Solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of solar panel automatic tracking systems, and more specifically to a solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow differences. The system includes a solar panel, a rib, a bracket, an adjustment module, a detection module, a control module, an adjustment information determination module, and a communication module. The rib is vertically connected to the surface of the solar panel and located at the center, and the rib divides the solar panel into equal parts, a left side and a right side. The adjustment module is connected between the solar panel and the bracket and is used to adjust the angle of the solar panel. The detection module is used to detect and obtain information about the power of the solar panel. The control module obtains the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel. The adjustment information determination module obtains information about whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted. The above-mentioned method of using shadow differences to determine the angle of sunlight reduces reliance on photoelectric sensors and improves the accuracy of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar panel automatic tracking systems, and in particular to a solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow differences. Background Art

[0002] The efficiency of solar panels' power generation depends on the angle at which they face the sun, so improving the panels' ability to track the sun is crucial.

[0003] The application document with publication number CN110955267A discloses a tracking solar panel, including a solar panel, a lifting device installed at the center of the lower surface of the solar panel, and multiple photoelectric sensors distributed on the upper surface of the solar panel. The lifting device and each photoelectric sensor are respectively connected to a control system.

[0004] The photoelectric sensors in the existing technology are easily affected by dust, pollution and occlusion, and require regular cleaning and calibration. Especially in multi-sensor configurations, the failure rate is high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to improve the tracking accuracy. In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, an automatic tracking system for solar panels based on shadow differences is proposed.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference, the system includes a solar panel, a rib, a bracket, an adjustment module, a detection module, a control module, an adjustment information determination module and a communication module; the solar panel is rotatably connected to the bracket; the rib is perpendicularly connected to the surface of the solar panel and located at the center, and the rib divides the solar panel into equal parts of the left and right sides; the adjustment module is connected between the solar panel and the bracket, and the adjustment module is used to adjust the angle of the solar panel; the detection module is used to detect and obtain information on the power of the solar panel and transmit it to the control module; the control module obtains the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel based on the power information of the solar panel and transmits it to the adjustment information determination module; the adjustment information determination module obtains information on whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted based on the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel and transmits it to the communication module; the communication module transmits the information on whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted to the user end.

[0008] Optionally, the system also includes a starting module; the adjustment information determination module also transmits information that the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted to the starting module; the starting module starts the detection module after receiving the information; the detection module is used to detect and obtain relevant information about the ridges, ambient temperature, and sunlight, and transmit it to the control module; the control module obtains the updated angle of the solar panel based on the relevant information about the ridges, ambient temperature, and sunlight, and transmits it to the adjustment module and the communication module; the adjustment module adjusts the angle of the solar panel based on the updated angle of the solar panel; the communication module transmits the updated angle of the solar panel to the user end.

[0009] Optionally, the detection module includes a power detection submodule, a visual detection submodule, an information setting submodule, a temperature detection submodule and an altitude angle detection submodule; the power detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, and transmit them to the control module; the visual detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the current angle of the solar panel, and transmit them to the control module; the information setting submodule is used to set the height of the ridge, the width of the ridge, the scale factor, the projection factor, the angle attenuation factor and the ambient temperature factor, and transmit them to the control module; the temperature detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment, and transmit it to the control module; the altitude angle detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the altitude angle of sunlight, and transmit it to the control module; the control module adjusts the angle of sunlight according to the power on the left side of the solar panel and the ambient temperature factor. The power difference and adjustment factor between the left and right sides of the solar panel are obtained from the power on the right side of the solar panel, the maximum projection area of ​​the ridge is obtained according to the height and width of the ridge, the ridge projection area difference index is obtained according to the height of the ridge, the altitude angle of sunlight, the current angle of the solar panel and the width of the ridge, the relationship function is obtained according to the projection factor, the ridge projection area difference index, the maximum projection area of ​​the ridge, the angle attenuation factor, the current angle of the solar panel, the ambient temperature factor and the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment, the angle adjustment index of the solar panel is obtained according to the relationship function, the proportional factor, the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel, the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, and the updated angle of the solar panel is obtained according to the current angle of the solar panel, the angle adjustment index of the solar panel and the adjustment factor.

[0010] Optionally, the visual detection submodule includes an acquisition unit, a preprocessing unit, a feature recognition unit and a calculation unit; the acquisition unit is used to capture and obtain an initial image; the preprocessing unit preprocesses the initial image; the feature recognition unit identifies features in the preprocessed initial image through an image processing algorithm; the calculation unit calculates the current angle of the solar panel based on the identified feature information and transmits it to the control module.

[0011] Optionally, when the control module calculates the update angle of the solar panel, the following formula is satisfied:

[0012] θ new =θ current -θ adjust ×D; where θ new is the update angle of the solar panel, θ current is the current angle of the solar panel, θ adjust is the angle adjustment index of the solar panel, and D is the adjustment factor.

[0013] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0014] 1. Setting ridges on the surface of solar panels and using shadow differences to determine the angle of sunlight. This method reduces dependence on photoelectric sensors, thereby significantly reducing costs, avoiding the failure and maintenance problems caused by photoelectric sensors, and improving the stability and durability of the system;

[0015] 2. The system includes a detection module, a control module, an adjustment information determination module and a communication module, forming a relatively complete closed-loop feedback structure. Multiple modules work in coordination to achieve more accurate angle adjustment.

[0016] To further understand the features and technical contents of the present invention, please refer to the following detailed description and drawings of the present invention. However, the drawings provided are only for reference and illustration and are not intended to limit the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the detection module in the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the visual detection submodule in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is the effect diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the detection module in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a rendering of the second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is an explanation of the embodiments of the present invention through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can understand the advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified and changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In addition, the drawings of the present invention are only for simple schematic illustrations and are not depicted according to actual dimensions. It is stated in advance. The following embodiments will further explain the relevant technical contents of the present invention in detail, but the disclosed contents are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1: This example provides a solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference, combined with Figures 1 to 4 shown.

[0026] A solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference, the system includes a solar panel, a rib, a bracket, an adjustment module, a detection module, a control module, an adjustment information determination module and a communication module; the solar panel is rotatably connected to the bracket; the rib is perpendicularly connected to the surface of the solar panel and located at the center, and the rib divides the solar panel into equal parts of the left and right sides; the adjustment module is connected between the solar panel and the bracket, and the adjustment module is used to adjust the angle of the solar panel; the detection module is used to detect and obtain information on the power of the solar panel and transmit it to the control module; the control module obtains the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel based on the power information of the solar panel and transmits it to the adjustment information determination module; the adjustment information determination module obtains information on whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted based on the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel and transmits it to the communication module; the communication module transmits the information on whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted to the user end.

[0027] Specifically, the adjustment module can be a motor. By providing a ridge on the surface of the solar panel, when the panel is not facing the sun, the ridge's shadow will partially cover the solar panel, resulting in an imbalance in the power output on both sides of the solar panel. The system detects the difference in power on both sides and determines whether the solar panel needs adjustment.

[0028] Optionally, the control module calculates the difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel using the following formula:

[0029] ΔP=|P L -P R |;

[0030] Among them, ΔP is the difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel, P L is the power on the left side of the solar panel, PR is the power on the right side of the solar panel.

[0031] When the control module calculates the difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel, refer to the following program code:

[0032]

[0033] delta_P=calculate_power_difference(P_L,P_R)

[0034] print("Power difference ΔP:",delta_P)

[0035] Optionally, the system also includes a starting module; the adjustment information determination module also transmits information that the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted to the starting module; the starting module starts the detection module after receiving the information; the detection module is used to detect and obtain relevant information about the ridges, ambient temperature, and sunlight, and transmit it to the control module; the control module obtains the updated angle of the solar panel based on the relevant information about the ridges, ambient temperature, and sunlight, and transmits it to the adjustment module and the communication module; the adjustment module adjusts the angle of the solar panel based on the updated angle of the solar panel; the communication module transmits the updated angle of the solar panel to the user end.

[0036] Optionally, the detection module includes a power detection submodule, a visual detection submodule, an information setting submodule, a temperature detection submodule and an altitude angle detection submodule; the power detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, and transmit them to the control module; the visual detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the current angle of the solar panel, and transmit them to the control module; the information setting submodule is used to set the height of the ridge, the width of the ridge, the scale factor, the projection factor, the angle attenuation factor and the ambient temperature factor, and transmit them to the control module; the temperature detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment, and transmit it to the control module; the altitude angle detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the altitude angle of sunlight, and transmit it to the control module; the control module adjusts the angle of sunlight according to the power on the left side of the solar panel and the ambient temperature factor. The power difference and adjustment factor between the left and right sides of the solar panel are obtained from the power on the right side of the solar panel, the maximum projection area of ​​the ridge is obtained according to the height and width of the ridge, the ridge projection area difference index is obtained according to the height of the ridge, the altitude angle of sunlight, the current angle of the solar panel and the width of the ridge, the relationship function is obtained according to the projection factor, the ridge projection area difference index, the maximum projection area of ​​the ridge, the angle attenuation factor, the current angle of the solar panel, the ambient temperature factor and the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment, the angle adjustment index of the solar panel is obtained according to the relationship function, the proportional factor, the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel, the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, and the updated angle of the solar panel is obtained according to the current angle of the solar panel, the angle adjustment index of the solar panel and the adjustment factor.

[0037] Optionally, the visual detection submodule includes an acquisition unit, a preprocessing unit, a feature recognition unit and a calculation unit; the acquisition unit is used to capture and obtain an initial image; the preprocessing unit preprocesses the initial image; the feature recognition unit identifies features in the preprocessed initial image through an image processing algorithm; the calculation unit calculates the current angle of the solar panel based on the identified feature information and transmits it to the control module.

[0038] Optionally, when the control module calculates the update angle of the solar panel, the following formula is satisfied:

[0039] θ new =θ current -θ adjust ×D; where θ new is the update angle of the solar panel, θ current is the current angle of the solar panel, θ adjust is the angle adjustment index of the solar panel, and D is the adjustment factor.

[0040] Optionally, the control module satisfies the following formula during calculation:

[0041]

[0042] A proj =|h×tan(θ sun )-h×tan(θ sun +|θ sun -θ current |)|×w;

[0043] A max =h×w;

[0044]

[0045] Among them, P L is the power on the left side of the solar panel, P R is the power on the right side of the solar panel, γ is the proportional factor, f(A proj ,θ current ,T env ) is the relation function;

[0046] α is the projection factor, A proj A is the difference index of the ridge projection area, max is the maximum projected area of ​​the ridge, β is the angle attenuation factor, κ is the ambient temperature factor, T env Ambient temperature before adjusting for solar panels;

[0047] h is the height of the ridge, θ sun is the altitude angle of sunlight, and w is the width of the ridge.

[0048] When the control module calculates the updated angle of the solar panel, refer to the following program code:

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Specifically, the units of the solar panel update angle, the current angle of the solar panel, the solar panel angle adjustment index, and the solar altitude angle are all in degrees. The solar altitude angle is the angle between sunlight and the horizon. The units of the ridge projected area difference index and the ridge maximum projected area are both in square centimeters. The unit of the ambient temperature before the solar panel adjustment is in degrees Celsius. The units of the ridge height and the ridge width are both in centimeters.

[0052] The proportional factor is determined by those skilled in the art through experiments. After multiple adjustments are made to the system, the technicians adjust the angle of the solar panel, knowing the difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel. This difference is within the target range, which is set by those skilled in the art. That is, the angle adjustment value for each experiment can be the value corresponding to the reasonable difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel obtained by those skilled in the art. The following is a detailed example to explain this. Regarding the proportional factor, the following formula is applied: Where n is the number of experimental samples, θ a,i is the angle adjustment value of the solar panel corresponding to the i-th experiment, ΔP i The difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel before the adjustment for the i-th experiment corresponds to a proportional factor of 1.9 in this embodiment; a projection factor of 0.8 in this embodiment; an angle attenuation factor of 0.05 in this embodiment; and an ambient temperature factor of 0.005 in this embodiment.

[0053] The above units are only examples, and those skilled in the art may set different units according to actual needs when implementing this solution.

[0054] This embodiment addresses the low accuracy of traditional tracking systems by placing ridges on the surface of the solar panels and using shadow differences to determine the angle of sunlight. This approach reduces reliance on photoelectric sensors, significantly reducing costs, avoiding the failure and maintenance issues associated with photoelectric sensors, and improving system stability and durability.

[0055] Example 2: This example includes all the contents of Example 1, and provides a solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference, combined with Figures 5 to 7 shown.

[0056] A solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow differences, the system also includes a work determination module;

[0057] The detection module also includes a power detection submodule, a light intensity detection submodule and an incident angle detection submodule;

[0058] The power detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the actual value of the solar panel output power and transmit it to the control module;

[0059] The light intensity detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the sunlight intensity and transmit it to the control module;

[0060] The incident angle detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the solar incident angle and transmit it to the control module;

[0061] The information setting submodule is further used to set a first threshold value of the ambient temperature after the solar panel is adjusted, a second threshold value of the ambient temperature after the solar panel is adjusted, and the area of ​​the solar panel, and transmit the values ​​to the control module;

[0062] The temperature detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel and transmit it to the control module;

[0063] The control module obtains a theoretical value of the output power of the solar panel based on the area of ​​the solar panel, the solar illumination intensity, and the solar incident angle; obtains an ambient temperature impact index based on the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel, a first threshold value of the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel, and a second threshold value of the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel; obtains a calculated index of the output power of the solar panel based on the measured value of the output power of the solar panel and the ambient temperature impact index; obtains a work index of the solar panel based on the calculated index of the output power of the solar panel and the theoretical value of the output power of the solar panel; and transmits the work index of the solar panel to the work determination module;

[0064] The work determination module obtains information on whether the work of the solar panel is normal according to the work index of the solar panel and transmits it to the communication module;

[0065] The communication module transmits the work index of the solar panel to the user end.

[0066] Specifically, the work performance determination module makes a determination based on the following principles: when the work performance index of the solar panel is greater than or equal to a selection threshold of the work performance index of the solar panel, it indicates that the work performance of the solar panel is abnormal; when the work performance index of the solar panel is less than the selection threshold of the work performance index of the solar panel, it indicates that the work performance of the solar panel is normal; the selection threshold of the work performance index of the solar panel is set by those skilled in the art.

[0067] Optionally, when the control module calculates the work index of the solar panel, the following formula is satisfied:

[0068]

[0069] P j =P a ×Temp;

[0070]

[0071] P e =s×Ι sun ×cos(θ r );

[0072] Among them, Pd is the work index of the solar panel, P j is the calculation index of the output power of the solar panel, P e is the theoretical value of the solar panel output power;

[0073] P a is the measured value of the solar panel output power, Temp is the ambient temperature impact index, wd is the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel, temp1 is the first threshold value of the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel, and temp2 is the second threshold value of the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel;

[0074] s is the area of ​​the solar panel, sun is the sunlight intensity, θ r is the solar incidence angle.

[0075] When the control module calculates the work index of the solar panel, refer to the following program code:

[0076]

[0077] Pd=abs((Pj-Pe) / Pj)

[0078] Specifically, the calculated solar panel output power indicator, the theoretical solar panel output power value, and the measured solar panel output power value are all expressed in watts. The first and second threshold values ​​for the adjusted ambient temperature of the solar panel are set by those skilled in the art. The area of ​​the solar panel is expressed in square centimeters; the solar intensity is expressed in watts per square centimeter; and the solar incidence angle is the angle between the sun's rays and the normal to the solar panel.

[0079] The measured value of the solar panel output power is calculated through current and voltage. Changes in ambient temperature have a significant impact on the output power of the solar panel. As the ambient temperature increases, the voltage of the solar panel usually decreases. Although the current may increase slightly, the voltage drop is often more obvious. Therefore, the measured value of the solar panel output power will decrease. In a low temperature environment, the voltage of the solar panel will increase, while the current may remain unchanged or decrease slightly. Since the effect of the voltage increase on power is usually more significant, the measured value of the solar panel output power will increase.

[0080] The above units are only examples, and those skilled in the art may set different units according to actual needs when implementing this solution.

[0081] This embodiment solves the problem of the traditional tracking system being relatively single. The addition of the power detection submodule enables the system to evaluate the power generation efficiency of the panel in real time, facilitating a quick response to possible faults or abnormal conditions.

[0082] The contents disclosed above are only preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical changes made using the contents of the present invention description and drawings are included in the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the elements therein can be updated as technology develops.

Claims

1. Solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference, characterized by: The system includes a solar cell panel, ribs, a bracket, an adjustment module, a detection module, a control module, an adjustment information determination module and a communication module; The solar cell panel is rotatably connected to the bracket; The ridge is vertically connected to the surface of the solar cell panel and is located at the center, and the ridge divides the solar cell panel into a left side and a right side with equal parts; The adjustment module is connected between the solar panel and the bracket, and is used to adjust the angle of the solar panel; The detection module is used to detect and obtain information about the power of the solar panel and transmit it to the control module; The control module obtains the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel based on the power information of the solar panel, and transmits the difference to the adjustment information determination module; The adjustment information determination module determines whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted based on the difference in power between the left and right sides of the solar panel, and transmits the information to the communication module; The communication module transmits information on whether the angle of the solar panel needs to be adjusted to the user end; The control module obtains the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel and the adjustment factor based on the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, obtains the maximum projection area of ​​the ridge based on the height of the ridge and the width of the ridge, obtains the ridge projection area difference index based on the height of the ridge, the altitude angle of sunlight, the current angle of the solar panel and the width of the ridge, obtains the relationship function based on the projection factor, the ridge projection area difference index, the maximum projection area of ​​the ridge, the angle attenuation factor, the current angle of the solar panel, the ambient temperature factor and the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment, obtains the angle adjustment index of the solar panel based on the relationship function, the proportional factor, the power difference between the left and right sides of the solar panel, the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, and obtains the updated angle of the solar panel based on the current angle of the solar panel, the angle adjustment index of the solar panel and the adjustment factor; The detection module also detects the output power of the solar panel. The work determination module determines that the work of the solar panel is abnormal when the work index of the solar panel is greater than or equal to the selected threshold of the work index of the solar panel, otherwise it is normal.

2. The solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a startup module; The adjustment information determination module further transmits information about the need to adjust the angle of the solar panel to the starting module; The starting module starts the detection module after receiving the information; The detection module is used to detect and obtain relevant information about the ridges, ambient temperature, and sunlight, and transmit it to the control module; The control module obtains the updated angle of the solar panel based on the relevant information of the ridges, ambient temperature and sunlight, and transmits it to the adjustment module and the communication module; The adjustment module adjusts the angle of the solar panel according to the updated angle of the solar panel; The communication module transmits the updated angle of the solar panel to the user end.

3. The solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection module includes a power detection submodule, a visual detection submodule, an information setting submodule, a temperature detection submodule and an altitude angle detection submodule; The power detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the power on the left side of the solar panel and the power on the right side of the solar panel, and transmit the result to the control module; The visual detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the current angle of the solar panel and transmit it to the control module; The information setting submodule is used to set the height of the ridge, the width of the ridge, the scale factor, the projection factor, the angle attenuation factor and the ambient temperature factor, and transmit the information to the control module; The temperature detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the ambient temperature of the solar panel before adjustment, and transmit it to the control module; The altitude angle detection submodule is used to detect and obtain the altitude angle of sunlight and transmit it to the control module.

4. The solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference according to claim 3, characterized in that: The visual detection submodule includes an acquisition unit, a preprocessing unit, a feature recognition unit and a calculation unit; The acquisition unit is used to capture and obtain an initial image; The preprocessing unit preprocesses the initial image; The feature recognition unit recognizes features in the pre-processed initial image through an image processing algorithm; The calculation unit calculates the current angle of the solar panel based on the identified feature information and transmits the calculated angle to the control module.

5. The solar panel automatic tracking system based on shadow difference according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the control module calculates the update angle of the solar panel, the following formula is satisfied: ； in, is the updated angle of the solar panel, is the current angle of the solar panel, Angle adjustment indicator for solar panels, is the adjustment factor.

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