A multi-media composite jet generator and a polar underwater jet ice-breaking method

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-media composite jet generator and a polar underwater jet ice-breaking method. It includes an outer nozzle for accelerating the ejection of gas and an inner nozzle for accelerating the ejection of a mixture of water and abrasive particles. The outer nozzle is coaxially fitted onto the inner nozzle so that the gas ejected from the outer nozzle surrounds the mixture ejected from the inner nozzle. By nesting the inner nozzle, which generates the mixture jet, within the outer nozzle, which generates the gas jet, the invention utilizes the gas jet generated by the outer nozzle to surround the liquid jet. This allows the gas jet to displace seawater, significantly reducing the resistance of the mixture jet and thus greatly increasing its target distance and terminal energy, thereby significantly improving the jet ice-breaking capability in underwater submerged environments. Furthermore, when the composite jet generated by the device acts on the ice with three media—gas, liquid, and solid abrasive particles—its ice-breaking effect is further improved compared to single-media ice-breaking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polar icebreaking technology, specifically to a jet generating device and a jet icebreaking method. Background Technology

[0002] The polar regions are a new area impacting human survival and development, as well as the sustainable development of the Earth. They are also a strategic high ground for future competition among major powers for interests and influence. Achieving polar navigation is a crucial issue that must be addressed to ensure the implementation of polar strategies. The key to this issue lies in the ability of ships to break through ice in ice-covered areas to create a sea route. To open up channels in ice-covered regions, various icebreakers and auxiliary icebreaking equipment have emerged. However, icebreakers consume a large amount of energy to break through the ice, especially when the ice is thick or contains a large amount of ice fragments, where icebreaking efficiency is greatly reduced. Therefore, a new technological method is needed in the field of icebreaking.

[0003] Waterjet technology, as a highly efficient energy transfer method, occupies a pivotal position in the industrial field due to its unique advantages. This technology utilizes the powerful impact force generated by accelerating high-pressure water jets to precisely and rapidly cut and crush materials. Especially when combined with waterjet containing abrasives such as quartz sand, the resulting abrasive waterjet can significantly improve cutting efficiency. Therefore, with the increasing development of waterjet technology, particularly in challenging tasks like ice breaking, the application of abrasive waterjet technology has received widespread research and attention.

[0004] However, icebreaking operations almost always occur in flooded environments. Pure water jets under flooded conditions are difficult to operate at long target distances. Existing jet generating devices, equipment, and methods are still limited to applications such as small target distances and cavitation, which cannot meet the growing practical needs. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign jet generating devices, equipment, and methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-media composite jet generating device and a polar underwater jet ice-breaking method to solve the technical problems of improving the target distance of the water jet and the ice-breaking capability of the jet.

[0006] The multi-media composite jet generator of the present invention includes an outer nozzle for accelerating the ejection of airflow and an inner nozzle for accelerating the ejection of a mixture of water and abrasive. The outer nozzle is coaxially sleeved on the inner nozzle so that the airflow ejected from the outer nozzle surrounds the mixture ejected from the inner nozzle.

[0007] Furthermore, the flow channel of the external nozzle used to accelerate the airflow is a tapered flow channel with a gradually decreasing diameter, or the flow channel of the external nozzle used to accelerate the airflow is a Laval flow channel.

[0008] Furthermore, the inner nozzle's flow channel for accelerating the mixed liquid flow is a gradually decreasing diameter flow channel, or the outer nozzle's flow channel for accelerating the mixed liquid flow is a Laval flow channel.

[0009] Furthermore, an air inlet is provided on the wall of the external nozzle.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner nozzle and the outer nozzle are connected by a threaded connection.

[0011] This invention also discloses a polar underwater jet ice-breaking method based on the above-mentioned multi-media composite jet generator, comprising:

[0012] The gas supply pipe is connected to the external nozzle, and the liquid supply pipe is connected to the internal nozzle. Gas is sent into the gas supply pipe by a gas booster pump. Water and abrasive are mixed evenly to form a mixture. The mixture is sent into the liquid supply pipe by a liquid booster pump. The gas is accelerated through the external nozzle and ejected to form a gas jet. The mixture is accelerated through the internal nozzle and ejected to form a mixture jet. The gas jet surrounds the outside of the mixture jet. The gas jet is used to displace the seawater around the mixture jet to reduce the resistance on the path of the mixture jet. The combined impact of the gas jet and the mixture jet breaks the ice.

[0013] Furthermore, the external nozzle accelerates the gas to the speed of sound or supersonic before ejecting it.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0015] 1. This invention, by nesting an inner nozzle that generates a mixed liquid jet within an outer nozzle that generates a gas jet, utilizes the gas jet generated by the outer nozzle to surround the liquid jet and displace seawater through the gas jet, which can significantly reduce the resistance of the mixed liquid jet, thereby greatly increasing the target distance and terminal energy of the mixed liquid jet, and thus significantly improving the jet ice-breaking capability in underwater submerged environments.

[0016] 2. The composite jet generated by this invention uses three media—gas, liquid, and solid abrasive particles—to break ice. When the three media work together on the ice, in addition to stagnant pressure, high-frequency erosion and grinding by the abrasive particles, there are also multiple effects such as high cavitation, water hammer pressure, shear stress, and wedging, which can intensify the damage to the ice. Compared with ice breaking by a single medium, its ice breaking effect can be further improved.

[0017] 3. This invention utilizes a tapered flow channel or a Laval flow channel to accelerate gas to sonic or supersonic speeds for ejection, providing strong drainage capacity and significantly increasing the target distance of the mixed liquid jet.

[0018] 4. This invention eliminates the need to add chemical agents to the jet medium, making it environmentally friendly to the marine environment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one implementation structure of a multi-media composite jet generator.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another implementation structure of the multi-media composite jet generator. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] As shown in the figure, the multi-media composite jet generator of this embodiment includes an outer nozzle 1 for accelerating the jetting of airflow and an inner nozzle 2 for accelerating the jetting of a mixture of water and abrasive. The outer nozzle is coaxially sleeved on the inner nozzle so that the airflow ejected from the outer nozzle surrounds the mixture jetting from the inner nozzle.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the flow channel 3 of the external nozzle used to accelerate the airflow is a Laval flow channel. The Laval flow channel consists of a gradually decreasing diameter converging flow channel 31, a throat 32, and a gradually increasing diameter expanding flow channel 33. The Laval flow channel has the ability to accelerate the airflow to supersonic speeds. In this embodiment, the flow channel 4 of the internal nozzle used to accelerate the mixed liquid flow is a gradually decreasing diameter converging flow channel.

[0024] Of course, in different embodiments, the flow channel 3 of the external nozzle 1 used to accelerate the airflow can also be a gradually decreasing diameter flow channel, such as a Laval flow channel; different flow channel combinations can be selected as needed, such as... Figure 2 As shown, this is a combination of the outer nozzle 1 using a tapered flow channel and the inner nozzle 2 also using a tapered flow channel.

[0025] In this embodiment, an air inlet 5 is provided on the wall of the external nozzle, which facilitates the connection between the external nozzle and the air supply pipe. The air inlet can be an internal threaded interface, which is easy to process and connect; of course, the air inlet can also be an external threaded interface or other types of interfaces.

[0026] In this embodiment, the inner nozzle and the outer nozzle are connected by a threaded connection, making them easy to assemble and disassemble.

[0027] The polar underwater jet ice-breaking method using the multi-media composite jet generator in this embodiment includes:

[0028] The gas supply pipe is connected to the external nozzle, and the liquid supply pipe is connected to the internal nozzle. A gas booster pump delivers gas into the gas supply pipe, while water and abrasive are mixed evenly to form a liquid mixture. A liquid booster pump delivers this liquid mixture into the liquid supply pipe. The gas is accelerated through the external nozzle and ejected as a gas jet, while the liquid mixture is accelerated through the internal nozzle and ejected as a liquid mixture jet. The gas jet surrounds the liquid mixture jet, displacing seawater around it to reduce resistance along its path. The combined impact of the gas and liquid mixture jets breaks the ice. In this embodiment, air is used as the gas, and seawater is used as the water. In practice, the power of the gas and liquid booster pumps can be adjusted according to the ice size and target distance to ensure that the external nozzle accelerates the gas to a suitable speed (e.g., sonic or supersonic) before ejecting it, and that the internal nozzle accelerates the liquid mixture to a suitable speed before ejecting it.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polar underwater jet ice-breaking method using a multi-media composite jet generator, characterized in that: The multi-media composite jet generator includes an outer nozzle for accelerating the ejection of airflow and an inner nozzle for accelerating the ejection of a mixture of water and abrasive. The outer nozzle is coaxially sleeved on the inner nozzle so that the airflow ejected from the outer nozzle surrounds the mixture ejected from the inner nozzle. The flow channel of the outer nozzle for accelerating the airflow is a Laval flow channel, and the flow channel of the inner nozzle for accelerating the mixture is a gradually decreasing diameter flow channel. The polar underwater jet ice-breaking method includes: connecting a gas supply pipe to an external nozzle and a liquid supply pipe to an internal nozzle; sending gas into the gas supply pipe via a gas booster pump; mixing water and abrasive to form a mixture; sending the mixture into the liquid supply pipe via a liquid booster pump; accelerating the gas through the external nozzle and ejecting it to form a gas jet; accelerating the mixture through the internal nozzle and ejecting it to form a mixture jet; the gas jet surrounds the outside of the mixture jet; the gas jet displaces the seawater around the mixture jet to reduce the resistance on the path of the mixture jet; and using the combined impact of the gas jet and the mixture jet to break the ice.

2. The polar underwater jet icebreaking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external nozzle accelerates the gas to sonic or supersonic speeds before ejecting it.

3. The polar underwater jet icebreaking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air inlet is provided on the wall of the external nozzle.

4. The polar underwater jet icebreaking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner nozzle and the outer nozzle are connected by a thread.

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