A vibration protection method and device for equipment

Abstract

This application discloses a vibration protection method for equipment. To achieve vibration protection of the target equipment, a first signal is acquired, the real-time rotational speed of the target equipment is determined using the first signal, and a filtering bandwidth is determined based on the real-time rotational speed and the quality factor of a filter. The second signal is then filtered using this filtering bandwidth to obtain a filtered signal, i.e., a third signal. This filtering method ensures that the fundamental frequency component is retained as much as possible while removing the harmonic components. Furthermore, the third signal is resampled to obtain a fourth signal, the spectral resolution of which is higher than that of the third signal. This resampling method ensures that the fundamental frequency energy leakage is minimized, thereby maximizing the retention of the fundamental frequency vibration value of the fourth signal after frequency domain processing. This reduces the risk of false alarms and malfunctions when vibration protection is performed based on this fundamental frequency vibration value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vibration protection technology, specifically to a vibration protection method and device for equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Large, high-speed, heavy-load rotating machinery, such as gas turbines, generates significant vibrations during high-speed operation. These vibrations not only affect the equipment's lifespan but can also disrupt the surrounding environment. To prevent damage or malfunctions caused by excessive vibration, vibration protection measures are necessary.

[0003] However, due to the significant differences between large-scale rotating machinery with drive ends and general rotating machinery, current vibration monitoring methods are only applicable to general rotating machinery. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a vibration protection method specifically for large-scale rotating machinery with drive ends. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a vibration protection method and apparatus for equipment, so as to achieve vibration protection for large-scale driven rotating machinery.

[0005] To address the above problems, the technical solutions provided in this application are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect of this application, a vibration protection method for equipment is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] Acquire a first signal, and determine the real-time rotation speed of the target device based on the first signal, wherein the first signal carries the rotation speed information of the target device;

[0008] The bandwidth of the filter is determined based on the real-time rotational speed and the quality factor of the filter, and the filter is a bandpass filter.

[0009] A second signal is acquired, and the second signal is filtered based on the bandwidth to obtain a third signal. The second signal is used to reflect the vibration information of the target device.

[0010] A fourth signal is obtained by resampling the third signal, and the spectral resolution of the fourth signal is higher than that of the third signal.

[0011] Vibration protection is applied to the target device based on the frequency domain processing results of the fourth signal.

[0012] In a second aspect of this application, a vibration protection device is provided, the device comprising: a key phase sensor, a vibration module, a piezoelectric sensor, and a protection module;

[0013] The key phase sensor is deployed on the bearing of the target device to detect the rotational speed of the target device and send the detected first signal to the vibration module;

[0014] The piezoelectric sensor is deployed on the target device to detect the vibration of the target device and send the detected second signal to the vibration module;

[0015] The vibration module is used to determine an alarm signal based on the first signal and the second signal, and send the alarm signal to the protection module;

[0016] The protection module is used to provide vibration protection for the target device based on the alarm signal.

[0017] In a third aspect of this application, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a processor and a memory;

[0018] The memory is used to store computer-readable instructions or computer programs;

[0019] The processor is configured to read the computer-readable instructions or the computer program to enable the electronic device to implement the vibration protection method described in the first aspect.

[0020] In a fourth aspect of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein instructions are stored therein, which, when executed on a device, cause the device to perform the vibration protection method described in the first aspect.

[0021] In a fifth aspect of this application, a computer program product is provided that, when the computer program product is run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the vibration protection method described in the first aspect.

[0022] Therefore, the embodiments of this application have the following beneficial effects:

[0023] In this application, to achieve vibration protection for target equipment, a first signal is acquired, the real-time rotational speed of the target equipment is determined using this first signal, and a filtering bandwidth is determined based on this real-time rotational speed and the quality factor of the filter. This filtering bandwidth is then used to filter a second signal to obtain a filtered signal, i.e., a third signal. This filtering method ensures that the fundamental frequency component is retained as much as possible while removing the harmonic components. Furthermore, the third signal is resampled to obtain a fourth signal, the spectral resolution of which is higher than that of the third signal. This resampling method ensures minimal leakage of fundamental frequency energy, thereby maximizing the retention of the fundamental frequency vibration value of the fourth signal after frequency domain processing. This fundamental frequency vibration value can more accurately reflect the vibration status of the target equipment. In other words, the technical solution provided in this application can obtain a more accurate fundamental frequency vibration value, thereby reducing the risk of false alarms and malfunctions when performing vibration protection based on this fundamental frequency vibration value. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 A structural diagram of a vibration protection device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a vibration protection method for a device provided in this application embodiment;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a vibration protection frame diagram provided for an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0028] Currently, vibration monitoring and protection for steam turbines and compressors generally rely on displacement sensors, with time-domain calculated values ​​serving as the primary monitoring and interlocking protection basis, such as frequency band vibration values, or peak-to-peak values ​​of the time-domain signal. Interlocking protection refers to the ability of a device or equipment to automatically stop or reverse operation, or cut off relevant hazardous sources, or issue alarms via buzzers, audible and visual alarms, when a physical quantity changes—such as pressure, temperature, resistance, concentration, distance, or liquid level—exceeding a specified limit. This prevents malfunctions or accidents.

[0029] The frequency band vibration value refers to the measure of the total energy or amplitude of equipment vibration within a certain frequency range (generally 10Hz to 1000Hz). It is calculated by measuring the sum of the vibration energy of the equipment at all frequencies, reflecting the vibration status of the equipment across all frequency ranges. This frequency band vibration value includes components of each frequency. For high-speed, heavy-load rotating machinery such as gas turbines, the harmonics may exhibit larger amplitudes due to factors such as airflow disturbances, thus affecting the frequency band vibration value and leading to inaccurate values. If interlocking protection is implemented using this value, malfunctions often occur.

[0030] Therefore, this application proposes monitoring and protection of gas turbines through frequency domain processing. Typically, frequency domain processing includes the total bandpass filter vibration value, fundamental frequency vibration value, harmonic vibration value, and adaptive bandpass filter fundamental frequency vibration value.

[0031] Among them, the total vibration value of the bandpass filter refers to the total vibration amplitude of all frequency domain signals within the passband after the original vibration signal is bandpass filtered in the frequency domain; the fundamental frequency vibration value refers to the vibration amplitude of the fundamental frequency component in the original vibration signal; the harmonic vibration value refers to the vibration amplitude of the harmonic frequency component in the original vibration signal; and the fundamental frequency vibration value of the adaptive bandpass filter resampling is the vibration amplitude of the fundamental frequency component obtained by resampling and frequency domain processing after adaptive bandpass filtering.

[0032] All four vibration values ​​mentioned above can be used as monitoring values ​​for gas turbines. However, considering interlocking protection, the value that most accurately represents the real-time vibration state of the equipment is required. Although the total vibration value obtained by bandpass filtering has undergone bandpass filtering, it still retains many frequency components within the passband and does not fundamentally filter out harmonic interference. Harmonic vibration values ​​are unsuitable as protection values ​​due to their large disturbances. Furthermore, the fundamental frequency vibration value obtained by directly processing the original vibration signal in the frequency domain may exhibit energy leakage due to limitations such as the acquisition frequency and the number of sampling points, resulting in an underestimation of the fundamental frequency vibration value and causing a failure to activate.

[0033] Based on this, this application proposes to use adaptive bandpass filtering to resample the fundamental frequency vibration value for interlocking protection, thereby avoiding the above-mentioned situations. The fundamental frequency vibration value obtained by adaptive bandpass filtering resampling can more accurately represent the real-time status of the equipment, thus reducing the risk of malfunction or failure to operate.

[0034] Furthermore, considering the high temperature, high pressure, and flammability of the gas inside the equipment, installing a displacement sensor through an opening would increase the risk. Therefore, this application proposes a vibration protection device that uses adaptive bandpass filtering to resample the fundamental frequency vibration value for interlocking protection.

[0035] It should be noted that the vibration protection method and device provided in this application are applicable to any rotating target equipment that requires vibration protection during operation, such as gas turbines, steam turbines, and compressors. For ease of understanding, a gas turbine will be used as an example below.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 1 The vibration protection device shown in the diagram includes a key phase sensor 101, a piezoelectric sensor 102, a vibration module 103, and a protection module 104.

[0037] Among them, the key phase sensor 101 and the piezoelectric sensor 102 are respectively connected to the vibration module 103, and the vibration module 103 is connected to the protection module 104.

[0038] Specifically, the key phase sensor 101 is deployed on the bearing of the target device to detect the rotational speed of the target device and sends the detected first signal to the vibration module 103. The first channel carries the rotational speed information of the device. In other words, the rotational speed information of the target device can be detected through the key phase sensor. The number of key phase sensors can be determined according to the actual application scenario.

[0039] The piezoelectric sensor 102 can be deployed at multiple locations on the target device to detect the vibration of the target device and send the detected second signal to the vibration module 103. The second signal reflects the vibration information of the target device, which is equivalent to the original vibration signal mentioned above.

[0040] The piezoelectric sensor 102 operates as follows: when external vibrations occur, the piezoelectric material within the sensor experiences stress changes. These stress changes alter the crystal structure of the piezoelectric material, generating charge or potential difference. These charges or potential differences are then amplified and processed by the circuitry within the sensor, ultimately converting them into a measurable electrical signal, i.e., the second signal.

[0041] Typically, piezoelectric sensors are deployed in locations where the target equipment experiences frequent or large vibrations. To achieve comprehensive monitoring of the vibration of the target equipment, multiple piezoelectric sensors are usually required.

[0042] The vibration module 103, upon receiving the first signal and the second signal, determines an alarm signal based on the first signal and the second signal, and sends the alarm signal to the protection module 104, so that the protection module 104 can provide vibration protection to the target device based on the alarm signal.

[0043] As described above, this application achieves adaptive bandpass filtering by determining the bandwidth of the bandpass filter based on the real-time rotational speed of the target device. The vibration signal is then filtered using this real-time bandwidth to retain the fundamental frequency component as much as possible while removing the harmonic components. Based on this, the vibration module first determines the current real-time rotational speed of the target device based on the first signal, and then determines the adaptive bandwidth based on this real-time rotational speed and the quality factor of the bandpass filter. This adaptive bandwidth is then used to filter the second signal, and the filtered second signal (i.e., the third signal) is resampled. This improves the frequency resolution of the sampled signal (i.e., the so-called fourth signal), thereby preventing leakage of the fundamental frequency component.

[0044] After obtaining the resampled signal, the vibration module 103 performs frequency domain processing on the resampled signal to obtain the frequency domain processing result. Based on the frequency domain processing result, it generates an alarm signal and sends it to the protection module 104, enabling the protection module 104 to perform vibration protection on the target equipment based on the alarm signal. The frequency domain processing result refers to the fundamental frequency vibration value obtained after processing the resampled signal in the frequency domain. Because the fundamental frequency vibration value is more accurate after adaptive bandpass filtering and resampling, vibration protection based on this fundamental frequency vibration value can effectively reduce the risk of false alarms and malfunctions.

[0045] It should be noted that when there are multiple piezoelectric sensors, the vibration module performs filtering and resampling on the second signal distribution sent by each piezoelectric sensor, and performs vibration protection on each processing result distribution.

[0046] In some implementations, considering that the signal acquired by the key phase sensor typically includes noise, the first signal acquired by the key phase sensor can be denoised to improve the accuracy of the subsequently determined rotational speed, and the denoised first signal can be sent to the vibration module. Specifically, the device also includes a processing module 105, one end of which is connected to the key phase sensor 101 and the other end to the vibration module 103. The processing module 105 is used to denoise the first signal sent by the key phase sensor 101 and send the denoised first signal to the vibration module 103. The denoised first signal includes a fundamental frequency signal.

[0047] The processing module can take the form of a filter or an amplifier. Specifically, the processing module 105 and the key phase sensor 101 can be independent physical devices, or the functions of the processing module and the logic functions of the key phase sensor can be integrated into the same physical device.

[0048] In some embodiments, the device 100 may further include a relay 106 connected to the protection module 104. Specifically, the relay 106 is used to control the operating status of the target device based on the protection signal output by the protection module 104.

[0049] The relay and the protection module can be independent physical devices, or the functions of the relay and the logic functions of the protection module can be integrated into the same physical device.

[0050] In some embodiments, the device 100 may further include an amplifier 107, one end of which is connected to the piezoelectric sensor 102 and the other end to the vibration module 103. The amplifier 107 amplifies the signal output from the piezoelectric sensor before sending it to the vibration module 103. That is, by amplifying the signal, the vibration module can extract a more accurate fundamental frequency vibration value from the amplified signal.

[0051] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions provided in this application, specific embodiments will be described below.

[0052] See Figure 2 The figure is a flowchart of a vibration protection method for a device provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, this method is applied to Figure 1 The vibration module 103 shown includes:

[0053] S201: Acquire the first signal and determine the real-time rotation speed of the target device based on the first signal.

[0054] The first signal carries the rotational speed information of the target device, and the vibration module obtains the real-time rotational speed of the target device by processing the first signal.

[0055] In practical applications, the key phase sensor generates pulse signals as the target device rotates, which are then converted into corresponding electrical signals (the first signal) and sent to the vibration module. The frequency of the pulse signal is directly proportional to the rotational speed of the target device; therefore, the vibration module can determine the rotational speed of the target device by measuring the frequency of the electrical signal. The frequency of the electrical signal is the same as the frequency of the pulse signal.

[0056] In some implementations, to ensure the accuracy of the determined real-time rotational speed, the signal collected by the key phase sensor can be processed by the processing module to remove noise before being sent to the vibration module.

[0057] S202: Determine the bandwidth of the filter based on the real-time rotational speed and the quality factor of the filter.

[0058] The filter is a bandpass filter, and its quality factor can be determined based on the target device's rated speed and rated bandwidth at that speed. Specifically, the quality factor of the filter is determined by dividing the rated speed by the rated bandwidth.

[0059] It should be noted that the quality factor Q of the filter remains constant at different rotational speeds. Based on this, the bandwidth of the filter is equal to the real-time rotational speed divided by the quality factor of the filter.

[0060] S203: Obtain the second signal, filter the second signal based on the bandwidth, and obtain the third signal.

[0061] The second signal is used to reflect the vibration information of the target equipment, and this second signal is generated by... Figure 1 The signal is acquired by a piezoelectric sensor and is a time-domain signal.

[0062] After determining the bandwidth of the bandpass filter, this bandwidth is used to perform bandpass filtering on the second signal to retain the fundamental frequency component while filtering out the harmonic component. Since the second signal is a time-domain signal, to achieve bandpass filtering, it is first transformed into the frequency domain before filtering to obtain the third signal. It should be noted that if a time-domain transformation is performed after filtering, the obtained third signal is a time-domain signal; if no time-domain transformation is performed after filtering, the obtained third signal is a frequency-domain signal.

[0063] S204: Resample based on the third signal to obtain the fourth signal.

[0064] To further avoid leakage of the fundamental frequency component, the bandpass filtered signal will be resampled. By using a higher sampling frequency and a higher number of sampling points, the sampled signal, i.e., the fourth signal, will be obtained.

[0065] Specifically, the third signal is resampled in the time domain. Considering that the third signal may be a frequency domain signal, it needs to be converted into a time domain signal and then resampled to obtain the fourth signal. In this case, the fourth signal is a time domain signal. Because a higher sampling frequency and number of sampling points are used during resampling, the spectral resolution of the fourth signal is higher than that of the third signal, thus avoiding leakage of the fundamental frequency component.

[0066] S205: Vibration protection for the target equipment is performed based on the frequency domain processing results of the fourth signal.

[0067] Considering that the vibration value obtained by time-domain processing of the vibration signal includes harmonic components, and that the harmonics exhibit large amplitudes due to airflow disturbances, malfunctions can easily occur when interlocking protection is performed based on the passband vibration value obtained from time-domain processing. Therefore, this embodiment performs frequency-domain processing on the fourth signal. The vibration value obtained from frequency-domain processing is more accurate, thereby reducing the risk of malfunctions and failures to operate when providing vibration protection for the gas turbine based on this vibration value.

[0068] Specifically, the fourth signal is converted into a frequency domain signal, the fundamental frequency vibration value is determined based on the frequency domain signal, and vibration protection is applied to the target equipment based on the fundamental frequency vibration value. Since the fourth signal obtained through resampling is a time domain signal, in order to achieve vibration protection of the target equipment based on the frequency domain processing result, the fourth signal is first converted into a frequency domain signal, and the fundamental frequency vibration amplitude is extracted through the frequency domain signal.

[0069] As can be seen, to achieve vibration protection for the target equipment, a first signal is acquired, the real-time rotational speed of the target equipment is determined using this first signal, and the filtering bandwidth is determined based on this real-time rotational speed and the quality factor of the filter. This filtering bandwidth is then used to filter the second signal to obtain the filtered signal, i.e., the third signal. This filtering method ensures that the fundamental frequency component is retained as much as possible while removing the harmonic components. Furthermore, the third signal is resampled to obtain a fourth signal, the spectral resolution of which is higher than that of the third signal. This method ensures that the fundamental frequency energy leakage is minimized, thereby maximizing the retention of the fundamental frequency vibration value of the fourth signal after frequency domain processing. This fundamental frequency vibration value more accurately reflects the vibration status of the target equipment. In other words, the technical solution provided in this application can obtain a more accurate fundamental frequency vibration value, thus reducing the risk of false alarms and malfunctions when performing vibration protection based on this fundamental frequency vibration value.

[0070] For a better understanding of the implementation framework of this application, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 The vibration protection framework diagram is shown. Specifically, the vibration module first determines the quality factor Q value of the filter based on the rated speed of the gas turbine and the filter bandwidth at the rated speed.

[0071] The vibration module calculates the real-time rotational speed using the acquired rotational speed signal (first signal), determines the adaptive bandwidth of the filter based on the real-time rotational speed and Q value, and uses this adaptive bandwidth to filter the acquired vibration signal (second signal). The filtered signal is then resampled in the time domain. The vibration module performs frequency domain processing on the resampled signal to obtain the fundamental frequency vibration amplitude, and generates an alarm signal based on this fundamental frequency vibration amplitude. This alarm signal is then used by the protection module to protect the gas turbine.

[0072] In addition, this application embodiment also provides a gas turbine, which includes a device 100, a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine.

[0073] In a gas turbine, the compressor compresses incoming air into high-pressure air, the combustion chamber mixes fuel with air and burns it, and the turbine is the component that expands the air to do work. Specifically, the gas turbine compresses air through the compressor, then mixes it with fuel in the combustion chamber to produce high-temperature, high-pressure gas, which drives the turbine to rotate, thereby outputting mechanical energy.

[0074] During the operation of the gas turbine, device 100 is used to protect it from vibration.

[0075] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium, including instructions or a computer program, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the gas turbine vibration protection method described above.

[0076] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the systems or apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0077] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0078] It should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0079] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented directly by hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module can be located in random access memory (RAM), main memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0080] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A vibration protection method for equipment, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire a first signal, and determine the real-time rotation speed of the target device based on the first signal, wherein the first signal carries the rotation speed information of the target device; The bandwidth of the filter is determined based on the real-time rotational speed and the quality factor of the filter, and the filter is a bandpass filter. A second signal is acquired, and the second signal is filtered based on the bandwidth to obtain a third signal. The second signal is used to reflect the vibration information of the target device. A fourth signal is obtained by resampling the third signal, and the spectral resolution of the fourth signal is higher than that of the third signal. Vibration protection is applied to the target device based on the frequency domain processing results of the fourth signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of resampling based on the third signal to obtain the fourth signal includes: Convert the third signal into a time-domain signal; The time-domain signal is resampled to obtain a fourth signal.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The vibration protection of the target device based on the frequency domain processing result of the fourth signal includes: Convert the fourth signal into a frequency domain signal; The fundamental frequency vibration amplitude is determined based on the frequency domain signal; Vibration protection is provided for the target equipment based on the fundamental frequency vibration amplitude.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the rated speed and rated bandwidth of the target device; The quality factor of the filter is determined based on the rated speed and the rated bandwidth.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target equipment includes a gas turbine.

6. A vibration protection device, characterized in that, The vibration protection device performs the method according to any one of claims 1-5, and the device includes: a key phase sensor, a vibration module, a piezoelectric sensor, and a protection module; The key phase sensor is deployed on the bearing of the target device to detect the rotational speed of the target device and send the detected first signal to the vibration module; The piezoelectric sensor is deployed on the target device to detect the vibration of the target device and send the detected second signal to the vibration module; The vibration module is used to determine an alarm signal based on the first signal and the second signal, and send the alarm signal to the protection module; The protection module is used to provide vibration protection for the target device based on the alarm signal.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device further includes a processing module, one end of which is connected to the key phase sensor and the other end of which is connected to the vibration module; The processing module is used to perform noise reduction processing on the first signal and send the processed first signal to the vibration module. The processed first signal includes a fundamental frequency signal.

8. The apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The device further includes a relay, which is connected to the protection module; The relay is used to control the operating status of the target device based on the protection signal output by the protection module.

9. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device further includes an amplifier, one end of which is connected to the piezoelectric sensor and the other end of which is connected to the vibration module; The amplifier is used to amplify the signal output by the piezoelectric sensor and then send it to the vibration module.

10. A gas turbine, characterized in that, The gas turbine includes the apparatus, compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine as described in any one of claims 6-9.

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