Fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined solar power generation system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photo-thermal power generation, in particular to a fluidized bed reactor and a supercritical carbon dioxide combined solar power generation system. The system comprises a calcining system, a heat exchange system, a power generation system and a fluidized bed reactor. The calcining system comprises a solar heat supply module, a calcining reactor, and a calcium carbonate storage container, a carbon dioxide storage unit and a calcium oxide storage container which are respectively connected with the calcining reactor; the power generation system comprises a first power generation system and a second power generation system; an inlet of the first power generation system is connected with the carbon dioxide storage unit; a buried pipe is arranged in the fluidized bed reactor and is used for circulating supercritical carbon dioxide; the buried pipe is connected with the second power generation system. Through integration of the fluidized bed reactor with the buried pipe, the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle and two-stage expansion power generation, higher heat efficiency, more stable fluidization performance and higher energy utilization rate are achieved, and the problems that in the prior art, the overall cycle power generation efficiency is low, and the heat efficiency is low are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photothermal power generation, and in particular to a fluidized bed reactor and a supercritical carbon dioxide combined with a solar power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Solar thermal power generation has become a form of energy that has attracted much attention due to its advantages of being clean, efficient and widely available. Solar thermal power generation can convert solar radiation into thermal energy and further use it to generate electricity. However, solar thermal power generation relies on sunshine conditions and has intermittent problems, which limits its potential for application in power grids. In addition, traditional solar thermal power generation systems usually use separate energy storage and power generation systems, resulting in large equipment scale, high cost and large system heat loss.

[0003] Thermochemical energy storage has become a research hotspot in the field of solar thermal power generation due to its high energy density and long-term energy storage advantages. At present, the mainstream trend is to generate electricity by combining solar energy with thermochemical energy storage. For example, the prior art discloses a zero-carbon emission combined heat and power system based on a solar methanol decomposition synthesis cycle. The application scenario is mainly to combine solar methanol decomposition, synthesis gas combustion and methanol synthesis cycle to achieve combined heat and power, and its power generation method adopts the steam Rankine cycle. However, under normal circumstances, the operating temperature of the steam Rankine cycle is usually not higher than 300°C, and the working pressure is not more than 10MPa. The overall cycle power generation efficiency is low, and the thermal efficiency is about 30% to 40%, which is not suitable for large-scale solar energy applications. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of low operating temperature, low overall cycle power generation efficiency and low thermal efficiency in the existing solar energy and thermochemical energy storage combined power generation technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined solar power generation system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

[0006] The invention provides a fluidized bed reactor and a supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system, comprising a calcination system, a heat exchange system, a power generation system and a fluidized bed reactor.

[0007] The calcination system includes a solar heating module and a calcination reactor, and a calcium carbonate storage container, a carbon dioxide storage unit and a calcium oxide storage container respectively connected to the calcination reactor. The system is configured to utilize the solar heating module to focus and reflect solar energy to the calcination reactor so that calcium carbonate is thermally decomposed in the calcination reactor to form carbon dioxide and calcium oxide, which are stored in the carbon dioxide storage unit and the calcium oxide storage container respectively.

[0008] The heat exchange system includes a second heat exchanger; the low-temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the first power generation system; the low-temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the gas phase inlet of the fluidized bed reactor; the high-temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the solid phase outlet of the fluidized bed reactor, and the high-temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the calcium carbonate storage container; the solid phase inlet of the fluidized bed reactor is connected to the outlet of the calcium oxide storage container.

[0009] The power generation system includes a first power generation system and a second power generation system; the inlet of the first power generation system is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage unit; a buried pipe is arranged in the fluidized bed reactor for circulating supercritical carbon dioxide; both ends of the buried pipe are respectively connected to both ends of the second power generation system.

[0010] The present invention adopts a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle, which is directly coupled with a fluidized bed reactor to convert the reaction heat into mechanical energy, which is then used for power generation. This direct coupling method reduces the complexity of traditional heat exchange and circulation equipment and significantly improves the power generation efficiency. The supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle has high thermal efficiency and a small system footprint, and is suitable for high-temperature applications. Compared with the coupling scheme of the traditional fluidized bed reactor and the steam cycle, the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle has higher power generation efficiency and better environmental adaptability, which solves the problems of low operating temperature, low overall cycle power generation efficiency, and low thermal efficiency in the existing solar energy and thermochemical energy storage combined power generation technology.

[0011] The fluidized bed reactor of the present invention realizes an efficient and compact reaction and power generation system structure through the buried pipe design, optimized gas-solid distribution structure, integration of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle and two-stage expansion power generation. Compared with the prior art, the fluidized bed reactor with buried pipes of the present invention has higher thermal efficiency, more stable fluidization performance and higher energy utilization rate, which provide innovative solutions for the efficient conversion and energy storage application of solar thermochemical energy.

[0012] Preferably, a distribution plate is provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor, and a vent is provided on the distribution plate for uniformly distributing the carbon dioxide gas flow. Preferably, a plurality of baffles are provided in the fluidized bed reactor, and the plurality of baffles are vertically arranged on the distribution plate; the plurality of buried pipes are horizontally arranged in the fluidized bed reactor, and the plurality of buried pipes are passed through the plurality of baffles, and the plurality of buried pipes are connected end to end in sequence.

[0013] In the present invention, a distribution plate is installed at the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor to evenly distribute the CO2 gas flow rate; at the same time, a baffle is vertically arranged inside the fluidized bed reactor to control the flow pattern of gas and solid particles. The configuration of the distribution plate and the baffle optimizes the flow and mixing effect of the gas-solid phase in the fluidized bed reactor, improves the uniform fluidization of the solid particles, and thus improves the heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency. This structure can significantly enhance the heat transfer efficiency, avoid the problem of local overheating or uneven fluidization, and ensure the stability and overall thermal efficiency of the reactor.

[0014] Preferably, the heat exchange system includes a first heat exchanger, the high temperature side inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the gas phase outlet of the calcination reactor, and the high temperature side outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the carbon dioxide storage unit; the low temperature side inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the calcium carbonate storage container, and the low temperature side outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the calcination reactor.

[0015] The present invention utilizes the heat energy reflected by focused sunlight and uses a first heat exchanger to perform heat exchange on the temperature of the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas flow after calcination to increase the temperature of the calcium carbonate entering the calcination reactor. Based on the utilization of the heat energy reflected by focused sunlight and combined with the recovered chemical reaction waste heat, the calcination temperature of the calcium carbonate in the calcination reactor can be quickly raised to 900°C.

[0016] Preferably, the carbon dioxide storage unit includes a first compressor and a carbon dioxide storage container; the high temperature side outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the first compressor; the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage container is connected to the first compressor; and the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage container is connected to the first power generation system.

[0017] Preferably, the first power generation system includes a first expander and a first generator; the first expander is coupled to the first generator, the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage unit is connected to the inlet of the first expander, and the low-temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the first expander.

[0018] Preferably, the gas phase outlet of the fluidized bed reactor is connected to the inlet of the second compressor; the low temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the first expander and the outlet of the second compressor respectively.

[0019] Preferably, the second power generation system includes a second expander and a second generator; the second expander is coupled to the second generator, the inlet of the buried pipe is connected to the outlet of the second expander, and the outlet of the buried pipe is connected to the inlet of the second expander.

[0020] The present invention utilizes two-stage expansion of reaction heat to generate electricity, utilizes a first expander and a second expander to drive a first generator and a second generator respectively, and utilizes supercritical CO2 circulation in a fluidized bed reactor to generate electricity efficiently. Through the design of two-stage expansion power generation, the system can fully utilize the thermal energy of supercritical CO2, maximize energy recovery, and improve the overall power generation efficiency. Compared with the traditional single-stage expansion system, this structure can recover energy step by step at different temperatures and pressures, enhancing the flexibility and economy of the system.

[0021] Preferably, the solar heating module comprises a plurality of heliostats, which are placed on a directional projection light path of sunlight and are configured to focus and reflect the sunlight to the calcination reactor.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] 1. The present invention adopts a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle, which is directly coupled with a fluidized bed reactor to convert the reaction heat into mechanical energy, which is then used for power generation. This direct coupling method reduces the complexity of traditional heat exchange and circulation equipment and significantly improves the power generation efficiency. The supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle has high thermal efficiency and a small system footprint, and is suitable for high-temperature applications. Compared with the coupling scheme of the traditional fluidized bed reactor and the steam cycle, the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle has higher power generation efficiency and better environmental adaptability, which solves the problems of low operating temperature, low overall cycle power generation efficiency, and low thermal efficiency in the existing solar energy and thermochemical energy storage combined power generation technology.

[0024] 2. The present invention mainly utilizes the two-stage expansion of reaction heat to generate electricity, utilizes the first expander and the second expander to drive the first generator and the second generator respectively, and utilizes the supercritical CO2 cycle in the fluidized bed reactor to generate electricity efficiently. Through the design of two-stage expansion power generation, the system can make full use of the thermal energy of supercritical CO2, maximize energy recovery, and improve the overall power generation efficiency. Compared with the traditional single-stage expansion system, this structure can recover energy step by step at different temperatures and pressures, enhancing the flexibility and economy of the system.

[0025] 3. The fluidized bed reactor of the present invention is provided with a horizontally arranged buried pipe, in which supercritical carbon dioxide circulates, directly absorbing the heat generated by the reaction, thereby effectively increasing the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide. This design realizes the direct utilization of the reaction heat, so that the supercritical CO2 can be heated to a high temperature inside the fluidized bed reactor without the need for an additional heat exchanger. Compared with the external heat exchange design of the traditional fluidized bed reactor, the fluidized bed reactor with buried pipes in the present invention can more efficiently increase the temperature of supercritical CO2, improve the thermal efficiency of the system, and reduce energy transfer losses.

[0026] 4. The fluidized bed reactor of the embodiment of the present invention realizes an efficient and compact reaction and power generation system structure through the buried pipe design, optimized gas-solid distribution structure, integration of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle and two-stage expansion power generation. Compared with the prior art, the fluidized bed reactor with buried pipes of the present invention has higher thermal efficiency, more stable fluidization performance and higher energy utilization rate, which provide innovative solutions for the efficient conversion and energy storage application of solar thermochemical energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a fluidized bed reactor and a supercritical carbon dioxide combined with a solar power generation system provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the calcining reactor in one embodiment of the present invention. (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the calcining reactor; (b) is an enlarged view of the buried pipe of the framed part in (a).

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Heliostat; 2. Calcination reactor; 3. First heat exchanger; 4. First compressor; 5. Carbon dioxide storage container; 6. First expander; 7. First generator; 8. Second compressor; 9. Calcium carbonate storage container; 10. Second heat exchanger; 11. Fluidized bed reactor; 12. Second expander; 13. Second generator; 14. Calcium oxide storage container; 15. Buried pipe; 16. Distribution plate; 17. Baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0032] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0034] Solar thermal power generation can convert solar radiation into heat energy and further use it to generate electricity. However, solar thermal power generation depends on sunshine conditions and has intermittent problems, which limits its potential application in the power grid.

[0035] At present, for solar thermal-driven power generation coupling systems, common solutions include combining solar energy for methanol decomposition, syngas combustion and methanol synthesis cycle to achieve combined heat and power. These systems mainly use the steam Rankine cycle, also known as the ORC cycle, as a power generation method. However, the operating temperature of the steam Rankine cycle is usually limited to below 300°C, the working pressure does not exceed 10MPa, the overall cycle power generation efficiency is low, and the thermal efficiency is generally between 30% and 40%, so it is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale solar energy applications.

[0036] The present invention mainly adopts the CaO / CaCO3 reaction system, which is suitable for medium and high temperature applications and has good energy storage and release efficiency. In addition, the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle has higher thermal efficiency and economic and environmental protection in the medium and high temperature range. Fluidized bed reactors are widely used in the fields of chemical reactions, heat exchange, waste treatment, etc., and show unique advantages, especially that they can achieve fast and efficient heat transfer and help reduce the volume and cost of the reactor.

[0037] The fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system of the present invention mainly use the reversible reaction of the CaO / CaCO3 reaction system coupled with the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle to achieve power generation, which has the advantages of high thermal efficiency and solar thermochemical conversion. Among them, the thermal efficiency of the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle of the present invention can reach 40% to 50%, and can even approach 50% to 60% under the optimal design conditions. This is mainly based on the high density characteristics of supercritical CO2 and its extremely low compression work requirements. Supercritical CO2 means supercritical carbon dioxide. The working temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation of the present invention is 500°C to 800°C, and the working pressure is 20MPa to 30MPa, and can even exceed 35MPa under certain conditions.

[0038] In addition, traditional solar thermal power generation systems usually use separate energy storage and power generation systems, resulting in large equipment scale, high cost and large system heat loss. To overcome these problems, the present invention proposes a design that tightly integrates a fluidized bed exothermic reactor with buried pipes and a supercritical carbon dioxide solar power generation system. This highly compact and efficient integrated system not only significantly reduces the equipment footprint, but also improves the energy conversion efficiency and improves the overall system performance. In addition, this compact integrated system can better adapt to the intermittent characteristics of solar thermal power generation, providing a practical solution for large-scale solar energy applications.

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by means of specific examples. In the following examples, the methods described are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials described are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0040] like Figure 1 , a fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system, including a calcination system, a heat exchange system, a power generation system and a fluidized bed reactor.

[0041] The calcination system includes a solar heating module and a calcination reactor 2, and a calcium carbonate storage container 9, a carbon dioxide storage unit and a calcium oxide storage container 14 respectively connected to the calcination reactor 2, and is configured to use the solar heating module to focus and reflect solar energy to the calcination reactor 2, so that the calcium carbonate from the calcium carbonate storage container 9 is thermally decomposed in the calcination reactor 2 to form carbon dioxide and calcium oxide, and stored in the carbon dioxide storage unit and the calcium oxide storage container 14 respectively.

[0042] Specifically, the solar heating module includes a plurality of heliostats 1, which are placed on a directional projection light path of sunlight and configured to focus and reflect sunlight to the calcination reactor 2. The calcination reactor 2 is provided with a lens or skylight, so that the heat energy reflected by the focused sunlight can enter the calcination reactor 2 through the lens or skylight, and provide heat energy for the calcination reaction in the calcination reactor 2.

[0043] On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the heat exchange system includes a first heat exchanger 3, the high temperature side inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the gas phase outlet of the calcining reactor 2, and the high temperature side outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the carbon dioxide storage unit; the low temperature side inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the calcium carbonate storage container 9, and the low temperature side outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the calcining reactor 2. The inlet of the calcium oxide storage container 14 is connected to the solid phase outlet of the calcining reactor 2, and the outlet of the calcium oxide storage container 14 is connected to the solid phase inlet of the fluidized bed reactor 11.

[0044] Specifically, the calcium carbonate storage container 9 stores calcium carbonate solid powder; the carbon dioxide storage unit stores carbon dioxide gas; and the calcium oxide storage container 14 stores calcium oxide solid powder.

[0045] One embodiment of the present invention utilizes the heat energy reflected by focused sunlight and uses the first heat exchanger 3 to perform heat exchange on the temperature of the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas flow after calcination to increase the temperature of the calcium carbonate entering the calcination reactor 2. Based on the utilization of the heat energy reflected by focused sunlight and combined with the recovered waste heat of the chemical reaction, the calcination temperature of the calcium carbonate in the calcination reactor 2 can be quickly raised to 900°C.

[0046] Based on the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the carbon dioxide storage unit includes a first compressor 4 and a carbon dioxide storage container 5; the high temperature side outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the first compressor 4; the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage container 5 is connected to the first compressor 4; and the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage container 5 is connected to the first power generation system.

[0047] Among them, the heat exchange system includes a second heat exchanger 10; the low-temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected to the outlet of the first power generation system; the low-temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected to the gas phase inlet of the fluidized bed reactor 11; the high-temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected to the solid phase outlet of the fluidized bed reactor 11, and the high-temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected to the calcium carbonate storage container 9; the solid phase inlet of the fluidized bed reactor 11 is connected to the outlet of the calcium oxide storage container 14.

[0048] Among them, the power generation system includes a first power generation system and a second power generation system; the inlet of the first power generation system is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage unit; a buried pipe 15 is arranged in the fluidized bed reactor 11 for circulating supercritical carbon dioxide; both ends of the buried pipe 15 are respectively connected to the two ends of the second power generation system.

[0049] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention adopts a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle, which is directly coupled with a fluidized bed reactor 11 to convert the reaction heat into mechanical energy, which is then used for power generation. This direct coupling method reduces the complexity of traditional heat exchange and circulation equipment and significantly improves the power generation efficiency. The supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle has high thermal efficiency and a small system footprint, and is suitable for high-temperature applications. Compared with the coupling scheme of the traditional fluidized bed reactor and the steam cycle, the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle has higher power generation efficiency and better environmental adaptability.

[0050] In addition, the embodiment of the present invention mainly utilizes the two-stage expansion of reaction heat to generate electricity, utilizes the first expander and the second expander to drive the first generator and the second generator respectively, and utilizes the supercritical CO2 cycle in the fluidized bed reactor 11 to generate electricity efficiently. Through the design of two-stage expansion power generation, the system can make full use of the thermal energy of supercritical CO2, maximize energy recovery, and improve the overall power generation efficiency. Compared with the traditional single-stage expansion system, this structure can recover energy step by step at different temperatures and pressures, enhancing the flexibility and economy of the system.

[0051] Specifically, a buried pipe 15 is provided in the fluidized bed reactor 11, which is arranged in a horizontal manner. The circulating supercritical CO2 in the buried pipe absorbs the reaction heat in the fluidized bed reactor and then flows to the second expander 12 for expansion and power generation. The fluidized bed reactor of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a horizontally arranged buried pipe, in which supercritical carbon dioxide circulates, directly absorbing the heat generated by the reaction, thereby effectively increasing the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide. This design realizes the direct utilization of the reaction heat, so that the supercritical CO2 can be heated to a high temperature inside the fluidized bed reactor without the need for an additional heat exchanger. Compared with the external heat exchange design of the traditional fluidized bed reactor, the fluidized bed reactor with buried pipes in the embodiment of the present invention can more efficiently increase the temperature of supercritical CO2, improve the thermal efficiency of the system, and reduce energy transfer losses.

[0052] On the basis of the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, a distribution plate 16 is provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor 11, and a vent is provided on the distribution plate 16 for evenly distributing the carbon dioxide gas flow to improve the fluidization effect. A plurality of baffles 17 are provided in the fluidized bed reactor 11, and the plurality of baffles 17 are vertically arranged on the distribution plate 16; a plurality of buried pipes 15 are horizontally arranged in the fluidized bed reactor 11, and the plurality of buried pipes 15 are penetrated on the plurality of baffles 17, and the plurality of buried pipes 15 are connected end to end in sequence.

[0053] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, a distribution plate 16 is installed at the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor 11 to evenly distribute the CO2 gas flow rate; at the same time, a baffle 17 is vertically arranged inside the fluidized bed reactor 11 to control the flow pattern of gas and solid particles. The configuration of the distribution plate 16 and the baffle 17 optimizes the flow and mixing effect of the gas and solid phases in the fluidized bed reactor 11, improves the uniform fluidization of the solid particles, and thus improves the heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency. This structure can significantly improve the heat transfer efficiency, avoid the problem of local overheating or uneven fluidization, and ensure the stability and overall thermal efficiency of the reactor.

[0054] Specifically, the fluidized bed reactor 11 of the embodiment of the present invention realizes an efficient and compact reaction and power generation system structure through the design of the buried pipe 15, the optimized gas-solid distribution structure, the integration of the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle and the characteristics of two-stage expansion power generation. Compared with the prior art, the fluidized bed reactor with buried pipes of the embodiment of the present invention has higher thermal efficiency, more stable fluidization performance and higher energy utilization, and these characteristics provide innovative solutions for the efficient conversion and energy storage application of solar thermochemical energy.

[0055] Based on the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the gas phase outlet of the fluidized bed reactor 11 is connected to the inlet of the second compressor 8; the low temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected to the outlet of the first expander 6 and the outlet of the second compressor 8 respectively.

[0056] Based on the above embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the first power generation system includes a first expansion machine 6 and a first generator 7; the first expansion machine 6 is coupled to the first generator 7, the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage unit is connected to the inlet of the first expansion machine 6, and the low temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected to the outlet of the first expansion machine 6.

[0057] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the second power generation system includes a second expander 12 and a second generator 13; the second expander 12 is coupled to the second generator 13, the inlet of the buried pipe 15 is connected to the outlet of the second expander 12, and the outlet of the buried pipe 15 is connected to the inlet of the second expander 12.

[0058] Specifically, when there is solar radiation, the sunlight is focused and reflected onto the calcination reactor 2 through the heliostat 1, and the calcium carbonate particles absorb heat and decompose in the calcination reactor 2 to generate calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, thereby realizing the absorption and conversion of heat energy; the gas phase outlet of the calcination reactor 2 is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 through a pipeline, and the high-temperature side outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the first compressor 4, while the low-temperature side of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected between the calcium carbonate storage container 9 and the inlet of the calcination reactor 2, thereby realizing the transfer and recovery of the heat energy of the calcination reaction. The carbon dioxide storage container 5 is connected to the outlet of the first compressor 4 through a pipeline, and the carbon dioxide is stored in the carbon dioxide storage container 5 after being compressed. At the same time, the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage container 5 is connected to the inlet of the first expander 6 to realize the circulation and storage of gas in the system.

[0059] The first expander 6 and the second expander 12 are coupled to the first generator 7 and the second generator 12 respectively, so as to realize the effective conversion of mechanical energy during the expansion process and improve the power generation efficiency of the system.

[0060] The high temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected to the solid phase outlet of the fluidized bed reactor 11, the high temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected to the calcium carbonate storage container 9, the low temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected to the outlets of the first expander 6 and the second compressor 8, and the low temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger 10 is connected to the gas phase inlet of the fluidized bed reactor 11.

[0061] like Figure 2 A gas phase outlet is provided at the top of the fluidized bed reactor 11 and is connected to the inlet of the second compressor 8. A buried pipe 15 is provided in the fluidized bed reactor 11 and is arranged in a horizontal manner. Electric power circulation is achieved by circulating supercritical CO2. The supercritical CO2 in the buried pipe 15 absorbs reaction heat in the fluidized bed reactor 11 and then flows to the second expander 12 to expand and do work, thereby driving the second generator 12 to generate electricity.

[0062] A distribution plate 16 is installed at the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor 11. The vents on the distribution plate 16 are used to evenly distribute the carbon dioxide gas flow to improve the fluidization effect. In addition, a vertical baffle 17 is provided inside the fluidized bed reactor 11 to optimize the flow and residence time of the reaction gas and solid particles and enhance the heat exchange efficiency.

[0063] Specifically, when there is no solar radiation or the solar radiation is poor, the carbon dioxide stored in the carbon dioxide storage container 5 drives the first generator 7 to generate electricity normally through the first expander 6, and the carbon dioxide after expansion and work then enters the fluidized bed reactor 11. In the fluidized bed reactor 11, the carbonation reaction occurs with the calcium oxide from the calcium oxide storage container 14 to generate calcium carbonate and release a large amount of heat energy to heat the supercritical CO2, thereby driving the second expander 12 to expand and work, and driving the second generator 12 to realize the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle to complete power generation.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, a fluidized bed reactor 11 with buried pipes 15 is combined with a supercritical carbon dioxide solar power generation system. Supercritical CO2 is circulated through the buried pipes 15 arranged in the fluidized bed reactor 11 to absorb reaction heat, which significantly improves the power generation efficiency, optimizes the compactness and economy of the system, and has broad application prospects.

[0065] The fluidized bed reactor 11 is provided with a distribution plate 16 and a baffle 17, which optimizes the flow and residence time of gas and solid particles, effectively improves the heat exchange efficiency, accelerates the reaction rate and improves the utilization rate of the reactants, making the reaction process of the system more efficient and sufficient, and further enhancing the utilization rate of thermal energy.

[0066] The design based on the fluidized bed exothermic reactor with buried tubes and the supercritical carbon dioxide solar power generation system not only has efficient power generation capacity and compact structure, but also has a scientific and effective operation mode, which is of great benefit to improving the stability, reliability and economy of the solar thermal power generation system.

[0067] The fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system provided in the embodiment of the present invention can not only reduce the equipment footprint, but also significantly improve the energy conversion efficiency and improve the overall performance of the system. At the same time, the compact integrated system can better match the intermittent characteristics of solar thermal power generation, providing a practical solution for realizing large-scale solar energy applications.

[0068] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system, characterized in that: It includes a calcination system, a heat exchange system, a power generation system and a fluidized bed reactor; The calcination system comprises a solar heating module and a calcination reactor (2), and a calcium carbonate storage container (9), a carbon dioxide storage unit and a calcium oxide storage container (14) respectively connected to the calcination reactor (2), and is configured to utilize the solar heating module to focus and reflect solar energy to the calcination reactor (2), so that calcium carbonate is thermally decomposed in the calcination reactor (2) to form carbon dioxide and calcium oxide, which are stored in the carbon dioxide storage unit and the calcium oxide storage container (14) respectively; The heat exchange system comprises a second heat exchanger (10); the low temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger (10) is connected to the outlet of the first power generation system; the low temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger (10) is connected to the gas phase inlet of the fluidized bed reactor (11); the high temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger (10) is connected to the solid phase outlet of the fluidized bed reactor (11), and the high temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger (10) is connected to the calcium carbonate storage container (9); the solid phase inlet of the fluidized bed reactor (11) is connected to the outlet of the calcium oxide storage container (14); The power generation system comprises a first power generation system and a second power generation system; the inlet of the first power generation system is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage unit; a buried pipe (15) is arranged in the fluidized bed reactor (11) for circulating supercritical carbon dioxide; two ends of the buried pipe (15) are respectively connected to two ends of the second power generation system.

2. The fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A distribution plate (16) is arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor (11), and the distribution plate (16) has ventilation holes for evenly distributing the carbon dioxide gas flow.

3. The fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of baffles (17) are arranged in the fluidized bed reactor (11), and the plurality of baffles (17) are vertically arranged on the distribution plate (16); the plurality of buried pipes (15) are horizontally arranged in the fluidized bed reactor (11), and the plurality of buried pipes (15) are passed through the plurality of baffles (17), and the plurality of buried pipes (15) are connected end to end in sequence.

4. The fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange system comprises a first heat exchanger (3), wherein a high temperature side inlet of the first heat exchanger (3) is connected to a gas phase outlet of the calcining reactor (2), and a high temperature side outlet of the first heat exchanger (3) is connected to the carbon dioxide storage unit; a low temperature side inlet of the first heat exchanger (3) is connected to the calcium carbonate storage container (9), and a low temperature side outlet of the first heat exchanger (3) is connected to an inlet of the calcining reactor (2).

5. The fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide storage unit comprises a first compressor (4) and a carbon dioxide storage container (5); the high temperature side outlet of the first heat exchanger (3) is connected to the first compressor (4); The inlet of the carbon dioxide storage container (5) is connected to the first compressor (4); and the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage container (5) is connected to the first power generation system.

6. The fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first power generation system comprises a first expansion machine (6) and a first generator (7); the first expansion machine (6) is coupled to the first generator (7), the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage unit is connected to the inlet of the first expansion machine (6), and the low-temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger (10) is connected to the outlet of the first expansion machine (6).

7. The fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gas phase outlet of the fluidized bed reactor (11) is connected to the inlet of the second compressor (8); the low temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger (10) is respectively connected to the outlet of the first expander (6) and the outlet of the second compressor (8).

8. The fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second power generation system comprises a second expander (12) and a second generator (13); the second expander (12) is coupled to the second generator (13), the inlet of the buried pipe (15) is connected to the outlet of the second expander (12), and the outlet of the buried pipe (15) is connected to the inlet of the second expander (12).

9. The fluidized bed reactor and supercritical carbon dioxide combined with solar power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar heating module comprises a plurality of heliostats (1), wherein the heliostats (1) are placed on a directional projection light path of sunlight and are configured to focus and reflect the sunlight to the calcining reactor (2).

Images