Road tunnel lighting system and method based on traffic flow and external environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a road tunnel lighting system and method based on traffic flow and external environment. Relates to the technical field of highway tunnel lighting. At present, a traditional road tunnel lighting system mode neglects factors such as tunnel external environment change and traffic flow density, so that energy waste and poor lighting effect are caused, especially under day and night alternation, weather change or special traffic conditions; according to the system, information such as traffic flow, environment illumination intensity and meteorological conditions inside and outside a tunnel is collected in real time through multiple sensors, and the illumination brightness inside the tunnel is dynamically adjusted by combining calculation and dimming strategies of a central control unit so as to cope with different traffic and weather conditions; according to the road tunnel lighting system and method, through dimming control, the energy utilization efficiency can be remarkably improved while traffic safety is guaranteed, and high economic benefits and social benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of highway tunnel lighting, and in particular to a highway tunnel lighting system and method based on traffic flow and external environment. Background Art

[0002] In today's highway transportation field, with its rapid development, the number of highway tunnels is increasing, and they have become key nodes in the highway network. In the operation of highway tunnels, the lighting system plays a vital role. Its core purpose is to ensure driving safety, provide drivers with a clear and comfortable visual environment, and ensure that vehicles can pass through the tunnel safely and smoothly. In fact, due to the limitations of traditional technology, most of the existing highway tunnel lighting systems use fixed lighting modes or simple timed dimming, which makes it difficult to dynamically adjust the brightness according to the complex and changeable actual working conditions.

[0003] In daily operations, this traditional lighting mode will inevitably produce many disadvantages, which makes the tunnel lighting system have a certain degree of energy waste and poor lighting effect. This inefficient lighting performance will seriously affect the overall performance of the system in situations such as large fluctuations in traffic flow and complex and changeable weather conditions.

[0004] Existing highway tunnel lighting systems generally use timed switches or constant brightness lighting. Although this method can provide basic lighting needs in some cases, it cannot dynamically adjust the light intensity according to factors such as the environment inside and outside the tunnel, traffic flow, and weather. For example, in the late night and other periods of low traffic flow, there are few vehicles. If high-intensity lighting is still maintained, a lot of unnecessary electricity will be consumed, while in fact, only a lower brightness is needed to meet the traffic needs of a small number of vehicles. At the same time, different weather conditions, such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, foggy, etc., the external light varies greatly. Fixed lighting brightness cannot meet the driver's visual needs and easily cause safety hazards. For example, in foggy days, light scattering is serious. If the lighting brightness is not increased accordingly, the driver is very likely to have obstructed vision and misjudgment.

[0005] In addition, during the transition period between day and night, the intensity of external light changes rapidly. If the lighting in the tunnel cannot be adjusted in time, on the one hand, it will cause energy waste due to excessive brightness, and on the other hand, it may cause visual fatigue and blind spots for drivers due to too low brightness. Moreover, when encountering special traffic conditions, such as sudden traffic congestion or a sudden increase in traffic density, the low brightness of the existing lighting system is not conducive to the driver's timely perception of the surrounding road conditions, increasing the risk of accidents.

[0006] In summary, how to dynamically adjust the lighting intensity to achieve energy saving and safety while ensuring driving safety in the tunnel has become a major challenge in the current technical field. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a tunnel lighting dimming method and system based on real-time environmental perception and automatic adjustment of traffic flow. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a highway tunnel lighting system and method based on traffic flow and external environment. The technical problem to be solved is that the current highway tunnel lighting system mostly adopts a fixed brightness or a simple timed dimming method. This traditional method ignores factors such as changes in the tunnel's external environment and traffic density, resulting in energy waste and poor lighting effects. Especially under the alternation of day and night, weather changes or special traffic conditions, the lighting brightness in the tunnel fails to adapt in time, which may cause driver visual fatigue, blind spots or energy waste.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions: A highway tunnel lighting system based on traffic flow and external environment includes: a data acquisition unit, a central control unit, a dimming execution unit and a remote monitoring unit.

[0009] Wherein: the data acquisition unit, the central control unit and the dimming execution unit are electrically connected in sequence, and the central control unit is electrically connected to the remote monitoring unit.

[0010] The data acquisition unit is used for collecting tunnel traffic and environmental information, including a vehicle information acquisition module, an environmental acquisition module and a climate acquisition module.

[0011] The data collection unit installs a vehicle information collection module at a set position in the tunnel. The set position of the vehicle information collection module in the tunnel includes the tunnel entrance and exit, and is used to collect traffic flow information in real time, including vehicle flow and vehicle speed data.

[0012] The environment acquisition module is installed at a set position in the tunnel. The set position of the environment acquisition module in the tunnel includes the tunnel entrance and is used to measure the intensity of the external environment light.

[0013] Climate collection module is installed at a set position in the tunnel to measure external climate information.

[0014] The central control unit includes a main control module, a data storage module and a communication module.

[0015] The central control unit receives the information collected from the data acquisition module, performs data processing and calculation on the collected information, and outputs the dimming instruction to the dimming execution unit.

[0016] The main control module processes and calculates the collected information, and performs brightness adjustment control based on the calculation results. The brightness adjustment includes adjustment based on traffic flow, adjustment based on ambient light, and adjustment based on climate change.

[0017] The traffic flow regulation adjusts the light brightness according to the changes in the traffic volume in the tunnel monitored in real time by the vehicle information collection module; when there are no vehicles in the tunnel or the traffic volume is less than the set threshold, the lighting brightness is reduced; when the traffic volume in the tunnel increases, the lighting brightness is increased.

[0018] The ambient light adjustment is based on the real-time monitoring of external light conditions by the environment acquisition module to adjust the basic lighting brightness in the tunnel; during the day or in clear weather, when the external light is strong, it is higher than the set light intensity threshold and the lighting brightness is reduced; at night or on cloudy days, it is lower than the set light intensity threshold and the lighting brightness is increased; Among them, climate change regulation monitors climate change in real time according to the climate collection module; when bad weather such as haze and rain occurs, the lighting brightness is increased.

[0019] The data storage module is used to store the historical data of the data acquisition unit monitoring traffic flow, ambient light and climate information, and store the calculation model of the main control module of the central control unit and dimming instructions.

[0020] The communication module transmits the monitoring data of the data acquisition unit to the central control unit to the main control module, and transmits the dimming instruction of the main control module to the dimming execution unit to the dimming drive module. The central control unit establishes a communication connection with the remote monitoring unit through the communication module.

[0021] The dimming execution unit increases or decreases the lighting brightness according to the instruction issued by the central control unit, and the dimming execution unit follows the slow change principle during the dimming process.

[0022] The dimming driver module receives the dimming command calculated and output by the main control module to perform stepless dimming. The brightness is adjusted by changing the input current or voltage of the lighting fixture module. The dimming driver module also has complete over-voltage, over-current and over-heat protection functions.

[0023] The lighting fixture module adopts LED lamps and adopts a group layout method, with multiple LED lamps providing lighting as a group.

[0024] The remote monitoring unit includes a data visualization module, a monitoring and operation module, and an alarm and notification module.

[0025] The data visualization module is equipped with special monitoring software to display the received data through a graphical interface.

[0026] Monitoring and operation module In the operation interface of the monitoring software, managers can remotely control the dimming execution unit.

[0027] The alarm and notification module will automatically trigger an alarm when an abnormal situation occurs, including low light intensity, traffic congestion, and meteorological disasters. The alarm method is to notify the management personnel through sound, pop-up window, text message, and email.

[0028] A variety of sensors are used to collect real-time information such as traffic flow, ambient light intensity, and meteorological conditions inside and outside the tunnel. Combined with the calculation and dimming strategy of the central control unit, the lighting brightness inside the tunnel is dynamically adjusted to cope with different traffic and weather conditions.

[0029] The present invention also includes a highway tunnel lighting method based on traffic flow and external environment, which is implemented based on the system of the present invention and includes the following steps: Step S1: collect data to collect tunnel traffic and environmental information.

[0030] The data collection unit installs a vehicle information collection module at a set position in the tunnel. The set position of the vehicle information collection module in the tunnel includes the tunnel entrance and exit, and is used to collect traffic flow information in real time, including vehicle flow and vehicle speed data.

[0031] The environment acquisition module is installed at a set position in the tunnel. The set position of the environment acquisition module in the tunnel includes the tunnel entrance and is used to measure the intensity of the external environment light.

[0032] Climate collection module is installed at a set position in the tunnel to measure external climate information.

[0033] Step S2: perform data processing and calculation based on the information from the data collection, and output a dimming instruction.

[0034] The main control module processes and calculates the collected information, and performs brightness adjustment control based on the calculation results. The brightness adjustment includes adjustment based on traffic flow, ambient light and climate change.

[0035] The data storage module is used to store the historical data of the data acquisition unit monitoring traffic flow, ambient light and climate information, and store the calculation model of the main control module of the central control unit and dimming instructions.

[0036] The communication module transmits the monitoring data of the data acquisition unit to the central control unit to the main control module, and transmits the dimming instruction of the main control module to the dimming execution unit to the dimming drive module. The central control unit establishes a communication connection with the remote monitoring unit through the communication module.

[0037] Step S3: According to the dimming instruction, the dimming execution unit increases or decreases the lighting brightness, and the dimming execution unit follows the slow change principle during the dimming process.

[0038] The dimming driver module receives the dimming command calculated and output by the main control module to perform stepless dimming. The brightness is adjusted by changing the input current or voltage of the lighting fixture module. The dimming driver module also has complete over-voltage, over-current and over-heat protection functions.

[0039] The lighting fixture module adopts LED lamps and adopts a group layout method, with multiple LED lamps providing lighting as a group.

[0040] Step S4: perform remote monitoring, including data visualization, monitoring and operation, and alarm and notification.

[0041] Data visualization displays the received data through the graphical interface of specialized monitoring software.

[0042] Monitoring and operation are carried out on the operating interface of the monitoring software, and managers can remotely control the dimming execution unit.

[0043] When abnormal situations occur, including low light intensity, traffic congestion, and meteorological disasters, alarms and notifications will be automatically triggered. The alarm methods are sound, pop-up windows, text messages, and emails to notify management personnel.

[0044] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the main control module uses multiple algorithm models to process and calculate the collected information, including a basic dimming algorithm model, a climate condition dimming algorithm model and a comprehensive dimming model; the main control module calculates the lighting intensity as a dimming instruction based on the traffic flow, external light and climate factors through a preset brightness adjustment model.

[0045] The basic dimming algorithm model includes an ambient lighting factor sub-model and a traffic flow factor sub-model, and the climate condition dimming algorithm model includes a rainy day dimming factor sub-model and a haze day dimming factor sub-model.

[0046] The ambient light factor sub-model adjusts the light intensity based on the ambient light monitored by the environment acquisition module.

[0047] The traffic flow factor sub-model adjusts the light intensity based on the traffic flow monitored by the vehicle information collection module.

[0048] The rainy day dimming factor sub-model adjusts the light intensity based on the rainfall information monitored by the climate acquisition module.

[0049] The haze-day dimming factor sub-model adjusts the light intensity based on the haze information monitored by the climate acquisition module.

[0050] The comprehensive dimming model performs weighted calculation of dimming instructions based on the basic dimming algorithm model and the climate condition dimming algorithm model.

[0051] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the ambient light factor sub-model is based on the ambient light monitored by the environment acquisition module; when only the ambient light factor is considered, the data collected by the tunnel entrance, exit and internal light sensors are used as the basis; the external natural light intensity is set to I 自然 The unit of light intensity is lux. The initial standard lighting brightness in the tunnel is L 标准 , standard lighting brightness L 标准 The value range is 0-100% of the maximum lighting brightness of the lighting fixture module.

[0052] The following ambient lighting factor sub-model is established. The ambient lighting brightness in the tunnel is L 环境 It is expressed as: , in I max It is the preset light intensity threshold. When the external light intensity exceeds this value, such as at noon on a sunny day, the light intensity can reach more than 100,000 lux. No additional lighting is required in the tunnel and the brightness of the lamp can be reduced to 0. Conversely, as the external light weakens, the lighting brightness in the tunnel increases linearly in proportion. The traffic flow factor sub-model is based on the traffic flow monitored by the vehicle information collection module.

[0053] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the traffic flow factor sub-model is based on the traffic flow monitored by the vehicle information collection module.

[0054] Based on the traffic flow N and vehicle speed V monitored by the tunnel entrance and exit vehicle information collection module, a model is constructed with the traffic flow N and vehicle speed V information.

[0055] First, divide the traffic flow into three intervals: Low flow, N<N 低流量 ; Medium flow N 低流量 ≤N≤N 高流量 ; High flow N 高流量 <N three intervals.

[0056] The vehicle speed is also divided into three ranges: Low speed, V<V 低速度 ; Medium speed, V 低速度 ≤V≤V 高速度 ; High speed V 高速度 <V.

[0057] The following traffic flow factor sub-model is established, where the traffic flow factor F 交通 It is expressed as:

[0058] The traffic flow factor adjusts the basic lighting brightness when traffic flow and vehicle speed are in different combinations.

[0059] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the climate condition dimming algorithm model includes a rainy day dimming factor sub-model and a haze day dimming factor sub-model.

[0060] The rainy day dimming factor sub-model is based on the rainfall information monitored by the climate acquisition module; when the rainfall sensor detects rainfall, the rainy day dimming factor is calculated.

[0061] Assume that the rainfall is R, and the unit of rainfall R is mm / hour. Establish the rainy day dimming factor sub-model, where the rainy day dimming factor C 降水 It is expressed as: , Where R max is the preset heavy rainfall threshold; μ 降水 Directly set the dimming coefficient for precipitation days, μ 强降水 The dimming coefficient of heavy precipitation days is directly set; the dimming factor sub-model of haze days is based on the haze information monitored by the climate acquisition module; the haze sensor detects the haze concentration S, and the unit of haze concentration S is micrograms / cubic meter. The dimming factor sub-model of haze days is established, in which the dimming factor C 雾霾 It is expressed as: , Where S max is the severe haze threshold, μ 强雾霾 Directly set the dimming coefficient for haze days, μ 强雾霾 Directly set the dimming coefficient on days with strong haze.

[0062] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the comprehensive dimming model performs weighted calculation of dimming instructions based on the basic dimming algorithm model and the climate condition dimming algorithm model.

[0063] First, multi-factor weight allocation is carried out. In order to comprehensively consider factors such as ambient lighting, traffic flow, and climatic conditions, a weight allocation mechanism is adopted.

[0064] Assume that the ambient light weight is ω 环境 ; Traffic flow weight is ω 交通 ; The weight of climate condition is ω 气候 .

[0065] 1=ω 环境+ ω交通+ ω 气候 .

[0066] Then generate a dimming instruction, and calculate the brightness adjustment value based on the ambient light according to the above basic dimming algorithm model and the climate condition dimming algorithm model. L 环境 , brightness adjustment value based on traffic flow L 交通 ,in L 交通 = F 交通 L 标准 and brightness adjustment values ​​based on climate conditions L 气候 ,in L 气候 =ω 降水 C 降水 L 标准 +ω 雾霾 C 雾霾 L 标准 .

[0067] The final dimming command is obtained by weighted summation: L =ω 环境 L 环境 +ω 交通 F 交通 L 标准 +ω 降水 C 降水 L 标准 +ω 雾霾 C 雾霾 L 标准 The dimming execution unit dims the lighting module in the tunnel according to the final value.

[0068] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the vehicle information collection module adopts infrared sensors and laser radars.

[0069] Infrared sensors monitor the number of cars passing through the tunnel.

[0070] The video surveillance system is based on image recognition technology and identifies traffic flow and vehicle speed by analyzing video streams in the tunnel.

[0071] LiDAR is used to measure traffic flow and speed.

[0072] The environment acquisition module uses a light sensor to convert light signals into electrical signals based on the photoelectric effect, measure the ambient light intensity in real time, and provide the central control unit with data on external ambient light.

[0073] The climate collection module uses rainfall sensors and haze sensors.

[0074] The rainfall sensor is based on the principle that changes in the medium lead to changes in capacitance. It measures the capacitance changes in real time to determine the amount of rainfall and provides rainfall information data to the central control unit.

[0075] The haze sensor measures the concentration of tiny particles in the air in real time and provides haze information data to the central control unit.

[0076] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the dimming drive module adjusts the brightness by changing the input current or voltage of the lamp according to the instruction to achieve 0-100% stepless dimming. The dimming drive module also has complete over-voltage, over-current and over-heat protection functions.

[0077] In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the communication module adopts LoRa wireless communication technology and 4G / 5G network or wired dedicated network.

[0078] LoRa wireless communication technology transmits the monitoring data of the data acquisition unit to the central control unit to the main control module, and transmits the dimming instruction of the main control module to the dimming execution unit to the dimming drive module.

[0079] The central control unit establishes a communication connection with the remote monitoring unit through a 4G / 5G network or a wired dedicated network. The central control unit packages the collected sensor data including light intensity, traffic flow, meteorological information, and the operating status data of the lighting system including the current lighting brightness and the working parameters of the dimming equipment in real time and pushes them to the remote monitoring unit according to certain time intervals or event triggers.

[0080] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the highway tunnel lighting system and method provided by the present invention can significantly improve energy utilization efficiency while ensuring traffic safety through dimming control, and has higher economic and social benefits.

[0081] 1. Significant energy-saving effect. By adjusting the lighting brightness according to actual traffic flow, external ambient light and weather changes, the fixed brightness setting of the traditional lighting system is avoided, and energy consumption is significantly reduced. Especially when the traffic flow is low or the light intensity is high during the day, the automatic adjustment of lighting brightness can effectively reduce energy waste.

[0082] 2. Improve driving safety. The system can adjust the lighting brightness in real time according to changes in traffic flow and weather to ensure the visual comfort and safety of drivers in complex environments. Especially in severe weather conditions such as rain, haze or low visibility, the system will increase the lighting brightness to reduce the risk of accidents.

[0083] 3. Real-time adaptation to environmental changes. It can adapt to different traffic flows and external environmental conditions in real time, and ensure that the lighting in the tunnel is always suitable for the current situation through a flexible dimming mechanism, which not only improves energy efficiency but also increases driving comfort.

[0084] 4. Intelligence and remote monitoring. Through the integrated remote monitoring unit, managers can obtain various monitoring data inside and outside the tunnel in real time, discover potential problems in time and make adjustments or controls remotely. This not only improves management efficiency, but also ensures the stability and security of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0085] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a highway tunnel lighting system based on traffic flow and external environment; Figure 2 A step-by-step diagram of a highway tunnel lighting method based on traffic flow and external environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0086] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0087] At present, most highway tunnel lighting systems use fixed brightness or simple timed dimming. This traditional method ignores factors such as changes in the tunnel's external environment and traffic density, resulting in energy waste and poor lighting effects; especially in the case of day and night, weather changes or special traffic conditions, the lighting brightness in the tunnel fails to adapt in time, which may cause driver visual fatigue, blind spots or energy waste; in view of this, the present invention provides the following embodiments to solve the above technical problems.

[0088] This embodiment proposes a highway tunnel lighting system and method based on traffic flow and external environment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the highway tunnel lighting system based on traffic flow and external environment is mainly composed of a data acquisition unit, a central control unit, a dimming execution unit and a remote monitoring unit.

[0089] like Figure 2As shown, the specific steps of the highway tunnel lighting method based on traffic flow and external environment are as follows: Step S1, collecting data, collecting information on tunnel traffic and environment; The data collection unit installs a vehicle information collection module at a set position in the tunnel. The set position of the vehicle information collection module in the tunnel includes the tunnel entrance and exit, and is used to collect traffic flow information in real time, including data on vehicle flow and vehicle speed; The environment acquisition module is installed at the set position of the tunnel. The set position of the environment acquisition module in the tunnel includes the tunnel entrance, which is used to measure the intensity of the external environment light; Climate collection module A climate collection module is installed at a set position in the tunnel to measure external climate information; Step S2: Perform data processing and calculation based on the information from data collection, and output a dimming instruction; The main control module processes and calculates the collected information, and adjusts the brightness according to the calculation results. The brightness adjustment includes adjustment according to traffic flow, ambient light and climate change. The data storage module is used to store the historical data of the data acquisition unit monitoring traffic flow, ambient light and climate information, and store the calculation model of the main control module of the central control unit and the dimming instructions; The communication module transmits the monitoring data of the data acquisition unit to the central control unit to the main control module, and transmits the dimming instruction of the main control module to the dimming execution unit to the dimming drive module. The central control unit establishes a communication connection with the remote monitoring unit through the communication module; Step S3: according to the dimming instruction, the dimming execution unit increases or decreases the lighting brightness, and the dimming execution unit follows the slow change principle during the dimming process; The dimming driver module receives the dimming command calculated and output by the main control module to perform stepless dimming, and adjusts the brightness by changing the input current or voltage of the lighting fixture module. The dimming driver module also has complete over-voltage, over-current and over-heat protection functions; The lighting fixture module uses LED lamps, which are arranged in groups, with multiple LED lamps providing lighting as a group; Step S4, performing remote monitoring, including data visualization, monitoring and operation, and alarm and notification; Data visualization displays the received data through the graphical interface of the dedicated monitoring software; Monitoring and operation are carried out on the operation interface of the monitoring software, and the management personnel can remotely control the dimming execution unit; When abnormal situations occur, including low light intensity, traffic congestion, and meteorological disasters, alarms and notifications will be automatically triggered. The alarm methods are sound, pop-up windows, text messages, and emails to notify management personnel.

[0090] In the examples: The data acquisition unit, the central control unit and the dimming execution unit are electrically connected in sequence, and the central control unit is electrically connected to the remote monitoring unit; the data acquisition unit is used for collecting information on tunnel traffic and environmental information, including a vehicle information acquisition module, an environmental acquisition module and a climate acquisition module.

[0091] The data collection unit installs a vehicle information collection module at a set position in the tunnel. The tunnel setting position of the vehicle information collection module includes a tunnel entrance, an exit, and a vehicle sensor is set at a key turning position inside the tunnel. The camera can distinguish different vehicle models through image recognition technology and is used to collect traffic flow information in real time, including vehicle flow and vehicle speed data.

[0092] The environment acquisition module is installed at a set position in the tunnel, and the set position of the environment acquisition module in the tunnel includes the tunnel entrance, and is used to measure the intensity of the external environment light.

[0093] The climate collection module is installed at a set position in the tunnel to measure external climate information.

[0094] The vehicle information collection module adopts infrared sensor and laser radar.

[0095] Infrared sensors monitor the number of cars passing through the tunnel. The principle is based on the reflection or absorption characteristics of infrared rays by objects. When a vehicle passes through the sensing area, the reflection of infrared rays changes, which is captured by the sensor and then judged as the passage of the vehicle.

[0096] The video surveillance system is based on image recognition technology and identifies traffic flow and vehicle speed by analyzing video streams in the tunnel. Cameras are installed at key locations in the tunnel, such as the entrance, exit, and high places inside, covering the entire lane area. Using image recognition algorithms, they extract and analyze features such as vehicle outlines and motion trajectories to determine traffic flow and speed. They can also identify vehicle models, sizes, and other information to estimate the impact of vehicle occlusion and reflection on light.

[0097] LiDAR is used to measure traffic flow and speed. It emits a laser beam to the driving area in the tunnel, and by measuring the time delay, frequency change and other parameters of the laser reflected light, it calculates the distance and relative speed between the vehicle and the sensor, and then infers the traffic flow and speed.

[0098] The sensors of the vehicle information collection module continuously monitor the traffic flow in the tunnel, and the data is fed back to the central control unit in real time. The collected data includes vehicle flow and speed.

[0099] The environment acquisition module uses a light sensor, which should be installed in a position where it can accurately measure the external light intensity to avoid being blocked by buildings, trees, etc. at the tunnel entrance. It is generally installed on a pole in an open area outside the tunnel entrance, and the photosensitive surface of the sensor should face the sky to ensure that it can receive natural light.

[0100] This embodiment is installed outside the tunnel entrance at the vehicle entrance position, and is used to measure the external ambient light intensity. Its principle is based on the photoelectric effect, which converts light signals into electrical signals. For example, on a sunny day, the light sensor will detect high-intensity light, while on a cloudy day or in the rain, the detected light intensity will be significantly reduced. It can measure the ambient light intensity in real time and provide the central control unit with data on the external ambient light so that the lighting brightness in the tunnel can be adjusted according to the light changes.

[0101] The climate acquisition module uses a rainfall sensor and a haze sensor, and in this embodiment also includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a wind speed and direction sensor.

[0102] The installation location of the meteorological sensor should be representative of the meteorological environment outside the tunnel, and avoid installation in special locations such as ventilation openings and drainage openings. For example, the haze sensor should be installed in a place with good air circulation and can detect fog in time.

[0103] The rainfall sensor is based on the principle that changes in dielectric medium lead to changes in capacitance. It measures the capacitance change in real time to determine the rainfall amount and provides rainfall information data to the central control unit. Because the dielectric constant of water is higher than that of air, it can be obtained through the capacitance calculation formula that as rainfall increases, the capacitance increases. If the capacitor instantly sends rainfall data to the central control unit, the rainy day dimming factor sub-model begins to calculate.

[0104] The haze sensor measures the concentration of tiny particles in the air in real time based on the principle of light scattering, and provides haze information data to the central control unit. Once the standard is exceeded, the lighting will be enhanced and the warning light color will be switched immediately.

[0105] The temperature and humidity sensor uses thermistors and capacitive humidity detection elements to provide real-time feedback of ambient temperature and humidity. When the humidity rises and the temperature drops suddenly, it is predicted that foggy weather may occur. The temperature and humidity sensors should be kept away from direct sunlight or heat sources to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0106] Wind speed and direction sensors provide support for determining the diffusion direction of smoke and fog, ensuring that lighting adjustments are targeted.

[0107] For example, in foggy weather, the system detects that the fog concentration has reached a moderate pollution level. In addition to increasing the lighting brightness by 30%, it also switches the light color of the lamp to an orange-yellow color with stronger penetrating power to ensure that the driver's vision can penetrate the fog.

[0108] The central control unit includes a main control module, a data storage module and a communication module.

[0109] The central control unit receives information collected from the data collection module, performs data processing and calculation on the collected information, and outputs a dimming instruction to the dimming execution unit.

[0110] The main control module processes and calculates the collected information, and performs brightness adjustment control according to the calculation results. The brightness adjustment includes adjustment according to traffic flow, adjustment according to ambient light, and adjustment according to climate change. The main control module analyzes the real-time data transmitted by multiple sensors in a short time, determines the current traffic flow level and external environmental conditions, and makes reasonable dimming decisions.

[0111] The brightness adjustment of the main control module is also called the brightness adjustment strategy: The traffic flow regulation adjusts the light brightness according to the changes in the traffic volume in the tunnel monitored in real time by the vehicle information collection module; when there are no vehicles in the tunnel or the traffic volume is less than the set threshold, the lighting brightness is reduced; when the traffic volume in the tunnel increases, the lighting brightness is increased; The ambient light adjustment is based on the real-time monitoring of external light conditions by the environment acquisition module to adjust the basic lighting brightness in the tunnel; during the day or in clear weather, when the external light is strong, it is higher than the set light intensity threshold and the lighting brightness is reduced; at night or on cloudy days, it is lower than the set light intensity threshold and the lighting brightness is increased; The climate change regulation is based on the real-time monitoring of climate change by the climate acquisition module; when bad weather such as haze and rain occurs, the lighting brightness is increased; In this implementation, the central control unit is also equipped with a redundant power supply module to ensure that it can continue to operate for more than 30 minutes when the tunnel mains power is briefly interrupted, continuously receive and process sensor data, and send precise control commands to the dimming equipment.

[0112] This embodiment makes a comprehensive decision on lighting brightness based on multiple factors, and further optimizes weight settings and models according to actual needs.

[0113] The main control module performs data processing and calculation on the collected information using multiple algorithm models including a basic dimming algorithm model, a climate condition dimming algorithm model and a comprehensive dimming model; the main control module calculates the lighting intensity as a dimming instruction based on the traffic flow, external light and climate factors through a preset brightness adjustment model.

[0114] The basic dimming algorithm model includes an ambient lighting factor sub-model and a traffic flow factor sub-model, and the climate condition dimming algorithm model includes a rainy day dimming factor sub-model and a haze day dimming factor sub-model.

[0115] The ambient light factor sub-model adjusts the light intensity based on the ambient light monitored by the environment acquisition module.

[0116] The traffic flow factor sub-model adjusts the light intensity based on the traffic flow monitored by the vehicle information collection module.

[0117] The rainy day dimming factor sub-model adjusts the light intensity based on the rainfall information monitored by the climate acquisition module.

[0118] The haze day dimming factor sub-model adjusts the light intensity based on the haze information monitored by the climate collection module.

[0119] The comprehensive dimming model performs weighted calculation of dimming instructions based on the basic dimming algorithm model and the climate condition dimming algorithm model.

[0120] The basic dimming algorithm model includes an ambient lighting factor sub-model and a traffic flow factor sub-model.

[0121] The ambient light factor sub-model is based on the ambient light monitored by the environment acquisition module; when only the ambient light factor is considered, the data collected by the tunnel entrance, exit and internal light sensors are used as the basis; the external natural light intensity is I 自然 The unit of light intensity is lux. The initial standard lighting brightness in the tunnel is L 标准 , standard lighting brightness L 标准 The value range is 0-100% of the maximum lighting brightness of the lighting fixture module.

[0122] Through a large amount of actual lighting data in the tunnel and human visual comfort experiments, the following ambient lighting factor sub-model is established. The ambient lighting brightness in the tunnel is L 环境 It is expressed as: , in I max It is the preset light intensity threshold. When the external light intensity exceeds this value, such as at noon on a sunny day, the light intensity can reach more than 100,000 lux. No additional lighting is needed in the tunnel, and the brightness of the lamps can be reduced to 0. Conversely, as the external light weakens, the brightness of the tunnel lighting increases linearly in proportion to maintain visual comfort. For example, on a cloudy day, I 自然is 10000 lux, if ,but .

[0123] The traffic flow factor sub-model is based on the traffic flow monitored by the vehicle information collection module.

[0124] Based on the traffic flow N (in vehicles / hour) and vehicle speed V (in meters / second) monitored by the tunnel entrance and exit vehicle information collection module, the model is constructed based on the traffic flow N and vehicle speed V information.

[0125] First, divide the traffic flow into three intervals: Low flow, N<N 低流量 , set N 低流量 =30 vehicles / hour; medium flow rate N 低流量 ≤N≤N 高流量 , set N 高流量 =150 vehicles / hour; high flow rate N 高流量 <N three intervals.

[0126] The vehicle speed is also divided into three ranges: Low speed, V<V 低速度 , set it to V 低速度 =30 m / s; medium speed, V 低速度 ≤V≤V 高速度 , set it to V 高速度 =150 m / s; high speed V 高速度 <V.

[0127] The following traffic flow factor sub-model is established, where the traffic flow factor F 交通 It is expressed as:

[0128] The traffic flow factor adjusts the basic lighting brightness when traffic flow and vehicle speed are in different combinations.

[0129] This embodiment will be set to

[0130] For example, in a low-traffic and low-speed scenario late at night, F 交通 =0.6, which means that the lighting brightness can be appropriately reduced on the original basis to save energy; and during peak hours in the morning and evening with high traffic and high speed, F 交通 =1.2, the brightness needs to be increased to ensure a clear driving view.

[0131] The climate condition dimming algorithm model includes a rainy day dimming factor sub-model and a haze day dimming factor sub-model.

[0132] The rainy day dimming factor sub-model is based on the rainfall information monitored by the climate acquisition module; when the rainfall sensor detects rainfall, the rainy day dimming factor is calculated.

[0133] Assume that the rainfall is R, and the unit of rainfall R is mm / hour. Establish the rainy day dimming factor sub-model, where the rainy day dimming factor C 降水 It is expressed as: , Where R max is the preset heavy rainfall threshold, μ 降水 The dimming coefficient for precipitation days is directly set according to the actual tunnel demand, μ 强降水 The dimming coefficient on heavy rainfall days is set directly according to the actual tunnel requirements, such as R max =20 mm / hour; in light rain, if R=5 mm / hour, The lighting brightness is multiplied by this coefficient on the current basis to offset the scattering effect of raindrops on light and enhance road visibility.

[0134] The haze day dimming factor sub-model is based on the haze information monitored by the climate acquisition module; the haze sensor detects the haze concentration S, the unit of haze concentration S is micrograms / cubic meter, and the haze day dimming factor sub-model is established, wherein the haze day dimming factor C 雾霾 It is expressed as: , Where S max is the severe haze threshold, μ 雾霾 The dimming coefficient for foggy days is set directly according to the actual tunnel requirements, μ 强雾霾 The dimming coefficient on days with severe haze is set directly according to actual tunnel requirements.

[0135] Setting S max =300 micrograms / cubic meter; when the haze concentration is moderate, such as S=100 micrograms / cubic meter, , not only improves the brightness, but also switches the light color of the lamp to orange-yellow with stronger penetration, ensuring that the driver's vision penetrates the haze. The comprehensive dimming model is based on the basic dimming algorithm model and the climate condition dimming algorithm model to perform weighted calculation of dimming instructions.

[0136] First, multi-factor weight allocation is carried out. In order to comprehensively consider factors such as ambient lighting, traffic flow, and climatic conditions, a weight allocation mechanism is adopted.

[0137] Assume that the ambient light weight is ω 环境 , set ω 环境 =0.4; traffic flow weight is ω 交通 , set ω 交通 =0.3; climate condition weight is ω 气候, set ω 气候 =0.3.

[0138] These weights can be adjusted within a certain range according to the actual tunnel operation conditions and safety requirements. 环境+ ω 交通+ ω 气候 .

[0139] Then generate dimming instructions.

[0140] According to the above basic dimming algorithm model and climate condition dimming algorithm model, the brightness adjustment value based on ambient light is calculated respectively. L 环境 , brightness adjustment value based on traffic flow L 交通 ,in L 交通 = F 交通 L 标准 and brightness adjustment values ​​based on climate conditions L 气候 ,in L 气候 =ω 降水 C 降水 L 标准 +ω 雾霾 C 雾霾 L 标准 .

[0141] The final dimming command is obtained by weighted summation: L =ω 环境 L 环境 +ω 交通 F 交通 L 标准 +ω 降水 C 降水 L 标准 +ω 雾霾 C 雾霾 L 标准 For example, at a certain moment, the ambient light intensity corresponds to L 环境 =70%, traffic flow corresponding to L 交通 =80%, it happened to be a light rainy day, L 气候=1.075×80%=86%, substituting the weight into the calculation, we get: L=0.4×70%+0.3×80%+0.3×86%=77.8% The dimming execution unit dims the lighting modules in the tunnel according to this final value to ensure that the lighting brightness adapts to the complex and changing tunnel environment in real time.

[0142] The data storage module is used to store historical data of traffic flow, ambient light and climate information monitored by the data acquisition unit, and to store the calculation model of the main control module of the central control unit and dimming instructions.

[0143] Historical data storage can be used for subsequent data analysis, such as optimizing dimming strategies by analyzing traffic flow patterns in different time periods and weather conditions.

[0144] The storage device also saves the configuration model and parameters of the main control module, such as the lighting brightness range corresponding to different traffic flow levels, the dimming coefficient under different weather conditions, etc., for easy later use.

[0145] The communication module transmits the monitoring data of the data acquisition unit to the central control unit to the main control module, and transmits the dimming instruction of the main control module to the dimming execution unit to the dimming drive module. The central control unit establishes a communication connection with the remote monitoring unit through the communication module.

[0146] The communication module adopts LoRa wireless communication technology and 4G / 5G network or wired dedicated network.

[0147] The LoRa wireless communication technology is a long-distance, low-power wireless communication technology. Sensors in the data collection layer, such as light sensors installed far away from the tunnel entrance, can be equipped with LoRa communication modules. These sensors modulate the collected data into wireless signals in the LoRa frequency band and send them out.

[0148] On the dimming control system side, a LoRa gateway needs to be installed. The LoRa gateway receives wireless signals from sensors, demodulates them, converts them into digital data, and then transmits the data acquisition unit monitoring data to the central control unit to the main control module via Ethernet, and transmits the dimming instructions from the main control module to the dimming execution unit to the dimming drive module. LoRa communication uses spread spectrum technology, which can achieve long-distance transmission. Generally, the transmission distance can reach several kilometers in an open environment, and a certain transmission distance can also be guaranteed in a tunnel environment.

[0149] The biggest advantage of LoRa communication is its long-distance transmission capability. For narrow and long environments such as tunnels, when the distance between the data acquisition equipment and the dimming control system is far, LoRa communication can effectively realize data transmission. At the same time, its low power consumption characteristics are also suitable for some sensor devices that need to run for a long time. For example, in a long tunnel, a meteorological sensor installed in the middle of the tunnel can transmit data to the central control unit located in the tunnel management room through LoRa communication, reducing the cost and difficulty of wiring.

[0150] The central control unit establishes a communication connection with the remote monitoring unit through a 4G / 5G network or a wired dedicated network.

[0151] In the case of wired network connection, the central control unit is connected to a dedicated communication network using high-speed and stable transmission media such as optical fiber to ensure high bandwidth and low latency for data transmission. For 4G / 5G network connection, it is necessary to configure the corresponding communication module in the central control unit, insert the SIM card, and communicate with the remote monitoring center through the operator network. For example, in some mountain tunnels, due to the difficulty of wiring, the 4G / 5G network has become a convenient way of communication.

[0152] The central control unit packages and processes the collected sensor data, including light intensity, traffic flow, meteorological information, and the operating status data of the lighting system, including the current lighting brightness and the working parameters of the dimming equipment, in real time.

[0153] These data are pushed to the remote monitoring unit at certain time intervals or event triggers, including significant changes in lighting brightness and sudden changes in weather conditions.

[0154] Taking light intensity data as an example, the central control unit integrates the data collected by each light sensor, adds a timestamp and sensor location information, and sends it to the remote monitoring unit through the network. The dimming execution unit increases or decreases the lighting brightness according to the instructions issued by the central control unit, adjusts the lighting equipment inside the tunnel, and changes the light brightness in real time. In addition, the dimming execution unit follows the slow change principle during the dimming process to ensure the rational use of energy and driving safety.

[0155] The stepless dimming method allows the lighting brightness to better match actual needs, avoiding the insufficient or excessive brightness that may occur in traditional fixed brightness level dimming.

[0156] Energy-saving dimming: The dimming execution unit follows the principle of slow change during the dimming process to avoid sudden changes in brightness that would stimulate the driver's vision. When the brightness needs to be reduced, it decreases at a rate of 5% per second. This slow dimming method not only allows the driver's visual system to adapt to brightness changes, but also minimizes unnecessary energy consumption. By dynamically adjusting the brightness according to the actual environment and traffic conditions, excessive lighting is avoided during low traffic hours or when there is sufficient light outside, which can effectively reduce energy consumption compared to traditional lighting systems.

[0157] When a vehicle enters, the dimming execution unit will quickly increase the brightness according to the vehicle speed. For example, when a vehicle enters a tunnel at a high speed, the dimming execution unit will increase the brightness of the lamp at a rate of 8% per second to simulate the gradual change of external light and reduce the visual impact of the driver. This dynamic dimming method allows the driver's eyes to naturally adapt to the transition from the bright external environment to the relatively dark environment inside the tunnel, ensuring driving safety and comfort.

[0158] Safe dimming ensures driving safety. Through precise dimming control, the dimming execution unit always maintains a comfortable and safe lighting intensity. Whether in different weather conditions or different traffic flow scenarios, it can provide the driver with appropriate lighting. In bad weather, such as foggy weather, the central control unit will issue instructions, and the dimming execution unit will increase the lighting brightness and may adjust the light color of the lamp to ensure that the driver's line of sight penetrates bad weather conditions, reduce the risk of accidents, and provide strong protection for tunnel driving safety. The dimming drive module receives the dimming instruction calculated and output by the main control module to perform stepless dimming, and adjusts the brightness by changing the input current or voltage of the input lighting lamp module. The dimming drive module also has complete overvoltage, overcurrent, and overheating protection functions.

[0159] The dimming drive module adjusts the brightness by changing the input current or voltage of the lamp according to the instruction of the central control unit to achieve 0-100% stepless dimming.

[0160] This embodiment uses LED lamps, and the dimming drive module uses a dimming driver. The dimming driver uses pulse width modulation (PWM) technology to control the average current of the lamp by changing the pulse width, thereby achieving brightness adjustment. When receiving an instruction from the central control unit to increase the brightness, such as when a vehicle enters a darker entrance transition section from a bright tunnel, the dimming driver can increase the brightness of the lamp at a rate of 8% per second; and when it is necessary to reduce the brightness, such as when there is very little traffic in the middle of the night, it can decrease at a rate of 5% per second to ensure a smooth visual transition for the driver, maintain a comfortable and safe lighting intensity throughout the process, and minimize unnecessary energy consumption. This precise dimming capability enables the lighting system to adapt to different traffic flows and environmental conditions in real time, avoiding energy waste caused by excessive lighting.

[0161] The dimming driver can not only perfectly match the LED lamps for dimming, but also adjust the brightness by adjusting their current or power. At the same time, the dimming driver module also has perfect overvoltage, overcurrent and overheating protection functions. When the power supply of the lamp is abnormal, such as voltage rises instantly, current overloads or the lamp is seriously heated after working for a long time, the protection mechanism can be quickly activated to cut off the power supply or adjust the output to ensure the stable and safe operation of the lamp, extend the service life of the lamp, reduce maintenance costs, and escort the reliable operation of the tunnel lighting system.

[0162] The lighting fixture module uses LED lamps, which are arranged in groups, with multiple LED lamps forming a group to provide lighting.

[0163] LED lamps have outstanding advantages such as high light efficiency, long life, and strong adjustability, so they are used as the main lighting source in the highway tunnel lighting of this embodiment. Of course, in order to meet certain special lighting needs, other types of lamps such as laser lamps can also be selected as supplements. LED lamps are arranged in groups to provide uniform and stable lighting to ensure driving safety.

[0164] The dimming execution unit implements the dimming instructions of the central control unit accurately through the close cooperation between the dimming drive module and the lighting fixture module, creating an energy-saving, efficient, safe and comfortable highway tunnel lighting environment. The remote monitoring unit includes a data visualization module, a monitoring and operation module, and an alarm and notification module.

[0165] The data visualization module remote monitoring unit is equipped with special monitoring software, which intuitively displays the received data through a graphical interface.

[0166] The map tool is used to mark the geographical location of the tunnel, and the location and real-time data of each sensor are displayed on the map with icons of different colors; the light intensity is represented by a bar graph with gradient colors, and the traffic flow is displayed with dynamic numbers and charts. Managers can see the lighting and traffic conditions of each area in the tunnel at a glance.

[0167] The monitoring and operation module is on the operation interface of the monitoring software, and the management personnel can remotely control the dimming execution unit. For example, set the manual dimming mode, and adjust the lighting brightness in the tunnel by sliding the slider or entering a numerical value; in special situations, such as fire, severe haze, etc., the lighting mode can be switched remotely, such as turning on emergency lighting or flashing warning lights. These operation instructions are sent back to the central control unit through the network, and the central control unit then forwards the instructions to the corresponding dimming equipment and lamps to realize the remote control function.

[0168] The alarm and notification module will automatically trigger an alarm when an abnormal situation occurs, including low light intensity, traffic congestion, and meteorological disasters; the alarm method is to notify the management personnel through sound, pop-up window, SMS, and email. At the same time, the remote monitoring unit will record the detailed information of the alarm event, including the time, location, and abnormal data, to facilitate the management personnel to conduct subsequent troubleshooting and processing.

[0169] In the specific implementation: First, the system is installed and debugged. In new or renovated tunnel projects, the data acquisition module, central control unit and dimming execution module are installed according to the design plan, and the line connection and debugging of each component are completed to ensure accurate transmission of sensor data and effective execution of dimming instructions.

[0170] Then the initial parameters are set. According to factors such as tunnel length, design vehicle speed, common local weather conditions, etc., initial values ​​such as traffic flow level threshold and lighting brightness adjustment parameters under different environments are set in the central control unit to provide a basic basis for intelligent dimming.

[0171] Finally, the system is run according to the steps. After the system is put into operation, the dimming effect is continuously monitored and feedback from drivers is collected. The parameters in the intelligent algorithm are regularly optimized and adjusted based on actual operation data to continuously improve system performance and adapt to the long-term operation needs of the tunnel.

[0172] Suppose a highway tunnel has a large amount of vehicle traffic during the day, but a small amount at night. The system will identify changes in light intensity and vehicle traffic outside the tunnel through joint monitoring of light sensors and traffic sensors. When the light outside the tunnel is strong, the system automatically reduces the lighting brightness inside the tunnel; when the traffic is heavy, the system maintains or slightly increases the lighting intensity to ensure a clear view for the driver. On rainy or foggy days, when the system detects rainfall or low visibility through meteorological sensors, it will increase the lighting brightness to ensure safe driving.

[0173] The principle of this embodiment is: to collect information such as traffic flow, ambient light intensity and meteorological conditions inside and outside the tunnel in real time through a variety of sensors, and to dynamically adjust the lighting brightness inside the tunnel in combination with the calculation and dimming strategy of the central control unit to cope with different traffic and weather conditions.

[0174] Data collection unit: Through the vehicle information collection module, environment collection module and climate collection module, the traffic flow, ambient light intensity and climate change information inside and outside the tunnel are collected in real time; the vehicle information collection module collects data such as vehicle flow and speed in the tunnel through infrared sensors, lidar and video monitoring systems; the environment collection module measures the light intensity of the external environment through light sensors; the climate collection module uses rainfall and haze to obtain real-time meteorological information.

[0175] Central control unit: This unit includes the main control module, data storage module and communication module. The main control module uses multiple dimming algorithm models, such as basic dimming algorithm, climate condition dimming algorithm and comprehensive dimming model, to comprehensively decide the lighting brightness according to traffic flow, external light and climate change.

[0176] Dimming execution unit: Accurately adjust the lighting brightness in the tunnel according to the dimming command issued by the central control unit. Use stepless dimming to control LED lamps through the dimming drive module to ensure smooth brightness changes and avoid visual discomfort caused by abrupt changes in light intensity.

[0177] Remote monitoring unit: Through a visual interface, it monitors the traffic flow, ambient light and weather conditions inside and outside the tunnel in real time, and allows remote control of dimming settings. At the same time, abnormal conditions will trigger an alarm and notify management personnel.

[0178] In actual applications, when a new tunnel is built or renovated, the system installation and debugging, initial parameter setting are completed in sequence, and continuous monitoring and optimization are carried out after operation. For example, thresholds and parameters are preset according to tunnel characteristics, common weather and traffic patterns. During system operation, the lighting is automatically or remotely controlled based on changes in light and traffic flow to ensure safe and comfortable driving.

[0179] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highway tunnel lighting system based on traffic flow and external environment, characterized in that: The system comprises: A data collection unit, used to collect tunnel traffic and external environment information, including a vehicle information collection module, an environment collection module, and a climate collection module; A central control unit, including a main control module, a data storage module and a communication module, for receiving and processing information from the data acquisition unit and outputting a dimming instruction; A dimming execution unit, electrically connected to the central control unit, for increasing or decreasing the lighting brightness according to the dimming instruction and following a slow change principle during the dimming process; A remote monitoring unit, which establishes a communication connection with the central control unit through a communication module, for remote monitoring and operation, as well as alarming and notifying of abnormal situations; Among them, the vehicle information acquisition module monitors the vehicle flow and speed in real time, reduces the lighting brightness when the vehicle flow is less than the preset threshold, and increases the lighting brightness when the vehicle flow increases; the environment acquisition module monitors the light intensity of the external environment of the tunnel in real time, reduces the lighting brightness when the external light is greater than the preset light intensity threshold, and increases the lighting brightness when the external light is lower than the light intensity threshold; the climate acquisition module monitors the external climate information, and increases the lighting brightness when haze, rain and other bad weather are detected; the data storage module is used to store monitoring historical data and preset calculation models and dimming instructions; the main control module performs comprehensive calculations based on the monitoring information of the vehicle information acquisition module, the environment acquisition module and the climate acquisition module, generates dimming instructions and sends them to the dimming execution unit through the communication module; the remote monitoring unit includes a data visualization module, a monitoring and operation module and an alarm and notification module, wherein the data visualization module displays the real-time data of the sensor and the lighting system through a graphical interface, the monitoring and operation module allows the management personnel to remotely manually dim the light, and the alarm and notification module automatically sends alarm information to the management personnel when the light intensity is too low, traffic congestion, or meteorological disasters occur.

2. The highway tunnel lighting system based on traffic flow and external environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module uses multiple algorithm models to process and calculate the collected information, including a basic dimming algorithm model, a climate condition dimming algorithm model, and a comprehensive dimming model. The main control module calculates the lighting intensity as a dimming instruction based on the traffic flow, external light, and climate factors through a preset brightness adjustment model; The basic dimming algorithm model includes: Ambient lighting factor sub-model: Determine the basic lighting brightness in the tunnel by comparing the external lighting value monitored by the environment acquisition module with the preset light intensity threshold; Traffic flow factor sub-model: adjusts the basic lighting brightness according to the changes in traffic volume and speed monitored by the vehicle information collection module; The climate condition dimming algorithm model includes: Rainy day dimming factor sub-model: when the rainfall exceeds the preset heavy rainfall threshold, the lighting brightness is increased; Haze dimming factor sub-model: When the haze concentration is detected to exceed the severe haze threshold, the lighting brightness is further increased and the light color of the lamps can be switched to enhance penetration; The comprehensive dimming model sets weight coefficients for the ambient light factor, traffic flow factor and climate condition factor respectively, calculates the final dimming instruction by weighted summation, and realizes dynamic dimming control with multi-factor coupling.

3. The highway tunnel lighting system based on traffic flow and external environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ambient light factor sub-model is based on the ambient light monitored by the environment acquisition module; when only the ambient light factor is considered, the data collected by the tunnel entrance, exit and internal light sensors are used as the basis; the external natural light intensity is I 自然 The unit of light intensity is lux. The initial standard lighting brightness in the tunnel is L 标准 , standard lighting brightness L 标准 The value range is 0-100% of the maximum lighting brightness of the lighting fixture module; The following ambient lighting factor sub-model is established. The ambient lighting brightness in the tunnel is L 环境 It is expressed as: ， in I max is the preset light intensity threshold. When the external light intensity exceeds this value, such as at noon on a sunny day, the light intensity can reach more than 100,000 lux. No additional lighting is required in the tunnel, and the brightness of the lamp can be reduced to 0. On the contrary, as the external light weakens, the lighting brightness in the tunnel increases linearly in proportion. The traffic flow factor sub-model is based on the traffic flow monitored by the vehicle information collection module; And / or, based on the vehicle flow N and vehicle speed V monitored by the tunnel entrance and exit vehicle information collection module, a model is constructed with the vehicle flow N and vehicle speed V information; First, divide the traffic flow into three intervals: Low flow, N<N 低流量 ; Medium flow N 低流量 ≤N≤N 高流量 ; High flow N 高流量 <N three intervals; The vehicle speed is also divided into three ranges: Low speed, V<V 低速度 ; Medium speed, V 低速度 ≤V≤V 高速度 ; High speed V 高速度 <V; The following traffic flow factor sub-model is established, where the traffic flow factor F 交通 It is expressed as: , When traffic flow and vehicle speed are in different combinations, the traffic flow factor adjusts the basic lighting brightness; And / or, the rainy day dimming factor sub-model is based on the rainfall information monitored by the climate acquisition module; when the rainfall sensor detects rainfall, the rainy day dimming factor is calculated; Assume that the rainfall is R, and the unit of rainfall R is mm / hour. Establish the rainy day dimming factor sub-model, where the rainy day dimming factor C 降水 It is expressed as: ， Where R max is the preset heavy rainfall threshold; μ 降水 Directly set the dimming coefficient for precipitation days, μ 强降水 The dimming coefficient of heavy precipitation days is directly set; the dimming factor sub-model of haze days is based on the haze information monitored by the climate acquisition module; the haze sensor detects the haze concentration S, the unit of haze concentration S is micrograms / cubic meter, and the dimming factor sub-model of haze days is established, where the dimming factor C of haze days is 雾霾 It is expressed as: ， Where S max is the severe haze threshold, μ 雾霾 Directly set the dimming coefficient for haze days, μ 强雾霾 Directly set the dimming coefficient on days with strong haze; And / or, the comprehensive dimming model performs weighted calculation of dimming instructions based on the basic dimming algorithm model and the climate condition dimming algorithm model; First, multi-factor weight allocation is performed. In order to comprehensively consider factors such as ambient light, traffic flow, and climate conditions, a weight allocation mechanism is adopted; Assume that the ambient light weight is ω 环境 ; Traffic flow weight is ω 交通 ; The weight of climate condition is ω 气候 ; 1=ω 环境+ oh 交通+ oh 气候 ; Then generate a dimming instruction, and calculate the brightness adjustment value based on the ambient light according to the above basic dimming algorithm model and the climate condition dimming algorithm model. L 环境 , brightness adjustment value based on traffic flow L 交通 ,in L 交通 = F 交通 L 标准 and brightness adjustment values ​​based on climate conditions L 气候 ,in L 气候 =ω 降水 C 降水 L 标准 +ω 雾霾 C 雾霾 L 标准 ; The final dimming command is obtained by weighted summation, which is expressed as: L =ω 环境 L 环境 +oh 交通 F 交通 L 标准 +oh 降水 C 降水 L 标准 +oh 雾霾 C 雾霾 L 标准 , The dimming execution unit dims the lighting module in the tunnel according to the final value.

4. The highway tunnel lighting system based on traffic flow and external environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle information collection module uses infrared sensors and laser radars; the infrared sensors monitor the number of cars passing through the tunnel; the laser radars are used to measure the traffic flow and speed; The environment acquisition module uses a light sensor to convert light signals into electrical signals based on the photoelectric effect, measure the ambient light intensity in real time, and provide the central control unit with data on the external ambient light; The climate collection module adopts a rainfall sensor and a haze sensor; the rainfall sensor is based on the principle that a change in medium causes a change in capacitance, measures the capacitance change in real time to determine the rainfall, and provides rainfall information data to the central control unit; the haze sensor measures the concentration of tiny particles in the air in real time, and provides haze information data to the central control unit.

5. The highway tunnel lighting system based on traffic flow and external environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimming execution unit includes a dimming driving module and a lighting fixture module, wherein: The dimming drive module realizes 0-100% stepless dimming by changing the current or voltage of the input lighting fixture according to the dimming command issued by the central control unit, and has overvoltage, overcurrent and overheating protection functions; The lighting fixture module adopts a group layout of LED lamps, and multiple LED lamps provide lighting as a group.

6. The highway tunnel lighting system based on traffic flow and external environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module adopts LoRa wireless communication technology and 4G / 5G network or wired dedicated network; The LoRa wireless communication technology transmits the monitoring data of the data acquisition unit to the central control unit to the main control module, and transmits the dimming instruction of the main control module to the dimming execution unit to the dimming drive module; The central control unit establishes a communication connection with the remote monitoring unit through a 4G / 5G network or a wired dedicated network. The central control unit packages the collected sensor data including light intensity, traffic flow, meteorological information, and the operating status data of the lighting system including the current lighting brightness and the working parameters of the dimming equipment in real time and pushes them to the remote monitoring unit according to certain time intervals or event triggers.

7. The highway tunnel lighting system based on traffic flow and external environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: After receiving tunnel traffic flow, light intensity, climate data and lighting system status information, the remote monitoring unit displays it in the form of a chart or real-time curve through the data visualization module. When abnormal conditions such as low light intensity, traffic congestion or meteorological disasters are detected, the alarm and notification module is automatically triggered to sound, pop-up window, text message or email.

8. A highway tunnel lighting method based on traffic flow and external environment, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on the highway tunnel lighting system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and comprises the following steps: Step S1, collecting data, collecting information on tunnel traffic and environment; The data collection unit installs a vehicle information collection module at a set position in the tunnel. The set position of the vehicle information collection module in the tunnel includes the tunnel entrance and exit, and is used to collect traffic flow information in real time, including data on vehicle flow and vehicle speed; The environment acquisition module is installed at the set position of the tunnel. The set position of the environment acquisition module in the tunnel includes the tunnel entrance, and is used to measure the intensity of the external environment light; Climate collection module A climate collection module is installed at a set position in the tunnel to measure external climate information; Step S2: Perform data processing and calculation based on the information from data collection, and output a dimming instruction; The main control module processes and calculates the collected information, and adjusts the brightness according to the calculation results. The brightness adjustment includes adjustment according to traffic flow, ambient light and climate change. The data storage module is used to store the historical data of the data acquisition unit monitoring traffic flow, ambient light and climate information, and store the calculation model of the main control module of the central control unit and the dimming instructions; The communication module transmits the monitoring data of the data acquisition unit to the central control unit to the main control module, and transmits the dimming instruction of the main control module to the dimming execution unit to the dimming drive module. The central control unit establishes a communication connection with the remote monitoring unit through the communication module; Step S3: according to the dimming instruction, the dimming execution unit increases or decreases the lighting brightness, and the dimming execution unit follows the slow change principle during the dimming process; The dimming driver module receives the dimming command calculated and output by the main control module to perform stepless dimming, and adjusts the brightness by changing the input current or voltage of the lighting fixture module. The dimming driver module also has complete over-voltage, over-current and over-heat protection functions; The lighting fixture module uses LED lamps, which are arranged in groups, with multiple LED lamps providing lighting as a group; Step S4, performing remote monitoring, including data visualization, monitoring and operation, and alarm and notification; Data visualization displays the received data through the graphical interface of the dedicated monitoring software; Monitoring and operation are carried out on the operation interface of the monitoring software, and the management personnel can remotely control the dimming execution unit; When abnormal situations occur, including low light intensity, traffic congestion, and meteorological disasters, alarms and notifications will be automatically triggered. The alarm methods are sound, pop-up windows, text messages, and emails to notify management personnel.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instruction stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program or instruction is executed by a processor, the method according to claim 8 is implemented.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that When the computer program or instruction is executed by a processor, the method according to claim 8 is implemented.

Images