Printed circuit board and electronic equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a printed circuit board and electronic equipment. The printed circuit board comprises a board body and an antenna feed source, the plate body comprises a copper laying area and a clearance area, the clearance area is a hollow area in the copper laying area, and the copper laying area comprises a first area and a second area which are divided by the clearance area; the first region and the second region are connected or separated; the antenna feed source passes through the clearance area, one end is connected with the first area, and the other end is connected with the second area to form an antenna feed point. According to the embodiment of the invention, the copper laying area is divided into the first area and the second area through the clearance area, so that the first area and the second area become radiation oscillators of the antenna, the antenna body and the plate body are combined into a whole, an independent antenna is omitted, and the structural space of a product is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of printed circuit boards, in particular to a printed circuit board and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] As people's expectations for being connected anytime and anywhere grow, wearable technology has developed into one of the largest growth industries. Wearable devices such as bracelets, watches, glasses, and true wireless stereo headphones have put forward new requirements in terms of miniaturization, durability, aesthetics, sensor integration, and communication. In particular, the trend towards small and thin and communication performance poses a huge challenge to trying to assemble all components into smaller, thinner, and smarter wearable devices. Antennas play a key role in wearable terminal devices, ensuring the communication performance of wearable devices.

[0003] In traditional antenna design solutions, antenna monomers are generally used to undertake the communication capabilities of the module, such as welding wires, connecting FPC copper sheets, mounting ceramic antennas and other devices. However, antenna monomers take up more physical space, increase the volume of the product, and make it difficult to achieve miniaturization of the device. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present invention are proposed to provide a printed circuit board and a corresponding electronic device that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a printed circuit board, comprising a board body and an antenna feed source;

[0006] The plate body includes a copper-plated area and a clearance area, wherein the clearance area is a hollow area in the copper-plated area, and the copper-plated area includes a first area and a second area divided by the clearance area; the first area is connected to or separated from the second area;

[0007] The antenna feed source passes through the clearance area, one end of which is connected to the first area, and the other end of which is connected to the second area to form an antenna feeding point.

[0008] Optionally, the plate body includes at least two layers, and the at least two layers include a reference stratum;

[0009] The antenna feed source passes through the clearance area in the reference ground layer, connecting the first area and the second area.

[0010] Optionally, one end of the antenna feed source is connected to an edge of the first area, and the other end extends into the second area to form an antenna feeding point.

[0011] Optionally, the printed circuit board further includes: electronic components disposed on the board body;

[0012] When the first region is connected to the second region, the electronic device located on the first region and the electronic device located on the second region are connected through wiring on other layers except the reference ground layer in the connection region between the first region and the second region.

[0013] Optionally, the printed circuit board further includes: electronic components disposed on the board body;

[0014] When the first area is separated from the second area, the electronic devices located on the first area are connected with the electronic devices located on the second area through routing lines arranged in other layers except the reference ground layer in the antenna feed point area; the antenna feed point area is the area around the antenna feed point.

[0015] Optionally, when the first area is connected to the second area, the size of the clearance area is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency and / or a preset antenna impedance.

[0016] Optionally, when the first area is connected to the second area, a size of a connection area between the first area and the second area is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency and / or a preset antenna impedance.

[0017] Optionally, when the first area is connected to the second area, the position of the antenna feeding point is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency and / or a preset antenna impedance.

[0018] Optionally, when the first area is separated from the second area, a gap between the first area and the second area is smaller than a preset threshold, and the preset threshold is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency.

[0019] Optionally, the clearance area is formed by grooving in the copper plating area.

[0020] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device, the electronic device comprising any of the electronic devices described above.

[0021] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention may have the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The embodiment of the present invention provides a printed circuit board and an electronic device, wherein the printed circuit board includes a board body and an antenna feed source; the board body includes a copper-plated area and a clearance area, the clearance area is a hollow area in the copper-plated area, and the copper-plated area includes a first area and a second area divided by the clearance area; the first area is connected to or separated from the second area; the antenna feed source passes through the clearance area, one end is connected to the first area, and the other end is connected to the second area to form an antenna feeding point. The embodiment of the present invention divides the copper-plated area into a first area and a second area through the clearance area, so that the first area and the second area become the radiation array of the antenna, and the antenna body and the board body itself are combined into one, eliminating a separate antenna and reducing the product structure space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of a structure in which an antenna is arranged outside a printed circuit board;

[0024] Figure 2 is a structural block diagram of a printed circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a structural block diagram of another printed circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a structural block diagram of another printed circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a structural block diagram of another printed circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 is a structural block diagram of another printed circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 is a structural block diagram of another printed circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 is a structural block diagram of another printed circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 9 It is a structural block diagram of another printed circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] In the prior art, the antenna is placed outside the circuit board, and the antenna unit occupies a lot of physical space, which increases the volume of the product and makes it difficult to miniaturize the device. Therefore, how to reduce the space occupied by the antenna while ensuring performance has become one of the key issues to be solved in the process of promoting the miniaturization of electronic products. Figure 1 As shown, a structural block diagram of an antenna arranged outside a printed circuit board is shown, wherein the antenna element of the antenna is outside the printed circuit board.

[0034] One of the core concepts of the embodiment of the present invention is to divide the copper-plated area into a first area and a second area through a clearance area, so that the first area and the second area become the radiation array of the antenna, and the antenna body and the board body are combined into one, eliminating a separate antenna and reducing the product structure space.

[0035] Reference Figure 2 , showing a structural block diagram of a printed circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention; referring to Figure 3 , shows a structural block diagram of another printed circuit board provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] The printed circuit board includes a board body 201 and an antenna feed source 202; the board body includes a copper-plated area and a clearance area, the clearance area is a hollow area in the copper-plated area, and the copper-plated area includes a first area and a second area divided by the clearance area; the first area is connected to or separated from the second area; the antenna feed source passes through the clearance area, one end is connected to the first area, and the other end is connected to the second area to form an antenna feeding point.

[0037] In modern electronic devices, antennas are key components of wireless communication systems. Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) usually include a board body and an antenna feed. PCBs are the basic platform for carrying and connecting various electronic components. The board body is the core part of the printed circuit board, which consists of a multi-layer structure and is used to transmit signals and provide power. The antenna feed is a specific component in the antenna system used to transmit signals in and out of the antenna. It usually includes coaxial probes, microstrip lines, etc., which are responsible for efficiently transmitting signals from the transmission line to the radiating part of the antenna. Integrating the antenna feed on the printed circuit board body can achieve a compact design, reduce signal transmission losses, and improve the overall performance of the system. At the same time, this integrated design also helps to optimize the impedance matching and signal integrity of the antenna, ensuring the efficient radiation and receiving capabilities of the antenna at a specific operating frequency.

[0038] To ensure the performance and reliability of the circuit. The copper area refers to a continuous copper foil area laid on the printed circuit board, which is mainly used to provide power and ground planes, help dissipate heat, reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and signal noise, and improve signal integrity and system stability. The copper area can provide a low-impedance path to ensure that each part of the circuit can obtain a stable power supply voltage. It can also serve as a heat dissipation path to help transfer heat from the heating components to other parts of the printed circuit board or the heat sink.

[0039] The clearance zone refers to an area around the antenna where no objects (such as buildings, trees, metal structures, etc.) are allowed to block or interfere with the antenna's radiation field. The setting of the clearance zone ensures that the antenna can freely transmit and receive electromagnetic waves without being affected by reflection, scattering or absorption of physical obstacles, thereby ensuring the signal quality and transmission distance. In printed circuit board design, the clearance zone is a hollow area in the copper-plated area, that is, copper foil is not laid in an area around the antenna to ensure the stability and reliability of the entire system.

[0040] The first area and the second area of ​​the copper-plated area divided by the clearance area are equivalent to the radiating element of the antenna. When the first area and the second area are connected (such as Figure 2 As shown in Figure 1, this is a self-excitation scheme, forming a continuous low-impedance path. This design ensures the continuity of the power supply and ground wires while reducing the impact on the antenna performance. The connecting part is usually designed to be narrow enough to reduce interference with the antenna radiation field. The first area and the second area are completely separated (as shown in Figure 1). Figure 3 As shown in the figure, no connection is made, which is a self-coupling solution. This design can minimize the capacitance effect and electromagnetic interference, ensuring the performance of the antenna. The separated area is usually used for high-frequency antennas or applications with extremely high requirements for antenna performance.

[0041] The antenna feed is a specific component in the antenna system used to transmit signals in and out of the antenna, usually including coaxial probes, microstrip lines, etc. Its main function is to convert the electrical signal transmitted from the transmission line into electromagnetic waves, or to convert the received electromagnetic waves into electrical signals. The design of the antenna feed directly affects the radiation characteristics of the antenna, such as directivity, gain, and efficiency. The antenna feed passes through the clearance area, one end is connected to the first area, and the other end is connected to the second area to form an antenna feeding point, in order to ensure efficient radiation and reception of the antenna, reduce capacitance effects and electromagnetic interference, and optimize the signal transmission path and impedance matching. This design not only improves the performance of the antenna, but also ensures the stability and reliability of the entire system.

[0042] In one embodiment, the board body includes at least two layers, and the at least two layers include a reference ground layer; the antenna feed source passes through the clearance area in the reference ground layer to connect the first area and the second area.

[0043] The body of a printed circuit board includes at least two layers, which is to meet the various needs of circuit design and improve the performance and reliability of the circuit. The multi-layer structure can provide more wiring space to realize complex circuit design while optimizing signal integrity, power management and electromagnetic compatibility. The wiring space of a single-layer printed circuit board is limited, making it difficult to realize complex circuit design. Multi-layer printed circuit boards provide more wiring paths by adding additional signal layers, allowing designers to route more easily and avoid crossing and interference between signal lines. Special power layers and ground layers can also be set up, which can provide low-impedance paths, reduce power noise and signal reflections, and improve signal integrity and transmission quality. In addition, the ground layer can also serve as a shielding layer to reduce electromagnetic interference. By setting up a special power layer, a stable power supply voltage is provided, and voltage fluctuations and power noise are reduced. This helps to ensure that all parts in the circuit can obtain a stable power supply and improve the stability and reliability of the system. By realizing more complex circuit designs in a limited space, electronic devices can be more miniaturized and lightweight. This is particularly important for portable devices and embedded systems.

[0044] In the design of the antenna feed, the feed is connected to the first area and the second area through the clearance area of ​​the reference stratum, mainly for the consideration of electromagnetic compatibility and signal transmission efficiency. First, from the perspective of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), by arranging the feed in the clearance area, the impact of external interference on the antenna system can be effectively reduced, and the interference of the antenna system to the external environment can also be reduced, ensuring the stable operation of the system. The clearance area usually refers to a space without metal or other conductive materials, which can avoid the reflection, refraction or absorption of the signal, thereby ensuring the purity and strength of the signal. Secondly, from the perspective of signal transmission efficiency, directly designing the feed to connect the two areas through the clearance area of ​​the reference stratum can reduce the loss in the signal transmission path and improve the quality and efficiency of signal transmission. In addition, this design also helps to optimize the overall structural layout of the antenna, so that the antenna can achieve better performance in a limited space. In short, such a design can not only improve the working performance of the antenna, but also meet the special needs of specific application scenarios, such as maintaining good communication quality in a complex electromagnetic environment.

[0045] In one embodiment, one end of the antenna feed source is connected to the edge of the first area, and the other end extends into the second area to form an antenna feeding point.

[0046] When one end of the antenna feed source is connected to the edge of the first area, and the other end extends to the second area to form an antenna feed point, there are many considerations and technical principles behind this layout. First of all, from the perspective of physical layout, such a design can make full use of the space inside the antenna structure to achieve a compact design, which is especially important for devices that need to install multiple components in a limited space. For example, in applications such as mobile communication base stations and satellite communication equipment, space utilization efficiency is a key factor.

[0047] From an electromagnetic perspective, the position and shape of the antenna feed directly affect the radiation characteristics and impedance matching of the antenna. Placing one end of the feed at the edge of the first area helps to control the input impedance of the antenna, making it closer to the ideal 50 ohm standard, thereby reducing signal reflection and improving energy transmission efficiency. At the same time, the choice of edge position is also conducive to forming a specific current distribution pattern, which in turn affects the antenna's directional pattern, enabling the antenna to obtain higher gain in a specific direction to meet the needs of directional communication. On the other hand, extending the other end of the feed into the second area to form an antenna feeding point can ensure that the effective radiation area of ​​the antenna is maximized while promoting good coupling between the antenna and the feed line. The feeding point formed in the second area is usually located in the effective radiation area of ​​the antenna, which helps to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna and reduce energy loss. In addition, by adjusting the specific position of the feed point, the resonant frequency of the antenna can also be fine-tuned to better match the working frequency band, thereby optimizing the overall performance of the antenna.

[0048] In one embodiment, the printed circuit board further comprises: an electronic device disposed on the board body;

[0049] When the first region is connected to the second region, the electronic device located on the first region and the electronic device located on the second region are connected through wiring on other layers except the reference ground layer in the connection region between the first region and the second region.

[0050] Setting up electronic devices on printed circuit boards is not only the basis for realizing circuit functions, but also the key to improving product performance, reliability and integration. These electronic devices are of various types, including but not limited to resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, integrated circuits (ICs), connectors, sensors, etc. They each have different functions and work together to complete complex circuit tasks.

[0051] First of all, passive components such as resistors, capacitors and inductors are used to regulate the current, voltage and energy storage in the circuit, and are an indispensable part of building basic circuits. For example, resistors can be used to limit the current and protect other sensitive components in the circuit; capacitors can store charge and play a role in filtering, decoupling and energy storage in the circuit; inductors are often used for filtering and energy storage, especially in high-frequency circuits.

[0052] Secondly, active components such as transistors and integrated circuits are the key to achieving signal amplification, processing and conversion. Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify electrical signals or switch circuits, and are widely used in amplifiers, logic gates and other circuits. Integrated circuits integrate a large number of transistors, resistors, capacitors and other components on a small chip to form circuit modules with specific functions, such as microprocessors, memories, analog-to-digital converters (ADC / DAC, Analog-to-Digital Converter / Digital-to-Analog Converter), etc., which greatly improves the performance and integration of electronic products.

[0053] In addition, connectors and interfaces are used to achieve physical connections between printed circuit boards and other components or external devices, and are important components for data exchange and power supply between systems. Sensors are used to detect environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, etc., and convert these physical quantities into electrical signals for subsequent circuit processing.

[0054] During the design process, the reasonable selection and layout of these electronic devices are essential to improve the performance of printed circuit boards. For example, high-power devices need to consider heat dissipation, sensitive analog circuit parts should be kept away from digital circuits to reduce interference, and the routing of high-speed signal lines needs to follow specific rules to reduce signal reflection and delay. Through careful design, not only can the normal operation of the circuit be ensured, but also the stability and reliability of the entire system can be improved.

[0055] Reference Figure 4 , shows a structural block diagram of another printed circuit board provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 4 The structural scheme for connecting the first area and the second area realizes the antenna function through the self-excitation effect, so it is called the self-excitation scheme. The antenna short-circuit point is set in the connection area between the first area and the second area. The power signal excitation is applied to the antenna feeding point, and the antenna short-circuit point acts as the inductance of the antenna to adapt the connection impedance of the upper and lower antennas. The electrical function connection is achieved by routing the other layers outside the reference ground layer around the antenna short-circuit point.

[0057] The purpose of applying power signal excitation at the antenna feed point is to enable the antenna to effectively transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. The basic function of the antenna is to convert electrical signals into electromagnetic waves or convert electromagnetic waves into electrical signals. This process depends on applying appropriate power signal excitation at the antenna feed point. First of all, from a physical point of view, the antenna feed point is the connection point between the antenna and the transmission line (such as coaxial cable). By applying a power signal at this point, the energy of the electrical signal can be transferred to the antenna, causing it to generate a corresponding electromagnetic field. These electromagnetic fields will propagate in space, forming electromagnetic waves, thereby realizing long-distance transmission of signals. On the contrary, in the receiving mode, the electromagnetic waves captured by the antenna will be converted into electrical signals at the feed point, and then transmitted to the receiving device through the transmission line for processing.

[0058] Secondly, the amplitude and frequency of the applied power signal excitation directly affect the working performance of the antenna. The appropriate power level can ensure that the antenna works in the best condition. Too high power may cause the antenna to overheat or damage, while too low power may not achieve the required communication distance or signal strength. The choice of frequency determines the working frequency band of the antenna. Different application scenarios require different working frequencies to meet specific communication needs.

[0059] Finally, by applying power signal excitation at the antenna feed point, precise control of the antenna radiation characteristics can be achieved. For example, by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the signal, the antenna's radiation pattern can be changed to have a higher gain in a specific direction, thereby achieving directional communication. In addition, multi-antenna systems (such as multiple-input multiple-output systems) can achieve spatial diversity and multipath transmission by applying different power signals at multiple feed points, thereby improving the overall performance and capacity of the system.

[0060] The purpose of making the short-circuit point of the antenna act as the inductance of the antenna and adapting the connection impedance of the upper and lower parts of the antenna is to optimize the overall performance and efficiency of the antenna. The design of the short-circuit point of the antenna can achieve effective impedance matching between the upper and lower parts of the antenna by introducing the inductance effect. The inductance effect can compensate for the capacitance effect of other parts of the antenna, especially in high-frequency applications, the capacitance effect of the antenna will significantly affect its impedance characteristics. By introducing the inductance at the short-circuit point, the capacitance and inductance of the antenna can be balanced, so that the antenna can show better resonance characteristics within a specific frequency range, thereby improving the radiation efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna. The inductance design of the short-circuit point of the antenna can simplify the structure of the antenna and reduce the dependence on the external matching network. In traditional antenna design, an external matching network (such as capacitors and inductors in series or parallel) is usually required to achieve impedance matching, which increases the complexity and cost of the antenna. By designing the short-circuit point inside the antenna, a more compact and simpler antenna structure can be achieved while maintaining good performance. The inductance effect of the short-circuit point of the antenna can also fine-tune the resonant frequency of the antenna to better match the required operating frequency band. This is especially important for multi-band or multi-mode antennas. By adjusting the position and inductance value of the short-circuit point, good matching of the antenna in multiple frequency bands can be achieved, improving the multi-band performance of the antenna. In summary, the short-circuit point of the antenna acts as the inductor of the antenna, and the connection impedance adaptation of the upper and lower parts of the antenna is a key technical means to achieve efficient, compact and multi-functional antenna design.

[0061] By making routing connections on other layers around the antenna short-circuit point, it is possible to avoid introducing unnecessary metal structures around the antenna short-circuit point, thereby reducing the impact on the antenna radiation characteristics and impedance matching. The performance of the antenna is highly dependent on the electromagnetic characteristics of its surrounding environment. Any additional metal structure may cause signal reflection, refraction or absorption, resulting in a decrease in the antenna's radiation efficiency. Therefore, arranging the routing on other layers can effectively isolate these interferences and ensure that the antenna works in the best condition. Using different layers of a multi-layer printed circuit board for routing connections can improve the layout flexibility and density of the circuit. In a multi-layer printed circuit board, each layer can be designed independently, and electrical connections between different layers can be achieved through interlayer vias. This design method can not only meet the complex circuit function requirements, but also achieve higher integration in a limited space. For example, the antenna and high current path can be arranged on the top and bottom layers respectively, and the middle layer is used for signal routing and power management, thereby achieving functional partitioning and optimization.

[0062] In addition, by routing connections on other layers, the electromagnetic compatibility of the circuit can also be improved. Reasonable multi-layer design can reduce crosstalk between signal lines, reduce noise interference, and improve the stability and reliability of the system. Especially in high-frequency applications, signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility are key considerations in the design. Through multi-layer routing, signal paths can be effectively managed to reduce the generation and propagation of noise.

[0063] In one embodiment, the printed circuit board further comprises: an electronic device disposed on the board body;

[0064] When the first area is separated from the second area, the electronic devices located on the first area are connected with the electronic devices located on the second area through routing lines arranged in other layers except the reference ground layer in the antenna feed point area; the antenna feed point area is the area around the antenna feed point.

[0065] Reference Figure 5 , shows a structural block diagram of another printed circuit board provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 5 The traditional solution is to separate the antenna array from the motherboard. The structure of the first area and the second area is separated to achieve the antenna function through the self-coupling effect, so it is called the self-coupling solution. The gap between the first area and the second area forms a capacitive coupling effect, that is, the clearance area at this time can be used as an antenna coupling area. This effect is equivalent to inserting a capacitor in series between the first area and the second area of ​​the copper plating area to connect them. The electrical function connection is achieved through the routing of other layers outside the reference ground layer in the antenna feed point area.

[0067] When there is a certain gap between the first region and the second region, the two regions can be regarded as two parallel conductive planes. According to the basic definition of capacitance, a capacitor is formed between the two parallel conductive planes. When a voltage is applied to one of the regions (such as the first region), charges are accumulated in the region to form an electric field. This electric field will pass through the gap and reach the other region (such as the second region), inducing opposite charges on the second region. In this way, capacitive coupling is formed between the two regions. The capacitive coupling effect allows signals to be transmitted from one region to another without direct physical connection. This contactless signal transmission method is particularly useful in high-frequency circuits because it can reduce losses and interference during signal transmission. In antenna design, capacitive coupling can be used to achieve signal coupling between different parts, such as establishing an effective signal transmission path between the feed point and the radiating part of the antenna. The frequency response characteristics of capacitive coupling depend on the size of the gap and the dielectric constant of the medium. Smaller gaps and higher dielectric constants increase the capacitance value, thereby providing a stronger coupling effect at lower frequencies. Conversely, larger gaps and lower dielectric constants reduce the capacitance value and are suitable for high-frequency applications. By adjusting the size of the gap and the properties of the dielectric, the frequency response of the capacitive coupling can be optimized to provide the best performance within a specific operating frequency band.

[0068] By utilizing the capacitive coupling effect, signal transmission can be achieved without adding additional physical connections, which provides greater flexibility for circuit design. Especially in multi-layer printed circuit board design, a more compact and efficient circuit layout can be achieved by forming capacitive coupling between different layers. This design method not only reduces the complexity of physical connections, but also improves the reliability and stability of the circuit.

[0069] The antenna feed point area is the key part where the antenna connects to the transmission line. The electromagnetic environment in this area has a significant impact on the performance of the antenna. If the traces are arranged on the reference ground layer near the feed point, these traces may introduce additional electromagnetic interference, affecting the radiation efficiency and directivity of the antenna. By routing on layers other than the reference ground layer, these interferences can be effectively avoided to ensure that the antenna works in the best condition. In multi-layer printed circuit board design, by routing on different layers, the signal path can be effectively managed to reduce crosstalk and noise interference between signal lines. Especially in high-frequency applications, signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility are key design considerations. By routing on layers other than the reference ground layer, the generation and propagation of noise can be reduced, and the stability and reliability of the system can be improved.

[0070] The design of multi-layer printed circuit boards allows signal lines, power lines, and ground lines to be arranged independently on different layers, thereby achieving more flexible circuit layout. By routing on layers other than the reference ground layer, higher integration can be achieved in a limited space while maintaining good electrical performance. For example, antennas and high current paths can be arranged on the top and bottom layers respectively, and the middle layer is used for signal routing and power management to achieve functional partitioning and optimization. In addition, a certain clearance area is usually required in the antenna feed point area to reduce interference with antenna performance. If too many traces are arranged on the reference ground layer, this clearance area may be destroyed, affecting the radiation characteristics of the antenna. By routing on other layers, the clearance area in the feed point area can be retained to ensure that the physical structure of the antenna is not disturbed.

[0071] In one embodiment, when the first area is connected to the second area, the size of the clearance area is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency and / or a preset antenna impedance.

[0072] The performance of an antenna is highly dependent on the distribution of the electromagnetic field around it. The presence of a clearance zone can reduce the interference of surrounding metal structures on the antenna's electromagnetic field and ensure the radiation characteristics of the antenna in free space. The size of the clearance zone needs to be optimized according to the operating frequency of the antenna, because the wavelengths of electromagnetic waves at different frequencies are different, and the requirements for the clearance zone are also different. For example, high-frequency antennas require smaller clearance zones, while low-frequency antennas require larger clearance zones. Antenna impedance matching is key to ensuring efficient signal transmission. The input impedance of the antenna needs to match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line (usually 50 ohms) to reduce signal reflection and loss. The size of the clearance zone affects the input impedance of the antenna. By adjusting the size of the clearance zone, the impedance characteristics of the antenna can be fine-tuned to make it closer to the preset impedance value. For example, reducing the size of the clearance zone may increase the capacitance effect of the antenna, thereby reducing the input impedance; increasing the size of the clearance zone can reduce the capacitance effect and increase the input impedance.

[0073] The frequency response and bandwidth of the antenna are its important performance indicators. The size of the clearance area affects the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the antenna. By reasonably designing the size of the clearance area, the frequency response of the antenna can be optimized so that it can perform best within the preset operating frequency band. For example, for narrowband antennas, the size of the clearance area needs to be precisely controlled to ensure that the antenna has high gain and low loss at a specific frequency; for broadband antennas, the size of the clearance area needs to be appropriately relaxed to cover a wider frequency range. The size of the clearance area is also limited by the physical structure and layout of the printed circuit board. In the design of multi-layer printed circuit boards, the size of the clearance area needs to be coordinated with the physical size of the antenna and the layout of other circuit components to achieve a compact and efficient design. By reasonably planning the size of the clearance area, the overall layout of the PCB can be optimized without affecting the performance of the antenna, and the integration and reliability of the system can be improved. The size of the clearance area also has an important impact on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the antenna. Reasonable clearance area design can reduce the electromagnetic interference of the antenna to the surrounding circuits, while reducing the interference of the external electromagnetic environment to the antenna. By adjusting the size of the clearance area, the EMC performance of the antenna can be optimized and the stability and reliability of the system can be improved.

[0074] In one embodiment, when the first area is connected to the second area, a size of a connection area between the first area and the second area is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency and / or a preset antenna impedance.

[0075] Electromagnetic field distribution and antenna performance: The performance of the antenna is highly dependent on the distribution of the electromagnetic field around it. The size of the connection area between the first area and the second area directly affects the distribution of the electromagnetic field. If the connection area is too large, additional parasitic capacitance or inductance may be introduced, affecting the radiation characteristics of the antenna; if the connection area is too small, it may cause poor signal transmission and increase losses. Therefore, the size of the connection area needs to be optimized according to the operating frequency of the antenna to ensure the optimal distribution of the electromagnetic field at that frequency. The impedance matching of the antenna is the key to ensure efficient signal transmission. The input impedance of the antenna needs to match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line (usually 50 ohms) to reduce signal reflection and loss. The size of the connection area affects the input impedance of the antenna. By adjusting the size of the connection area, the impedance characteristics of the antenna can be fine-tuned to make it closer to the preset impedance value. For example, reducing the size of the connection area may increase the capacitance effect of the antenna, thereby reducing the input impedance; increasing the size of the connection area can reduce the capacitance effect and increase the input impedance.

[0076] The frequency response and bandwidth of the antenna are its important performance indicators. The size of the connection area affects the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the antenna. By reasonably designing the size of the connection area, the frequency response of the antenna can be optimized so that it performs best within the preset operating frequency band. For example, for narrowband antennas, the size of the connection area needs to be precisely controlled to ensure that the antenna has high gain and low loss at a specific frequency; for broadband antennas, the size of the connection area needs to be appropriately relaxed to cover a wider frequency range. In addition, the size of the connection area is also limited by the physical structure and layout of the printed circuit board. In the design of multi-layer printed circuit boards, the size of the connection area needs to be coordinated with the physical size of the antenna and the layout of other circuit components to achieve a compact and efficient design. By reasonably planning the size of the connection area, the overall layout of the printed circuit board can be optimized without affecting the performance of the antenna, and the integration and reliability of the system can be improved. The size of the connection area also has an important impact on the electromagnetic compatibility of the antenna. Reasonable design of the connection area can reduce the electromagnetic interference of the antenna to the surrounding circuits, while reducing the interference of the external electromagnetic environment to the antenna. By adjusting the size of the connection area, the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the antenna can be optimized and the stability and reliability of the system can be improved. In high-frequency applications, signal integrity is a key consideration in design. The size of the connection area affects the transmission quality and integrity of the signal. By optimizing the size of the connection area, signal reflection, crosstalk and noise can be reduced, ensuring high quality and low loss of the signal during transmission.

[0077] In one embodiment, when the first area is connected to the second area, the position of the antenna feeding point is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency and / or a preset antenna impedance.

[0078] The impedance matching of the antenna is the key to ensure efficient signal transmission. The input impedance of the antenna needs to match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line (usually 50 ohms) to reduce signal reflection and loss. The position of the antenna feed point directly affects the input impedance of the antenna. By adjusting the position of the feed point, the impedance characteristics of the antenna can be fine-tuned to make it closer to the preset impedance value. The performance of the antenna is highly dependent on the distribution of the electromagnetic field around it. The position of the feed point affects the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna, thereby affecting its radiation efficiency and directivity. At different operating frequencies, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is different, and the requirements for the position of the feed point are also different. By reasonably selecting the position of the feed point, the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna can be optimized to ensure the best radiation efficiency and directivity at the preset operating frequency.

[0079] The frequency response and bandwidth of an antenna are its important performance indicators. The location of the feed point affects the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the antenna. By adjusting the location of the feed point, the frequency response of the antenna can be optimized so that it performs best within the preset operating frequency band. For example, for narrowband antennas, the location of the feed point needs to be precisely controlled to ensure that the antenna has high gain and low loss at a specific frequency; for broadband antennas, the location of the feed point needs to be properly adjusted to cover a wider frequency range. In multi-layer printed circuit board design, the location of the feed point needs to be coordinated with the physical size of the antenna and the layout of other circuit components to achieve a compact and efficient design. By rationally planning the location of the feed point, the overall layout of the printed circuit board can be optimized without affecting the performance of the antenna, thereby improving the integration and reliability of the system.

[0080] Reasonable feed point design can reduce the electromagnetic interference of the antenna to the surrounding circuits, and reduce the interference of the external electromagnetic environment to the antenna. By adjusting the position of the feed point, the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the antenna can be optimized and the stability and reliability of the system can be improved. In high-frequency applications, the position of the feed point will affect the transmission quality and integrity of the signal. By optimizing the position of the feed point, signal reflection, crosstalk and noise can be reduced, ensuring high quality and low loss of the signal during transmission.

[0081] In one embodiment, when the first area is separated from the second area, the gap between the first area and the second area is smaller than a preset threshold, and the preset threshold is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency.

[0082] The operating frequency of the antenna directly affects the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. In high-frequency applications, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is shorter, and the coupling effect between the antenna parts is more significant. If the gap between the first area and the second area is too large, the electromagnetic field coupling will be weakened, affecting the radiation efficiency and directivity of the antenna. By controlling the gap within the preset threshold, sufficient capacitive coupling or inductive coupling can be ensured to maintain good performance of the antenna.

[0083] The impedance matching of the antenna is the key to ensure efficient signal transmission. The gap between the first area and the second area affects the input impedance of the antenna. If the gap is too large, the capacitance effect of the antenna will increase, resulting in changes in the input impedance and affecting the impedance matching. By controlling the gap within the preset threshold, the input impedance of the antenna can be fine-tuned to make it closer to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line (usually 50 ohms), reducing signal reflection and loss. The size of the gap affects the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the antenna. By controlling the gap within the preset threshold, the frequency response of the antenna can be optimized to perform optimally within the preset operating frequency band. For example, for narrowband antennas, the gap needs to be precisely controlled to ensure that the antenna has high gain and low loss at a specific frequency; for broadband antennas, the gap needs to be adjusted appropriately to cover a wider frequency range.

[0084] In multi-layer printed circuit board design, the size of the gap needs to be coordinated with the physical size of the antenna and the layout of other circuit components to achieve a compact and efficient design. By properly planning the size of the gap, the overall layout of the printed circuit board can be optimized without affecting the performance of the antenna, and the integration and reliability of the system can be improved. Reasonable gap design can reduce the electromagnetic interference of the antenna to the surrounding circuits, while reducing the interference of the external electromagnetic environment to the antenna. By controlling the gap within the preset threshold, the EMC performance of the antenna can be optimized and the stability and reliability of the system can be improved. The size of the gap affects the transmission quality and integrity of the signal. By controlling the gap within the preset threshold, signal reflection, crosstalk and noise can be reduced, ensuring high quality and low loss of the signal during transmission.

[0085] During the manufacturing and testing process, the size of the gap needs to be easy to control and measure. The setting of the preset threshold can provide a clear manufacturing standard to ensure the consistency and reliability of the antenna during the production process. By controlling the gap within the preset threshold, the manufacturing process can be simplified, the production efficiency can be improved, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

[0086] In one embodiment, the clearance area is formed by trenching in the copper plating area.

[0087] In circuit board design, clearance area refers to the non-conductive space maintained around certain key components or between specific areas and other conductive parts in order to meet electrical safety requirements or avoid signal interference. When the clearance area is formed by slotting in the copper area, its main purpose is to ensure that the current in these areas will not leak through unnecessary paths, thereby reducing electromagnetic interference, improving signal integrity and preventing potential risks such as short circuits. For example, in high-frequency circuit design, appropriate clearance area can effectively reduce crosstalk between signals and ensure circuit performance; while in high-voltage circuits, it is to ensure sufficient electrical clearance to prevent breakdown and arc discharge. In addition, the clearance areas formed by slotting can also help optimize thermal management, because they can serve as heat dissipation channels to promote air circulation, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the circuit board. In short, by carefully designing the clearance area in the copper area, not only can the functionality and reliability of the circuit board be improved, but also various strict industry standards and specifications can be met.

[0088] The shape design of the clearance zone slot is mainly based on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements, product structure design requirements, and antenna performance optimization. First of all, from the perspective of EMC, the purpose of the clearance zone slot is to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) to ensure that the electromagnetic field generated inside the device does not interfere with the outside world, and also prevent the external electromagnetic interference from affecting the normal operation of the device. Therefore, the shape of the slot needs to be determined according to factors such as the operating frequency of the device, the location and intensity of the radiation source, so as to achieve the best shielding effect. Secondly, the requirements of product structure design are also an important factor in determining the shape of the slot. For example, when designing wearable devices such as smart watches or bracelets, considering the wearing comfort and appearance, the shape of the slot often needs to match the product shape, which may be round, oval or customized. Finally, in order to optimize the antenna performance, the shape of the slot also needs to be combined with the antenna design parameters, such as gain, bandwidth and directivity. For example, in mobile phone design, in order to ensure the quality of signal reception, the clearance zone around the antenna may be designed as a long strip or L-shaped to ensure that the antenna has a large enough unobstructed area, thereby improving the communication quality. In summary, the shape of the slot in the clearance area is the result of comprehensive consideration of electromagnetic compatibility, product design and antenna performance.

[0089] Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 A variant structural block diagram of a printed circuit board provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0090] In order to meet the diversity of device layout on printed circuit boards, different effects can be achieved according to specific application requirements. Figure 6 and Figure 7Another self-excitation scheme when the first area is connected to the second area, due to different specific applications, the position and shape of the first area and the second area are different. Figure 2 The location and shape of the clearance area are also different. Figure 6 and Figure 7 Can be applied to bracelets and watches respectively; Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The first region is separated from the second region by a self-coupling variant, wherein the positions and shapes of the first region and the second region are different from Figure 3 The location and shape of the clearance area are also different. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 They can be applied to wireless networks (wifi) and tws headphones (True Wireless Stereo) respectively.

[0091] The embodiment of the present invention provides a printed circuit board and an electronic device, wherein the printed circuit board includes a board body and an antenna feed source; the board body includes a copper-plated area and a clearance area, the clearance area is a hollow area in the copper-plated area, and the copper-plated area includes a first area and a second area divided by the clearance area; the first area is connected to or separated from the second area; the antenna feed source passes through the clearance area, one end is connected to the first area, and the other end is connected to the second area to form an antenna feeding point. The embodiment of the present invention divides the copper-plated area into a first area and a second area through the clearance area, so that the first area and the second area become the radiation array of the antenna, and the antenna body and the board body itself are combined into one, eliminating a separate antenna and reducing the product structure space.

[0092] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including each process of the above-mentioned printed circuit board embodiment.

[0093] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0094] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, devices, or computer program products. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0095] The embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0096] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0097] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device including the elements.

[0098] A printed circuit board and an electronic device provided by the present invention are introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principle and implementation mode of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation mode and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A printed circuit board, characterized in that: Including board body and antenna feed; The plate body includes a copper-plated area and a clearance area, wherein the clearance area is a hollow area in the copper-plated area, and the copper-plated area includes a first area and a second area divided by the clearance area; the first area is connected to or separated from the second area; The antenna feed source passes through the clearance area, one end of which is connected to the first area, and the other end of which is connected to the second area to form an antenna feeding point.

2. The printed circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plate body comprises at least two layers, wherein the at least two layers comprise a reference stratum; The antenna feed source passes through the clearance area in the reference ground layer, connecting the first area and the second area.

3. The printed circuit board according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the antenna feed source is connected to the edge of the first area, and the other end extends into the second area to form an antenna feeding point.

4. The printed circuit board according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: An electronic device disposed on the board; When the first region is connected to the second region, the electronic device located on the first region and the electronic device located on the second region are connected through wiring on other layers except the reference ground layer in the connection region between the first region and the second region.

5. The printed circuit board according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: An electronic device disposed on the board; When the first area is separated from the second area, the electronic devices located on the first area are connected with the electronic devices located on the second area through routing lines arranged in other layers except the reference ground layer in the antenna feed point area; the antenna feed point area is the area around the antenna feed point.

6. The printed circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the first area is connected to the second area, the size of the clearance area is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency and / or a preset antenna impedance.

7. The printed circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the first area is connected to the second area, a size of a connection area between the first area and the second area is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency and / or a preset antenna impedance.

8. The printed circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the first area is connected to the second area, the position of the antenna feeding point is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency and / or a preset antenna impedance.

9. The printed circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the first area is separated from the second area, the gap between the first area and the second area is smaller than a preset threshold, and the preset threshold is determined according to a preset antenna operating frequency.

10. The printed circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clearance area is formed by slotting in the copper plating area.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that: Comprising a printed circuit board as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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