Yak breeding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a yak breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding. According to the breeding mode, the yaks in the three-month green grass period from June to August are grazed, the yaks in the three-month withering period from September to November are grazed and are fed with concentrated feed in a supplementary mode, and the yaks in the six-month hay period from December to May are bred in a barn feeding mode. The feed has very positive significance in increasing the weight of yaks, increasing the income of herdsmen, realizing balanced feeding and balanced slaughtering of yaks all year round and protecting the ecological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a yak breeding method. Background Art

[0002] Yaks are the only species of animals that can adapt to the high-cold climate and survive to this day. They are the most geographically distributed and limited livestock resource among the world's domesticated animals. To this day, yaks are still a primitive, closed breed with low growth performance. In high-cold areas, the grass growth cycle is short and the dry grass period is long, which causes yaks to grow slowly. Their body condition and weight gain follow the grass growth season, showing a vicious cycle of "strong in summer, fat in autumn, thin in winter, and dead in spring". The group reproduction rate is low, the turnover is slow, and the product commodity rate is not high.

[0003] The current yak farming model generally has a market age of 5-7 years old (market weight of about 300 kg). The long market cycle has seriously affected the rapid development of the yak industry, and at the same time has aggravated the carrying pressure of natural grasslands, further restricting the sustainability of the grazing farming model. This has led to an unreasonable herd structure, restricted scale development, overly concentrated market seasons, and low commodity rates. Currently, yak farming in Ganzi Prefecture is still dominated by the traditional grazing model, but with the continuous expansion of intensive yak farming, short-term fattening of yaks (4218 model) and full-house farming models have emerged one after another, and the concept of "grazing + supplementary feeding" has gradually been widely accepted by the majority of herders; the 4218 model refers to the transfer of yaks that grow to 4 years old and weigh about 200 kg to agricultural areas for fattening for 100 days, with a daily weight gain of 800 grams. This model only focuses on 4-year-old yaks and cannot constitute a complete yak farming method. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a yak breeding method, which solves the problem of slow yak marketing and low commercial rate.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a yak breeding method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Choose a place with an altitude of 4000-4500 meters, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with convenient transportation and sufficient water resources as the breeding site;

[0007] S2: Select 2-5-year-old yaks for natural grazing from June to August each year;

[0008] S3: Half grazing and half stall feeding from September to November each year;

[0009] S4: raised in full barn from December to May of the following year;

[0010] S3 is semi-grazing and semi-stalled, and the feed formula used is as follows by mass percentage: corn 60-65%, soybean meal 25-27%, slow-release urea 0.4%, sodium sulfate 0.7%, sodium chloride 0.7%, lysine 0.3%, methionine 0.2%, premix 3.8%, yeast culture 1%, hydrogenated palm oil 4% and small peptide 1%;

[0011] The feed formula used for S4 full-house feeding is as follows by mass percentage: corn 23-25%, cottonseed meal 4-6%, soybean meal 4%, sprayed corn husk 3%, DDGS 4%, wheat bran 5%, whole corn silage 30%, wheat straw 20%, additives 4.5% and premix 0.5%.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: an efficient breeding model of "3362" is proposed, that is, yaks are grazed in the green grass period of 3 months from June to August, yaks are grazed and supplemented with concentrated feed in the withered period of 3 months from September to November, and yaks are raised in sheds in the dry grass period of 6 months from December to May, so that yaks of any age from 2 to 5 years old can gain more than 200 kg in weight after 12 months. This model has a very positive significance for increasing the weight of yaks, increasing the income of herders, achieving balanced breeding and balanced market release of yaks throughout the year, and protecting the ecological environment; the addition of feed at different stages ensures the nutrition required for the normal growth of yaks, and at the same time, the mineral elements and salt substances in the feed additives can participate in various physiological metabolic processes in the yak, which helps to improve the utilization and conversion rate of feed, promote growth and development, and improve meat quality.

[0013] The addition of sodium sulfate can meet the yak's need for sulfur, while improving the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and other nutrients in the feed, promoting the synthesis and redox of sulfur-containing amino acids in the yak, and thus improving the utilization rate of feed protein and other nutrients; lysine can promote the receptor activity of immune cells in the yak and enhance the immune function. It is one of the essential components for muscle synthesis in the yak. ​​Methionine is another essential amino acid that can promote protein synthesis and thus promote the growth and development of the yak; the addition of yeast culture can improve the intestinal function of the yak, enhance immunity, and promote the growth and development of the yak; hydrogenated palm oil contains high calories and can be used as an energy source in yak feed, and has good fluidity and stability, which can improve the texture and taste of the feed and improve the palatability of the feed; it can significantly increase the growth rate and weight of the yak by promoting protein synthesis and muscle growth, and can improve the digestion and absorption function of the yak, improve the utilization rate of the feed, and can also increase the collagen content in the muscle and reduce the fat content in the meat, greatly improving the quality of the yak meat.

[0014] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0015] Furthermore, the additive is a mixture of sugarcane molasses, stone powder, Bacillus subtilis, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium chloride, slow-release urea, antioxidants and mildew inhibitors.

[0016] Furthermore, the mass ratio of sugarcane molasses, stone powder, Bacillus subtilis, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, slow-release urea, antioxidant and mildew inhibitor is 10:12:5:17:6:2:0.1:3:0.2:0.3.

[0017] Furthermore, the antioxidant is beta-carotene, and the antifungal agent is sorbic acid, sodium benzoate or sodium propionate.

[0018] The beneficial effects of adopting the further technical scheme are as follows: sugarcane molasses can improve the palatability and nutritional value of feed, promote digestion and absorption, improve feed quality and reduce feed cost; stone powder, as a natural mineral, contains a variety of trace elements such as iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, etc. The appropriate addition of stone powder can promote the growth and development of yaks, improve immunity and prevent the occurrence of diseases; Bacillus subtilis can quickly consume free oxygen in the intestinal environment, create favorable conditions for the growth of anaerobic probiotics, and effectively regulate the microecological balance of the intestine. Moreover, during the growth and reproduction process, Bacillus subtilis can secrete a variety of enzymes, which improves the activity of animal digestive enzymes, thereby improving the utilization rate of feed; sodium bicarbonate is alkaline, which can help neutralize gastric acid, improve the digestive environment of yaks, and contribute to the activity of digestive enzymes, thereby promoting the absorption of nutrients. ; Magnesium chloride can enhance the physique of yaks by promoting the absorption and utilization of minerals, thereby improving their disease resistance and immunity, reducing the occurrence of diseases, increasing body weight, increasing growth rate and improving meat quality, which helps to improve the overall production performance and economic value of yaks; slow-release urea, as a simple non-protein nitrogen-containing compound, can not only provide yaks with a non-protein nitrogen source, but also promote the production of bacterial protein by synchronizing the release rate of ammonia in the rumen with bacterial utilization, thereby improving the utilization rate of feed; the addition of antioxidants can prevent feed oxidation and deterioration, and can protect the cells and tissues in the yak's body from the effects of oxidation, helping to maintain its normal physiological functions, thereby promoting growth and development; antifungal agents can inhibit the growth and reproduction of mold, thereby preventing feed from moldy and deteriorating, protecting the health of yaks and improving feed utilization.

[0019] Furthermore, the premix contains per kilogram: vitamin A 9000000 IU, vitamin D 900000 IU, vitamin E 45000 IU, niacinamide 18000 mg, copper 26 mg, iron 60 mg, manganese 60 mg, zinc 138 mg, iodine 1.2 mg, selenium 0.5 mg and cobalt 1 mg.

[0020] The beneficial effects of adopting the further technical scheme are as follows: the premix adds a variety of nutrients, which can not only improve the nutritional value of the feed, but also enhance its taste, mouthfeel and aroma, improve the appetite of animals, and promote food digestion and absorption, thereby achieving the effect of improving the production performance of animals. Moreover, the premix contains antioxidant ingredients, which can effectively delay the generation of free radicals in the animal body, protect the cells in the animal body from oxidative damage, reduce its oxidative stress response, improve the body's immunity, and enhance its body's disease resistance.

[0021] Furthermore, the average daily feed intake for each yak in semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding is 1.5 kg.

[0022] Furthermore, the average daily feed intake for each yak in full-house feeding is 4 to 5 kg.

[0023] The beneficial effects of adopting further technical solutions are: ensuring the nutrition required for the normal growth of yaks, improving the production performance of yaks, enhancing the body's immunity, improving reproductive performance and reducing breeding costs, which can ensure the health and production efficiency of yaks and provide economic value.

[0024] Furthermore, the temperature of the semi-grazing and semi-stalled feed feeding and the fully-stalled feeding is 5 to 13°C.

[0025] The beneficial effect of adopting further technical solutions is that suitable feeding temperatures help yaks maintain normal physiological functions, without consuming too much energy to cope with cold or high temperature environments, which helps yaks use more energy for production performance such as growth and development. Moreover, at suitable feeding temperatures, the digestive enzyme activity of yaks is higher, and they can more effectively digest and absorb nutrients in feed. At the same time, at suitable feeding temperatures, yaks can reduce stress responses caused by temperature changes and improve their production efficiency.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: under the 3362 breeding model, the average weight gain of yaks aged 2 to 5 is 202, 219, 230 and 248 kg respectively, and the average weight gain can reach 224 kg. The weight gain rate is much higher than that of grazing yaks of the same age. The excellent product commodity rate under this breeding model can provide huge economic value for farmers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of the weight gain of 2-year-old yaks under the "3362" mode and the full grazing mode;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the weight gain of 3-year-old yaks under the "3362" mode and the full grazing mode;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the weight gain of 4-year-old yaks under the "3362" mode and the full grazing mode;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the average weight gain of 2-4 year old yaks under the "3362" mode and the full grazing mode; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A yak breeding method comprises the following steps:

[0034] S1: The Litang (Huoqu) Dahebian Ranch at an altitude of 4,300 meters was selected as the experimental base;

[0035] S2: From June to August, 10 yaks aged 2 were selected for natural grazing;

[0036] S3: From September to November, the yaks were semi-grazed and semi-housed. The semi-housed pens were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. as the experimental base, with the temperature set at 9°C. Each yak was fed 1.5 kg of feed per day.

[0037] S4: From December to May of the following year, the yaks were fully housed. The pens during the full house feeding were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. The temperature was set at 5°C, and each yak was fed 4kg of feed per day.

[0038] The feed formula used for S3 semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding is as follows by mass percentage: corn 62%, soybean meal 26%, slow-release urea 0.4%, sodium sulfate 0.7%, sodium chloride 0.7%, lysine 0.3%, methionine 0.2%, premix 3.7%, yeast culture (Bulazyme P10) 1%, hydrogenated palm oil 4% and small peptide 1%;

[0039] The feed formula used for S4 full-house feeding is as follows by mass percentage: corn 24%, cottonseed meal 5%, soybean meal 4%, sprayed corn husk 3%, DDGS (dry distiller's grains and solubles) 4%, wheat bran 5%, whole corn silage 30%, wheat straw 20%, additives 4.5% and premix 0.5%;

[0040] The additives are a mixture of sugarcane molasses, stone powder, Bacillus subtilis, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium chloride, slow-release urea, beta-carotene and sorbic acid, with a mass ratio of 10:12:5:17:6:2:0.1:3:0.2:0.3; each kilogram of the premix contains: vitamin A 9000000 IU, vitamin D 900000 IU, vitamin E 45000 IU, niacinamide 18000 mg, copper 26 mg, iron 60 mg, manganese 60 mg, zinc 138 mg, iodine 1.2 mg, selenium 0.5 mg and cobalt 1 mg.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A yak breeding method comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1: The Litang (Huoqu) Dahebian Ranch at an altitude of 4,300 meters was selected as the experimental base;

[0044] S2: From June to August, 10 yaks aged 3 were selected for natural grazing;

[0045] S3: From September to November, the yaks were semi-grazed and semi-housed. The semi-housed pens were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. as the experimental base, with the temperature set at 13°C. Each yak was fed 1.5 kg of feed per day.

[0046] S4: From December to May of the following year, the yaks were fully housed. The pens during the full house feeding were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. The temperature was set at 5°C, and each yak was fed 4kg of feed per day.

[0047] The feed formula used for S3 semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding is as follows by mass percentage: corn 60%, soybean meal 28%, slow-release urea 0.4%, sodium sulfate 0.7%, sodium chloride 0.7%, lysine 0.3%, methionine 0.2%, premix 3.7%, yeast culture (Bulazyme P10) 1%, hydrogenated palm oil 4% and small peptide 1%;

[0048] The feed formula used for S4 full-house feeding is as follows by mass percentage: corn 23%, cottonseed meal 6%, soybean meal 4%, sprayed corn husk 3%, DDGS (dry distiller's grains and solubles) 4%, wheat bran 5%, whole corn silage 30%, wheat straw 20%, additives 4.5% and premix 0.5%;

[0049] The additives are a mixture of sugarcane molasses, stone powder, Bacillus subtilis, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium chloride, slow-release urea, beta-carotene and sodium benzoate, with a mass ratio of 10:12:5:17:6:2:0.1:3:0.2:0.3; each kilogram of the premix contains: vitamin A 9000000 IU, vitamin D 900000 IU, vitamin E 45000 IU, niacinamide 18000 mg, copper 26 mg, iron 60 mg, manganese 60 mg, zinc 138 mg, iodine 1.2 mg, selenium 0.5 mg and cobalt 1 mg.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] A yak breeding method comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1: The Litang (Huoqu) Dahebian Ranch at an altitude of 4,300 meters was selected as the experimental base;

[0053] S2: From June to August, 10 yaks aged 4 were selected for natural grazing;

[0054] S3: From September to November, the yaks were semi-grazed and semi-housed. The semi-housed pens were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. as the experimental base, with the temperature set at 13°C. Each yak was fed 1.5 kg of feed per day.

[0055] S4: From December to May of the following year, the yaks were fully housed. The pens during the full house feeding were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. The temperature was set at 5°C, and each yak was fed 4kg of feed per day.

[0056] The feed formula used for S3 semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding is as follows by mass percentage: corn 65%, soybean meal 23%, slow-release urea 0.4%, sodium sulfate 0.7%, sodium chloride 0.7%, lysine 0.3%, methionine 0.2%, premix 3.7%, yeast culture (Bulazyme P10) 1%, hydrogenated palm oil 4% and small peptide 1%;

[0057] The feed formula used for S4 full-house feeding is as follows by mass percentage: corn 25%, cottonseed meal 4%, soybean meal 4%, sprayed corn husk 3%, DDGS (dry distiller's grains and solubles) 4%, wheat bran 5%, whole corn silage 30%, wheat straw 20%, additives 4.5% and premix 0.5%;

[0058] The additives are a mixture of sugarcane molasses, stone powder, Bacillus subtilis, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium chloride, slow-release urea, beta-carotene and sodium propionate, with a mass ratio of 10:12:5:17:6:2:0.1:3:0.2:0.3; each kilogram of the premix contains: vitamin A 9000000 IU, vitamin D 900000 IU, vitamin E 45000 IU, niacinamide 18000 mg, copper 26 mg, iron 60 mg, manganese 60 mg, zinc 138 mg, iodine 1.2 mg, selenium 0.5 mg and cobalt 1 mg.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] A yak breeding method comprises the following steps:

[0061] S1: The Litang (Huoqu) Dahebian Ranch at an altitude of 4,300 meters was selected as the experimental base;

[0062] S2: From June to August, 10 yaks aged 5 were selected for natural grazing;

[0063] S3: From September to November, the yaks were semi-grazed and semi-housed. The semi-housed pens were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. as the experimental base, with the temperature set at 9°C. Each yak was fed 1.5 kg of feed per day.

[0064] S4: From December to May of the following year, the yaks were fully housed. The pens during the full house feeding were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. The temperature was set at 5°C, and each yak was fed 4kg of feed per day.

[0065] The feed formula used for S3 semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding is as follows by mass percentage: corn 62%, soybean meal 26%, slow-release urea 0.4%, sodium sulfate 0.7%, sodium chloride 0.7%, lysine 0.3%, methionine 0.2%, premix 3.7%, yeast culture 1%, hydrogenated palm oil 4% and small peptide 1%;

[0066] The feed formula used for S4 full-house feeding is as follows by mass percentage: corn 24%, cottonseed meal 5%, soybean meal 4%, sprayed corn husk 3%, DDGS (dry distiller's grains and solubles) 4%, wheat bran 5%, whole corn silage 30%, wheat straw 20%, additives 4.5% and premix 0.5%;

[0067] The additives are a mixture of sugarcane molasses, stone powder, Bacillus subtilis, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium chloride, slow-release urea, beta-carotene and sorbic acid, with a mass ratio of 10:12:5:17:6:2:0.1:3:0.2:0.3; each kilogram of the premix contains: vitamin A 9000000 IU, vitamin D 900000 IU, vitamin E 45000 IU, niacinamide 18000 mg, copper 26 mg, iron 60 mg, manganese 60 mg, zinc 138 mg, iodine 1.2 mg, selenium 0.5 mg and cobalt 1 mg.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] A yak breeding method comprises the following steps:

[0070] S1: Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. at an altitude of 4,000 meters was selected as the test base, and the temperature was set to 9°C;

[0071] S2: From June to May of the following year, 10 2-year-old yaks were selected for full house feeding, with each yak fed 4 kg of feed per day;

[0072] The feed formula used for whole-house feeding is as follows by mass percentage: corn 24%, cottonseed meal 5%, soybean meal 4%, sprayed corn husk 3%, DDGS (dry distiller's grains and solubles) 4%, wheat bran 5%, whole corn silage 30%, wheat straw 20%, additives 4.5% and premix 0.5%;

[0073] The additives are a mixture of sugarcane molasses, stone powder, Bacillus subtilis, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium chloride, slow-release urea, beta-carotene and sorbic acid, with a mass ratio of 10:12:5:17:6:2:0.1:3:0.2:0.3; each kilogram of the premix contains: vitamin A 9000000 IU, vitamin D 900000 IU, vitamin E 45000 IU, niacinamide 18000 mg, copper 26 mg, iron 60 mg, manganese 60 mg, zinc 138 mg, iodine 1.2 mg, selenium 0.5 mg and cobalt 1 mg.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] The Litang (Huoqu) Dahebian Ranch at an altitude of 4,300 meters was used as the experimental base. From June to May of the following year, 10 two-year-old yaks were selected for natural grazing.

[0076] Comparative Example 3

[0077] The Litang (Huoqu) Dahebian Ranch at an altitude of 4,300 meters was used as the experimental base. From June to May of the following year, 10 three-year-old yaks were selected for natural grazing.

[0078] Comparative Example 4

[0079] The Litang (Huoqu) riverside pasture at an altitude of 4,300 meters was used as the experimental base. From June to May of the following year, 10 yaks aged four were selected for natural grazing.

[0080] Comparative Example 5

[0081] The Litang (Huoqu) Dahebian Ranch at an altitude of 4,300 meters was used as the experimental base. From June to May of the following year, 10 yaks aged five were selected for natural grazing.

[0082] Comparative Example 6

[0083] A yak breeding method comprises the following steps:

[0084] S1: The Litang (Huoqu) Dahebian Ranch at an altitude of 4,300 meters was selected as the experimental base;

[0085] S2: From June to August, 10 yaks aged 2 were selected for natural grazing;

[0086] S3: From September to November, the yaks were semi-grazed and semi-housed. The semi-housed pens were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. as the experimental base, with the temperature set at 9°C. Each yak was fed 1.5 kg of feed per day.

[0087] S4: From December to May of the following year, the yaks were fully housed. The pens during the full house feeding were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. The temperature was set at 5°C, and each yak was fed 4kg of feed per day.

[0088] The feed formula (basic formula) used for S3 semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding and S4 full-stalled feeding is as follows: 30% whole corn silage, 27% alfalfa hay, 17% corn, 12% wheat bran, 5% cottonseed meal, 1% calcium bicarbonate, 4% DDGS (dry distiller's grains and solubles), 1.5% stone powder and 0.5% salt by mass percentage.

[0089] Comparative Example 7

[0090] A yak breeding method comprises the following steps:

[0091] S1: The Litang (Huoqu) Dahebian Ranch at an altitude of 4,300 meters was selected as the experimental base;

[0092] S2: From June to August, 10 yaks aged 3 were selected for natural grazing;

[0093] S3: From September to November, the yaks were semi-grazed and semi-housed. The semi-housed pens were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. as the experimental base, with the temperature set at 9°C. Each yak was fed 1.5 kg of feed per day.

[0094] S4: From December to May of the following year, the yaks were fully housed. The pens during the full house feeding were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. The temperature was set at 5°C, and each yak was fed 4kg of feed per day.

[0095] The feed formula (basic formula) used for S3 semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding and S4 full-stalled feeding is as follows: 30% whole corn silage, 27% alfalfa hay, 17% corn, 12% wheat bran, 5% cottonseed meal, 1% calcium bicarbonate, 4% DDGS (dry distiller's grains and solubles), 1.5% stone powder and 0.5% salt by mass percentage.

[0096] Comparative Example 8

[0097] A yak breeding method comprises the following steps:

[0098] S1: The Litang (Huoqu) Dahebian Ranch at an altitude of 4,300 meters was selected as the experimental base;

[0099] S2: From June to August, 10 yaks aged 4 were selected for natural grazing;

[0100] S3: From September to November, the yaks were semi-grazed and semi-housed. The semi-housed pens were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. as the experimental base, with the temperature set at 9°C. Each yak was fed 1.5 kg of feed per day.

[0101] S4: From December to May of the following year, the yaks were fully housed. The pens during the full house feeding were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. The temperature was set at 5°C, and each yak was fed 4kg of feed per day.

[0102] The feed formula (basic formula) used for S3 semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding and S4 full-stalled feeding is as follows: 30% whole corn silage, 27% alfalfa hay, 17% corn, 12% wheat bran, 5% cottonseed meal, 1% calcium bicarbonate, 4% DDGS (dry distiller's grains and solubles), 1.5% stone powder and 0.5% salt by mass percentage.

[0103] Comparative Example 9

[0104] A yak breeding method comprises the following steps:

[0105] S1: The Litang (Huoqu) Dahebian Ranch at an altitude of 4,300 meters was selected as the experimental base;

[0106] S2: From June to August, 10 yaks aged 5 were selected for natural grazing;

[0107] S3: From September to November, the yaks were semi-grazed and semi-housed. The semi-housed pens were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. as the experimental base, with the temperature set at 9°C. Each yak was fed 1.5 kg of feed per day.

[0108] S4: From December to May of the following year, the yaks were fully housed. The pens during the full house feeding were set at Litang Zangyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. The temperature was set at 5°C, and each yak was fed 4kg of feed per day.

[0109] The feed formula (basic formula) used for S3 semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding and S4 full-stalled feeding is as follows: 30% whole corn silage, 27% alfalfa hay, 17% corn, 12% wheat bran, 5% cottonseed meal, 1% calcium bicarbonate, 4% DDGS (dry distiller's grains and solubles), 1.5% stone powder and 0.5% salt by mass percentage.

[0110] Experimental Example 1

[0111] The growth of yaks raised in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 from June to August was statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from the table, the weight gain of yaks from June to August under house feeding and grazing conditions is basically the same, indicating that the nutrition of forage from June to August can meet the growth needs of yaks.

[0112] Table 1 Comparison of weight gain from June to August

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] Experimental Example 2

[0116] The growth of yaks raised in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 from September to November was statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 2. The grazing + supplementary feeding feeding mode of Examples 1 to 4 can increase the average daily weight gain of yaks of all ages to 701 g, which is basically close to the weight gain level of June to August, and the weight gain level far exceeds the full grazing mode of Comparative Examples 2 to 5.

[0117] Table 2 Comparison of weight gain from September to November

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] Experimental Example 3

[0121] The growth of yaks raised in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 from December to May of the following year was statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 3. The results show that the yaks of Comparative Examples 2 to 5 grazing in the cold season lose weight seriously, while the average daily weight gain of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 raised in a shed is more than 500 grams. The cold season shed yaks gain about 140 kg more weight than the grazing yaks of the same age, achieving better results.

[0122] Table 3 Comparison of weight gain from December to May of the following year

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] Experimental Example 4

[0126] Comparison of weight gain between grazing yaks of different ages and the breeding method (3362 model) of the present invention: 20 yaks aged 2 to 4 years old were divided into 2 groups, one group adopted the breeding method (3362 model) of the present invention, and the other group adopted the year-round grazing model. The weight was counted every month. The results are as follows Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, compared with yaks that graze all year round, yaks of all ages that adopt the 3662 model gain more than 200 kg. The annual weight gain of 2-year-old yaks is 202 kg, 168 kg more than yaks of the same age that graze; the annual weight gain of 3-year-old yaks is 219 kg, 191 kg more than yaks of the same age that graze; the annual weight gain of 4-year-old yaks is 230 kg, 201 kg more than yaks of the same age that graze.

[0127] Experimental Example 5

[0128] Comparison of average weight gain between grazing yaks of different ages and the breeding method (3362 model) of the present invention: The average results of experimental example 4 are statistically analyzed. Figure 4 As shown, the average weight gain of yaks using the 3362 model was 217 kg, 186 kg more than that of grazing yaks.

[0129] Experimental Example 6

[0130] The growth of yaks raised in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 6 to 9 was statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 4. The average weight gain of yaks raised in Examples 1 to 4 was 224 kg, and the average weight gain of yaks raised in Comparative Examples 6 to 9 was 202 kg, indicating that the breeding method (3362 model) of the present invention can achieve greater weight gain than the breeding method using basic feed.

[0131] Table 4 Growth comparison statistics

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] In summary, the breeding method (3362 model) of the present invention enables yaks of any age from 2 to 5 years old to gain more than 200 kg in weight after 12 months. This model has a very positive significance for increasing the weight gain of yaks, improving the income of herders, achieving balanced feeding and balanced marketing of yaks throughout the year, and protecting the ecological environment.

[0135] Although the specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments, it should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Within the scope described in the claims, various modifications and variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A yak breeding method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Choose a place with an altitude of 4000-4500 meters, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with convenient transportation and sufficient water resources as the breeding site; S2: Select 2-5-year-old yaks for natural grazing from June to August each year; S3: Half grazing and half stall feeding from September to November each year; S4: raised in full barn from December to May of the following year; The feed formula used in the semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding in S3 includes, by mass percentage, 60-65% corn, 23-28% soybean meal, 0.4% slow-release urea, 0.7% sodium sulfate, 0.7% sodium chloride, 0.3% lysine, 0.2% methionine, 3.7% premix, 1% yeast culture, 4% hydrogenated palm oil and 1% small peptide; The feed formula used for the whole-house feeding described in S4 includes, by mass percentage, 23-25% corn, 4-6% cottonseed meal, 4% soybean meal, 3% sprayed corn husk, 4% DDGS, 5% wheat bran, 30% whole corn silage, 20% wheat straw, 4.5% additives and 0.5% premix.

2. The yak breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additive is a mixture of sugarcane molasses, stone powder, bacillus subtilis, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, calcium bicarbonate, magnesium chloride, slow-release urea, antioxidant and mildew preventer.

3. The yak breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the sugarcane molasses, stone powder, Bacillus subtilis, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, slow-release urea, antioxidant and mildew inhibitor is 10:12:5:17:6:2:0.1:3:0.2:0.

3.

4. The yak breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The antioxidant is beta-carotene, and the antifungal agent is sorbic acid, sodium benzoate or sodium propionate.

5. The yak breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix contains per kilogram: 9000000 IU of vitamin A, 900000 IU of vitamin D, 45000 IU of vitamin E, 18000 mg of nicotinamide, 26 mg of copper, 60 mg of iron, 60 mg of manganese, 138 mg of zinc, 1.2 mg of iodine, 0.5 mg of selenium and 1 mg of cobalt.

6. The yak breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average daily feed intake for each yak in the semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding described in S3 is 1.5 kg.

7. The yak breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average daily feed intake per yak in the full-house feeding temperature described in S4 is 4 to 5 kg.

8. The yak breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-grazing and semi-stalled feeding in S3 and the fully-stalled feeding in S4 are carried out at a temperature of 5 to 13°C.

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