Korean pine seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation. The invention provides a Korean pine seedling culture medium. The Korean pine seedling culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of waste mushroom bran, 12-16 parts of sand manure, 8-13 parts of perlite, 22-30 parts of turf, 15-20 parts of decomposed forestry and agricultural residues, 3-5 parts of volcanic rock powder and 1-2 parts of a complex microbial inoculant. By adopting the culture medium, sufficient nutrients can be provided, and rooting and growth of Korean pine seedlings are promoted; meanwhile, the air permeability, water drainage and micro-ecological balance of the substrate can be well maintained, and guarantee is provided for growth and development of Korean pine nursery stocks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation, and in particular to a Korean pine seedling cultivation matrix and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.) is an evergreen tree of the genus Pinus in the Pinaceae family. The bark is reddish brown or grayish brown, and it peels off in irregular scales. The inner bark is reddish brown. The crown is conical. The leaf sheaths fall off early. The cones are conical-ovate and do not crack after maturity. The top of the seed scales is recurved outward, and the scale navel is terminal. The seeds are obovate triangular and wingless. The flowering period is June, and the cones mature in September-October of the following year. After the outer bark of the Korean pine trunk falls off, the inner bark is reddish brown. There are reddish brown soft hairs on the annual branches, and the winter buds are light reddish brown, so it is called Korean pine. Korean pine can dispel rheumatism, moisturize the five internal organs, satisfy hunger, expel wind and cold, replenish the body, and moisturize the skin. Korean pine can generally be used as a garden shade tree, a street tree, or to create a landscape forest. Korean pine is rich in resin, and resin can be extracted to extract rosin and turpentine. Tannin can be extracted from the bark; pine needles can be extracted from pine needle oil, which is an important raw material for aromatic oils. Red pine is rich in fruits and has a high oil content. It is an important woody oil tree species for edible and industrial use.

[0003] At present, the main methods of raising seedlings of Korean pine include post-grafting cultivation and light substrate container seedling cultivation. Compared with the traditional seedling raising method, the light substrate container seedling raising method shortens the time by half, can realize afforestation in spring, summer and autumn, adapt to the needs of different seasons, and prolong the operation time. However, the nutritional level provided by the culture matrix used is uneven, and it cannot continuously provide sufficient nutrients, making it difficult to maintain the nutritional needs of newly planted seedlings. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a culture matrix that can fully and guarantee the nutritional needs of seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a culture matrix for red pine seedlings. The culture matrix prepared by the components of the present invention can provide sufficient nutrients to promote the rooting and growth of red pine seedlings; at the same time, it can also better maintain the aeration, drainage and microecological balance of the matrix, providing protection for the growth and development of red pine seedlings.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a Korean pine seedling culture matrix, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of waste mushroom husks, 12-16 parts of sandy manure, 8-13 parts of perlite, 22-30 parts of peat, 15-20 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes, 3-5 parts of volcanic rock powder and 1-2 parts of a composite bacterial agent.

[0007] Preferably, the decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes include bark, branches, leaves and pine needles.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation process of the decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes comprises: fully mixing the agricultural and forestry wastes and fermenting them under sealed conditions at 25-30° C. for 3-5 months.

[0009] Preferably, the composite bacterial agent includes any two or more of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria or nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0010] Preferably, when the composite bacterial agent is Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is (2-3):(1-2):(0.5-0.8).

[0011] Preferably, the effective live bacteria concentration of the composite bacterial agent is (0.5-1.2)×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the Korean pine seedling culture matrix, comprising the following steps:

[0013] (1) mixing waste mushroom husks, sandy manure, perlite, peat and a composite bacterial agent and fermenting the mixture to obtain a mixture A;

[0014] (2) Mix the mixture A with decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes and volcanic rock powder to obtain the product.

[0015] Preferably, the fermentation time in step (1) is 2-3 days, and the fermentation temperature is 25-28°C.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] In the technical solution of the present invention, waste mushroom husks, sandy manure, perlite, peat, decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, volcanic rock powder and other ingredients are used to prepare the culture matrix, which can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of red pine seedlings; it can ensure that water and nutrients are fully infiltrated, which is beneficial to the root growth and respiration of the seedlings. At the same time, the addition of the composite bacterial agent can balance the microbial balance in the matrix and improve the effective biological activity of the matrix; it can also inhibit some pathogens, reduce the incidence of seedlings, and better provide protection for the growth and development of red pine seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The invention provides a Korean pine seedling culture matrix, which comprises the following components: waste mushroom husks, sandy manure, perlite, peat, decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes, volcanic rock powder and a composite bacterial agent.

[0019] In the present invention, the weight proportion of the waste mushroom bran is preferably 40-60 parts, further preferably 45-55 parts, and further preferably 50 parts; the weight proportion of the sand manure is preferably 12-16 parts, further preferably 13-15 parts, and further preferably 14 parts; the weight proportion of the perlite is preferably 8-13 parts, further preferably 9-12 parts, and further preferably 11 parts; the weight proportion of the peat is preferably 22-30 parts, further preferably 24-29 parts, and further preferably 26 parts; the weight proportion of the decomposed agricultural and forestry waste is preferably 15-20 parts, further preferably 16-19 parts, and further preferably 17.5 parts; the weight proportion of the volcanic rock powder is preferably 3-5 parts, further preferably 3.4-4.8 parts, and further preferably 4.2 parts; the composite bacterial agent is preferably 1-2 parts, further preferably 1.2-1.8 parts, and further preferably 1.4 parts.

[0020] In the present invention, the waste mushroom bran is preferably waste shiitake mushroom bran or waste wood ear mushroom bran.

[0021] In the present invention, the preparation process of the waste mushroom husk is preferably to compost the waste mushroom sticks of shiitake mushrooms or fungus. The formula of the waste mushroom sticks preferably includes 8-13 parts of sawdust, 0.5-0.9 parts of rice bran, 0.1-0.2 parts of sucrose, 0.1-0.3 parts of gypsum powder and 0.01-0.06 parts of superphosphate, and further preferably includes 9-12 parts of sawdust, 0.6-0.8 parts of rice bran, 0.12-0.17 parts of sucrose, 0.15-0.25 parts of gypsum powder and 0.02-0.05 parts of superphosphate, and further preferably includes 10 parts of sawdust, 0.7 parts of rice bran, 0.15 parts of sucrose, 0.2 parts of gypsum powder and 0.04 parts of superphosphate.

[0022] In the present invention, the sand manure contains crude organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other ingredients, has comprehensive and balanced nutrients, has a microecological balancing effect on the substrate and a good water retention effect.

[0023] In the present invention, the decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes include bark, branches, leaves and pine needles.

[0024] In the present invention, the preparation process of the decomposed agricultural and forestry waste preferably includes fully mixing the agricultural and forestry waste and then fermenting it under sealed conditions. The fermentation temperature is preferably 25-30°C, further preferably 26-29°C, and further preferably 27-28°C; the fermentation time is preferably 3-5 months, and further preferably 4 months. The pine needles of the present invention contain a large amount of organic matter and trace elements. These organic matters will release nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients required for plant growth during the decomposition process, which has a promoting effect on the growth and development of plants; the decomposed pine needles are acidic after rotting in the soil, which can effectively reduce the pH value, thereby improving the pH value of the matrix and allowing more plants to grow well; and when used in combination with perlite, the material and chemical properties of the matrix can be adjusted to make it more suitable for plant growth.

[0025] In the present invention, the volcanic rock powder has a porous structure, which can increase the air permeability and drainage of the soil, help the development of the root system, increase the oxygen content of the root system, and is beneficial to the growth and development of plants; it is rich in various minerals and trace elements, which are beneficial to the growth of plants; it has stable chemical properties and can help adjust the pH value of the substrate to make it more suitable for plant growth; it helps to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and improve the disease resistance of plants.

[0026] In the present invention, the composite bacterial agent preferably includes any two or more of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria or nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The Bacillus subtilis can decompose organic matter, promote root growth, and improve root vitality; it can also coexist with plant roots, provide nutrients and growth regulators required by plants, thereby promoting the growth of seedlings; adjust the pH value of the substrate to create a suitable root ecological environment; it can inhibit the reproduction of pathogens in the soil, reduce soil-borne viruses of plants, and prevent the outbreak of various pests. The EM bacteria can increase the organic matter and nutrient content of effective microbial flora in the soil, improve poor soil, cultivate a micro-ecosystem, improve soil biological activity and buffering capacity, and make it more suitable for crop growth; it can improve water permeability and air permeability, promote the decomposition of organic matter, improve fertility, breed beneficial bacteria, and inhibit the invasion and development of pathogenic microorganisms.

[0027] In the present invention, when the composite bacterial agent is Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is preferably (2-3): (1-2): (0.5-0.8), further preferably (2.2-2.8): (1.2-1.8): (0.6-0.7), and further preferably 2.5: 1.5: 0.65. The effective live bacterial concentration of the composite bacterial agent in the present invention is preferably (0.5-1.2) × 10 9 cfu / mL, and more preferably (0.6-1)×10 9cfu / mL, and more preferably 0.8×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0028] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the Korean pine seedling culture matrix, comprising the following steps:

[0029] (1) mixing waste mushroom husks, sandy manure, perlite, peat and a composite bacterial agent and fermenting the mixture to obtain a mixture A;

[0030] (2) Mix the mixture A with decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes and volcanic rock powder to obtain the product.

[0031] In the present invention, waste mushroom bran, sandy manure, perlite and peat are air-dried before use, and then the air-dried waste mushroom bran, sandy manure, perlite and peat are mixed with the composite bacterial agent, and fermented after mixing evenly to obtain a mixture A. The fermentation time of the present invention is preferably 2-3 days, and more preferably 3 days; the fermentation temperature is preferably 25-28°C, more preferably 25.5-27.5°C, and more preferably 26°C.

[0032] In the present invention, the mixture A is mixed with decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes and volcanic rock powder, and after being evenly mixed, the Korean pine seedling culture matrix is ​​obtained.

[0033] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] The Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria described in the present invention were all purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A Korean pine seedling culture matrix, comprising: 50 parts of shiitake mushroom waste, 14 parts of sandy manure, 11 parts of perlite, 26 parts of peat, 17.5 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, 4.2 parts of volcanic rock powder and 1.4 parts of a composite bacterial agent; the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 2.5:1.5:0.65, and the effective live bacteria concentration of the composite bacterial agent is 0.8×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A Korean pine seedling culture matrix, comprising: 40 parts of shiitake mushroom waste, 12 parts of sandy manure, 13 parts of perlite, 22 parts of peat, 15 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, 5 parts of volcanic rock powder and 2 parts of a composite bacterial agent; the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 2:2:0.5, and the effective live bacteria concentration of the composite bacterial agent is 0.5×109 cfu / mL.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] A Korean pine seedling culture matrix, comprising: 60 parts of waste fungus chaff, 16 parts of sandy manure, 8 parts of perlite, 30 parts of peat, 20 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, 3 parts of volcanic rock powder and 1 part of a composite bacterial agent; the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:1:0.8, and the effective live bacteria concentration of the composite bacterial agent is 1.2×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] The preparation method of the Korean pine seedling culture matrix described in Example 1 comprises the following steps:

[0043] (1) waste mushroom bran, sandy manure, perlite, peat and composite bacterial agent were mixed, mixed evenly and fermented at 26° C. for 3 days to obtain a mixture A;

[0044] (2) Mix the mixture A with the decomposed agricultural and forestry waste and volcanic rock powder, and mix them evenly to obtain a Korean pine seedling culture matrix.

[0045] Example 5

[0046] The preparation method of the Korean pine seedling culture matrix described in Example 1 comprises the following steps:

[0047] (1) waste mushroom bran, sandy manure, perlite, peat and composite bacterial agent were mixed, mixed evenly and fermented at 25° C. for 2 days to obtain a mixture A;

[0048] (2) Mix the mixture A with the decomposed agricultural and forestry waste and volcanic rock powder, and mix them evenly to obtain a Korean pine seedling culture matrix.

[0049] Example 6

[0050] The preparation method of the Korean pine seedling culture matrix described in Example 1 comprises the following steps:

[0051] (1) waste mushroom bran, sandy manure, perlite, peat and composite bacterial agent were mixed, mixed evenly and fermented at 28° C. for 3 days to obtain a mixture A;

[0052] (2) Mix the mixture A with the decomposed agricultural and forestry waste and volcanic rock powder, and mix them evenly to obtain a Korean pine seedling culture matrix.

[0053] Example 7

[0054] The preparation method of the Korean pine seedling culture matrix described in Example 2 comprises the following steps:

[0055] (1) waste mushroom bran, sandy manure, perlite, peat and composite bacterial agent were mixed, mixed evenly and fermented at 26° C. for 3 days to obtain a mixture A;

[0056] (2) Mix the mixture A with the decomposed agricultural and forestry waste and volcanic rock powder, and mix them evenly to obtain a Korean pine seedling culture matrix.

[0057] Example 8

[0058] The preparation method of the Korean pine seedling culture matrix described in Example 3 comprises the following steps:

[0059] (1) waste mushroom bran, sandy manure, perlite, peat and composite bacterial agent were mixed, mixed evenly and fermented at 26° C. for 3 days to obtain a mixture A;

[0060] (2) Mix the mixture A with the decomposed agricultural and forestry waste and volcanic rock powder, and mix them evenly to obtain a Korean pine seedling culture matrix.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] A Korean pine seedling culture matrix, comprising: 50 parts of shiitake mushroom waste, 11 parts of perlite, 26 parts of peat, and 1.4 parts of a composite bacterial agent; the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 2.5:1.5:0.65, and the effective live bacteria concentration of the composite bacterial agent is 0.8×10 9 cfu / mL;

[0063] The preparation method of the Korean pine seedling culture matrix comprises the following steps:

[0064] (1) waste mushroom bran, sandy manure, perlite, peat and composite bacterial agent were mixed, mixed evenly and fermented at 26° C. for 3 days to obtain a mixture A;

[0065] (2) Mix the mixture A with the decomposed agricultural and forestry waste and volcanic rock powder, and mix them evenly to obtain a Korean pine seedling culture matrix.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] A Korean pine seedling culture matrix, comprising: 50 parts of shiitake mushroom waste husks, 14 parts of sandy manure, 11 parts of perlite, 26 parts of peat, 17.5 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes, and 4.2 parts of volcanic rock powder;

[0068] The preparation method of the Korean pine seedling culture matrix comprises the following steps:

[0069] (1) waste mushroom bran, sandy manure, perlite, peat and composite bacterial agent were mixed, mixed evenly and fermented at 26° C. for 3 days to obtain a mixture A;

[0070] (2) Mix the mixture A with the decomposed agricultural and forestry waste and volcanic rock powder, and mix them evenly to obtain a Korean pine seedling culture matrix.

[0071] Comparative Example 3

[0072] A Korean pine seedling culture matrix, comprising: 50 parts of shiitake mushroom waste, 14 parts of sandy manure, 11 parts of perlite, 26 parts of peat, 17.5 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, 4.2 parts of volcanic rock powder and 1.4 parts of a composite bacterial agent; the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a mass ratio of 2.5:1.5:0.65, and the effective live bacteria concentration of the composite bacterial agent is 0.8×10 9 cfu / mL;

[0073] The preparation method of the Korean pine seedling culture matrix comprises the following steps:

[0074] (1) mixing waste mushroom husks, sandy manure, perlite, peat and a composite bacterial agent, and mixing them evenly to obtain a mixture A;

[0075] (2) Mix the mixture A with the decomposed agricultural and forestry waste and volcanic rock powder, and mix them evenly to obtain a Korean pine seedling culture matrix.

[0076] Test Example 1

[0077] One-year-old Korean pine seedlings with strong growth and the same growth conditions were randomly selected as test seedlings. They were grown in different culture matrices of experimental and control groups, with 30 plants in each matrix, and were managed in the conventional way.

[0078] The experimental groups include experimental group 1, experimental group 2, experimental group 3, experimental group 4 and experimental group 5, wherein experimental group 1 adopts the red pine seedling culture substrate prepared in Example 4, experimental group 2 adopts the red pine seedling culture substrate prepared in Example 5, experimental group 3 adopts the red pine seedling culture substrate prepared in Example 6, experimental group 4 adopts the red pine seedling culture substrate prepared in Example 7, and experimental group 5 adopts the red pine seedling culture substrate prepared in Example 8.

[0079] The control groups included control group 1, control group 2, control group 3 and control group 4, wherein control group 1 adopted the red pine seedling culture substrate prepared in comparison example 1, control group 2 adopted the red pine seedling culture substrate prepared in comparison example 2, control group 3 adopted the red pine seedling culture substrate prepared in comparison example 3, and control group 4 adopted field soil (from the Qingmei Experimental Station of Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences) as the red pine seedling culture substrate. (one)

[0081] The initial height of the test seedlings was 15-25 cm, and the initial ground diameter was 3-5 mm. After one year of growth, the morphological indicators, aboveground biomass and root biomass of the Korean pine seedlings were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0082] Table 1 Effects of different treatment groups on morphological indicators of Korean pine seedlings

[0083] Group Seedling height (cm) Ground diameter (mm) Aspect ratio (cm / mm) Experimental Group 1 58.4 8.8 6.63 Experimental Group 2 57.9 8.8 6.58 Experimental Group 3 58.2 8.9 6.54 Experimental Group 4 57.5 8.7 6.61 Experimental Group 5 57.6 8.7 6.62 Control group 1 48.3 8.0 6.04 Control group 2 49.1 8.0 6.14 Control group 3 52.8 8.3 6.36 Control group 4 34.2 6.4 5.34

[0084] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on aboveground biomass and root biomass of Korean pine seedlings

[0085] Group Aboveground biomass (g) Root biomass (g) Experimental Group 1 4.52 0.85 Experimental Group 2 4.49 0.84 Experimental Group 3 4.50 0.84 Experimental Group 4 4.51 0.83 Experimental Group 5 4.50 0.85 Control group 1 3.87 0.59 Control group 2 3.63 0.48 Control group 3 4.16 0.72 Control group 4 3.11 0.37

[0086] As shown in Table 1-2, compared with the control group, the experimental group had better seedling height and ground diameter, and higher aboveground biomass and root biomass, which indicated that the culture matrix of the present invention could effectively promote the growth and development of Korean pine seedlings.

[0087] In summary, it can be seen that the culture matrix prepared by the components of the present invention can provide sufficient nutrients, promote the rooting of Korean pine seedlings and the growth of seedlings, and provide protection for the growth and development of Korean pine seedlings.

[0088] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Korean pine seedling culture matrix, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of waste mushroom husks, 12-16 parts of sandy manure, 8-13 parts of perlite, 22-30 parts of peat, 15-20 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes, 3-5 parts of volcanic rock powder and 1-2 parts of compound bacterial agent.

2. The Korean pine seedling culture matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that The decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes include bark, branches, leaves and pine needles.

3. The Korean pine seedling culture matrix according to claim 2, characterized in that The preparation process of the decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes comprises: fully mixing the agricultural and forestry wastes and then fermenting them under sealed conditions at 25-30° C. for 3-5 months.

4. The Korean pine seedling culture matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite bacterial agent includes any two or more of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria or nitrogen-fixing bacteria; When the composite bacterial agent is Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is (2-3):(1-2):(0.5-0.8).

5. The Korean pine seedling culture matrix according to claim 4, characterized in that: The effective live bacteria concentration of the composite bacterial agent is (0.5-1.2)×10 9 cfu / mL.

6. The method for preparing the Korean pine seedling culture matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) mixing waste mushroom husks, sandy manure, perlite, peat and a composite bacterial agent and fermenting the mixture to obtain a mixture A; (2) Mix the mixture A with decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes and volcanic rock powder to obtain the product.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fermentation time of step (1) is 2-3 days, and the fermentation temperature is 25-28°C.