Landslide detection device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological detection, in particular to a landslide detection device, which comprises a shell with a friction sensing surface on the inner wall; the electricity-sensing rotating disc is connected into the shell in a relatively rotating manner, and an electricity-sensing boss is arranged on the peripheral side of the electricity-sensing rotating disc; the driving component comprises a driving piece arranged outside the shell and a transmission piece which is connected with the driving piece, extends into the shell and is used for driving the induction turntable to rotate; the circuit system is arranged in the shell and is electrically connected with the friction sensing surface; wherein the circuit system is configured in the mode that when the driving piece drives the transmission piece to drive the electricity-sensing rotating disc to rotate under the action of external force, the electricity-sensing rotating disc rotates to drive the electricity-sensing boss to rub with the friction sensing surface to generate an electric signal, and the circuit system captures the electric signal and transmits the electric signal to external monitoring equipment. Through the arrangement, ground movement during landslide is converted into rotation of the electricity-sensing rotary table, the electricity-sensing boss rubs against the friction sensing surface to generate an electric signal, and landslide detection is achieved by capturing the electric signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geological detection technology, and in particular to a landslide detection device. Background Art

[0002] Landslide refers to a geological disaster in which soil, rocks and other materials suddenly slide down a slope or a weak surface of a hillside (such as a crack or bedding plane) under the action of gravity. Landslides can cause serious property losses and casualties, especially in mountainous areas, hilly areas and areas with large-scale engineering construction. Landslide detection aims to detect signs of landslides in advance and provide early warning to reduce losses.

[0003] In the existing technology, the mainstream methods for landslide detection include traditional ground observation, remote sensing and automated detection systems. These technologies can be used alone or in combination. In order to achieve all-round detection of landslide displacement, multiple detection equipment are often integrated and work together to provide more comprehensive landslide monitoring information.

[0004] However, in the current landslide detection field, although traditional detection equipment can provide necessary detection data, it usually requires external power supply, which may cause power supply difficulties in remote or difficult-to-reach areas. Although solar power supply can be considered a feasible solution, the solar power supply solution has the problems of many equipment parts, large size, and difficulty in transportation and maintenance. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of at least one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a landslide detection device, which adopts structural improvement to improve the reliability of landslide detection.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a landslide detection device, comprising:

[0007] A shell, wherein the shell has a cylindrical space inside and an inner wall of the shell has a friction sensing surface;

[0008] The inductive rotating disk is relatively rotatably connected to the housing, and the circumferential side of the inductive rotating disk has an inductive boss which is radially protruding;

[0009] A driving assembly, comprising a driving member arranged outside the housing and a transmission member connected to the driving member and extending into the housing to drive the induction turntable to rotate;

[0010] A circuit system, disposed in the housing and electrically connected to the friction sensing surface;

[0011] Among them, the circuit system is configured so that when the driving member drives the transmission member to drive the rotation of the electric turntable when subjected to external force, the rotation of the electric turntable drives the electric boss to rub against the friction sensing surface to generate an electrical signal, and the circuit system captures the electrical signal and transmits it to an external monitoring device.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the housing includes a sleeve, which is cylindrical and is spliced ​​on an axial surface.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the shell further includes end covers detachably connected to both ends of the casing.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the driving member is a pressure plate that can be relatively close to or away from the casing, the transmission member is a rack fixedly connected to the pressure plate, and the casing has a support frame matching the rack.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the support frame is T-shaped, including a long side and a short side perpendicular to the long side, the other end of the short side is fixed to the inner wall of the shell, and the long side has a channel for the rack to pass through.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the cross-section of the channel of the long side and the cross-section of the rack are both convex structures, and the teeth of the rack are arranged to protrude from the side of the long side.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the housing further comprises a radially arranged first partition, the first partition being rotatably connected with a gear assembly for engaging with the transmission member to drive the rotation of the inductive rotary disk;

[0018] The gear assembly includes a first gear meshed with the rack, a double gear meshed with the first gear, and a gear shaft passing through the partition and coaxially connected to the inductive rotating disk, wherein the gear shaft meshes with the double gear.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the inductive bosses are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction, the friction sensing surfaces are evenly spaced correspondingly on the inner wall of the shell, and two inductive turntables are provided and fixed at both ends of the gear shaft.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the housing further has two radially extending fixed long rods, which are axially arranged outside the two inductive rotary disks to maintain the spacing between the two inductive rotary disks and avoid tooth disengagement of the gear assembly.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, a second partition is detachably provided in the shell, and the second partition is arranged on the side of the gear assembly away from the first partition. The gear shaft passes through the second partition and is rotatable relative to the second partition. The shell also has a locking rod that passes through the side wall of the shell and is inserted into the side wall of the second partition.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: through the arrangement of the friction sensing surface in the shell and the electric-sensing boss on the electric-sensing turntable, when a landslide occurs, the ground movement will be transmitted to the driving component, and the displacement of the driving component will drive the rotation of the electric-sensing turntable, thereby generating friction between the electric-sensing boss and the friction sensing surface, thereby causing the accumulation and transfer of electric charges to generate an electric signal, which is captured by the circuit system and transmitted to the external monitoring device, thereby realizing real-time monitoring and early warning of the landslide; compared with the prior art, the present invention does not rely on external power supply, is simple to maintain, has low operating costs, and has a simple structure, which is easy to manufacture and promote. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the landslide detection device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the explosion decomposition structure of the landslide detection device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the explosion decomposition structure of the landslide detection device in an embodiment of the present invention (end cover omitted);

[0027] Figure 4 is a side view of a landslide detection device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 In the embodiment of the present invention Figure 4 AA section view in the figure;

[0029] Figure 6 In the embodiment of the present invention Figure 5 A local enlarged view of point B in FIG.

[0030] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the driving structure of the gear assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of an inductive rotating disk in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the expanded structure inside the housing in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the detection of the landslide detection device in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Shell; 11. Friction sensing surface; 12. Sleeve; 13. End cover; 14. Support frame; 14a. Short side; 14b. Long side; 2. Inductive turntable; 21. Inductive boss; 3. Drive assembly; 31. Drive member; 32. Transmission member; 4. Circuit system; 51. First partition; 52. Second partition; 6. Gear assembly; 61. First gear; 62. Double gear; 63. Gear shaft; 71. Fixed long rod; 72. Locking rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0036] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0038] In the current field of landslide monitoring, although traditional detection equipment can provide necessary monitoring data, they usually require external power supply, which may encounter power supply difficulties in remote or difficult-to-reach mountainous areas. In order to overcome this challenge, researchers began to explore the introduction of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology into landslide monitoring equipment. TENG uses the displacement current principle and can capture a variety of energy in the environment, such as wind energy, waves, raindrop energy, vibration energy, and energy generated by human movement through the interaction of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, and effectively convert it into electrical energy. TENG has attracted attention for its advantages such as high sensitivity, significant voltage output, simple structural design, economic cost, compact size, light weight, high flexibility, diverse material selection, and environmental friendliness. In addition, TENG also shows great application prospects in the development of self-powered sensors, including but not limited to water quality detection, wind speed measurement, biochemical analysis of trace liquids, and real-time monitoring of vibration. For example, a TENG-based bending sensor is proposed in the related art, which uses polydimethylsiloxane and a rubber tube coated with carbon electrodes as the friction layer of the sensing unit, and electrical signals can appear during repeated bending. The sensor has high sensitivity (the output voltage under pressure is 5.20V / N, and the output voltage under bending is 1.61V / rad) and good stability (more than 4×104 cycles). However, the sensor is expensive and complicated to prepare. The preparation process of the self-powered sensor needs to be further improved. This application proposes a self-powered sensor based on TENG that is easier to prepare and is used for real-time monitoring of landslides.

[0039] In addition, the related technology also proposed a TENG-based tubular self-powered sensor composed of polytetrafluoroethylene and aluminum. The sensor is simple to prepare, low in cost, and has high sensitivity (when the relative sliding speed is 0.05m / s, there is a voltage of 1.31V and a current output of 0.17μA); however, the signal generated by the sensor is transmitted using Bluetooth wireless communication technology, which cannot meet actual needs in field landslide monitoring applications.

[0040] Therefore, the preparation process of the above self-powered sensors needs to be further improved. This application proposes a self-powered sensor based on TENG that is easier to prepare and is used for real-time monitoring of landslides. Some embodiments of this application are exemplarily introduced below.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 9 The landslide detection device shown in the figure comprises a housing 1, an inductive rotating disk 2, a driving component 3 and a circuit system 4, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the shell 1 has a cylindrical space inside, and the inner wall of the shell 1 has a friction sensing surface 11; the inductive turntable 2 is relatively rotatably connected to the shell 1, and the circumferential side of the inductive turntable 2 has an inductive boss 21 with a radial protrusion; in some embodiments of the present invention, the friction sensing surface 11 is a surface that contacts with the inductive boss 21 and generates a friction electric effect, and its material has a high electron affinity to ensure that it can effectively attract or release charges; for example, it can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene, aluminum oxide or polydimethylsiloxane; the inductive boss 21 is a component that contacts with the friction sensing surface 11 and generates an electrical signal through friction, and its material should have a high positive or negative charge to form a significant charge separation. In some embodiments of the present invention, the inductive boss 21 can It can be made of polyethylene, nylon or polymethyl methacrylate; in some possible combinations, the inductive boss 21 is made of polyethylene, and the friction sensing surface 11 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. This combination can produce a strong separation of negative and positive charges, and is suitable for landslide detection areas that require efficient electrical signal generation; or the inductive boss 21 is made of nylon, and the friction sensing surface 11 is made of polydimethylsiloxane. This combination can provide better flexible contact and durability, and is suitable for environments that require a certain degree of deformation adaptability and durability; or the inductive boss 21 is made of aluminum oxide, and the friction sensing surface 11 is made of polymethyl methacrylate. The friction sensing surface 11 is made of aluminum oxide. This combination is suitable for high-strength and high-stability application scenarios, such as long-term monitoring equipment.

[0042] The driving assembly 3 includes a driving member 31 arranged outside the shell 1 and a transmission member 32 connected to the driving member 31 and extending into the shell 1 for driving the induction turntable to rotate; the function of the driving assembly 3 is to generate movement by squeezing the external driving member 31 by the ground movement during landslide, and then transmit the movement to the inside to drive the rotation of the induction turntable 2. There are many specific driving structures, such as through the engagement of gears and racks, or using a compressed or stretched spring as a driving source, releasing the spring under the action of external force to drive the rotation of the induction turntable 2, or driving through other hydraulic or pneumatic power, etc. Those skilled in the art can choose according to needs, and the following part of the embodiment of the present invention will give a detailed introduction to one of the methods.

[0043] The circuit system 4 is arranged in the shell 1 and is electrically connected to the friction sensing surface 11. Of course, it should be pointed out here that the capture and transmission of the electrical signal is a conventional setting in the field. For example, electrodes can be set on the friction sensing surface 11, and then the electrical signal can be processed by an amplification or filtering circuit. Regarding the transmission of the signal, a communication signal light can be used for processing.

[0044] For specific detection principles, please refer to Fig.10In the embodiment of the present invention, the circuit system 4 is configured so that when the driving member 31 drives the transmission member 32 to drive the rotation of the inductive turntable 2 under external force, the rotation of the inductive turntable 2 drives the inductive boss 21 to rub against the friction sensing surface 11 to generate an electric signal, and the circuit system 4 captures the electric signal and transmits it to the external monitoring device. That is, when a landslide occurs, the movement of the ground will be transmitted to the detection device, causing the driving component 3 on the device to drive the rotation of the inductive turntable 2, thereby causing the inductive boss 21 to rub against the friction sensing surface 11. This friction action causes the transfer and accumulation of electric charges, thereby generating an electric signal, realizing the function of self-power supply, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the electric signal is also used as an indication signal of the occurrence of a landslide, which is captured by the circuit communication part inside the device and transmitted to the external monitoring device, thereby realizing real-time monitoring and early warning of the landslide.

[0045] In the above embodiment, through the arrangement of the friction sensing surface 11 in the shell 1 and the electric-sensing boss 21 on the electric-sensing turntable 2, when a landslide occurs, the ground movement will be transmitted to the driving component 3, and the displacement of the driving component 3 will drive the rotation of the electric-sensing turntable 2, thereby generating friction between the electric-sensing boss 21 and the friction sensing surface 11, thereby causing the accumulation and transfer of electric charges to generate an electric signal, which is captured by the circuit system 4 and transmitted to the external monitoring device, thereby realizing real-time monitoring and early warning of the landslide; compared with the prior art, the present invention does not rely on external power supply, is simple to maintain, has low operating costs, and has a simple structure, which is easy to manufacture and promote.

[0046] Based on the above examples, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the embodiment of the present invention, the housing 1 includes a sleeve 12, which is cylindrical and spliced ​​on the axial plane. The cylindrical shape here refers to a cylindrical space inside. The structure setting of being divided into two pieces for splicing facilitates the processing of the friction sensing surface 1111 on the inner wall of the sleeve 12. When processing the friction sensing surface 11, it can be realized by slotting and bonding, or by injection molding and other methods.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown in , the housing 1 also includes end caps 13 detachably connected to both ends of the casing 12. The two end caps 13 are respectively located at both ends of the casing 12 to form an internal sealed environment, improve the reliability of the device, and facilitate subsequent maintenance through a detachable connection method. There are many specific detachable connection methods, for example, a groove can be set on the casing 12, and a boss can be set on the end cap 13 for embedded connection, or a screw connection or other structural forms can be used to achieve detachability.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present application, the specific structural form of the driving member 31 is as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the driving member 31 is a pressure plate that can be relatively close to or away from the casing 12, the transmission member 32 is a rack fixedly connected to the pressure plate, and the casing 12 has a support frame 14 matching the rack. It should be pointed out here that in the embodiment of the present invention, the pressure plate is set to an arc surface structure in the direction of the outer wall of the casing 12, and the inner diameter of the inner wall of the pressure plate is the same as the outer diameter of the outer wall of the casing 12. The setting of this structural form is conducive to the movement of the pressure plate. The rack is used to mesh with the inductive turntable 2 internally to drive the rotation of the inductive turntable 2. An exemplary gear structure will be described in detail in the following embodiments of the present invention.

[0049] Please continue to refer to Figures 3 to 6 In order to ensure the reliability of the rack moving in the housing 1, the support frame 14 is T-shaped, including a long side 14b and a short side 14a perpendicular to the long side 14b. The other end of the short side 14a is fixed to the inner wall of the casing 12, and the long side 14b has a channel for the rack to penetrate. Through the T-shaped structural setting, the support frame 14 has three points of contact with the inside of the housing 1, thereby improving the reliability of the support frame 14 fixation; in the embodiment of the present application, the short side 14a is used for structural reinforcement, and the long side 14b is used for the rack to penetrate.

[0050] Please continue to refer to Figure 6 In the embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the channel of the long side 14b and the cross-section of the rack are both convex structures, and the teeth of the rack are protruding from the side of the long side 14b. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, by setting the rack as a convex structure, the rack can move within the long side 14b in the length direction as much as possible, and by setting the teeth to protrude, the reliability of the meshing is ensured. The cooperation of the convex structure provides a guide for the movement of the rack, which can improve the reliability of the transmission.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 7In an embodiment of the present invention, the housing 1 further includes a radially arranged first partition 51, and a gear assembly 6 is rotatably connected to the first partition 51 for engaging with the transmission member 32 to drive the rotation of the inductive turntable 2; the gear assembly 6 includes a first gear 61 engaged with the rack, a double gear 62 engaged with the first gear 61, and a gear shaft 63 passing through the partition and connected coaxially with the inductive turntable 2, and the gear shaft 63 engages with the double gear 62. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the gear shaft 63 is arranged at the center of the first partition 51 and is rotatable relative to the first partition 51; the double gear 62 refers to a coaxial gear having two sizes in the axial direction, the gear with a larger diameter is meshed with the gear shaft 63, the first gear 61 is meshed with the gear with a smaller diameter of the double gear 62, and the rack is meshed with the first gear 61; in the embodiment of the present invention, by setting a suitable gear ratio, the force required to drive the inductive turntable 2 is as small as possible, for example, the diameter of the first gear 61 is larger than the diameter of the smaller gear in the double gear 62, and the diameter of the larger gear in the double gear 62 is larger than the diameter of the gear shaft 63. This arrangement is beneficial to reducing the force required to drive the inductive turntable 2 to improve the detection sensitivity.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the uniformity of the generated electrical signal, as Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown in , the inductive bosses 21 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction, and the friction sensing surfaces 11 are evenly spaced on the inner wall of the housing 1. Through this arrangement, the rotation angle of the inductive turntable 2 required to generate an electrical signal can be reduced; in addition, please refer to Figure 1 Two inductive rotating disks 2 are provided and fixed at both ends of the gear shaft 63. The magnitude of the generated electric signal is increased by the rotation of the two inductive rotating disks 2.

[0053] In addition, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The housing 1 also has two radially extending fixed long rods 71, which are arranged axially outside the two inductive rotating disks 2 to maintain the spacing between the two inductive rotating disks 2 and prevent the gear assembly 6 from disengaging. The fixed long rods 71 ​​can be inserted through the opening on the housing and fixed by snap-fitting or screwing. In addition, lubricating oil or rollers can be provided on the surface of the fixed long rods 71 ​​facing the inductive rotating disks 2 to ensure that the two inductive rotating disks 2 do not disengage.

[0054] Please continue to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to ensure the stability of the rotation of the gear shaft, a second partition plate 52 can be detachably provided in the housing 1. The second partition plate 52 is provided on the side of the gear assembly 6 away from the first partition plate 51. The gear shaft 63 passes through the second partition plate 52 and is rotatably provided relative to the second partition plate 52. The housing 1 also has a locking rod 72 that passes through the side wall of the housing 1 and is plugged into the side wall of the second partition plate 52. When installing, a bearing can be provided between the gear shaft 63 and the first partition plate 51 and the second partition plate 52. The locking rod 72 can be inserted into the side wall of the second partition plate 52 by screwing or plugging. Multiple locking rods 72 can be provided, or a single locking rod 72 can be provided. This structural form improves the reliability of the operation of the device on the one hand, and facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the device on the other hand.

[0055] Through the above arrangement, the landslide detection device of the present invention has a refined structure, a small size, a low manufacturing cost, is less affected by environmental conditions, does not require external power supply or the use of other monitoring means, and thus improves the application prospects of the device.

[0056] Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A landslide detection device, characterized in that: include: A shell, wherein the shell has a cylindrical space inside and an inner wall of the shell has a friction sensing surface; The inductive rotating disk is relatively rotatably connected to the housing, and the circumference of the inductive rotating disk has an inductive boss which is radially protruding; A driving assembly, comprising a driving member arranged outside the housing and a transmission member connected to the driving member and extending into the housing to drive the induction turntable to rotate; A circuit system, disposed in the housing and electrically connected to the friction sensing surface; Among them, the circuit system is configured so that when the driving member drives the transmission member to drive the rotation of the electric turntable when subjected to external force, the rotation of the electric turntable drives the electric boss to rub against the friction sensing surface to generate an electrical signal, and the circuit system captures the electrical signal and transmits it to an external monitoring device.

2. The landslide detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing comprises a sleeve shell which is cylindrical and is spliced ​​and formed on an axial surface.

3. The landslide detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shell also includes end covers detachably connected to the two ends of the sleeve.

4. The landslide detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving member is a pressure plate that can be relatively close to or away from the casing, the transmission member is a rack fixedly connected to the pressure plate, and a supporting frame matching the rack is provided in the casing.

5. The landslide detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support frame is T-shaped, including a long side and a short side perpendicular to the long side, the other end of the short side is fixed to the inner wall of the shell, and the interior of the long side has a channel for the rack to penetrate.

6. The landslide detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cross-section of the channel of the long side and the cross-section of the rack are both convex structures, and the teeth of the rack are arranged to protrude from the side of the long side.

7. The landslide detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The housing also has a first partition plate arranged radially therein, and a gear assembly is rotatably connected to the first partition plate for engaging with the transmission member to drive the rotation of the inductive rotating disk; The gear assembly includes a first gear meshed with the rack, a double gear meshed with the first gear, and a gear shaft passing through the partition and coaxially connected to the inductive rotating disk, wherein the gear shaft meshes with the double gear.

8. The landslide detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inductive bosses are evenly spaced in a circumferential direction, the friction sensing surfaces are evenly spaced on the inner wall of the shell at corresponding intervals, and two inductive rotating disks are provided and fixed at both ends of the gear shaft.

9. The landslide detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The housing is also provided with two radially extending fixed long rods, which are axially arranged outside the two inductive rotating disks to maintain the spacing between the two inductive rotating disks and avoid the gear assembly from being disengaged.

10. The landslide detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second partition is detachably provided in the shell, and the second partition is provided on a side of the gear assembly away from the first partition. The gear shaft passes through the second partition and is rotatable relative to the second partition. The shell also has a locking rod that passes through the side wall of the shell and is inserted into the side wall of the second partition.

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