Carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3d printing device, printing method and application

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment, printing method and application.By the specific structural design of fiber bundle guide component, it is tensioned by using tension pulley in the transmission process of carbon fiber bundle, and it is opened, can expand the impregnation surface between carbon fiber bundle and ceramic slurry and increase impregnation time, greatly improve the wettability between carbon fiber bundle and ceramic slurry;At the same time, the design of composite material extrusion port, when carbon fiber bundle that has been impregnated with ceramic slurry is discharged, carbon fiber bundle and ceramic slurry are circumferentially extruded, this design can slow down the discharge speed of carbon fiber bundle in composite material extrusion port, so that the flow rate of ceramic slurry at the bottom center of printing head is reduced, thereby improving the friction between carbon fiber bundle and ceramic slurry, improving the DIW forming efficiency and material mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composite, can meet the service demand of some aircraft in super service environment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology, in particular to a novel carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device, printing method and application. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hypersonic vehicles have a complex lifting body shape, and are in a super service environment of high gas flow rate and strong particle erosion for a long time. For such a super service environment, ceramic matrix composites become indispensable thermal protection structural materials in the super environment due to their advantages of lightweight, excellent thermodynamic performance, good oxidation and ablation resistance, etc. It is crucial to develop and design ceramic materials with the characteristics of low density, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and long service life structure-function integration to further adapt to the service needs of new hypersonic vehicles.

[0003] Carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composites have special application potential in the field of aerospace thermal structural materials due to their excellent thermodynamic performance. Currently, carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composites are generally extruded by DIW (i.e. ink direct writing forming) process in 3D printing. DIW process is based on short carbon fiber toughening, and the short carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite formed has generally low fracture toughness value. Compared with short carbon fibers, continuous carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composites can overcome the problem of low fracture toughness value caused by short carbon fibers to some extent, but due to the problems of uneven distribution of friction force between fiber bundles and slurry and insufficient impregnation between continuous fiber bundles and ceramic slurry during the DIW process forming, the prepared continuous carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite still has the problem of poor toughening effect.

[0004] Therefore, the present application urgently needs to provide a 3D printing technology suitable for the forming of continuous carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composites to overcome the problem of poor toughening effect of the continuous carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composites. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device, printing method and application, and the prepared continuous carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite can realize the full impregnation of ceramic slurry into the inside of continuous carbon fiber bundles, and can improve the friction force between the fiber bundles and the ceramic slurry, so as to improve the forming efficiency of the ceramic green body and the densification and toughening mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composite, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device, which comprises:

[0008] An impregnation assembly comprising a slurry pool for containing ceramic slurry, the slurry pool being provided with a fiber bundle inlet and a composite material extrusion outlet;

[0009] A fiber bundle conveying assembly arranged outside the slurry pool for continuously feeding carbon fiber bundles into the slurry pool through the fiber bundle inlet so that the carbon fiber bundles are immersed in the ceramic slurry;

[0010] A fiber bundle guiding assembly arranged inside the slurry pool, the fiber bundle guiding assembly comprising a tensioning pulley for tensioning and feeding the carbon fiber bundles to the composite material extrusion outlet;

[0011] A composite material printing assembly comprising a direct writing print head, the direct writing print head being connected to the composite material extrusion outlet for receiving the carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite extruded by the composite material extrusion outlet and printing carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments.

[0012] In some embodiments, the fiber bundle guiding assembly comprises a plurality of the tensioning pulleys arranged along the feeding path of the carbon fiber bundles, and any of the tensioning pulleys is rotatably mounted in the slurry pool by a pulley mounting frame.

[0013] In some embodiments, the composite material extrusion outlet and the fiber bundle conveying assembly are correspondingly grouped, and the slurry pool is provided with at least one group of the composite material extrusion outlet and the fiber bundle conveying assembly;

[0014] A plurality of groups of the fiber bundle guiding assemblies are arranged between each group of the composite material extrusion outlet and the fiber bundle conveying assembly, each group of the fiber bundle conveying assembly is capable of simultaneously feeding a plurality of the carbon fiber bundles to the corresponding composite material extrusion outlet, and the carbon fiber bundles and the fiber bundle guiding assemblies are correspondingly arranged, and the plurality of the carbon fiber bundles are collected to the composite material extrusion outlet by the fiber bundle guiding assemblies.

[0015] In some embodiments, any of the fiber bundle conveying assemblies comprises:

[0016] A fiber bundle roller rotatably mounted outside the slurry pool and capable of feeding the carbon fiber bundles to the slurry pool one by one, and a plurality of the fiber bundle rollers are arranged;

[0017] A traction device is arranged corresponding to each of the fiber bundle roller; the traction device comprises friction wheel one, friction wheel two and a rotary drive, the friction wheel one and the friction wheel two are both rotatably installed outside the slurry pool, the friction wheel one and the friction wheel two are arranged side by side, and a gap is left between the outer circumferential surfaces of the friction wheel one and the friction wheel two for the single fiber bundle roller to pass through, and the rotary drive is used to drive at least one of the friction wheel one and the friction wheel two to rotate to tractionally convey the carbon fiber bundle on the fiber bundle roller through the rolling friction.

[0018] In some embodiments, the fiber bundle guide assembly is symmetrically distributed around the periphery of the composite material extrusion port in each group of the composite material extrusion port and the fiber bundle conveying assembly;

[0019] In some embodiments, the fiber bundle guide assembly comprises at least three tension pulleys, wherein two of the tension pulleys are respectively close to the fiber bundle inlet and the composite material extrusion port, and the two tension pulleys are located on the side of the axis of the carbon fiber bundle away from the composite material extrusion port, and the remaining tension pulleys are all arranged between the two tension pulleys.

[0020] In some embodiments, an ultrasonic vibration rod is arranged on the slurry pool, and the ultrasonic vibration rod is used to ultrasonically vibrate the ceramic slurry.

[0021] In some embodiments, a heating device one is arranged close to the printing nozzle of the direct writing printing head, and the heating device one is used to preheat the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament.

[0022] In some embodiments, the composite material printing assembly further comprises a printing platform arranged below the printing nozzle of the direct writing printing head, the printing platform is used to receive the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament printed by the direct writing printing head, and a heating device two is arranged on the printing platform, the lowest heating temperature of the heating device two is not lower than the highest heating temperature of the heating device one, and the heating device two is used to heat-cure the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament deposited on the printing platform.

[0023] The present application provides a kind of carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing method, using the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment of any one described above is implemented, characterized in that, comprising:

[0024] The fiber bundle conveying assembly is used to continuously convey carbon fiber bundle into the slurry pool, so that the carbon fiber bundle is immersed in the ceramic slurry;

[0025] Tensioning and delivering the carbon fiber bundle to the composite material extrusion port of the slurry pool through the fiber bundle guide assembly;

[0026] Receiving the carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite extruded by the composite material extrusion port through the direct writing printing head, and printing to form a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament.

[0027] The present application provides a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material produced by the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment of any one of the above, for the application of aircraft preparation material.

[0028] The present application has the following technical effects relative to the prior art:

[0029] The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment has a novel and reasonable structure, and through the specific structural design of the fiber bundle guide assembly, the tensioning pulley is used to tension and open the carbon fiber bundle during transmission, which can expand the impregnation surface between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry and increase the impregnation time, greatly improving the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, so that the ceramic slurry is fully impregnated into the continuous carbon fiber bundle; at the same time, the design of the composite material extrusion port can extrude the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry in the circumferential direction when the carbon fiber bundle impregnated with the ceramic slurry is discharged, which can slow down the discharge speed of the carbon fiber bundle at the composite material extrusion port, so that the flow rate of the ceramic slurry at the center of the bottom end of the printing head is reduced, thereby improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, and being beneficial to improving the DIW forming efficiency and material mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composite material.

[0030] In some technical solutions disclosed in the present application, the fiber bundle transmission assembly can simultaneously transmit multiple carbon fiber bundles, thereby forming a design of multiple fiber bundles corresponding to a single composite material extrusion port, so that after the multiple fiber bundles are gathered at the composite material extrusion port, the ceramic slurry is extruded in the circumferential direction by the composite material extrusion port, which can effectively slow down the discharge speed of the multiple fiber bundles at the composite material extrusion port, so that the flow rate of the ceramic slurry at the center of the bottom end of the printing head is reduced, thereby improving the friction between the multiple fiber bundles and the ceramic slurry, and being beneficial to improving the DIW forming efficiency and material mechanical properties of the multiple fiber ceramic matrix composite material. The present application provides effective technical support for the rapid forming of complex structure high performance ceramic matrix composite material, and expands the application of 3D printing technology in ceramic matrix composite material.

[0031] The 3D printing method of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material provided by the application greatly improves the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, and improves the friction between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, improves the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament, and can be used as a preparation material of a supersonic aircraft to meet the service requirements of a hypersonic aircraft in an extraordinary service environment.

[0032] The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament formed by using the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment greatly improves the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, improves the friction between the carbon fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, improves the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament, and can be used as a preparation material of a supersonic aircraft to meet the service requirements of a hypersonic aircraft in an extraordinary service environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0034] Figure 1 The overall structure schematic diagram of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0035] Figure 2 The front view schematic diagram of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0036] Figure 3 The side view schematic diagram of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0037] Figure 4 The top view schematic diagram of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment disclosed in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0038] Figure 5 The main view of the structure of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment disclosed in the embodiments of the present application after removing the roller frame and the printing platform is shown in the figure.

[0039] Figure 6 A-A cross-sectional view of Figure 5

[0040] Figure 7 Assembly structure schematic diagram of the fiber bundle guide assembly disclosed in the embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 8 Assembly structure front view of the fiber bundle guide assembly disclosed in the embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 9 Working principle diagram of a single carbon fiber bundle of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment disclosed in the embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 10 A-A cross-sectional view of Figure 9 Mechanism principle diagram of the carbon fiber bundle guide assembly at two places of the tension pulley in the embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 11 Printing state schematic diagram of the direct writing print head disclosed in the embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 12 A-A cross-sectional view of Figure 11 Enlarged structure schematic diagram at D in the embodiment of the present application.

[0046] In the drawings, the reference signs are:

[0047] 100, carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment;

[0048] 1, impregnation assembly; 11, slurry pool; 12, fiber bundle inlet; 13, composite material extrusion outlet; 14, ultrasonic vibration rod;

[0049] 2, fiber bundle conveying assembly; 21, fiber bundle roller; 22, friction pulley one; 23, friction pulley two; 24, roller frame; 25, traction device;

[0050] 3, carbon fiber bundle;

[0051] 4, ceramic slurry;

[0052] 5, fiber bundle guide assembly; 51, tension pulley one; 52, tension pulley two; 53, tension pulley three; 54, pulley mounting frame;

[0053] 6, composite material printing assembly; 61, direct writing print head; 62, heating device one; 63, printing platform;

[0054] 7, carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite;

[0055] 8, carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament. DETAILED DESCRIPTION ​

[0056] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0057] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment, which can realize that the ceramic slurry is fully impregnated into the continuous carbon fiber bundle, can improve the friction between the fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, can improve the forming efficiency of the ceramic green body, and can improve the densification and toughening mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composite, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0058] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing method based on the above-mentioned carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment, which can realize that the ceramic slurry is fully impregnated into the continuous carbon fiber bundle, can improve the friction between the fiber bundle and the ceramic slurry, can improve the forming efficiency of the ceramic green body, and can improve the densification and toughening mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composite, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0059] Still another purpose of the present application is to provide an application of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite produced by the above-mentioned carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment as a preparation material of a hypersonic aircraft.

[0060] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0061] Embodiment 1

[0062] As Figures 1-8As shown, the embodiment provides a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device, mainly including impregnation assembly 1, fiber bundle conveying assembly 2, fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 and composite material printing assembly 6, wherein the impregnation assembly 1 includes slurry pool 11 for containing ceramic slurry 4, and fiber bundle inlet 12 and composite material extrusion outlet 13 are arranged on the slurry pool 11, generally the fiber bundle inlet 12 and the composite material extrusion outlet 13 are distributed in an up-down manner; the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 is arranged outside the slurry pool 11, mainly used for continuously conveying carbon fiber bundle 3 into the slurry pool 11 through the fiber bundle inlet 12, so that the carbon fiber bundle 3 is immersed in the ceramic slurry 4; the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 is arranged inside the slurry pool 11, generally immersed in the ceramic slurry 4, and the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 includes a tension pulley, which is used to tension and convey the carbon fiber bundle 3 impregnated with the ceramic slurry 4 to the composite material extrusion outlet 13; the composite material printing assembly 6 includes direct writing print head 61, which is connected with the composite material extrusion outlet 13, used to receive the carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite 7 extruded by the composite material extrusion outlet 13, and print to form carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8. In the above scheme, through the specific structural design of the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5, the tension pulley is used to expand the impregnation surface between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4 and increase the impregnation time, which greatly improves the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, so that the ceramic slurry 4 can be fully impregnated into the continuous carbon fiber bundle 3; at the same time, the design of a single composite material extrusion outlet can make the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4 be extruded together by the composite material extrusion outlet, which can make the flow rate of the ceramic slurry 4 at the bottom center of the print head decrease, thereby improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, which is beneficial to improve the DIW forming efficiency and material mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composite.

[0063] In some embodiments, as Figures 6-8As shown, the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 comprises a plurality of tension pulleys arranged along the conveying path of the carbon fiber bundle 3, and any one of the tension pulleys is rotatably mounted in the slurry pool 11 through a pulley mounting frame 54, that is, the pulley mounting frame 54 is fixed in the slurry pool 11, and any one of the tension pulleys is rotatably mounted on the pulley mounting frame 54. In order to improve the tensioning effect on the carbon fiber bundle 3 and prolong the conveying time and path of the carbon fiber bundle 3 in the ceramic slurry 4, generally, the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 is provided with at least three tension pulleys, wherein two tension pulleys are respectively close to the fiber bundle inlet 12 and the composite material extrusion outlet 13, and both of the two tension pulleys are located on the side of the axis of the carbon fiber bundle 3 away from the composite material extrusion outlet 13, and the remaining tension pulleys are all arranged between the above two tension pulleys. After the carbon fiber bundle 3 enters from the fiber bundle inlet 12, it passes through each tension pulley in turn to reach the composite material extrusion outlet 13, and under the conveying effect of the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 and the adsorption effect of the direct writing printing head 61 (a functional attribute of the direct writing printing head, since the direct writing printing head 61 is a mature product, the specific printing principle is not described here), it is continuously conveyed to the direct writing printing head 61.

[0064] In some embodiments, the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 can be provided with three tension pulleys, which can not only meet the purpose of tensioning and improving the impregnation effect, but also simplify the structure compared with more than four tension pulleys. For example, Figures 6-8 As shown, the three tension pulleys of the fiber bundle guiding assembly 5 are tension pulley one 51, tension pulley two 52 and tension pulley three 53, which are all rotatably mounted on the pulley mounting frame 54 through pulley pins, and the tension pulley one 51, the tension pulley two 52 and the tension pulley three 53 are arranged along the conveying path of the carbon fiber bundle 3 in turn. Among them, the tension pulley one 51 and the tension pulley three 53 are arranged close to the fiber bundle inlet 12 and the composite material extrusion outlet 13 respectively. In order to avoid interference with the entry and exit of the fiber bundle, the tension pulley one 51 and the tension pulley three 53 are preferably located at the outer circumferential positions of the fiber bundle inlet 12 and the composite material extrusion outlet 13 respectively. In order to prolong the impregnation path and time of the carbon fiber bundle 3, the tension pulley two 52 is arranged laterally offset from the tension pulley one 51 and the tension pulley three 53, so that the carbon fiber bundle 3 entering the slurry pool 11 is tensioned in a "V" shape.

[0065] In some embodiments, based on the three-point arrangement of the tension pulley one 51, the tension pulley two 52 and the tension pulley three 53, the pulley mounting frame 54 is preferably provided as a tripod structure, and the tension pulley one 51, the tension pulley two 52 and the tension pulley three 53 are rotatably mounted at three fixed positions of the tripod structure. The shape of the tripod structure is not limited to a regular isosceles triangle or a right triangle, and any triangle structure with different side lengths can be adopted. For example, Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the isosceles triangular rack body structure of the pulley mounting rack 54 is shown, and the bottom edge is vertically arranged. The two corners of the bottom edge correspond to the positions of the tension pulley one 51 and the tension pulley three 53, respectively. The pulley mounting rack 54 is fixed to the top and bottom of the slurry pool 11 through the two ends of the bottom edge, respectively. The fixing mode of the pulley mounting rack 54 and the slurry pool 11 is preferably a detachable fixed connection mode, such as bolt connection.

[0066] In some embodiments, the composite material extrusion port 13 and the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 are generally one-to-one corresponding in groups, that is, the composite material extrusion port 13 is configured with a fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 that is dedicated to supplying carbon fiber bundles 3. On the same slurry pool 11, at least one group of the above-mentioned composite material extrusion port 13 and the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 can be configured, and especially when two or more groups of composite material extrusion ports 13 and fiber bundle conveying assemblies 2 are provided, the printing and processing of multiple carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments 8 can be realized, which is beneficial to improve the production capacity. It should be noted that the composite material extrusion port 13 and the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 are one-to-one corresponding in groups, which means that the fiber bundle inlet 12 and the composite material extrusion port 13 are also one-to-one corresponding in groups on the slurry pool 11. For example, Figures 1-9 As shown, they are all structure diagrams of the slurry pool 11 configured with a single group of composite material extrusion ports 13 and fiber bundle conveying assemblies 2. In actual application, the number of groups of composite material extrusion ports 13 and fiber bundle conveying assemblies 2 configured on the slurry pool 11 can be flexibly adjusted according to processing needs. When the number of groups is increased, only the volume of the slurry pool 11 needs to be increased, and the corresponding number of groups of composite material extrusion ports 13 and fiber bundle conveying assemblies 2 can be configured therein. The following will be described taking a single group of composite material extrusion ports 13 and fiber bundle conveying assemblies 2 as an example:

[0067] As shown, Figures 5-9 As shown, a plurality of groups of the aforementioned fiber bundle guide assemblies 5 are arranged between each group of composite material extrusion ports 13 and fiber bundle conveying assemblies 2. Each group of fiber bundle conveying assemblies 2 can simultaneously convey a plurality of carbon fiber bundles 3 to the corresponding composite material extrusion port 13, and the carbon fiber bundles 3 and the fiber bundle guide assemblies 5 are one-to-one arranged. The plurality of carbon fiber bundles 3 are collected to the composite material extrusion port 13 through the fiber bundle guide assemblies 5. The composite material extrusion port 13 generally adopts a closed structure, which is beneficial to effectively extruding the carbon fiber bundles 3 introduced by each fiber bundle guide assembly 5.

[0068] In some embodiments, as shown, Figures 1-8 As shown, any group of fiber bundle conveying assemblies 2 includes a fiber bundle roller 21 and a traction device 25. The fiber bundle roller 21 is provided with a plurality of fiber bundle rollers 21, any fiber bundle roller 21 is rotatably installed outside the slurry pool 11, and can convey a single carbon fiber bundle 3 to the slurry pool 11. Specifically, as shown, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the top of the slurry pool 11 is provided with a roller frame 24, and each fiber bundle roller 21 of the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 is rotatably installed on the roller frame 24. It is generally preferred that each fiber bundle roller 21 of the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 is arranged one-to-one with the fiber bundle guide assembly 5, and in the installation orientation, it is preferred that the fiber bundle roller 21 and the corresponding fiber bundle guide assembly 5 are arranged in an up-down layout. The aforementioned traction device 25 is also arranged one-to-one with the fiber bundle roller 21 to ensure the independent controllability of the delivery of each carbon fiber bundle 3. Specifically, as shown Figure 9 As shown, the traction device 25 includes a friction wheel one 22, a friction wheel two 23, and a rotary drive. The friction wheel one 22 and the friction wheel two 23 are both rotatably installed outside the slurry pool 11, and the friction wheel one 22 and the friction wheel two 23 are arranged side by side, and the outer circumferential surfaces of the friction wheel one 22 and the friction wheel two 23 leave a gap for the single fiber bundle roller 21 to pass through. The rotary drive is used to drive at least one of the friction wheel one 22 and the friction wheel two 23 to rotate to pull and convey the carbon fiber bundle 3 on the fiber bundle roller 21 through the rolling friction.

[0069] As shown Figures 1-2 In some embodiments, the traction device 25 is also provided with a housing fixed to the top of the slurry pool 11. The friction wheel one 22 and the friction wheel two 23 are both rotatably installed inside the housing. The rotary drive is preferably a motor, and the friction wheel one 22 and the friction wheel two 23 are respectively connected to a motor. The two motors cooperate to drive the friction wheel one 22 and the friction wheel two 23 to rotate in the same direction as shown Figure 9 to achieve the traction and conveying of the carbon fiber bundle 3. The housing of the aforementioned traction device 25 mainly plays the role of dust prevention and provides installation support.

[0070] In some embodiments, each group of the composite material extrusion port 13 and the fiber bundle guide assembly 5 in the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 is symmetrically distributed around the outer periphery of the composite material extrusion port 13. Taking the aforementioned three groups of fiber bundle guide assemblies 5 as an example, the fiber bundle roller 21 in the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 is also correspondingly provided with three groups, and the fiber bundle guide assembly 5 and the three groups of fiber bundle rollers 21 are both centered on the central axis of the composite material extrusion port 13 and are uniformly distributed along the outer periphery of the composite material extrusion port 13, that is, the included angle between each adjacent fiber bundle roller 21 and each adjacent fiber bundle guide assembly 5 is 120°.

[0071] In some embodiments, the installation height of each fiber bundle roller 21 is consistent, and the carbon fiber bundle 3 wound on the fiber bundle roller 21 is mainly used for material toughening. The material of the carbon fiber bundle 3 can be at least one of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fibers T300-1K, T300-3K, and T800HB-6K (Toray, Japan).

[0072] It should be noted that one necessary condition for realizing the printing of continuous fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite is that the ceramic slurry 4 must exhibit shear-thinning rheological properties. The ceramic slurry 4 is required to have high solid content and low viscosity, etc. to realize the laying of continuous fiber composite filaments and the retention of the initial model shape. Specifically, the ceramic slurry 4 can be at least one of silicon carbide (SiC) and ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC, including carbide UHTC and boride UHTC). Among them, the carbide UHTC is at least one of boron carbide (B4C), zirconium carbide (ZrC), hafnium carbide (HfC), and tantalum carbide (TaC); the boride UHTC is at least one of zirconium diboride (ZrB2), hafnium diboride (HfB2), and tantalum diboride (TaB2).

[0073] In some embodiments, the slurry pool 11 is preferably a vertically arranged cylindrical slurry pool, and the aforementioned fiber bundle inlet 12 and composite material extrusion outlet 13 are respectively arranged at the axial ends of the cylindrical slurry pool. Meanwhile, the fiber bundle inlet 12, the composite material extrusion outlet 13, and the cylindrical slurry pool are preferably coaxially arranged.

[0074] In some embodiments, the slurry pool 11 is further provided with an ultrasonic vibration rod 14 for ultrasonic vibration of the ceramic slurry 4. The ultrasonic vibration rod 14 can be a torpedo-shaped ultrasonic vibration rod. As shown in Figures 1-3 , the ultrasonic vibration rod 14 can be provided in six, two of the six ultrasonic vibration rods 14 form a group, and three groups of ultrasonic vibration rods 14 are uniformly arranged along the outer periphery of the cylindrical slurry pool, and the three groups of ultrasonic vibration rods 14 correspond to the three groups of fiber bundle guide assemblies 5 one by one. As shown in Figure 9 , in the fiber bundle guide assembly 5, the diameter of the middle tension pulley two 52 is greater than that of the tension pulley one 51 and the tension pulley three 53, and the diameters of the tension pulley one 51 and the tension pulley three 53 are the same. The diameter of the tension pulley two 52 is generally preferably more than twice the diameter of the tension pulley one 51. Two ultrasonic vibration rods 14 in each group of ultrasonic vibration rods 14 are symmetrically distributed above and below the tension pulley two 52, and each ultrasonic vibration rod 14 penetrates the side wall of the slurry pool 11, with the emitting end facing the corresponding tension pulley two 52. As shown in Figure 9 , in the present embodiment, the fiber bundle roller 21 corresponds to a group of fiber bundle guide assemblies 5 and two symmetrically arranged ultrasonic vibration rods 14, and the three are in the same plane (longitude). Correspondingly, each group of traction devices 25 and the corresponding fiber bundle roller 21 are also in the same plane (longitude).

[0075] It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the diameter size ratio and relative position relationship of the three, the second tension pulley 52, the first tension pulley 51 and the third tension pulley 53 in each fiber bundle guide assembly 5 should ensure that the wetting angle θ of the carbon fiber bundle 3 on the second tension pulley 52 and the ceramic slurry 4 should be less than 90°, which is beneficial to the transportation of the fiber filaments and the good infiltration between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4.

[0076] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the direct writing print head 61 is enlarged by a certain ratio compared to the inner diameter of the single fiber bundle toughened print head, so as to ensure the smooth extrusion of the multi-fiber bundle composite filament.

[0077] In some embodiments, the direct writing print head 61 is provided with a heating device one 62 near the print nozzle. The heating device one 62 is used for preheating the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8. The heating device one 62 adopts common finished products such as heating rods, which generally realize heating after being powered on. The basic principle belongs to resistance wire heating, the heating temperature is relatively low, and the main function is to preheat the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8, so as to facilitate the extrusion of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 from the nozzle of the direct writing print head 61 to the printing platform 63 or to the printed material of the previous layer. The heating device one 62 is generally embedded and installed in the pipe wall of the direct writing print head 61.

[0078] In some embodiments, the composite material printing assembly 6 further comprises a printing platform 63 arranged below the print nozzle of the direct writing print head 61. The printing platform 63 is used for receiving the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 printed by the direct writing print head 61, and the printing platform 63 is provided with a heating device two. The lowest heating temperature of the heating device two is not lower than the highest heating temperature of the heating device one 62. The heating device two is used for heat curing the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 deposited on the printing platform 63 to prevent the edge of the printed material from being warped. The heating device two can adopt common finished products such as heating rods, which generally realize heating after being powered on. The basic principle belongs to resistance wire heating, and the heating temperature is higher than that of the heating device one 62.

[0079] In some embodiments, a printing control system can also be configured in the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device 100, and the traction device 25, the ultrasonic vibration rod 14, the direct writing printing head 61, the heating device one 62 and the heating device two of the aforementioned fiber bundle conveying assembly 2 are in communication connection with the printing control system. The printing control system can automatically control the running state of the above-mentioned components, so as to realize the intelligent printing of the whole printing device. Specifically, the printing control system can be composed of three parts of slicing printing software, hardware main control board circuit and controlled mechanical motion platform which are adapted to it. The slicing printing software and the hardware main control board circuit are connected by USB line for serial communication. The hardware main control board circuit converts the command sent by the slicing printing software into a specific control signal, and then converts the digital signal into a corresponding electrical signal to control the motor drive, heating resistance and other modules to complete the fiber conveying control, printing head and printing platform heating control and the whole printing process.

[0080] The printing process and principle of the above-mentioned carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device 100 are as follows:

[0081] The traction device 25 pulls the carbon fiber bundle 3, and the plurality of carbon fiber bundles 3 are sent into the slurry pool 11 and guided under the action of the corresponding fiber bundle guide assembly 5, and finally the plurality of carbon fiber bundles 3 are collected to the composite material extrusion port 13 with a certain diameter and pulled out by the direct writing printing head 61. The composite material extrusion port 13 has an extrusion effect on the plurality of carbon fiber bundles 3 in the peripheral direction. When the carbon fiber bundle 3 interacts with each tension pulley in the fiber bundle guide assembly 5, the fiber-ceramic impregnation process occurs. At the same time, the high-frequency oscillation generated by the ultrasonic vibration rod 14 emitting ultrasonic waves can accelerate the flow of the ceramic slurry 4, reduce its surface tension, and can stretch the single filament contained in the carbon fiber bundle 3 as much as possible, so that the diffusely flowing ceramic slurry 4 can fully impregnate into the inside of the carbon fiber bundle 3. The fiber bundle guide assembly 5 with a specific structure enlarges the contact area between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4 and increases the contact time, greatly improving the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4. The multi-fiber bundle carbon fiber filament impregnated by the ceramic slurry 4 (i.e. the carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite 7) is laid on the heated printing platform 63 by the direct writing printing head 61. The heating device 62 at the printing nozzle of the direct writing printing head 61 first preheats it. When the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 formed by printing contacts the heated printing platform 63, it will rapidly solidify under the heating action of the heating device two. When the first layer of the printing platform 63 is completed, the direct writing printing head 61 can be raised by a layer of thickness under the action of the related lifting device (a conventional design of 3D printing technology, such as a lifting slide, a mechanical arm, etc.), and the next layer can be laid according to the printing instruction of the printing control system. Until the program code is completed, the ceramic matrix composite embryo is printed.

[0082] In summary, the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device 100 described above is essentially a 3D printing device for continuous multi-fiber bundle carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite based on ink direct writing forming. Through the specific structural design of the fiber bundle guide assembly 5, the tensioning pulley is used to expand the impregnation surface between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4 and increase the impregnation time, greatly improving the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, so that the ceramic slurry 4 is fully impregnated into the continuous carbon fiber bundle 3. At the same time, the design of a single composite material extrusion port corresponding to a multi-fiber bundle can make the multi-fiber bundle gather after the composite material extrusion port, and the ceramic slurry 4 is extruded together by the composite material extrusion port. This design can make the flow rate of the ceramic slurry 4 at the bottom center of the print head drop, thereby improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, which is beneficial to improve the DIW forming efficiency and material mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composite. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device 100 described above has a reasonable structure, can realize continuous high-precision printing of multi-carbon fiber bundle toughened ceramic matrix composite, provides effective technical support for rapid forming of complex structure high-performance ceramic matrix composite, and expands the application of 3D printing technology in ceramic matrix composite.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] The present embodiment proposes a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing method, which is implemented by using the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device 100 of Example 1, comprising: continuously conveying the carbon fiber bundle 3 into the slurry pool 11 through the fiber bundle conveying assembly 2, so that the carbon fiber bundle 3 is immersed in the ceramic slurry 4; the carbon fiber bundle 3 is tensioned and conveyed to the composite material extrusion port 13 of the slurry pool 11 through the fiber bundle guide assembly 5; the carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite 7 extruded by the composite material extrusion port is received by the direct writing print head 61, and the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix filament 8 is printed. The specific operation process of the direct writing print head 61 is as follows:

[0085] 1) Draw a three-dimensional solid model and save it as an STL format, use a slicing software matched with the direct writing print head 61 to slice the three-dimensional model in STL format, set the printing parameters, and save the position information and material information data in the form of G code;

[0086] 2) The printer system connected with the direct writing print head 61 controls the X, Y, and Z moving shafts to send the direct writing print head 61 to the specified position by recognizing the data code containing the material information;

[0087] 3) The printer system inputs the printing instruction according to the three-dimensional model slicing information and the printing parameter information, and the direct writing print head 61 can print the multi-fiber bundle continuous fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite.

[0088] As shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12 The printed carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 is a multi-fiber ceramic matrix composite material. Figure 12 The point structure in the above formula is the ceramic matrix 4, which is derived from Figure 12 From this enlarged structure diagram, it can be understood that in the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 printed by the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment 100, the carbon fiber bundle 3 has good wettability with the ceramic slurry 4, and the ceramic slurry 4 is uniformly distributed in the carbon fiber bundle 3.

[0089] It should be noted that a necessary condition for realizing continuous fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite printing is that the ceramic slurry 4 must exhibit shear thinning rheological properties. The ceramic slurry 4 is required to have high solid content and low viscosity and other performance characteristics to achieve the laying of continuous fiber composite filaments and the retention of the initial model shape. Specifically: the ceramic slurry 4 can be at least one of silicon carbide (SiC) and ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC, including carbide UHTC and boride UHTC). Among them, the carbide UHTC is at least one of boron carbide (B4C), zirconium carbide (ZrC), hafnium carbide (HfC); the boride UHTC is at least one of zirconium diboride (ZrB2), hafnium diboride (HfB2), tantalum diboride (TaB2).

[0090] The above-mentioned carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing method, in the printing process, uses the tensioning pulley to expand the impregnation surface between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4 and increases the impregnation time, greatly improves the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, and makes the ceramic slurry 4 fully impregnated into the continuous carbon fiber bundle 3; at the same time, based on the design of the multi-fiber bundle corresponding to a single composite material extrusion port in the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment 100, the multi-fiber bundle can be gathered after the composite material extrusion port, and the ceramic slurry 4 is collectively extruded by the composite material extrusion port, which can make the flow rate of the ceramic slurry 4 at the center of the bottom end of the printing head drop, thereby improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, which is conducive to improving the DIW forming efficiency and material mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composite, providing effective technical support for the rapid forming of complex structure high-performance ceramic matrix composites, and expanding the application of 3D printing technology in ceramic matrix composites.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] This embodiment proposes an application of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 produced by the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment 100 of Example 1 as an aircraft preparation material. The aircraft is generally a new generation of new aircraft, such as a hypersonic aircraft.

[0093] The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8 printed by the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing device 100 greatly improves the wettability between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, and at the same time, due to the circumferential extrusion of the composite material extrusion port, the flow rate of the ceramic slurry 4 at the center of the bottom end of the printing head is reduced, thereby improving the friction between the carbon fiber bundle 3 and the ceramic slurry 4, improving the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament 8, and meeting the service requirements of hypersonic aircraft in super-normal service environment.

[0094] It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of the specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for understanding and reading by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that can be implemented by the present application, so they do not have technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effect and purpose that can be achieved by the present application, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present application. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" in the specification are only for clear description, not to limit the scope of the present application, and the change or adjustment of the relative relationship without substantial change of the technical content is also considered as the scope of the present application.

[0095] The principles and implementation modes of the present application are described by applying specific examples in the present application, and the above examples are only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation mode and application range will be changed. In view of the above, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing apparatus, characterized by, include: An impregnation assembly includes a slurry tank for holding ceramic slurry, the slurry tank being provided with a fiber bundle inlet and a composite material extrusion outlet; A fiber bundle conveying assembly, disposed outside the slurry tank, is used to continuously convey carbon fiber bundles into the slurry tank via the fiber bundle inlet, so that the carbon fiber bundles are immersed in the ceramic slurry. The fiber bundle conveying assembly includes fiber bundle rollers and traction devices. The fiber bundle rollers are rotatably mounted outside the slurry tank and are capable of conveying individual carbon fiber bundles into the slurry tank. Multiple fiber bundle rollers are provided. The traction devices are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the fiber bundle rollers. The traction device includes a first friction wheel, a second friction wheel, and a rotation drive. The first friction wheel and the second friction wheel... Both wheels are rotatably mounted outside the slurry tank. Friction wheels one and two are arranged side by side, and a gap is left between the outer surfaces of friction wheels one and two for a single fiber bundle roller to pass through. The rotation drive is used to drive at least one of friction wheels one and two to rotate, so as to traction and convey the carbon fiber bundle on the fiber bundle roller by rolling friction. The composite material extrusion port and the fiber bundle conveying assembly are grouped one-to-one, and at least one set of composite material extrusion port and fiber bundle conveying assembly is arranged on the slurry tank. A fiber bundle guiding assembly is disposed inside the slurry tank. The fiber bundle guiding assembly includes a tension pulley for tensioning and conveying the carbon fiber bundles to the composite material extrusion port. Multiple sets of fiber bundle guiding assemblies are disposed between each set of composite material extrusion ports and the fiber bundle conveying assembly. Each set of fiber bundle conveying assembly can simultaneously convey multiple carbon fiber bundles to the corresponding composite material extrusion port. The carbon fiber bundles and the fiber bundle guiding assemblies are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. Multiple carbon fiber bundles converge at the composite material extrusion port through the fiber bundle guiding assembly. In each set of composite material extrusion ports and fiber bundle conveying assemblies… The fiber bundle guiding components are symmetrically distributed around the outer periphery of the composite material extrusion port. Each fiber bundle guiding component includes a plurality of tensioning pulleys arranged at intervals along the conveying path of the carbon fiber bundle. Each tensioning pulley is rotatably mounted in the slurry pool via a pulley mounting bracket. Each set of fiber bundle guiding components includes at least three tensioning pulleys, wherein two tensioning pulleys are respectively close to the fiber bundle inlet and the composite material extrusion port, and the two tensioning pulleys are located on the side of the axis corresponding to the carbon fiber bundle away from the composite material extrusion port. The remaining tensioning pulleys are all arranged between the two tensioning pulleys. A composite material printing assembly includes a direct-write printhead connected to a composite material extrusion port for receiving carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite extruded from the composite material extrusion port and printing it to form carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filaments.

2. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, An ultrasonic vibrating rod is provided on the slurry tank, and the ultrasonic vibrating rod is used to ultrasonically vibrate the ceramic slurry.

3. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The direct writing print head is provided with a heating device one near the print nozzle, which is used for preheating the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament.

4. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The composite material printing assembly further comprises a printing platform arranged below the print nozzle of the direct writing print head, which is used for receiving the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament printed by the direct writing print head, and the printing platform is provided with a heating device two, the lowest heating temperature of the heating device two is not lower than the highest heating temperature of the heating device one, and the heating device two is used for heat curing the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament deposited on the printing platform.

5. A method for 3D printing of carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material, implemented by using the 3D printing equipment for carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Comprise: continuously conveying the carbon fiber bundle into the slurry pool through the fiber bundle conveying assembly, so that the carbon fiber bundle is immersed in the ceramic slurry; tensioning and conveying the carbon fiber bundle to the composite material extrusion port of the slurry pool through the fiber bundle guide assembly; receiving the carbon fiber bundle-ceramic matrix composite extruded by the composite material extrusion port through the direct writing print head, and printing to form a carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite filament.

6. A carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material produced by the carbon fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite 3D printing equipment of any one of claims 1-4, for the application of aircraft preparation materials.

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