High-speed railway tunnel portal combined buffer structure

Abstract

The application relates to a combined buffer structure for a high-speed railway tunnel portal, which comprises an opening section connected with a portal lining structure of a tunnel entrance and exit, the opening section comprising at least one opening section lining, the opening section lining comprising a ring-shaped splicing module and two ring-shaped connecting modules, two adjacent opening section linings being connected through penetrating connecting ribs, a surrounding well being arranged on the opening section lining, and a cavity in the opening section lining being connected with the outside through the surrounding well; and a beveling section lining comprising a beveling section splicing module, a beveling section connecting module arranged at one end of the beveling section splicing module, and a brim structure arranged on the other end of the beveling section splicing module, the beveling section lining being connected with the opening section lining at the end of the opening section through penetrating connecting ribs. The combined buffer structure is assembled in a prefabricated plate mode, the installation process can be completed through a hoisting mechanism, the formwork building and pouring and solidifying steps of a trolley are omitted, the construction process is simplified, and the efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel portal structures, specifically a combined buffer structure for the portal of a high-speed railway tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] When a high-speed train passes through a tunnel at high speed, the air in the annular space between the train and the inner surface of the tunnel lining is violently compressed due to the train's front entering the tunnel. This creates a compression wave in front of the train, which propagates within the tunnel at the speed of sound. When the compression wave reaches the tunnel entrance, some of its energy is reflected back into the tunnel as an expansion wave, while the rest radiates into the external environment, forming micro-pressure waves. These micro-pressure waves at the tunnel entrance contain a large number of low-frequency infrasound waves with vibration frequencies between 0 and 20 Hz. These waves can easily trigger resonance in the structures of surrounding buildings (such as doors and windows), as well as in human cavities and vital organs, jeopardizing structural safety and causing negative physiological and psychological effects on nearby residents. Furthermore, when the peak value of the micro-pressure wave is large, the high-frequency components can induce a sonic boom, creating noise pollution at the tunnel entrance.

[0003] To address the issue of micro-pressure wave environment at tunnel entrances, the main mitigation methods include: 1) Modifying the tunnel structure: such as appropriately increasing the tunnel's clearance area or constructing auxiliary tunnels within the tunnel, thereby mitigating micro-pressure waves at the tunnel entrance; 2) Changing train design parameters: such as increasing the streamlined length of the train's nose or altering the train's cross-sectional area, thereby reducing the initial compression wave gradient; 3) Modifying the type of buffer structure at the tunnel entrance: such as increasing the opening ratio of the buffer structure or extending its length, thereby reducing the initial compression wave gradient and enhancing the mitigation effect of micro-pressure waves. Since the design parameters of tunnels and trains are difficult to change during construction, both domestically and internationally, the main approach is to add buffer structures at the tunnel entrance to mitigate micro-pressure waves.

[0004] Regarding the mitigation mechanism of buffer structures, existing research indicates that the micro-pressure wave at the tunnel exit is positively correlated with the pressure gradient inside the tunnel and negatively correlated with the solid angle of the exit space. For the buffer structure at the tunnel inlet, the main mechanism is to reduce the peak value of the pressure gradient by extending the time it takes for the initial compression wave to reach its peak value, thereby reducing the peak value of the micro-pressure wave. For the buffer structure at the tunnel exit, the main mechanism is to increase the solid angle of the exit space, thereby reducing the peak value of the micro-pressure wave.

[0005] Based on the ratio of the cross-sectional area to the net area of ​​the buffer structure, it can be divided into equal cross-section type (=1:1) and enlarged cross-section type (>1:1). Among them, due to the structural size limitations of the enlarged cross-section type, it has a larger land requirement for the opening site, and it is often impossible to build an enlarged cross-section buffer structure in terrain with small opening space.

[0006] The design parameters of existing buffer structures, such as the location and length of openings, are fixed, making it difficult to design according to the relief needs, resulting in low economic efficiency. At the same time, the construction of existing buffer structures mostly adopts the formwork casting method, which requires the process of laying templates, pouring, and solidification, and the construction steps are complicated and the construction period is long. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a combined buffer structure that can be set with several open sections for lining according to needs, thereby flexibly adjusting the length and other parameters of the buffer structure. At the same time, the buffer structure of the present application is constructed by assembling prefabricated panels, and the installation process can be completed with the help of a lifting mechanism, eliminating the need for template construction and pouring solidification steps of the trolley, simplifying the construction process and improving efficiency.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A combined buffer structure for the entrance of a high-speed railway tunnel, comprising:

[0010] An opening section is connected to the portal lining structure of the tunnel entrance and exit. The opening section includes at least one opening section lining. The opening section lining includes an annular splicing module and two annular connecting modules symmetrically arranged on both sides of the annular splicing module. Adjacent opening section linings are connected by through connecting bars. A cofferdam is provided on the opening section lining. The cavity inside the opening section lining is connected to the outside through the cofferdam.

[0011] The oblique section lining includes an oblique section splicing module, an oblique section connecting module disposed at one end of the oblique section splicing module, and a cap structure disposed at the other end of the oblique section splicing module. The oblique section lining is connected to the open section lining at the end of the open section by through-connecting ribs.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the annular splicing module includes two symmetrical annular splicing units. Each annular splicing unit includes a first annular precast slab, a second annular precast slab, and a third annular precast slab, which are spliced ​​sequentially from bottom to top. One end of the third annular precast slab has a vertical section. The vertical sections of the two annular splicing units are arranged opposite to each other, and precast manhole slabs are connected to both sides of the two vertical sections to form the manhole.

[0013] The ring connection module includes two symmetrically arranged ring connection units. Each ring connection unit includes a first connection prefabricated plate and a second connection prefabricated plate. The end of the first connection prefabricated plate is spliced ​​with the end of the second connection prefabricated plate, and the second connection prefabricated plates of the two ring connection units are spliced ​​together.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lower part of the first connecting precast plate is spliced ​​with the first annular precast plate, and the upper part of the first connecting precast plate is spliced ​​with the lower part of the second annular precast plate.

[0015] The lower part of the second connecting precast slab is spliced ​​with the upper part of the second annular precast slab, and the upper part of the second connecting precast slab is spliced ​​with the third annular precast slab.

[0016] The first, second, and third annular precast plates each have several interlocking grooves on both sides. The first and second connecting precast plates each have several cylindrical bosses on one side. The cylindrical bosses fit into the interlocking grooves so that the annular connecting unit is spliced ​​onto one side of the annular splicing unit.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, a first open section channel is formed in the lower part of the first connecting precast slab and the first annular precast slab respectively; a second open section channel is formed in the upper part of the first connecting precast slab and the lower part of the second annular precast slab respectively; a third open section channel is formed in the lower part of the second connecting precast slab and the upper part of the second annular precast slab respectively; a fourth open section channel is formed in the upper part of the second connecting precast slab and the third annular precast slab respectively; and a fifth open section channel is formed at the upper end of the second connecting precast slab. The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth open section channels of adjacent open section linings correspond to each other.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the oblique segment splicing module includes two symmetrical oblique segment splicing units and a top oblique prefabricated plate. The oblique segment splicing unit includes a first oblique prefabricated plate, a second oblique prefabricated plate, and a third oblique prefabricated plate arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The two ends of the top oblique prefabricated plate are spliced ​​with the third oblique prefabricated plates of the two oblique segment splicing units.

[0019] The oblique segment connection module includes two symmetrical third connection prefabricated plates and a fourth connection prefabricated plate spliced ​​on the two third connection prefabricated plates.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lower part of the third connecting precast slab is spliced ​​with the first oblique-cut precast slab and a first oblique-cut section channel is provided through it; the middle part of the third connecting precast slab is spliced ​​with the second oblique-cut precast slab and a second oblique-cut section channel is provided through it; and the upper part of the third connecting precast slab is spliced ​​with the third oblique-cut precast slab and a third oblique-cut section channel is provided through it.

[0021] The top oblique precast slab and the fourth connecting precast slab are spliced ​​together and have two sets of fourth oblique section channels and two sets of fifth oblique section channels that pass through each other.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first oblique section channel, the second oblique section channel, the third oblique section channel, the fourth oblique section channel and the fifth oblique section channel correspond to the first open section channel, the second open section channel, the third open section channel, the fourth open section channel and the fifth open section channel respectively, and the plurality of open section linings and oblique section linings are connected by connecting ribs.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the port of the oblique section lining is inclined, and the inclination direction is towards the tunnel entrance.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, a first brim is provided at one end of the first oblique precast slab, a second brim is provided at one end of the second oblique precast slab, a third brim is provided at one end of the third oblique precast slab, and a fourth brim is provided at the end of the top oblique precast slab. The first brims of the two first oblique precast slabs, the second brims of the two second oblique precast slabs, the third brims of the two oblique precast slabs, and the fourth brim are spliced ​​together to form the brim structure.

[0025] A construction method for the aforementioned combined buffer structure at the entrance of a high-speed railway tunnel is also provided, the steps of which include:

[0026] S1. Determine the length of the buffer structure and the number of the open section linings according to the required relief rate, and cast several sets of open section base modules and one set of oblique section base modules on site. The number of open section base modules corresponds to the number of open section linings. The open section base module includes two first base prefabricated plates symmetrically arranged on both sides of the railway, and the oblique section base module includes two second base prefabricated plates symmetrically arranged on both sides of the railway.

[0027] S2. The ring splicing units of the ring splicing module are spliced ​​together, and the ring connecting units of the ring connecting module are spliced ​​to both sides of the ring splicing unit to obtain the assembled component;

[0028] S3. Install the assembled components obtained in step S2 onto the first base prefabricated plate of the adjacent terrain slope protection, and install the two assembled components on both sides of the railway symmetrically.

[0029] S4. Install the two prefabricated slabs of the cofferdam onto the two assembled components to obtain the open section lining unit;

[0030] S5. Install the opening section lining units sequentially along the direction away from the terrain slope protection of the railway, with adjacent opening section lining units abutting each other;

[0031] S6. After assembling the oblique segment splicing module, install the oblique segment connecting module on one side of the oblique segment splicing module to obtain the oblique segment lining unit;

[0032] S7. Install the oblique section lining unit from step S6 onto the two second base prefabricated plates, so that the oblique section lining unit abuts against the open section lining unit;

[0033] S8. Cast and connect the oblique section lining unit and the second base precast slab, and cast and connect the open section lining unit and the first base precast slab.

[0034] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows:

[0035] The opening section of the present invention is composed of at least one opening section lining. The number of opening section linings can be changed according to the requirements of the micro-pressure wave mitigation rate, thereby changing the structural length for design. It has a wide range of applications and the parameters can be adjusted flexibly and conveniently.

[0036] This invention utilizes precast slabs for both the open-section lining and the oblique-cut section lining, allowing for on-site assembly. The small size of individual precast slab components facilitates transportation. Furthermore, the assembled components and oblique-cut section lining can be transported by crane to the installation location, eliminating the need for trolley-based pouring operations. Compared to trolley-based construction, this method eliminates the need for pouring and solidification, resulting in higher construction efficiency for the buffer structure and a simpler, more reliable construction process. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention applied to the surface structure outside the cave.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram from another angle of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the lining of the open section is assembled according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the open section base module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ring splicing unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of two sets of ring-shaped connecting units according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the obliquely cut base module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the oblique segment splicing module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 10 This is a structural schematic diagram of the oblique segment connection module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a connecting rib according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] The components include: 1. External surface structure; 2. Topographic slope protection; 3. Opening section lining; 3-1. Cofferdam; 3-2. Wellhead trench; 4. Oblique section lining; 5. Cap structure; 6. Connecting reinforcement; 6-1. Casting hole; 6-2. Connecting reinforcement sealing end;

[0049] 301 First base precast slab; 302 First annular precast slab; 303 Second annular precast slab; 304 Third annular precast slab; 304-1 Vertical part; 305 First connecting precast slab; 306 Second connecting precast slab; 307 Cofferdam precast slab;

[0050] 3a First opening section channel; 3b Second opening section channel; 3c Third opening section channel; 3d Fourth opening section channel; 3e Fifth opening section channel;

[0051] 401 Second base precast slab; 402 First oblique precast slab; 402-1 First brim; 403 Second oblique precast slab; 403-1 Second brim; 404 Third oblique precast slab; 404-1 Third brim; 405 Top oblique precast slab; 405-1 Fourth brim; 406 Third connecting precast slab; 407 Fourth connecting precast slab;

[0052] 5a First oblique section channel; 5b Second oblique section channel; 5c Third oblique section channel; 5d Fourth oblique section channel; 5e Fifth oblique section channel. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0054] like Figures 1 to 10 The high-speed railway tunnel portal combined buffer structure shown includes:

[0055] The opening section is connected to the portal lining structure of the tunnel entrance and exit. The opening section includes 8 sets of opening section linings 3. The opening section lining 3 includes a ring splicing module and two ring connecting modules symmetrically arranged on both sides of the ring splicing module. Adjacent opening section linings 3 are connected by through connecting bars. A cofferdam 3-1 is provided on the opening section lining 3. The cavity inside the opening section lining 3 is connected to the outside through the cofferdam 3-1. The upper end of the cofferdam 3-1 is provided with a ring-shaped wellhead groove 3-2 for installing a protective net to prevent falling rocks from entering the buffer structure.

[0056] The oblique section lining 4 includes an oblique section splicing module, an oblique section connecting module disposed at one end of the oblique section splicing module, and a brim structure 5 disposed at the other end of the oblique section splicing module. The oblique section lining 4 is connected to the open section lining 3 at the end of the open section by a connecting bar.

[0057] See details Figure 6 The ring splicing module includes two symmetrical ring splicing units. Each ring splicing unit includes a first ring precast slab 302, a second ring precast slab 303, and a third ring precast slab 304, which are spliced ​​sequentially from bottom to top. One end of the third ring precast slab 304 has a vertical part 304-1. The vertical parts 304-1 of the two ring splicing units are arranged opposite each other, and the two sides of the two vertical parts 304-1 are connected to the well precast slabs 307 to form the well 3-1.

[0058] See Figure 7 The annular connection module includes two symmetrically arranged annular connection units. Each annular connection unit includes a first connection prefabricated plate 305 and a second connection prefabricated plate 306. The end of the first connection prefabricated plate 305 is spliced ​​with the end of the second connection prefabricated plate 306, and the second connection prefabricated plates 306 of the two annular connection units are spliced ​​together.

[0059] The lower part of the first connecting precast plate 305 is spliced ​​with the first annular precast plate 302, and the upper part of the first connecting precast plate 305 is spliced ​​with the lower part of the second annular precast plate 303. The lower part of the second connecting precast plate 306 is spliced ​​with the upper part of the second annular precast plate 303, and the upper part of the second connecting precast plate 306 is spliced ​​with the third annular precast plate 304.

[0060] See Figure 6 and Figure 7The first annular precast plate 302, the second annular precast plate 303, and the third annular precast plate 304 are provided with several interlocking grooves on both sides. The first connecting precast plate 305 and the second connecting precast plate 306 are provided with several cylindrical bosses on one side. The cylindrical bosses fit into the interlocking grooves so that the annular connecting unit is spliced ​​onto one side of the annular splicing unit. Specifically, the end of the cylindrical boss is hemispherical, the cross-section of the interlocking groove is circular, and its bottom end is hemispherical. The cylindrical bosses fit into the interlocking grooves to quickly position two adjacent components, thereby increasing the assembly efficiency of the open section lining 3 or the oblique section lining 4. Similarly, the annular splicing module and the oblique section splicing module in this embodiment are both spliced ​​using this splicing method.

[0061] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The lower part of the first connecting precast slab 305 is provided with a first open section channel 3a that is perpendicular to the first annular precast slab 302. The upper part of the first connecting precast slab 305 is provided with a second open section channel 3b that is perpendicular to the lower part of the second annular precast slab 303. The lower part of the second connecting precast slab 306 is provided with a third open section channel 3c that is perpendicular to the upper part of the second annular precast slab 303. The upper part of the second connecting precast slab 306 is provided with a fourth open section channel 3d that is perpendicular to the third annular precast slab 304. The upper end of the second connecting precast slab 306 is provided with a penetrating fifth open section channel 3e. The first open section channel 3a, the second open section channel 3b, the third open section channel 3c, the fourth open section channel 3d, and the fifth open section channel 3e of two adjacent open section linings 3 correspond to each other.

[0062] See Figures 9 to 10 The beveled segment splicing module includes two symmetrical beveled segment splicing units and a top beveled prefabricated plate 405. Each beveled segment splicing unit includes a first beveled prefabricated plate 402, a second beveled prefabricated plate 403, and a third beveled prefabricated plate 404, sequentially spliced ​​from bottom to top. The two ends of the top beveled prefabricated plate 405 are spliced ​​to the third beveled prefabricated plates 404 of the two beveled segment splicing units. The beveled segment connection module includes two symmetrical third connection prefabricated plates 406 and a fourth connection prefabricated plate 407 spliced ​​onto the two third connection prefabricated plates 406.

[0063] See Figure 2 , Figure 9 and Figure 10The lower part of the third connecting precast slab 406 is spliced ​​with the first oblique-cut precast slab 402 and has a through-hole 5a. The middle part of the third connecting precast slab 406 is spliced ​​with the second oblique-cut precast slab 403 and has a through-hole 5b. The upper part of the third connecting precast slab 406 is spliced ​​with the third oblique-cut precast slab 404 and has a through-hole 5c. The top oblique-cut precast slab 405 and the fourth connecting precast slab 407 are spliced ​​together and have two sets of through-holes 5d and two sets of through-holes 5e.

[0064] The first oblique-cut section duct 5a, the second oblique-cut section duct 5b, the third oblique-cut section duct 5c, the fourth oblique-cut section duct 5d, and the fifth oblique-cut section duct 5e correspond to the first open section duct 3a, the second open section duct 3b, the third open section duct 3c, the fourth open section duct 3d, and the fifth open section duct 3e, respectively, and are connected by connecting ribs. Specifically, the first oblique-cut section duct 5a corresponds to the first open section duct 3a, the second oblique-cut section duct 5b corresponds to the second open section duct 3b, the third oblique-cut section duct 5c corresponds to the third open section duct 3c, the fourth oblique-cut section duct 5d corresponds to the fourth open section duct 3d, and the fifth oblique-cut section duct 5e corresponds to the fifth open section duct 3e.

[0065] See Figures 1 to 3 The oblique section lining 4 is inclined at its port, with the inclination direction facing the tunnel entrance.

[0066] See Figure 9 The first oblique precast slab 402 has a first brim 402-1 at one end, the second oblique precast slab 403 has a second brim 403-1 at one end, the third oblique precast slab 404 has a third brim 404-1 at one end, and the top oblique precast slab 405 has a fourth brim 405-1 at one end. The first brim 402-1 of the two first oblique precast slabs 402, the second brim 403-1 of the two second oblique precast slabs 403, the third brim 404-1 of the two oblique precast slabs 404, and the fourth brim 405-1 are spliced ​​together to form the brim structure 5.

[0067] The specific steps for constructing a combined buffer structure at the entrance of a high-speed railway tunnel are as follows:

[0068] S1. Determine the length of the buffer structure and the number of the open section lining 3 according to the required relief rate, and cast several sets of open section base modules and one set of oblique section base modules on site. The number of open section base modules corresponds to the number of open section lining 3. The open section base module includes two first base precast plates 301 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the railway, and the oblique section base module includes two second base precast plates 401 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the railway.

[0069] S2. The ring splicing unit of the ring splicing module is spliced ​​together, and the ring connecting unit of the ring connecting module is spliced ​​to both sides of the ring splicing unit to obtain the assembled component. During the splicing and hoisting process, the assembled component can be supported and pre-fixed by the metal tube frame.

[0070] S3. Install the assembled components obtained in step S2 onto the first base precast plate 301 of the adjacent terrain slope protection 2, and install the two assembled components on both sides of the railway symmetrically.

[0071] S4. Install the two prefabricated slabs 307 of the cofferdam 3-1 onto the two assembled components to obtain the open section lining unit. The open section lining unit in this step is obtained after the processes of pouring, filling and covering to obtain the open section lining 3.

[0072] S5. Install the opening section lining units sequentially along the direction away from the terrain slope 2 of the railway, with adjacent opening section lining units abutting each other;

[0073] S6. After the oblique section splicing module is spliced, the oblique section connecting module is installed on one side of the oblique section splicing module to obtain the oblique section lining unit. After the oblique section lining unit goes through the processes of pouring, filling and covering, the oblique section lining 4 is obtained. During the splicing and hoisting process, the oblique section splicing module can be supported and pre-fixed by the metal pipe frame.

[0074] S7. Install the oblique section lining unit from step S6 onto the two second base precast plates 401, so that the oblique section lining unit abuts against the open section lining unit.

[0075] S8. Cast and connect the oblique section lining unit and the second base precast plate 401, and cast and connect the open section lining unit and the first base precast plate 301.

[0076] In this embodiment, the pre-fixing method is achieved by inserting reinforcing bars into the first opening section duct 3a, the second opening section duct 3b, the third opening section duct 3c, the fourth opening section duct 3d, and the fifth opening section duct 3e. The reinforcing bars can be removed from one side to avoid interfering with the subsequent steps of connecting the internal sections of the opening sections and connecting the oblique section lining 4 with the opening sections.

[0077] In this embodiment, after the first open section duct 3a, the second open section duct 3b, the third open section duct 3c, the fourth open section duct 3d, and the fifth open section duct 3e are inserted with the reinforcing bars or connecting bars 6:

[0078] The second annular precast slab 303 and the first annular precast slab 302 are connected and fixed by the first connecting precast slab 305;

[0079] The second annular precast slab 303 and the third annular precast slab 304 are connected and fixed by the second connecting precast slab 306. The connecting precast slabs and the annular precast slabs are staggered in pairs, which reduces the volume of individual components, facilitates transportation, and makes the structure of the assembled components more stable and reliable after splicing.

[0080] Combination Figures 5 to 7 ,as well as Figures 8 to 10 In this embodiment, both the first base precast slab 301 and the second base precast slab 401 are equipped with embedded parts. The bottom of both the open-section lining unit and the oblique-cut lining unit has vertically penetrating mounting holes (not shown in the figure) corresponding to the embedded parts. These mounting holes allow for quick positioning and hoisting of the assembled components onto the open-section base module. Concrete is then poured from above the mounting holes to securely connect the assembled components to the open-section base module. The hoisting and pouring methods for the oblique-cut base module and the oblique-cut lining unit are similar.

[0081] In this embodiment, two methods of connecting the six connecting ribs in series can be selected based on the overall length of the buffer mechanism.

[0082] When the buffer mechanism is relatively short and the number of open-section linings 3 is less than or equal to 3, a continuous reinforcing rib 6 is used for connection and fixation. Specifically, the first oblique-cut section channel 5a and several first-opening section channels 3a of the open-section linings 3 share the same reinforcing rib 6; the second oblique-cut section channel 5b and several second-opening section channels 3b share the same reinforcing rib 6; the third oblique-cut section channel 5c and several third-opening section channels 3c share the same reinforcing rib 6; and the fourth oblique-cut section channel 5d and several fourth-opening section channels 3d share the same reinforcing rib 6. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the fifth oblique-cut section channel 5e and the fifth-opening section channel 3e are used to insert short reinforcing ribs 6 so as not to interfere with the mitigation effect of the well 3-1.

[0083] When the buffer mechanism is relatively short and the number of open section linings 3 is greater than 3, the connecting ribs 6 are installed using an alternating method. (See [reference needed]). Figure 1In the adjacent slope protection unit 2, the second opening section duct 3b and the fourth opening section duct 3d of the open section lining unit ① are filled with concrete. A connecting bar 6 is inserted into the first opening section duct 3a and the third opening section duct 3c of the adjacent open section lining unit ②. The length of the connecting bar 6 is consistent with the length of the two open section lining units (① and ②) in the direction of railway extension. Then, a connecting bar 6 is inserted into the second opening section duct 3b and the fourth opening section duct 3d of the open section lining unit ② and the adjacent open section lining unit ③. The length of the connecting bar 6 is consistent with the length of the two open section lining units (② and ③) in the direction of railway extension. The connecting bars 6 are sequentially inserted to the end of the open section lining unit. Finally, connecting bars 6 are inserted into the ducts of the oblique section lining unit and the remaining ducts of the end open section lining unit, and the remaining ducts of the oblique section lining unit are filled with concrete. This staggered arrangement avoids the use of a single long connecting bar 6, facilitating transportation and construction operations.

[0084] In this embodiment, the connecting rib 6 can be adopted. Figure 11 The tubular structure is sealed at one end (i.e., the sealing end 6-2 of the connecting bar) and has several pouring holes 6-1 arranged in a circumferential array. After the connecting bar 6 is inserted into the hole, concrete is filled into the pipe. The concrete overflows from the pouring hole 6-1 into the gap between the hole and the connecting bar 6. After the concrete solidifies, the connection and fixation of adjacent open sections and the connection and fixation of the oblique cut lining 4 can be achieved.

[0085] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined buffer structure for a high-speed railway tunnel portal, characterized in that, It comprises: An opening section connected with the portal lining structure of the tunnel portal, the opening section comprising at least one opening section lining (3), the opening section lining (3) comprising an annular splicing module and two annular connecting modules symmetrically arranged on both sides of the annular splicing module, two adjacent opening section linings (3) being connected by penetrating connecting ribs, a surrounding well (3-1) being arranged on the opening section lining (3), and the cavity in the opening section lining (3) being connected with the outside through the surrounding well (3-1); An inclined section lining (4) comprising an inclined section splicing module, an inclined section connecting module arranged at one end of the inclined section splicing module, and a brim structure (5) arranged on the other end of the inclined section splicing module, the inclined section lining (4) being connected with the opening section lining (3) at the end of the opening section through penetrating connecting ribs; The annular splicing module comprises two symmetrical annular splicing units, the annular splicing unit comprising a first annular precast slab (302), a second annular precast slab (303), and a third annular precast slab (304) spliced in order from bottom to top, a vertical part (304-1) being vertically arranged at one end of the third annular precast slab (304); the vertical parts (304-1) of the two annular splicing units are oppositely arranged, and surrounding well precast slabs (307) are connected and arranged on both sides of the two vertical parts (304-1) to form the surrounding well (3-1); The annular connecting module comprises two symmetrical annular connecting units, the annular connecting unit comprising a first connecting precast slab (305) and a second connecting precast slab (306) spliced in order from bottom to top, the end of the first connecting precast slab (305) being spliced with the end of the second connecting precast slab (306), and the second connecting precast slabs (306) of the two annular connecting units being spliced; The inclined section splicing module comprises two symmetrical inclined section splicing units and a top inclined precast slab (405), the inclined section splicing unit comprising a first inclined precast slab (402), a second inclined precast slab (403), and a third inclined precast slab (404) spliced in order from bottom to top, and the two ends of the top inclined precast slab (405) being spliced with the third inclined precast slabs (404) of the two inclined section splicing units; The inclined section connecting module comprises two symmetrical third connecting precast slabs (406) and a fourth connecting precast slab (407) spliced on the two third connecting precast slabs (406); One end of the first bevelled precast slab (402) is provided with a first brim part (402-1), one end of the second bevelled precast slab (403) is provided with a second brim part (403-1), one end of the third bevelled precast slab (404) is provided with a third brim part (404-1), and the end of the top bevelled precast slab (405) is provided with a fourth brim part (405-1), the first brim part (402-1) of the two first bevelled precast slabs (402), the second brim part (403-1) of the two second bevelled precast slabs (403), the third brim part (404-1) of the two third bevelled precast slabs (404) and the fourth brim part (405-1) are spliced to form the brim structure (5).

2. A combined buffer structure for a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower part of the first connecting precast slab (305) is spliced with the first annular precast slab (302), and the upper part of the first connecting precast slab (305) is spliced with the lower part of the second annular precast slab (303). The lower part of the second connecting precast slab (306) is spliced with the upper part of the second annular precast slab (303), and the upper part of the second connecting precast slab (306) is spliced with the third annular precast slab (304). Both sides of the first annular precast slab (302), the second annular precast slab (303) and the third annular precast slab (304) are provided with a plurality of pairs of insertion grooves, one side of the first connecting precast slab (305) and the second connecting precast slab (306) is provided with a plurality of cylindrical bosses, and the cylindrical bosses are embedded in the pairs of insertion grooves to splice the annular connecting unit to one side of the annular splicing unit.

3. A combined buffer structure for a high-speed railway tunnel portal according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower part of the first connecting precast slab (305) is provided with a first open section hole (3a) opposite to the first annular precast slab (302), the upper part of the first connecting precast slab (305) is provided with a second open section hole (3b) opposite to the lower part of the second annular precast slab (303), the lower part of the second connecting precast slab (306) is provided with a third open section hole (3c) opposite to the upper part of the second annular precast slab (303), the upper part of the second connecting precast slab (306) is provided with a fourth open section hole (3d) opposite to the third annular precast slab (304), and the upper end of the second connecting precast slab (306) is provided with a fifth open section hole (3e) penetrating through, and the first open section hole (3a), the second open section hole (3b), the third open section hole (3c), the fourth open section hole (3d) and the fifth open section hole (3e) of the adjacent two open section linings (3) correspond to each other.

4. A combined buffer structure for a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower part of the third connecting prefabricated slab (406) is spliced with the first beveling prefabricated slab (402) and a first beveling section hole (5a) is provided through the lower part, the middle part of the third connecting prefabricated slab (406) is spliced with the second beveling prefabricated slab (403) and a second beveling section hole (5b) is provided through the middle part, and the upper part of the third connecting prefabricated slab (406) is spliced with the third beveling prefabricated slab (404) and a third beveling section hole (5c) is provided through the upper part; The top beveling prefabricated slab (405) and the fourth connecting prefabricated slab (407) are spliced and two groups of fourth beveling section holes (5d) and two groups of fifth beveling section holes (5e) are provided through the top beveling prefabricated slab (405) and the fourth connecting prefabricated slab (407).

5. A combined buffer structure for a tunnel portal of a high-speed railway according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first beveling section hole (5a), the second beveling section hole (5b), the third beveling section hole (5c), the fourth beveling section hole (5d) and the fifth beveling section hole (5e) correspond to the first opening section hole (3a), the second opening section hole (3b), the third opening section hole (3c), the fourth opening section hole (3d) and the fifth opening section hole (3e) respectively, and a connecting rib is provided through the holes to connect the opening section lining (3) and the beveling section lining (4).

6. The combined buffer structure of the tunnel portal of high-speed railway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The port of the beveling section lining (4) is inclined, and the inclined direction is towards the tunnel portal.

7. A method for constructing a combined buffer structure for a high-speed railway tunnel portal according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The steps include: S1, determining the length of the buffer structure and the number of the opening section lining (3) according to the required relief rate, pouring a plurality of groups of opening section base modules and a group of beveling section base modules on site, the number of the opening section base modules corresponding to the number of the opening section lining (3); wherein the opening section base module includes two first base prefabricated slabs (301) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the railway, and the beveling section base module includes two second base prefabricated slabs (401) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the railway; S2, splicing the ring splicing unit of the ring splicing module, and splicing the ring connecting unit of the ring connecting module to both sides of the ring splicing unit to obtain an assembly component; S3, installing the assembly component obtained in S2 on the first base prefabricated slab (301) adjacent to the terrain slope protection (2), and symmetrically installing two assembly components on both sides of the railway; S4, installing two well prefabricated slabs (307) of the well (3-1) on the two assembly components to obtain an opening section lining unit; S5, sequentially installing the opening section lining unit in the direction away from the terrain slope protection (2) along the railway, and abutting two adjacent opening section lining units; S6, splicing the beveling section splicing module, and installing the beveling section connecting module on one side of the beveling section splicing module to obtain a beveling section lining unit; S7, installing the beveling section lining unit in S6 on the two second base prefabricated slabs (401) so that the beveling section lining unit abuts against the opening section lining unit; S8, pouring and connecting the beveling section lining unit and the second base prefabricated slab (401), and pouring and connecting the opening section lining unit and the first base prefabricated slab (301).

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