Method for increasing crude protein content of feed corn silage

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for increasing the crude protein content of feed corn silage, and belongs to the technical field of feed processing. The method comprises the following steps: S1, raw material selection: cutting fresh Tibetan feed corn with proper maturity; and S2, cutting the Tibetan feed corn cut in the step S1 to 2-3cm, uniformly mixing the cut Tibetan feed corn with an additive, and loading the mixture into a silage silo for sealed storage and fermentation. The invention discloses a method for increasing the crude protein content of silage for feed corn, which increases the crude protein content of the silage and improves the nutritional value of the silage through scientific proportioning and fermentation technology, and adapts to the special requirements of animal husbandry in high altitude areas, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the local animal husbandry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and in particular relates to a method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding. Background Art

[0002] In animal husbandry, the quality and nutritional value of feed are crucial to the production performance and health of animals. Silage, as an important source of feed, is widely used because of its long-term preservation and high nutritional value. Especially in high-altitude areas such as Tibet, due to the special geographical location and climatic conditions, natural forage resources are relatively scarce. Factors such as the short growing season and changeable climate have led to low utilization of forage resources, which has seriously restricted the high-quality development of local animal husbandry. In winter and spring, livestock often face the problem of feed shortage, and traditional silage methods often fail to meet the needs of ruminants for high-quality feed, especially in terms of protein and energy content.

[0003] As an important feed crop, corn for feed in Tibet is widely planted and its annual output increases year by year. However, the crude protein content of silage produced from corn for feed is low and cannot meet the crude protein demand of herbivorous livestock for growth and development. In addition, the nutritional value of corn silage alone is limited, especially in crude protein content, which limits its wide application in animal husbandry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding. The method increases the crude protein content of silage through scientific proportioning and fermentation technology, improves the nutritional value of silage, adapts to the special needs of animal husbandry in high-altitude areas, and further promotes the sustainable development of local animal husbandry.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Raw material selection: freshly cut Tibetan feed corn of suitable maturity;

[0008] S2, cutting the Tibetan fodder corn cut in step S1 into pieces of 2-3 cm, mixing them evenly with feed additives, and storing them in a silo for sealed fermentation.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the feed additive is selected from one or both of a composite lactic acid bacteria preparation or soybean meal.

[0010] Preferably, the addition amount of the composite lactic acid bacteria preparation is 1×10 6 CFU·g -1, measured by fresh weight of raw materials.

[0011] Preferably, the composite lactic acid bacteria preparation consists of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi, wherein the mixing ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi is 1:1:1.

[0012] Preferably, the soybean meal is added in an amount of 10%-20% based on the fresh weight of the raw material.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the silo fermentation conditions are: fermentation temperature is 20-30° C., and fermentation time is 30-60 days.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0015] The present invention discloses a method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding, wherein Tibetan feed corn is mixed with soybean meal and a composite lactic acid bacteria preparation to prepare silage, which significantly increases the crude protein content of silage, satisfies the demand for protein of livestock, and promotes their growth and development. This method not only increases the utilization rate of feed and reduces the feeding cost, but also reduces the loss and pollution in the silage process due to its simple, easy, cost-effective and environmentally friendly characteristics. In addition, the present invention provides a method for efficiently utilizing local feed corn for high altitude areas such as Tibet, improves the utilization efficiency of feed corn, and promotes the sustainable development of local grassland animal husbandry. The technical solution of the present invention has broad application prospects and market potential, and is not only applicable to the Tibet region, but can also be extended to other regions and different types of silage production, which is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of regional and even global animal husbandry.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0019] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, other test materials and instruments and equipment are conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0020] Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus bushi were purchased from Gansu Punuobeikang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0021] Embodiment 1 This embodiment provides a method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding, comprising the following steps:

[0022] S1. Raw material selection: freshly cut Tibetan feed corn of suitable maturity;

[0023] S2, cut the Tibetan feed corn cut in step S1 into 2-3 cm, and mix it evenly with soybean meal, wherein the addition amount of soybean meal is 10%, based on fresh weight. Weigh 3 portions of 1000 g, respectively, put them into 40*70 cm polyethylene bags, evacuate and seal them with a vacuum packaging machine (DZD-400, Nanjing Aomitai Technology Co., Ltd.), and store them in a silo at 30° C. away from light for fermentation for 15, 30, and 60 days respectively.

[0024] Example 2 This example provides a method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the amount of soybean meal added is 15%.

[0025] Example 3 This example provides a method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the amount of soybean meal added is 20%.

[0026] Example 4 This example provides a method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the soybean meal is added in an amount of 10%, and a composite lactic acid bacteria preparation (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi) is also added in an amount of 1×10 6 CFU·g -1 , all based on fresh weight.

[0027] Example 5 This example provides a method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the soybean meal is added in an amount of 15%, and a composite lactic acid bacteria preparation (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi) is added in an amount of 1×10 6 CFU·g -1 , all based on fresh weight.

[0028] Example 6 This example provides a method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the soybean meal is added in an amount of 20%, and a composite lactic acid bacteria preparation (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi) is also added in an amount of 1×10 6 CFU·g -1 , all based on fresh weight.

[0029] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that soybean meal and composite lactic acid bacteria preparation are not added.

[0030] The effects of the mixed silage provided in the above embodiments and comparative examples were verified through the following experiments.

[0031] Chemical composition analysis:

[0032] The silo was opened on the 15th, 30th and 60th days of silage, and all the silage was taken out. After being fully mixed, 50g of sample was weighed in a 250mL conical flask by quartering method, and 150g of deionized water was added. After leaching at 4℃ for 24h, it was filtered with 2 layers of gauze and qualitative filter paper. The obtained liquid was the extract. The extract was placed in a -20℃ refrigerator for testing. The measured indicators were pH value, organic acid, and ammonia nitrogen (AN). Another 10g sample was weighed and placed in a 250mL conical flask, 90mL of sterile saline was added, and the conical flask was placed on a shaker for 45min at a speed of 120rpm. 1mL of the liquid in the conical flask was taken for continuous dilution and used for microbial counting. The remaining liquid was filtered with 4 layers of gauze and stored in a -20℃ refrigerator for DNA extraction. The remaining silage was collected and weighed, and dried in a 65℃ oven to constant weight (>60h). The dried sample was taken out and cooled in a dryer for 30min, and the dry matter (DM) content was measured. The dried sample was crushed through a 1mm sieve and the crude protein (CP), total nitrogen (TN), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were measured.

[0033] The pH value of the sample extract was measured using a pH 211 precision pH meter (HANNA, Italy).

[0034] The total nitrogen content in the sample was determined using a Kjeltec TM2300 fully automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer (Foss, Denmark). The crude protein content was calculated by multiplying the total nitrogen content by 6.25.

[0035] Ammoniacal nitrogen content was determined by the phenol-hypochlorite method.

[0036] Agilent 1260 high performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, Germany, equipped with a differential detector and Carbomix H-NP5 column, mobile phase: 2.5 mmol / L H2SO4; flow rate: 0.5 mL / min; temperature: 55°C; Sabin Technologies, USA) was used to determine the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and ethanol.

[0037] Neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were measured using ANKOM 200 fiber analyzer (ANKOM Technology Company, USA).

[0038] The water-soluble carbohydrate content was determined by the anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method.

[0039] The buffering capacity of fresh forage was determined by hydrochloric acid-sodium hydroxide titration.

[0040] The plate culture method was used to count the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic bacteria (Aerobicbacteria) and yeast. Lactic acid bacteria were counted after 48 h of culturing in a constant temperature incubator at 37℃ under anaerobic conditions using MRS (deMan-Rogosa-Sharpe) agar medium; aerobic bacteria were counted after 48 h of culturing in a constant temperature incubator at 30℃ under aerobic conditions using Nutrient agar medium (NA); yeast and mold were counted after 48 h and 72 h of culturing in a constant temperature incubator at 30℃ under aerobic conditions using Potato dextrose agar (PDA). Microbial data were converted into logarithmic form (lg) by colony-forming unit (CFU) and expressed on the basis of fresh weight (FW) (g kg FW).

[0041] The test results are as follows:

[0042] Table 1 Chemical composition and microbial composition of feed corn

[0043]

[0044] Note: FW, fresh weight; DM, dry matter; lg, logarithm with base ten; CFU, colony forming unit.

[0045] As shown in Table 1, the dry matter content of feed corn is 221.72 g kg -1 FW, crude protein content is 56.63 g kg -1 DM, water-soluble carbohydrate content is 112.70 g kg -1 The contents of DM, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were 466.29 and 197.29 g·kg, respectively. -1 DM. The number of lactic acid bacteria attached to the surface is 7.09 lg CFU g -1 The number of FW, yeast and aerobic bacteria were 8.28 lg CFU·g -1 FW and 7.04lg CFU·g -1 FW.

[0046] Table 2 Effects of adding soybean meal and lactic acid bacteria on dry matter content and chemical composition of corn silage

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Note: Capital letters indicate significant differences among different silage days in the same treatment (P<0.05), and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same silage days (P<0.05).

[0050] As shown in Table 2, additives and silage days have significant effects on the dry matter and ammonia nitrogen content during the silage process of corn forage, additives have significant effects on the water-soluble carbohydrate content, and additives, silage days and the interaction between the two have significant effects on the crude protein content. During the silage process, the dry matter content of Examples 1-6 was significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1. With the increase of the proportion of soybean meal, the dry matter content increased significantly, and the dry matter content of Examples 3 and 6 was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups. During the entire silage process, the water-soluble carbohydrate content gradually decreased, and the water-soluble carbohydrate content of the additive group was significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, among which Examples 3 and 6 were the highest. With the extension of the silage days, the crude protein content gradually decreased and reached the lowest on the 60th day of silage. The crude protein content of the additive group was significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, and with the increase of the proportion of soybean meal addition, the crude protein content increased significantly, among which Examples 3 and 6 were significantly higher than other treatment groups, and the soybean meal and lactic acid bacteria combined addition group was slightly higher than the soybean meal alone addition group. During the entire silage process, the ammonia nitrogen content gradually increased and reached the highest on the 60th day of silage. The ammoniacal nitrogen content of Examples 1-6 was significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1, but there was no significant difference between the addition groups.

[0051] Table 3 Effects of adding soybean meal and lactic acid bacteria on pH and organic acid content during corn silage

[0052]

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] Note: Capital letters indicate significant differences among different silage days in the same treatment (P<0.05), and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same silage days (P<0.05).

[0056] As shown in Table 3, additives and silage days have significant effects on pH, lactic acid and acetic acid content during silage of feed corn, and additives, silage days and their interaction have significant effects on propionic acid and ethanol content. As the silage days increase, the pH gradually decreases, and the pH of the additive group is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1, among which the pH of Example 6 is the lowest. During the silage process, the lactic acid content gradually increases, and the lactic acid content of Examples 1-6 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, among which Examples 5 and 6 are higher than other additive groups. The acetic acid content gradually increases with the extension of silage time, and the acetic acid content of Examples 1-6 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1. As the proportion of soybean meal increases, the acetic acid content gradually decreases, among which Example 3 and Example 6 are lower than other additive groups. During the silage process, the propionic acid content shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the additive group is significantly lower than Comparative Example 1, among which the propionic acid content of Example 5 is the lowest. As the silage days increase, the ethanol content of each group shows a downward trend. The ethanol content of Examples 1-6 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1, among which the ethanol content of the 20% SL group is the lowest.

[0057] Table 4 Effects of adding soybean meal and lactic acid bacteria on the number of microorganisms in the process of corn silage

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Note: Capital letters indicate significant differences among different silage days in the same treatment (P<0.05), and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same silage days (P<0.05).

[0061] As can be seen from Table 4, additives and silage days have a significant effect on the number of lactic acid bacteria during the silage process of corn forage, and additives, silage days and the interaction between the two have a significant effect on the number of yeast and aerobic bacteria. After 15 days of silage, the number of lactic acid bacteria gradually decreased with the extension of the silage days. The number of lactic acid bacteria in Examples 1-6 was significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 1. As the proportion of soybean meal added increased, the number of lactic acid bacteria gradually increased. During the entire silage process, the number of yeast and aerobic bacteria gradually decreased, reaching the lowest on the 60th day of silage, and the number of aerobic bacteria in each group was lower than the detection level. The number of yeast and aerobic bacteria in Examples 1-6 was significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 1. As the proportion of soybean meal increased, the number of yeast and aerobic bacteria gradually decreased. The group with combined addition of soybean meal and lactic acid bacteria was significantly lower than the group with single addition of soybean meal, among which the number of yeast and aerobic bacteria in Example 6 was the lowest.

[0062] In summary, compared with Comparative Example 1, the pH, ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid and ethanol contents of Examples 1-6 were significantly reduced, and the lactic acid content was significantly increased. Among them, the pH, ammonia nitrogen and ethanol contents of Example 6 were the lowest, and the lactic acid content was significantly higher than that of the other additive treatment groups. With the increase in the proportion of soybean meal added, the crude protein content gradually increased, and the crude protein content of Examples 3 and 6 was significantly higher than that of the other additive groups. In summary, when the proportion of soybean meal added was 20%, the crude protein content was the highest and the nutritional value was the best. On this basis, adding lactic acid bacteria can further improve the quality of silage fermentation.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Raw material selection: freshly cut Tibetan feed corn of suitable maturity; S2, cutting the Tibetan fodder corn cut in step S1 into pieces of 2-3 cm, mixing them evenly with feed additives, and storing them in a silo for sealed fermentation.

2. A method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the feed additive is selected from one or both of a composite lactic acid bacteria preparation and soybean meal.

3. A method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding according to claim 2, characterized in that: The addition amount of the composite lactic acid bacteria preparation is 1×10 6 CFU·g -1 , measured by fresh weight of raw materials.

4. A method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composite lactic acid bacteria preparation consists of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi, wherein the mixing ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus bushi is 1:1:

1.

5. A method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding according to claim 2, characterized in that: The added amount of the soybean meal is 10%-20%, calculated on the fresh weight of the raw material.

6. A method for increasing the crude protein content of corn silage for feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the silo fermentation conditions are: fermentation temperature is 20-30°C, and fermentation time is 30-60 days.

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