Power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power generation, and discloses a power generation system based on an ADHP and a PEMFC. The system comprises a waste heat recovery subsystem, an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem and a fuel cell subsystem, the waste heat recovery subsystem is used for recovering heat of tail gas of an external heat source turbocharged engine and heat of reaction of a combustor; the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem obtains heat from an external heat source so as to preheat connected liquid ammonia, and ammonia decomposition reaction is carried out by utilizing the preheated ammonia; the fuel cell subsystem is used for introducing the prepared hydrogen from the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem and carrying out electrochemical reaction based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell by taking the introduced hydrogen and air as reaction raw materials so as to generate electric energy; and the heat generated by the reaction of the combustor is used for preheating the accessed air, so that the heat is provided for the ammonia decomposition reaction of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem, and the heat is conveyed to the waste heat recovery subsystem for heat recovery. The heat efficiency of the power system can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power generation, and in particular to a power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is a clean secondary energy source with excellent characteristics such as high calorific value, good combustion performance, green environmental protection, and recyclability. The only product produced by its reaction with oxygen is water. However, hydrogen is flammable and explosive, and its low volume density makes it difficult to store and transport. Therefore, the terminal use cost of hydrogen energy has remained high. Ammonia, on the other hand, is stable in nature, and its preparation process is mature, so it can be easily obtained, transported, and stored. Using ammonia as a carrier and obtaining hydrogen through ammonia decomposition and coupling it with hydrogen fuel cells has become an effective way to utilize hydrogen energy. However, the existing ammonia decomposition fuel cell system has the defect of low energy utilization, and the heat generated during the combustion process cannot be well utilized, resulting in energy waste. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC, aiming to combine ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen and proton exchange membrane fuel cells to improve the thermal efficiency of the power system.

[0004] The embodiment of the present application provides a power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC, including: A waste heat recovery subsystem is connected to an external heat source to recover heat from the external heat source; an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem, connected to the waste heat recovery subsystem, obtaining heat from the waste heat recovery subsystem to preheat the connected ammonia, and using the preheated ammonia to perform an ammonia decomposition reaction; The fuel cell subsystem is connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem, receives the hydrogen produced from the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem, uses the received hydrogen and air as reaction raw materials to carry out an electrochemical reaction based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell to generate electrical energy, uses the heat generated by the burner reaction to preheat the received air, provides heat for the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem to carry out an ammonia decomposition reaction, and transmits the heat to the waste heat recovery subsystem for heat recovery.

[0005] In some embodiments, the waste heat recovery subsystem includes: A pressurizing unit, connected to the external heat source, pressurizes the external heat source, and preheats the ammonia gas connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem through the pressurized heat source; The waste heat recovery unit is connected to the booster unit to recover the heat in the heat source after heat exchange.

[0006] In some embodiments, the boosting unit includes a first turbocharger and a second turbocharger, the first turbocharger is connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem and the waste heat recovery unit, and can drive the second turbocharger to rotate after rotation; the first turbocharger is connected to the exhaust gas of an external engine, and the connected exhaust gas is pressurized and then transported to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem and the waste heat recovery unit in sequence; the second turbocharger is connected to the external air, and the connected air is pressurized and then transported to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem.

[0007] In some embodiments, the waste heat recovery unit is an organic Rankine cycle topology, a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle power generation topology, or an absorption refrigeration topology.

[0008] In some embodiments, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem comprises: an ammonia decomposition unit, connected to external ammonia, decomposing the connected ammonia at high temperature, connected to the high-temperature gas of the waste heat recovery subsystem and preheating the connected ammonia with the mixed gas obtained by decomposition; A separation unit is connected to the ammonia decomposition unit and the fuel cell subsystem, connected to the mixed gas decomposed in the decomposition unit, performs pressure swing adsorption separation on the mixed gas decomposed, transports the hydrogen obtained by pressure swing adsorption separation to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell subsystem, cools and compresses the ammonia obtained by pressure swing adsorption separation and transports it to the separation unit.

[0009] In some embodiments, the kinetic model of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem is: , , in, is the reaction rate of ammonia decomposition reaction, is the reaction constant of the ammonia decomposition reaction, is the pre-exponential factor, E is the activation energy, is the partial pressure of ammonia, is the partial pressure of hydrogen.

[0010] In some embodiments, the ammonia decomposition unit includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and an ammonia decomposition reactor connected in sequence, and the separation unit includes a pressure swing adsorption separator, a first cooler, a first compressor and a second cooler connected in sequence; the first heat exchanger is connected to external ammonia, and the connected ammonia is heat-exchanged with the heat source of the waste heat recovery subsystem and then transported to the second heat exchanger; the second heat exchanger is heat-exchanged with the connected ammonia and the mixed gas obtained by decomposition of the ammonia decomposition reactor and then transported to the ammonia decomposition reactor; the ammonia decomposition reactor transports the mixed gas obtained by decomposition to the second heat exchanger and the pressure swing adsorption separator in sequence; the pressure swing adsorption separator is connected to the fuel cell subsystem, performs pressure swing adsorption separation on the mixed gas obtained by decomposition, and transports the hydrogen obtained by pressure swing adsorption separation to the fuel cell subsystem, and transports the ammonia obtained by pressure swing adsorption separation to the first cooler, the first compressor and the second cooler in sequence for cooling and compression, so that the cooled and compressed ammonia and the external ammonia are transported to the first heat exchanger.

[0011] In some embodiments, the fuel cell subsystem comprises: A proton exchange membrane fuel cell having an anode side and a cathode side; a heat exchange unit, connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem and the cathode side, connected to external air, and heat-exchanging the connected air with the hydrogen produced by the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem and then transporting the heat to the cathode side; A washing unit is connected to the heat exchange unit and the anode side, receives the hydrogen after heat exchange and the hydrogen separated from the mixed gas output from the anode side, makes the received hydrogen in a water vapor saturated state and transports it to the anode side; A combustion unit is connected to the washing unit and the cathode side, receives the mixed gas output from the cathode side, the impurities separated from the mixed gas output from the anode side, and the external air and performs a combustion reaction, and uses the heat generated by the combustion reaction to preheat the air in the heat exchange unit and provide heat for the ammonia decomposition reaction of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem.

[0012] In some embodiments, the calculation formula for the cell potential of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is: , in, is the battery potential, is the open circuit potential of the battery, For battery overvoltage, is the local current density, is the film thickness, is the membrane conductivity.

[0013] In some embodiments, the heat exchange unit includes a third heat exchanger and a fourth heat exchanger, the washing unit includes a second compressor, a washing device and a separation device, and the combustion unit includes a burner; the third heat exchanger is connected to external air and transported to the fourth heat exchanger and the inlet of the cathode side in sequence, the ammonia decomposition and hydrogen production subsystem transports the produced hydrogen to the third heat exchanger, the second compressor and the washing device in sequence, the washing device makes the connected hydrogen in a water vapor saturated state and transports it to the anode side, the separation device performs gas separation on the mixed gas output from the outlet of the anode side, and transports the separated hydrogen to the washing device, the burner is connected to the mixed gas output from the outlet of the cathode side, the impurities separated by the separation device and the external air and performs a combustion reaction, the heat generated by the combustion reaction is used to heat the ammonia decomposition and hydrogen production subsystem, and the water vapor generated by the combustion reaction is transported to the fourth heat exchanger to preheat the air connected to the inlet of the cathode side.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present application include: integrating a heat recovery subsystem that can recover an external heat source, an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem that can perform ammonia decomposition hydrogen production, and a fuel cell subsystem based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the heat generated by the external heat source and the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell subsystem can be used to assist the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem in performing an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production reaction, and the heat generated by the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production reaction of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem can be used to assist the fuel cell subsystem in performing an electrochemical reaction; the excess heat of both the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production reaction and the electrochemical reaction can be recovered by the heat recovery subsystem and reused, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the power generation system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0017] It should be noted that, although the functional modules are divided in the device schematic diagram and the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown can be performed in a different order than the module division in the device or the order in the flowchart. The terms "first", "second" and the like in the specification, claims and drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0019] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC includes a waste heat recovery subsystem 1 , an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 and a fuel cell subsystem 3 .

[0020] The waste heat recovery subsystem 1 is connected to an external heat source to recover the heat of the external heat source. In the waste heat recovery subsystem 1, by performing multiple heat exchanges with the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 and the fuel cell subsystem 3, excess heat is absorbed from the fuel cell subsystem 3, and the absorbed heat is used for other purposes, such as driving a steam turbine generator to generate electricity, reducing energy loss and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0021] The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 is connected to the waste heat recovery subsystem 1, obtains heat from the waste heat recovery subsystem 1 to preheat the connected ammonia, and uses the preheated ammonia to perform an ammonia decomposition reaction. In the hydrogen replenishment subsystem, heat is obtained from the waste heat recovery subsystem 1 to preheat the connected ammonia, and hydrogen is provided by integrating ammonia decomposition hydrogen production technology. Ammonia decomposition catalysts (such as Ni / Al2O3 and Ru / Al2O3, etc.) can promote ammonia to decompose in a relatively low temperature range (300°C-650°C). When the temperature is 620°C, both catalysts can make the conversion rate of ammonia close to 100%. Hydrogen is separated from the mixed gas obtained by decomposition, and the remaining ammonia after separation is cooled and compressed and then recovered for use in the ammonia decomposition reaction.

[0022] The fuel cell subsystem 3 is connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, and the hydrogen produced from the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 is connected. The connected hydrogen and air are used as reaction raw materials to perform an electrochemical reaction based on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 to generate electrical energy. The heat generated by the electrochemical reaction is used to preheat the connected air, provide heat for the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 to perform an ammonia decomposition reaction, and transport it to the waste heat recovery subsystem 1 for heat recovery. In the fuel cell subsystem 3, the hydrogen produced from the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 and air are used as reaction raw materials to perform an electrochemical reaction based on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31. The electrical energy generated by the electrochemical reaction can be used to supply power to the outside. The heat generated by the burner reaction is used to preheat the connected air and to provide heat for the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 to perform an ammonia decomposition reaction. It is also used to be transported to the waste heat recovery subsystem 1 for heat recovery to improve the thermal efficiency of the power system.

[0023] See again Figure 1In one embodiment, the waste heat recovery subsystem 1 includes a booster unit 11 and a waste heat recovery unit 12. The booster unit 11 is connected to an external heat source to boost the external heat source, and the ammonia gas connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 is preheated by the boosted heat source. The waste heat recovery unit 12 is connected to the booster unit 11 to recover the heat in the heat source after heat exchange.

[0024] The boosting unit 11 boosts the connected external heat source and then transmits it to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, so as to preheat the ammonia gas connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 through the boosted heat source. After preheating the ammonia gas connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, the heat source is then transmitted to the waste heat recovery unit 12, and the waste heat recovery unit 12 recovers the heat in the heat source to provide heat to other facilities.

[0025] More specifically, the boosting unit 11 includes a first turbocharger TURBO1 and a second turbocharger TURBO2. The first turbocharger TURBO1 is connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 and the waste heat recovery unit 12, and can drive the second turbocharger TURBO2 to rotate after rotating; the first turbocharger TURBO1 is connected to the exhaust gas of the external engine, and the connected exhaust gas is pressurized and then transported to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 and the waste heat recovery unit 12 in sequence, and the second turbocharger TURBO2 is connected to the external air, and the connected air is pressurized and then transported to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2.

[0026] In actual application, the first turbocharger TURBO1 is connected to the external ammonia diesel dual-fuel engine and the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, the waste heat recovery unit 12 is connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, the tail gas from the external ammonia diesel dual-fuel engine is connected and turbocharged, the first turbocharger TURBO1 transports the turbocharged tail gas to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, so as to preheat the ammonia gas connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 through the turbocharged tail gas, and the turbocharged tail gas flows to the waste heat recovery unit 12 after passing through the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, and the waste heat recovery unit 12 recovers the heat in the heat source, and the second turbocharger TURBO2 is connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, so as to turbocharge the air connected from the outside and then transport it to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, so that the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 operates under a pressurized environment. The first turbocharger TURBO1 is connected to the tail gas of the ammonia diesel dual-fuel engine and then operates, and the operating first turbocharger TURBO1 drives the second turbocharger TURBO2 to operate.

[0027] The waste heat recovery unit 12 may be an organic Rankine cycle topology, a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle power generation topology or an absorption refrigeration topology. In this embodiment, the waste heat recovery unit 12 is an organic Rankine cycle topology.

[0028] See again Figure 1 In one embodiment, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 includes an ammonia decomposition unit 21 and a separation unit 22. The ammonia decomposition unit 21 is connected to external ammonia, and the ammonia decomposition unit 21 is used to perform high-temperature decomposition of the connected ammonia, and to preheat the connected ammonia by connecting the high-temperature gas of the waste heat recovery subsystem 1 and the mixed gas obtained by decomposition. The separation unit 22 connects the ammonia decomposition unit 21 and the fuel cell subsystem 3, and the separation unit 22 is used to connect the mixed gas obtained by decomposition in the decomposition unit, perform pressure swing adsorption separation on the mixed gas obtained by decomposition, and transport the hydrogen obtained by pressure swing adsorption separation to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 subsystem 3, and cool and compress the ammonia obtained by pressure swing adsorption separation and transport it to the separation unit 22.

[0029] The ammonia decomposition unit 21 is connected to the pre-stored ammonia from the outside. The connected ammonia is preheated by the high-temperature gas connected to the waste heat recovery subsystem 1, and then the preheated ammonia is used to perform a high-temperature ammonia decomposition reaction. The chemical reaction formula of the high-temperature decomposition of ammonia is: 2NH3⇌N2+3H2, The ammonia decomposition unit 21 uses the mixed gas obtained by the high-temperature decomposition of ammonia to preheat the connected ammonia again, and then transports the mixed gas obtained by the high-temperature decomposition of ammonia to the separation unit 22. The separation unit 22 separates hydrogen from the mixed gas obtained by the high-temperature decomposition of ammonia and transports it to the fuel cell subsystem 3. Ammonia is separated from the mixed gas obtained by the high-temperature decomposition of ammonia and is transported to the ammonia decomposition unit 21 again after cooling and compression, and the remaining gas (mainly nitrogen) is directly discharged.

[0030] In a specific embodiment, the kinetic model of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 is: , , in, is the reaction rate of ammonia decomposition reaction, is the reaction constant of the ammonia decomposition reaction, is the pre-exponential factor, E is the activation energy, is the partial pressure of ammonia, is the partial pressure of hydrogen.

[0031] More specifically, the ammonia decomposition unit 21 includes a first heat exchanger HEX1, a second heat exchanger HEX2 and an ammonia decomposition reactor RNH connected in sequence, and the separation unit 22 includes a pressure swing adsorption separator SEP1, a first cooler COOL1, a first compressor COMP1 and a second cooler COOL2 connected in sequence. The first heat exchanger HEX1 is connected to external ammonia, and the connected ammonia is heat-exchanged with the heat source of the waste heat recovery subsystem 1 and then transported to the second heat exchanger HEX2. The second heat exchanger HEX2 exchanges heat between the connected ammonia and the mixed gas obtained by decomposition of the ammonia decomposition reactor RNH and then transports it to the ammonia decomposition reactor RNH. The ammonia decomposition reactor RNH transports the decomposed mixed gas to the second heat exchanger HEX2 and the pressure swing adsorption separator SEP1 in sequence. The pressure swing adsorption separator SEP1 is connected to the fuel cell subsystem 3, and performs pressure swing adsorption separation on the decomposed mixed gas, and transports the hydrogen obtained by the pressure swing adsorption separation to the fuel cell subsystem 3. The ammonia obtained by the pressure swing adsorption separation is sequentially transported to the first cooler COOL1, the first compressor COMP1 and the second cooler COOL2 for cooling and compression, so that the cooled and compressed ammonia and the external ammonia are transported to the first heat exchanger HEX1.

[0032] In actual application, the first heat exchanger HEX1 is connected to the waste heat recovery subsystem 1 and external ammonia, so that the connected ammonia and the high-temperature gas in the waste heat recovery subsystem 1 are heat exchanged to preheat the connected ammonia, and the ammonia output from the first heat exchanger HEX1 enters the second heat exchanger HEX2, and the second heat exchanger HEX2 is connected to the ammonia decomposition reactor RNH, and the mixed gas output from the ammonia decomposition reactor RNH is connected to exchange heat between the connected mixed gas and the connected ammonia to perform secondary preheating on the connected ammonia, and the ammonia output from the second heat exchanger HEX2 enters the ammonia decomposition reactor RNH and undergoes a high-temperature ammonia decomposition reaction, and the mixed gas after heat exchange in the second heat exchanger HEX2 is transported to the pressure swing adsorption separator SEP1. The pressure swing adsorption separator SEP1 performs pressure swing adsorption separation on the connected mixed gas, separates high-concentration hydrogen and transmits it to the fuel cell subsystem 3, separates high-concentration ammonia and transmits it to the first cooler COOL1, and then passes through the first cooler COOL1, the first compressor COMP1 and the second cooler COOL2 for cooling and compression treatment, and then connects to the first heat exchanger HEX1 with external ammonia, and the remaining gas is discharged to the outside of the power generation system.

[0033] See again Figure 1In one embodiment, the fuel cell subsystem 3 includes a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31, a heat exchange unit 32, a washing unit 33 and a combustion unit 34. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 has an anode side and a cathode side, and is used to perform an electrochemical reaction to generate electrical energy. The heat exchange unit 32 connects the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 and the cathode side. The heat exchange unit 32 is connected to the external air, and the air is heat-exchanged with the hydrogen produced by the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 and then transported to the cathode side. The washing unit 33 connects the heat exchange unit 32 and the anode side. The washing unit 33 is connected to the hydrogen after heat exchange and the hydrogen separated from the mixed gas output from the anode side, so that the hydrogen is in a water vapor saturated state and transported to the anode side. The combustion unit 34 is connected to the washing unit 33 and the cathode side. The combustion unit 34 receives the mixed gas output from the cathode side, the impurities separated from the mixed gas output from the anode side, and the external air and performs a combustion reaction. The heat generated by the combustion reaction is used to preheat the air in the heat exchange unit 32 and to provide heat for the ammonia decomposition reaction of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2.

[0034] The reaction formula of the electrochemical reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 is: Anode side: , Cathode side: , The proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 stack is created using Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM), which can be used to calculate the fuel cell voltage at a specified average current density. The heat exchange unit 32 is connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, the washing unit 33 and the cathode side, and is connected to the external air and the hydrogen produced by the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, so that the connected air and hydrogen are heat exchanged to preheat the connected air, and then the connected air is transported to the washing unit 33 and the connected air is connected to the cathode side. The washing unit 33 is connected to the inlet of the anode side and the outlet of the anode side, and washes the hydrogen output from the heat exchange unit 32, so that the connected hydrogen is in a water vapor saturated state and transported to the inlet of the anode side, and the hydrogen that has not undergone electrochemical reaction is separated from the outlet of the anode side and recovered, so that the recovered hydrogen is merged with the hydrogen output from the heat exchange unit 32 and washed. The combustion unit 34 is connected to the heat exchange unit 32 and the outlet on the cathode side, and is connected to the outlet on the cathode side to output the gas that has not undergone electrochemical reaction and the external air and to carry out a combustion reaction. The combustion unit 34 transports a part of the heat source generated by the combustion reaction to the heat exchange unit 32, so that the heat source generated by the combustion reaction and the hydrogen produced by the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 are heat exchanged to preheat the hydrogen produced by the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 again. The heat source after the heat exchange leaves the heat exchange unit 32 and is transported to the heat recovery subsystem. The combustion unit 34 transports another part of the heat source generated by the combustion reaction to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 to provide heat for the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 to carry out the ammonia decomposition reaction.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, the calculation formula of the cell potential of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 is: , in, is the battery potential, is the open circuit potential of the battery, For battery overvoltage, is the local current density, is the film thickness, is the membrane conductivity.

[0036] More specifically, the heat exchange unit 32 includes a third heat exchanger HEX3 and a fourth heat exchanger HEX4, the scrubbing unit 33 includes a second compressor COMP2, a scrubbing device HUM and a separation device SEP2, and the combustion unit 34 includes a burner. The third heat exchanger HEX3 is connected to the external air and transported to the fourth heat exchanger HEX4 and the inlet of the cathode side in sequence, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2 transports the produced hydrogen to the third heat exchanger HEX3, the second compressor COMP2 and the scrubbing device HUM in sequence, the scrubbing device HUM makes the connected hydrogen in a water vapor saturated state and transports it to the anode side, the separation device SEP2 performs gas separation on the mixed gas output from the outlet of the anode side, and transports the separated hydrogen to the scrubbing device HUM, the burner is connected to the mixed gas output from the outlet of the cathode side, the impurities separated by the separation device SEP2 and the external air and performs a combustion reaction, the heat generated by the combustion reaction is used to heat the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem 2, and the water vapor generated by the combustion reaction is transported to the fourth heat exchanger HEX4 to preheat the air connected to the inlet of the cathode side.

[0037] In summary, the power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC provided in the embodiment of the present application integrates a heat recovery subsystem that can recover an external heat source, an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem that can perform ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen, and a fuel cell subsystem based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The heat generated by the external heat source and the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell subsystem can be used to assist the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem in performing an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production reaction, and the heat generated by the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production reaction of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem can be used to assist the fuel cell subsystem in performing an electrochemical reaction. The excess heat of both the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production reaction and the electrochemical reaction is recovered by the heat recovery subsystem and reused, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the power generation system.

[0038] It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist at the same time, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0039] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the rights of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope and essence of the present invention should be within the scope of the rights of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC, characterized in that: include: A waste heat recovery subsystem is connected to the exhaust gas of the turbocharged engine, an external heat source, to recover the heat of the external heat source; an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem, connected to the waste heat recovery subsystem, obtaining heat from the external heat source to preheat the connected liquid ammonia, and using the preheated ammonia to perform an ammonia decomposition reaction; The fuel cell subsystem is connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem, receives the hydrogen produced from the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem, uses the received hydrogen and air as reaction raw materials to carry out an electrochemical reaction based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell to generate electrical energy, uses the heat generated by the burner reaction to preheat the received air, provides heat for the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem to carry out an ammonia decomposition reaction, and transmits the heat to the waste heat recovery subsystem for heat recovery.

2. The power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery subsystem comprises: A pressurizing unit, connected to the external heat source, pressurizes the external heat source, and preheats the ammonia gas connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem through the pressurized heat source; The waste heat recovery unit is connected to the booster unit to recover the heat in the heat source after heat exchange.

3. The power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC according to claim 2, characterized in that: The boosting unit includes a first turbocharger and a second turbocharger. The first turbocharger is connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem and the waste heat recovery unit, and can drive the second turbocharger to rotate after rotation; the first turbocharger is connected to the exhaust gas of an external engine, and the connected exhaust gas is pressurized and then transported to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem and the waste heat recovery unit in sequence; the second turbocharger is connected to the external air, and the connected air is pressurized and then transported to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem.

4. The power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery unit is an organic Rankine cycle topology, a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle power generation topology or an absorption refrigeration topology.

5. The power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem comprises: an ammonia decomposition unit, connected to external ammonia, decomposing the connected ammonia at high temperature, connected to the high-temperature gas of the waste heat recovery subsystem and preheating the connected ammonia with the mixed gas obtained by decomposition; A separation unit is connected to the ammonia decomposition unit and the fuel cell subsystem, connected to the mixed gas decomposed in the decomposition unit, performs pressure swing adsorption separation on the mixed gas decomposed, transports the hydrogen obtained by pressure swing adsorption separation to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell subsystem, cools and compresses the ammonia obtained by pressure swing adsorption separation and transports it to the separation unit.

6. The power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC according to claim 5, characterized in that: The kinetic model of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem is: ， ， in, is the reaction rate of ammonia decomposition reaction, is the reaction constant of the ammonia decomposition reaction, is the pre-exponential factor, E is the activation energy, is the partial pressure of ammonia, is the partial pressure of hydrogen.

7. The power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition unit includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and an ammonia decomposition reactor connected in sequence, and the separation unit includes a pressure swing adsorption separator, a first cooler, a first compressor and a second cooler connected in sequence; the first heat exchanger is connected to external ammonia, and the connected ammonia is heat-exchanged with the heat source of the waste heat recovery subsystem and then transported to the second heat exchanger; the second heat exchanger is heat-exchanged with the connected ammonia and the mixed gas obtained by decomposition of the ammonia decomposition reactor and then transported to the ammonia decomposition reactor; the ammonia decomposition reactor transports the mixed gas obtained by decomposition to the second heat exchanger and the pressure swing adsorption separator in sequence; the pressure swing adsorption separator is connected to the fuel cell subsystem, performs pressure swing adsorption separation on the mixed gas obtained by decomposition, transports the hydrogen obtained by pressure swing adsorption separation to the fuel cell subsystem, and transports the ammonia obtained by pressure swing adsorption separation to the first cooler, the first compressor and the second cooler in sequence for cooling and compression, so that the cooled and compressed ammonia and the external ammonia are transported to the first heat exchanger.

8. The power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell subsystem comprises: A proton exchange membrane fuel cell having an anode side and a cathode side; a heat exchange unit, connected to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem and the cathode side, connected to external air, and heat-exchanging the connected air with the hydrogen produced by the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem and then transporting the heat to the cathode side; A washing unit is connected to the heat exchange unit and the anode side, receives the hydrogen after heat exchange and the hydrogen separated from the mixed gas output from the anode side, makes the received hydrogen in a water vapor saturated state and transports it to the anode side; A combustion unit is connected to the washing unit and the cathode side, receives the mixed gas output from the cathode side, the impurities separated from the mixed gas output from the anode side, and the external air and performs a combustion reaction, and uses the heat generated by the combustion reaction to preheat the air in the heat exchange unit and provide heat for the ammonia decomposition reaction of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem.

9. The power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC according to claim 8, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the cell potential of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is: ， in, is the battery potential, is the open circuit potential of the battery, For battery overvoltage, is the local current density, is the film thickness, is the membrane conductivity.

10. The power generation system based on ADHP and PEMFC according to claim 8, characterized in that: The heat exchange unit includes a third heat exchanger and a fourth heat exchanger, the washing unit includes a second compressor, a washing device and a separation device, and the combustion unit includes a burner; the third heat exchanger is connected to external air and transported to the fourth heat exchanger and the inlet of the cathode side in sequence, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem transports the produced hydrogen to the third heat exchanger, the second compressor and the washing device in sequence, the washing device makes the connected hydrogen in a water vapor saturated state and transports it to the anode side, the separation device performs gas separation on the mixed gas output from the outlet of the anode side, and transports the separated hydrogen to the washing device, the burner is connected to the mixed gas output from the outlet of the cathode side, the impurities separated by the separation device and the external air and performs a combustion reaction, the heat generated by the combustion reaction is used to heat the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production subsystem, and the water vapor generated by the combustion reaction is transported to the fourth heat exchanger to preheat the air connected to the inlet of the cathode side.

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