellia and the branches are bent. At this time, a support rod needs to be inserted into the camellia pot and the main stem of the camellia is tied to the support rod to shape the camellia.

[0072] As a preferred embodiment, the grafted seedling management also includes pest control. In the present invention, the pests can be physically controlled by hanging yellow boards and blue boards and / or chemically controlled. The chemical agents selected for chemical control of the present invention may include bactericides, such as one or more of carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and methyl thiophanate; they may also include insecticides, such as one or more of imidacloprid, omethoate, cyhalothrin and avermectin. In a specific embodiment, chemical agents can be used for prevention. Insecticides and fungicides are sprayed after weeding the seedlings in the arch shed in March and April. Thereafter, pest control is carried out once every 1 to 2 months during weeding and fertilization. According to the instructions, a bactericidal and insecticidal agent is prepared for spraying to prevent and control pests; the spraying time can be before nine o'clock in the morning, or after four o'clock in the afternoon. When the temperature is high at noon, the pesticide cannot be sprayed, which is easy to cause leaf drug burns.

[0073] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a camellia grafting method and a method for cultivating grafted seedlings thereof provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] The process of cultivating camellia grafted seedlings includes a series of techniques, including the selection of grafted seedling cultivation sites, preparation of grafting rootstocks, preparation of grafting scions, time and methods of camellia grafting, grafting procedures, and grafted seedling management.

[0076] The grafted seedlings are a batch, not a single plant, so the angles, lengths, and specific parameters are slightly different.

[0077] 1. Selection of the site for grafted seedling cultivation

[0078] Choose an environment with humid air, semi-shade and semi-sun, with an altitude of 1575m, an average annual temperature of 17℃ in 2021, an average temperature in January above 5℃, an extreme minimum temperature not lower than -7℃, an extreme maximum temperature not exceeding 35℃, an annual precipitation of 1326mm, relative air humidity of 60% to 80%, a flat terrain, sufficient water resources, good drainage, convenient irrigation, and convenient transportation.

[0079] Preparation of the site for grafted seedlings: After the nursery site is leveled, cover the surface with a layer of weed-proof cloth (see Figure 1 ), place a 5cm high porous water-filtering foam layer on the weed-proof cloth (see Figure 2 ).

[0080] 2. Preparation of rootstock for grafting

[0081] Select 4-5 year old white tea oil trees with a ground diameter of 1.4-2.4 cm, high affinity, no pests and diseases, smooth bark and good growth (see Figure 3 ), used as rootstock for grafting.

[0082] 3. Preparation of scion for grafting

[0083] The grafted varieties are Lalipet and Valentine, and the scion is selected from the outer branches of the lignified crown that are healthy, have full buds and are free of diseases and insect pests (see Figure 4 ). Choose the location for cutting the scion just below the bud and make a cut (see Figure 5 ), the angle of the bevel below the bud is larger, 10° to 15° (see Figure 6 ), that is, the positive bevel, and then cut a knife on the reverse side of the bud cut surface. The angle of the reverse side is smaller, 1°~5°, that is, the reverse bevel. Both sides are cut into wedges. The length of the bevel is about 2cm. The scion is 0.4~0.8cm thick and about 4cm long (see Figure 7), keep one bud on the top of the scion, cut off 2 / 5 of the front end of the leaf if leaving one leaf, or cut off 1 / 2 of the front end of each leaf if leaving two leaves (see Figure 8 and Fig. 9 ).

[0084] 4. Preparation of rootstock for grafting

[0085] The grafted rootstock is bagged with polyethylene bags with a width and height of 21 cm. The soil is red sand with good air permeability and a pH value of 5.2. The red sand needs to be disinfected with fungicides such as carbendazim and phoxim before bagging. The rootstock is cut 4 to 5 cm from the soil surface and the cross section is flattened (see Fig.10 ), use a grafting knife to cut vertically at the cross section away from the pith (see Fig.11 ), the length of the incision should correspond to the length of the cut surface of the scion (about 1.5 to 2.5 cm). When cutting the rootstock, deviate slightly from the pith so that the width of the cut surface of the rootstock is close to the thickness of the scion.

[0086] 5. Time and method of camellia grafting

[0087] The best time to graft camellia is in February before new buds sprout in spring, and the grafting method is cut grafting.

[0088] 1. Insert the scion and tie it: Use a grafting knife to pry open the incision of the rootstock and insert the scion (see Fig.12 ), the cambium of the scion and the rootstock are aligned (see Fig.13 ), wrap the grafted area with aluminum foil (see Fig.14 ), and then wrap the aluminum foil tightly with electrical tape (see Fig.15 ), wrap the grafting joint with aluminum foil and electrical tape, untie the electrical tape in September of the current year, and untie the aluminum foil around May of the second year. You can wait until the grafting joint is completely healed before untying the aluminum foil. This will not cause the phenomenon of strangling the seedlings by binding with plastic film and affecting their growth.

[0089] 2. Placement of grafted seedlings: Place the grafted seedlings on the prepared foam layer of the nursery ground (see Fig.16 ), 8 to 10 plants are placed in a row, and the number of rows is determined according to the width of the land. When placing the seedlings, the buds should face in one direction and the front of the leaves should face the sun, which is conducive to the neat growth of the seedlings. The leaves facing the sun can better carry out photosynthesis and promote bud germination and growth.

[0090] 3. Build the arch shed and shade net: Place the seedlings, drill holes and insert the arch poles to make the arch height consistent, cover with plastic film, and spray the seedlings with fungicides and insecticides before covering the film (see Fig.17 ), use 3-wire film to build a 75cm high sealed plastic arch shed (see Fig.18 ), the plastic film should be laid flat, the edges should be covered with fine sand, and a shade net with a 50% shade degree should be built outside the arch shed for shading (see Fig.19) Keep the grafted seedlings under high temperature and high humidity conditions, with a temperature of 24-30°C and a humidity of 80%-90%.

[0091] 6. Grafted seedling management and care

[0092] 1. Watering: Grafted seedlings lose less water in sealed plastic arch sheds. Replenish water according to the humidity in the shed and water once every two months. When the camellia is maintained under the shade net after the arch shed is removed, keep the soil humidity at 75%. Grab a handful of soil and you can squeeze it into a ball. When you let go, the soil will naturally spread out. In spring, summer and autumn, watering is recommended before 9 am and after 5 pm. In winter, watering is recommended in the afternoon. The water temperature is close to the soil temperature to avoid a sudden drop in soil temperature after watering, which is not conducive to root growth. In spring and early summer, when the camellia plants are growing and the flower buds are differentiating, you must water them frequently and more to avoid water shortage affecting the growth of the camellia.

[0093] 2. Weeding and sprout removal: Observe the grafted seedlings in the arch shed at any time, remove the rootstock sprouts and weeds in time, and remove the sprouts and weeds 1 to 2 months after grafting (see Fig. 20 and Fig.21 ), choose the morning or evening as the time to uncover the shed. After uncovering the shed, spray water on the camellia to replenish moisture, then remove the rootstock sprouts and weeds, and then spray insecticides and fungicides. The fungicide is Guoguang carbendazim and the insecticide is imidacloprid. Apply them in rotation and cover the film firmly after spraying.

[0094] 3. Remove the film: After the camellia seedlings in the arch shed have been maintained for 100 days, in early to mid-June, when the camellia in the shed has sprouted more than 70% of new branches and more than 80% of the semi-lignified tea-brown trunks of the sprouted new branches, start to remove the film. First, remove the film at both ends of the seedbed in the evening every day, water thoroughly after removing the film every day, cover the film before 10 am the next day, repeat for one week, and then remove the film all at once.

[0095] 4. Bag change: After removing the film, continue to cultivate under the 50% shade net for 1 month, that is, change the bags in August. The specifications of the polyethylene bags used for 2 bags are 21 cm in bag width and bag height. The soil used for bag change is red sandy soil with good air permeability and a pH value of 5.2. The red sandy soil needs to be disinfected with fungicides and insecticides such as carbendazim and phoxim before bagging.

[0096] 5. Unbinding: Remove the tape layer from the grafted seedlings one month after changing the bag or pot, and remove the aluminum foil layer around May of the second year.

[0097] 6. Fertilization: For the root of camellia, Guoguang Songer compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer should be applied alternately, once a month. Fertilization should be done thinly and frequently. For camellias below 1 cm above the grafting point, use about 10 grains of organic compound fertilizer, and for camellias around 2 cm, use about 20 grains (see Fig. 22), water the bag seedlings thoroughly before fertilizing, and water again 10 minutes after spreading the compound fertilizer. Apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer every 40 days from May to July, and spray twice a year.

[0098] 7. Camellia shaping: For camellia grafted in February, if the growth is good in August and September, support rods should be inserted into the camellia pots, and the main stem of the camellia should be tied to the support rods to shape the camellia (see Fig.23 ).

[0099] 8. Pest and disease control

[0100] Pests are controlled physically by hanging yellow and blue boards (see Fig.24 ) and chemical control (see Fig.25 ), chemical prevention: spray insecticides and fungicides after weeding the seedlings in the arch shed in March and April, and then carry out pest control once every 1 to 2 months when weeding and fertilizing. Use carbendazim fungicide and imidacloprid insecticide, and prepare fungicides and insecticides according to the instructions for spraying to prevent and control pests. Spraying time is before 9 am and after 4 pm. Do not spray when the temperature is high at noon, which is easy to cause leaf burns.

[0101] Comparative Example 1

[0102] The method of Example 1 was followed, except that the rootstock was a 2-year-old seedling (see Fig.26 ).

[0103] Test Example 1

[0104] Camellia grafted seedlings were cultivated according to the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The plant growth of Example 1 was shown in FIG. Fig. 27 and Fig.28 The plant growth of comparative example 1 is shown in Fig.29 and Fig.30 .

[0105] from Figure 27 to Figure 30 It can be seen that the camellia buds grafted in Example 1 have a positive growth momentum and a good plant shape after germination; while the plant shape of Comparative Example 1 is poor.

[0106] Comparative Example 2

[0107] The method of Example 1 is followed, except that no arch shed and shade net are used.

[0108] Comparative Example 3

[0109] The method is carried out in the manner of Example 1, except that: a 2-year-old small rootstock seedling is used to graft camellia, the ground diameter of the rootstock is less than 1 cm, and the growth is weak after the grafting survives; the scion is selected for the grafted camellia, but one bud 3 / 5 leaves (2 / 5 of the tip of the remaining leaf is cut off) or one bud 2 and a half leaves (1 / 2 of the tips of the two remaining leaves are cut off respectively), the position of cutting the scion is random, the cutting angle is random, the cutting surface of the scion close to the pith of the rootstock is also random, and the position of cutting the rootstock when grafting the camellia is random; when grafting the camellia, the grafting port is tied with a plastic film, which is easy to cause untimely untying and strangling the seedlings, thereby affecting the growth of the seedlings and the difference in rod shape; the direction of the grafted seedlings is random when they are placed, and the buds are not placed in the same direction and the leaves are not placed in the direction facing the sun; the soil used for cultivating the grafted seedlings is randomly taken, and not all of them are cultivated with red sandy soil with good air permeability.

[0110] Test Example 2

[0111] In February 2022, 6000 camellia plants were grafted using the method of Example 1, 200 camellia plants were grafted using the method of Comparative Example 2, and 5000 camellia plants were grafted using the method of Comparative Example 3. The comparison results of the growth and sales profits of camellia plants cultivated by different grafting methods are shown in Tables 1 to 3 and Figure 31 to Figure 34 .

[0112] Table 1 Growth and sales profit of camellia after one year of grafting by different methods

[0113]

[0114] Table 2 Growth and sales profit of camellia after 2 years of grafting by different methods

[0115]

[0116] Table 3 Survival rate of grafted seedlings by different methods

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] As can be seen from Tables 1 to 3, the 6000 camellia plants grafted in February 2022 using the method of Example 1 had a survival rate of 91.4% in February 2023, an average seedling height of 56.3 cm, an average ground diameter of 0.72 cm, and an average selling price of 70 yuan per plant; the survival rate in February 2024 was 90.1%, the average seedling height was 86.5 cm, the average ground diameter was 1.64 cm, and the average selling price was 120 yuan per plant.

[0120] The 200 camellia plants grafted in February 2022 using the method of Comparative Example 2 had an extremely low survival rate of only 1% to 2% in February 2023 and February 2024.

[0121] For 5,000 camellia plants grafted in February 2022 using the method of Comparative Example 3, the survival rate was 81.3% in February 2023, the average seedling height was 25.4 cm, the average ground diameter was 0.4 cm, and the average selling price was 35 yuan per plant; the survival rate was 78.4% in February 2024, the average seedling height was 42.5 cm, the average ground diameter was 0.8 cm, and the average selling price was 60 yuan per plant.

[0122] from Figure 31 to Figure 34 It can be seen that the camellia of Example 1 grows better, has a more correct and better overall tree shape, and has a better appearance.

[0123] It can be seen that by using the grafting method and cultivation method provided in the present application, the survival rate of camellia grafting is increased by 10%, the camellia grows better, the overall tree shape is more correct and better, the appearance is better, it is more conducive to sale, and the selling price is doubled.

[0124] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A camellia grafting method, characterized in that: The grafting method comprises the following steps: using a stem segment with buds and leaves on a camellia as a scion, and before grafting, cutting the physiological upper part of the bud on the scion into a plane or an inclined surface, and cutting the lower part into a wedge shape, wherein one side of the wedge shape is a positive inclined surface, and the opposite side is a negative inclined surface, and leaving a strong bud and one 3 / 5 leaf or two 1 / 2 leaves on the scion; Using 4-5 year old white flower tea or red flower tea as rootstock, cutting the main branch into a plane to avoid cut damage, and vertically cutting the plane away from the pith to form an incision; Grafting is done in January and February. After the scion is cut, insert the scion into the cut of the stock with the right bevel close to the pith of the stock. Align the cambium on one side of the scion and the stock, wrap the grafted part and tie it tightly.

2. The grafting method according to claim 1, characterized in that The ground diameter of the rootstock is 1 to 3 cm.

3. The grafting method according to claim 1, characterized in that The angle of the positive slope is 10° to 15°, and the angle of the negative slope is 1° to 5°.

4. The grafting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wrapping tool comprises aluminum foil, and the fastening tool comprises electrical tape.

5. The grafting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scion is taken from the outer branches of the semi-lignified or lignified crown.

6. A method for cultivating camellia grafted seedlings, characterized in that: The grafted seedlings obtained by the grafting method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are placed in a shaded environment for cultivation; the leaves of the grafted seedlings face the sun.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shading degree of the shading environment is 40% to 60%.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cultivation temperature is 24-30° C., and the humidity is 80%-90%.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The buds of the grafted seedlings face the same direction.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cultivation substrate includes red sandy soil, and the pH value of the red sandy soil is 5-6.

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