Two-dimensional 90-degree coupler with filtering characteristic

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-dimensional 90-degree coupler with a filtering characteristic, and relates to the technical field of antennas. The two-dimensional 90-degree coupler with the filtering characteristic comprises a first one-dimensional 90-degree coupler, a second one-dimensional 90-degree coupler, a third one-dimensional 90-degree coupler, a fourth one-dimensional 90-degree coupler, a first input port group, a first output port group, a second input port group, a second output port group and a filtering assembly. The first input port group, the first one-dimensional 90-degree coupler, the third one-dimensional 90-degree coupler and the first output port group are coupled in sequence; the second input port group, the second one-dimensional 90-degree coupler, the fourth one-dimensional 90-degree coupler and the second output port group are coupled in sequence; the filtering assembly comprises a filtering cross device; and the filtering cross device is respectively coupled with the first one-dimensional 90-degree coupler, the second one-dimensional 90-degree coupler, the third one-dimensional 90-degree coupler and the fourth one-dimensional 90-degree coupler. According to the invention, the problems of complex packaging and difficult integration can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in mobile communication users, people's requirements for communication systems are constantly increasing, and multi-beam antennas with dynamically controllable beam pointing have received great attention. Multi-beam antennas have the advantages of long communication distance, real-time target tracking, and strong anti-interference, so they have been widely used in point-to-point communication, satellite communication, radar systems and other fields.

[0003] Butler matrix is ​​an important beamforming network, and coupler is the most important component of Butler matrix. Currently, the most common design method of two-dimensional beamforming network is to cascade two sets of mutually orthogonal one-dimensional beamforming networks.

[0004] In the prior art, there are few designs of two-dimensional Butler matrices based on two-dimensional couplers. In addition, two-dimensional Butler matrices designed by traditional methods generally require a space frame and an interconnection structure, or use a multi-layer structure, which makes integrated packaging difficult.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to design a two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics, which can solve the problems of complex packaging and difficult integration in the prior art.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics, including a first one-dimensional 90° coupler, a second one-dimensional 90° coupler, a third one-dimensional 90° coupler, a fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler, a first input port group, a first output port group, a second input port group, a second output port group and a filtering component; the first input port group, the first one-dimensional 90° coupler, the third one-dimensional 90° coupler and the first output port group are coupled in sequence; the second input port group, the second one-dimensional 90° coupler, the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler and the second output port group are coupled in sequence; the filtering component includes a filter crossover, and the filter crossover is respectively coupled with the first one-dimensional 90° coupler, the second one-dimensional 90° coupler, the third one-dimensional 90° coupler and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler to filter and distribute signals.

[0008] As an improvement of the above scheme, the filter crossover includes a filter input port group, a 180° filter coupler, a 90° coupler and a filter output port group coupled in sequence; the filter crossover also includes a -90° phase shifter, and the 180° filter coupler and the 90° coupler are also coupled through the -90° phase shifter; the filter input port group includes a first filter input port and a second filter input port, the first filter input port is coupled to a first one-dimensional 90° coupler, and the second filter input port is coupled to a second one-dimensional 90° coupler; the filter output port group includes a third filter output port and a fourth filter output port, the third filter output port is coupled to a third one-dimensional 90° coupler, and the fourth filter output port is coupled to a fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler.

[0009] As an improvement of the above scheme, the filtering component also includes a first filter and a second filter; the first one-dimensional 90° coupler and the third one-dimensional 90° coupler are coupled through the first filter, and the second one-dimensional 90° coupler and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler are coupled through the second filter.

[0010] As an improvement of the above solution, when a signal is input to the first filter input port, the second filter input port and the fourth filter output port are shielded, and when a signal is input to the second filter input port, the first filter input port and the third filter output port are shielded.

[0011] As an improvement of the above-mentioned scheme, the two-dimensional 90° coupler adopts a stripline structure layout, and the stripline structure includes a top ground layer, a top dielectric layer, a middle dielectric layer, a bottom dielectric layer and a bottom ground layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the thickness of the top dielectric layer and the bottom dielectric layer are both greater than the thickness of the middle dielectric layer.

[0012] As an improvement of the above scheme, the 180° filter coupler includes two bottom coupling resonators and two top coupling resonators, one of the bottom coupling resonators is coupled to the first filter input port, and one of the top coupling resonators is coupled to the second filter input port; the 90° coupler includes a bottom coupling line and a top coupling line, and the bottom coupling line and the top coupling line are coupled to the third filter output port and the fourth filter output port respectively.

[0013] As an improvement of the above scheme, the first input port group includes a first input port and a second input port, and the second input port group includes a third input port and a fourth input port; the first output port group includes a fifth output port and a sixth output port, and the second output port group includes a seventh output port and an eighth output port; the second input port, the first one-dimensional 90° coupler, the first filter, the third one-dimensional 90° coupler, the sixth output port, the second filter input port, the top coupling resonator, the fourth filter output port, the top coupling line, the fourth input port and the eighth output port are arranged on the top dielectric layer; the first input port, the fifth output port, the first filter input port, the bottom coupling resonator, the third filter output port, the bottom coupling line, the -90° phase shifter, the third input port, the second one-dimensional 90° coupler, the seventh output port, and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler are arranged on the bottom dielectric layer.

[0014] As an improvement of the above scheme, the second input port, the first one-dimensional 90° coupler, the first filter, the third one-dimensional 90° coupler, the sixth output port, the second filter input port, the top coupled resonator, the fourth filter output port, the top coupled line, the fourth input port and the eighth output port are arranged at the bottom of the top dielectric layer; the first input port, the fifth output port, the first filter input port, the bottom coupled resonator, the third filter output port, the bottom coupled line, the -90° phase shifter, the third input port, the second one-dimensional 90° coupler, the seventh output port, and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler are arranged at the top of the bottom dielectric layer.

[0015] As an improvement of the above solution, the dielectric constants of the top dielectric layer, the middle dielectric layer and the bottom dielectric layer are all 2.55, the heights of the top dielectric layer and the bottom dielectric layer are 1.5 mm, and the height of the middle dielectric layer is 0.25 mm.

[0016] The beneficial effects of implementing the present invention are:

[0017] The two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention forms a two-dimensional 90° coupler through the interaction of multiple one-dimensional 90° couplers, and introduces a filtering crossover therein, thereby solving the problem that a two-dimensional Butler matrix designed by a traditional method requires a space frame and an interconnection structure, or uses a multi-layer structure to cause complex packaging and difficult integration.

[0018] Furthermore, the two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention also adds a first filter and a second filter to ensure that each path from the first input port group and the second input port group to the first output port group and the second output port group has the same filtering characteristics; and the coupling is strengthened through the design of the top dielectric layer, the middle dielectric layer and the bottom dielectric layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a principle diagram of a first embodiment of a two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a principle diagram of a second embodiment of a two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a principle diagram of a filter crossover in a two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the stripline structure of a two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the stripline structure layout of the filter crossbar in the two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the stripline structure layout of the two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the S parameter simulation amplitude result of the two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the phase difference results of the S-parameter simulation of the two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is hereby stated that the directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, outside, etc. that appear or will appear in the text of the present invention are only based on the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and are not specific limitations of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The first embodiment of the two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, it includes a first one-dimensional 90° coupler 101, a second one-dimensional 90° coupler 102, a third one-dimensional 90° coupler 103, a fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler 104, a first input port group 105, a first output port group 106, a second input port group 107, a second output port group 108 and a filtering component 109;

[0029] The first input port group 106, the first one-dimensional 90° coupler 101, the third one-dimensional 90° coupler 103 and the first output port group 106 are coupled in sequence;

[0030] The second input port group 107, the second one-dimensional 90° coupler 102, the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler 104 and the second output port group 108 are coupled in sequence;

[0031] The filtering component 109 includes a filter crossover 110 , which is coupled to the first one-dimensional 90° coupler 101 , the second one-dimensional 90° coupler 102 , the third one-dimensional 90° coupler 103 and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler 104 to filter and distribute signals.

[0032] The two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention is formed by the interaction of multiple one-dimensional 90° couplers, and the filtering crossbar 110 is introduced therein, thereby solving the problem that the two-dimensional Butler matrix designed by the traditional method requires a space frame and an interconnection structure, or uses a multi-layer structure to cause complex packaging and difficult integration.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The second embodiment of the two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 The difference from the first embodiment shown is that in this embodiment, the filter assembly 109 further includes a first filter 111 and a second filter 112;

[0034] The first one-dimensional 90° coupler 101 and the third one-dimensional 90° coupler 103 are coupled via the first filter 111, and the second one-dimensional 90° coupler 102 and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler 104 are coupled via the second filter 112, so as to ensure that each path from the first input port group 105 and the second input port group 107 to the first output port group 106 and the second output port group 108 has the same filtering characteristics.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, the filter crossbar 110 includes a filter input port group 1101, a 180° filter coupler 1102, a 90° coupler 1103 and a filter output port group 1104 coupled in sequence;

[0036] The filter crossover 110 further includes a -90° phase shifter 1105, and the 180° filter coupler 1102 and the 90° coupler 1103 are also coupled via the -90° phase shifter 1105;

[0037] The filter input port group 1101 includes a first filter input port Port1 and a second filter input port Port2, wherein the first filter input port Port1 is coupled to a first one-dimensional 90° coupler 101, and the second filter input port Port2 is coupled to a second one-dimensional 90° coupler 102;

[0038] The filter output port group 1104 includes a third filter output port Port3 and a fourth filter output port Port4 . The third filter output port Port3 is coupled to the third one-dimensional 90° coupler 103 , and the fourth filter output port Port4 is coupled to the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler 104 .

[0039] In the two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention, when signals are input to different input ports of the filter crossover 110, they are output through different output ports. When a signal is input to the first filter input port Port1, the second filter input port Port2 and the fourth filter output port Port4 are shielded, and when a signal is input to the second filter input port Port2, the first filter input port Port1 and the third filter output port Port3 are shielded.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the two-dimensional 90° coupler adopts a stripline structure layout, and the stripline structure includes a top ground layer 201, a top dielectric layer 202, a middle dielectric layer 203, a bottom dielectric layer 204 and a bottom ground layer 205 arranged from top to bottom, and the thickness of the top dielectric layer 202 and the bottom dielectric layer 204 are both greater than the thickness of the middle dielectric layer 203.

[0041] Preferably, the dielectric constants of the top dielectric layer 202, the middle dielectric layer 203 and the bottom dielectric layer 204 are all 2.55, the heights of the top dielectric layer 202 and the bottom dielectric layer 204 are 1.5 mm, and the height of the middle dielectric layer is 0.25 mm. This design makes the middle dielectric layer 203 thinner than the top dielectric layer 202 and the bottom dielectric layer 204, and can achieve strong coupling between the components located in the top dielectric layer 202 and the bottom dielectric layer 204.

[0042] Combination Figure 2 to Figure 6 , illustrating the specific structure of the two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention: the 180° filtering coupler 1102 includes two bottom coupling resonators 1102a and two top coupling resonators 1102b, one of the bottom coupling resonators 1102a is coupled to the first filtering input port Port1, and one of the top coupling resonators 1102b is coupled to the second filtering input port Port2;

[0043] The 90° coupler 1103 includes a bottom coupling line 1103a and a top coupling line 1103b, and the bottom coupling line 1103a and the top coupling line 1103b are coupled to the third filter output port Port3 and the fourth filter output port Port4 respectively.

[0044] It should be noted that the 180° filter coupler 1102 includes two bottom-layer coupled resonators 1102a and two top-layer coupled resonators 1102b, a total of 4 resonators, which provides a higher degree of design freedom. When the length of the coupled resonators (two bottom-layer coupled resonators 1102a and two top-layer coupled resonators 1102b) remains unchanged, the phase increment of the first filter input port Port1 and the second filter input port Port2 in the broadband range is 180°; and for the 90° coupler 1103, when the length of the coupling line (bottom-layer coupled line 1103a and top-layer coupled line 1103b) remains unchanged, the phase increment of the third filter output port Port3 and the fourth filter output port Port4 in the broadband range is 90°.

[0045] The first input port group 105 includes a first input port P1 and a second input port P2, and the second input port group 107 includes a third input port P3 and a fourth input port P4;

[0046] The first output port group 106 includes a fifth output port P5 and a sixth output port P6, and the second output port group 108 includes a seventh output port P7 and an eighth output port P8;

[0047] The second input port P2, the first one-dimensional 90° coupler 101, the first filter 111, the third one-dimensional 90° coupler 103, the sixth output port P6, the second filter input port Port2, the top coupled resonator 1102b, the fourth filter output port Port4, the top coupled line 1103b, the fourth input port P4 and the eighth output port P8 are arranged on the top dielectric layer 202;

[0048] The first input port P1, the fifth output port P5, the first filter input port Port1, the bottom coupling resonator 1102a, the third filter output port Port3, the bottom coupling line 1103a, the -90° phase shifter 1105, the third input port P3, the second one-dimensional 90° coupler 102, the seventh output port P7, and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler 104 are arranged on the bottom dielectric layer 205.

[0049] Further, in order to further strengthen the coupling, the second input port P2, the first one-dimensional 90° coupler 101, the first filter 111, the third one-dimensional 90° coupler 103, the sixth output port P6, the second filter input port Port2, the top coupling resonator 1102b, the fourth filter output port Port4, the top coupling line 1103b, the fourth input port P4 and the eighth output port P8 are arranged at the bottom of the top dielectric layer 202;

[0050] The first input port P1, the fifth output port P5, the first filter input port Port1, the bottom coupling resonator 1102a, the third filter output port Port3, the bottom coupling line 1103a, the -90° phase shifter 1105, the third input port P3, the second one-dimensional 90° coupler 102, the seventh output port P7, and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler 104 are arranged on the top of the bottom dielectric layer 205.

[0051] The two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention is designed and manufactured, with a center frequency of 2.4 GHz and a relative bandwidth of the filter of 6%.

[0052] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the structural simulation takes the input at the third input port P3 as an example, and gives the simulation results of the S parameters and phase difference of the fifth output port P5, the sixth output port P6, the seventh output port P7 and the eighth output port P8 when the signal is input from the third input port P3.

[0053] As can be seen from the figure, the two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention has obvious second-order filtering characteristics, and the working bandwidth is 2.32-2.48GHz. In the passband of the two-dimensional 90° coupler, the return loss is greater than 20dB, and the isolation between the input ports (the first input port P1, the second input port P2, the third input port P3 and the fourth input port P4) is also greater than 13dB. When the signal is input from the third input port P3, the phase difference of the output port in the X direction is 90°±9°, and the phase difference of the output port in the Y direction is -90°±8°. It can be seen from the above results that in the passband of the two-dimensional 90° coupler, the filtering characteristics are excellent, the isolation between the input ports is high, and the phase difference of the output port is stable.

[0054] In summary, the two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics of the present invention forms a two-dimensional 90° coupler through the interaction of multiple one-dimensional 90° couplers, and introduces the filtering crossbar 110 therein, thereby solving the problem that the two-dimensional Butler matrix designed by the traditional method requires a space frame and an interconnection structure, or uses a multi-layer structure to cause complex packaging and difficult integration. Moreover, each path from the first input port group and the second input port group to the first output port group and the second output port group has the same filtering characteristics.

[0055] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics, characterized in that: It includes a first one-dimensional 90° coupler, a second one-dimensional 90° coupler, a third one-dimensional 90° coupler, a fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler, a first input port group, a first output port group, a second input port group, a second output port group and a filtering component; The first input port group, the first one-dimensional 90° coupler, the third one-dimensional 90° coupler and the first output port group are coupled in sequence; The second input port group, the second one-dimensional 90° coupler, the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler and the second output port group are coupled in sequence; The filtering component includes a filter crossover, which is respectively coupled with the first one-dimensional 90° coupler, the second one-dimensional 90° coupler, the third one-dimensional 90° coupler and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler to filter and distribute signals.

2. The two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter crossover comprises a filter input port group, a 180° filter coupler, a 90° coupler and a filter output port group coupled in sequence; The filter crossover further comprises a -90° phase shifter, and the 180° filter coupler and the 90° coupler are further coupled via the -90° phase shifter; The filter input port group includes a first filter input port and a second filter input port, the first filter input port is coupled to a first one-dimensional 90° coupler, and the second filter input port is coupled to a second one-dimensional 90° coupler; The filter output port group includes a third filter output port and a fourth filter output port, the third filter output port is coupled to a third one-dimensional 90° coupler, and the fourth filter output port is coupled to a fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler.

3. The two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The filter assembly also includes a first filter and a second filter; The first one-dimensional 90° coupler and the third one-dimensional 90° coupler are coupled via the first filter, and the second one-dimensional 90° coupler and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler are coupled via the second filter.

4. The two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics according to claim 2, characterized in that: When a signal is input to the first filter input port, the second filter input port and the fourth filter output port are shielded; when a signal is input to the second filter input port, the first filter input port and the third filter output port are shielded.

5. The two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two-dimensional 90° coupler adopts a stripline structure layout, and the stripline structure includes a top ground layer, a top dielectric layer, a middle dielectric layer, a bottom dielectric layer and a bottom ground layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the thickness of the top dielectric layer and the bottom dielectric layer are both greater than the thickness of the middle dielectric layer.

6. The two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics according to claim 5, characterized in that: The 180° filter coupler includes two bottom-layer coupling resonators and two top-layer coupling resonators, one of the bottom-layer coupling resonators is coupled to the first filter input port, and one of the top-layer coupling resonators is coupled to the second filter input port; The 90° coupler includes a bottom coupling line and a top coupling line, and the bottom coupling line and the top coupling line are coupled to the third filter output port and the fourth filter output port respectively.

7. The two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first input port group includes a first input port and a second input port, and the second input port group includes a third input port and a fourth input port; The first output port group includes a fifth output port and a sixth output port, and the second output port group includes a seventh output port and an eighth output port; The second input port, the first one-dimensional 90° coupler, the first filter, the third one-dimensional 90° coupler, the sixth output port, the second filter input port, the top coupled resonator, the fourth filter output port, the top coupled line, the fourth input port and the eighth output port are disposed on the top dielectric layer; The first input port, the fifth output port, the first filter input port, the bottom coupling resonator, the third filter output port, the bottom coupling line, the -90° phase shifter, the third input port, the second one-dimensional 90° coupler, the seventh output port, and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler are arranged on the bottom dielectric layer.

8. The two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second input port, the first one-dimensional 90° coupler, the first filter, the third one-dimensional 90° coupler, the sixth output port, the second filter input port, the top coupled resonator, the fourth filter output port, the top coupled line, the fourth input port and the eighth output port are disposed at the bottom of the top dielectric layer; The first input port, the fifth output port, the first filter input port, the bottom layer coupling resonator, the third filter output port, the bottom layer coupling line, the -90° phase shifter, the third input port, the second one-dimensional 90° coupler, the seventh output port, and the fourth one-dimensional 90° coupler are arranged on the top of the bottom dielectric layer.

9. The two-dimensional 90° coupler with filtering characteristics according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dielectric constants of the top dielectric layer, the middle dielectric layer and the bottom dielectric layer are all 2.

55. The heights of the top dielectric layer and the bottom dielectric layer are 1.5 mm, and the height of the middle dielectric layer is 0.25 mm.

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