A portable vibration damping fastener static stiffness loading system and testing method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of vibration damping fastener testing technology, specifically to a portable vibration damping fastener static stiffness loading system and testing method, the loading system includes a loading bag arranged between the rail and the rail pad of the fastener; a pressurizing system is connected to the loading bag, and is used to adjust the pressure in the loading bag; at least two displacement sensors are arranged, and the displacement sensors are respectively arranged at the bottom of the loading bag and the rail; and an adjusting plate is used to adjust the rail surface height at the fastener. The present invention places a pressurizing bag between the rail and the fastener, and the pressurizing bag can be pressurized after the rail falls. The pressurizing bag will apply a load to the lower surface of the rail and the upper surface of the vibration damping fastener to achieve loading of the fastener, and the fastener body can be loaded without removing the fastener on site. The loading method is basically consistent with the iron standard, and can truly reflect the static stiffness value of the fastener in the service state. The static stiffness of the fastener can be obtained by calculation, and the data accuracy is high. The testing method is simple and easy to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vibration reduction buckle testing, and in particular to a portable vibration reduction buckle static stiffness loading system and a testing method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of domestic rail transit, more than 200 subway lines have been put into operation. As a key component for fixing rails and achieving track vibration reduction, vibration-damping fasteners can effectively reduce the impact of train vibration on the track bed while constraining the rails. Its static stiffness directly determines the vibration reduction effect of the track. Therefore, regular static stiffness testing of vibration-damping fasteners is of great significance to ensuring the operating status and safety of the track. The static stiffness test results can also provide reference and basis for line operation and maintenance.

[0003] The stiffness of vibration-damping fasteners has a significant impact on the vibration reduction effect and track smoothness. Since the fastener static stiffness test equipment is heavy and difficult to transport, it is impossible to conduct static stiffness tests on site. Currently, the fasteners can only be removed and sent to the laboratory for testing. Disadvantages of existing technologies: (1) Low test efficiency, long cycle, disassembly and transportation all require a certain amount of time. If multiple sets of fasteners need to be tested, the workload is heavy; (2) High test costs, additional costs for fastener transportation, installation and replacement, spare fasteners, etc. (3) The test environment in the laboratory is different from that on site, and the test data cannot reflect the stiffness of the fasteners in actual service status.

[0004] Publication No.: CN116296162A A portable railway on-site fastener assembly static stiffness loading device and measurement system, including a reaction frame, both ends of the reaction frame are configured to be fixedly installed on the sleeper through spiral spikes, the reaction frame is provided with a loading member capable of loading toward the rail, and the end of the loading member facing the rail is provided with a pressure sensor and a loading platform from top to bottom in sequence. The main method is to remove the original fastener, and then fix a frame similar to a door frame on the sleeper through the spikes of the fastener to form a load-bearing structure, and then apply force to the continuous rail through a hydraulic jack. Since the fasteners at the loading position are removed, the force will be dispersed to the surrounding fasteners, and the pressure sensor and displacement sensor are used to measure the force value and displacement of the fasteners on both sides of the loading device, and then the fastener stiffness is calculated. There are disadvantages: (1) The loading part is a continuous rail, and the standard loading part is a short rail of 0.5m, which is quite different from the test method described in the railway standard. The accuracy of the data obtained needs to be studied; (2) The measurement requires the arrangement of multiple pressure and displacement sensors, and the fasteners at the loading part need to be removed, which is a large workload and cumbersome for subsequent data processing; (3) Since the loading force is shared by multiple fasteners, the test load required for a single set of fasteners is very large. Therefore, the force loaded in the middle may even be greater than the train axle weight, which may cause damage to the rail.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a new static stiffness loading system and testing method for vibration damping fasteners to solve the problems of low static stiffness detection accuracy and cumbersome testing process in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a portable static stiffness loading system and testing method for vibration-damping fasteners, so as to solve the problems of low static stiffness detection accuracy and complicated testing process in the prior art.

[0007] Existing static stiffness test methods, such as Figure 1 As shown, according to the "Part 3 Test Methods for High-Speed ​​Railway Fastener Systems: Determination of Static Assembly Stiffness" (TB / T 3396.3): 1. Test preparation, use fasteners to fix the rails to the sleepers in the standard assembly state, place the sleepers on a rigid foundation, and apply a load perpendicular to the bottom of the rails on the top surface of the rails. Four displacement sensors are symmetrically arranged at the four corners of the rails to measure the vertical displacement of the rails (the displacement sensors are fixed on the sleepers). 2. Loading, set the displacement sensor to zero, and then apply a load to the rails at a constant loading rate of 110kN / min~130kN / min, load to 70kN, and record the displacements D1 and D2 of the rails when the load is added to F1 (5kN) and F2 (55kN) respectively (both are the average values ​​of the four displacement sensors). Calculate the static stiffness of the fastener assembly according to the following formula:

[0008]

[0009] When the displacement difference between F2 and F1 measured by any displacement sensor differs by more than 20% from the (D2-D1) value measured by the four displacement sensors, the test should be repeated to ensure that the load is applied vertically to the support. The fasteners should not be disassembled or adjusted in any way during the test. Repeat the above test twice, and stop for 3 minutes after each unloading before continuing to load. The third test value is used as the static stiffness of the fastener assembly. When the displacement of the rail is measured using the displacement sensor of the testing machine itself, the system error caused by the deformation of the testing machine itself during loading should be eliminated.

[0010] Static stiffness test method for subway vibration damping fasteners. Due to the low speed and small axle weight of subways, the load range is lower than that of high-speed railway fasteners. The test method is as follows: 1. Assemble individual fasteners according to actual use conditions to form a fastener system; 2. Place the sample (i.e., a single fastener system) flat on the test machine and pre-load the sample first. Load vertically to 80kN at a speed of 1kN / s to 2kN / s, stop for 1 minute, then unload. Repeat at least twice, and then conduct a formal test. The loading method is shown in Figure 2-33. Load vertically at a speed of (2±1) KN / s. When the load reaches 5kN and 35kN, stay for 1 minute respectively, and record the displacement S01 and S02 of the rail respectively. Repeat the test three times, calculate the average value of S01 and S02 for three times, and record it as S1 and S2. Static stiffness = 30 kN / (S2-S1).

[0011] The present invention proposes a portable static stiffness loading system and testing method for vibration-damping fasteners, and creatively designs a special loading bag device. During the test, it is only necessary to lift the rails on the line by about 5 mm, place the pressurizing bag between the rails and the fasteners, and pressurize the pressurizing bag after the rails are dropped. The pressurizing bag will apply loads to the lower surface of the rails and the upper surface of the vibration-damping fasteners to achieve loading of the fasteners. The fastener body can be loaded without removing the fasteners on site, and the loading method is basically consistent with the iron standard. The static stiffness of the fasteners can be obtained by calculation, and the data has high accuracy, can truly reflect the static stiffness value of the fasteners in the service state, and provide numerical support and reference for the operation and maintenance of existing subway lines.

[0012] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0013] The invention discloses a portable static stiffness loading system for vibration-damping fasteners, comprising a loading capsule, a pressurizing system, a displacement sensor and an adjusting plate.

[0014] The loading bag is arranged between the rail and the pad under the fastener rail;

[0015] The pressurizing system is connected to the loading bag and is used to adjust the pressure in the loading bag;

[0016] At least two displacement sensors are provided, and the displacement sensors are respectively provided at the bottom of the loading bag and the rail;

[0017] The adjustment plate is used to adjust the installation height of the rail along the length direction so that the height of the rail at the adjacent fastener is consistent with the height of the rail at the fastener to be tested.

[0018] Furthermore, the loading bag includes a hollow bag, a loading plate and a connecting hole. Two loading plates are provided, and the two loading plates are respectively provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow bag. The connecting hole is provided on the side of the hollow bag for connecting the pressurization system.

[0019] Furthermore, the cavity bag and the loading plate are vulcanized into an integrated structure.

[0020] Furthermore, the cavity bladder is a cubic cavity structure, and the cavity bladder is made of a composite of rubber and high-strength fabric.

[0021] Furthermore, the loading plate is square or circular, and is made of high-strength steel plate.

[0022] Furthermore, one or two connecting holes are provided.

[0023] Furthermore, the pressurizing system may be a hydraulic pressurizing system, a pneumatic pressurizing system or a manual pressurizing system.

[0024] Furthermore, the pressurization system is a pneumatic pressurization system, which includes an air pump, a pipeline and a pressure gauge. One end of the pipeline is connected to the air pump, and the pressure gauge is arranged on the pipeline. The pressure gauge is used to detect the pressure in the loading bag and the pipeline.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a portable vibration-damping fastener static stiffness testing method, which is used to manufacture any of the above-mentioned portable vibration-damping fastener static stiffness loading systems, and comprises the following specific steps:

[0026] S1: Remove the spring bars and gauge blocks of the fastener to be tested and the fasteners on both sides, and lift the rail to a certain height;

[0027] S2: placing the loading bag between the bottom of the rail and the rail pad under the fastener, connecting the pressurizing system, and arranging the displacement sensor at the bottom of the loading bag and the bottom of the rail;

[0028] S3: placing the adjustment plate at the bottom of the rails at adjacent fasteners, the adjustment plate being used to ensure that the rails are at the same height;

[0029] S4: slowly dropping the rail, resetting the spring bars and the gauge blocks of the fasteners on both sides, and ensuring that the displacement of the rail is not too large during the test;

[0030] S5: The loading bag is pressurized by the pressurizing system. According to the stiffness test method, the fastener needs to be loaded with forces of 5kN and 35kN respectively. Then, the displacement data corresponding to the loading plate on the lower surface of the loading bag is collected by the displacement sensor, and the static stiffness value of the vibration-damping fastener can be calculated.

[0031] Further, in step S5, when the fastener applies a loading force, the internal pressure P of the loading bag is:

[0032]

[0033] Where: F is the force required to load the fastener;

[0034] S is the upper and lower surface area of ​​the loading bag.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the portable vibration-damping fastener static stiffness loading system and testing method of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0036] The present invention designs a special loading bag device and places the pressurizing bag between the rail and the fastener. After the rail falls, the pressurizing bag can be pressurized, and the pressurizing bag will apply a load to the lower surface of the rail and the upper surface of the vibration-damping fastener to achieve loading of the fastener. The loading force can be accurately controlled by adjusting the internal pressure of the airbag, and the fastener body can be loaded without removing the fastener on site. The loading method is basically consistent with the iron standard, and can truly reflect the static stiffness value of the fastener in the service state. The static stiffness of the fastener can be obtained by calculation, the data accuracy is high, and the test method is simple and easy to operate.

[0037] The airbag loading system of the present invention requires a small operating space and is portable, providing numerical support and reference for the operation and maintenance of existing subway lines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the static stiffness loading system of existing high-speed railway fasteners;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an existing portable railway fastener static stiffness loading test device;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the on-site structure of the existing portable railway fastener static stiffness loading test device;

[0042] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the static stiffness loading test system of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the loading capsule structure of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the on-site layout structure of the static stiffness loading test system of the present invention.

[0045] 1. Loading bag; 101. Cavity bag; 102. Loading plate; 103. Connecting hole; 2. Pressurizing system; 201. Air pump; 202. Pipeline; 203. Pressure gauge; 3. Displacement sensor; 4. Adjustment plate; 5. Rail; 6. Fastener rail pad; 7. Spring bar; 8. Gauge block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the technical means, objectives and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific drawings.

[0047] It should be noted that all the terms used in the present invention to indicate directionality and position, such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "top", "lower", "lateral", "longitudinal", "center", etc., are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and connection status between the components in a certain state, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than requiring the present invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0050] The vibration-damping fastener includes a fastener rail pad 6, a spring bar 7 and a gauge block 8. The fastener rail pad 6 is made of elastic material (such as rubber or composite material), which can effectively absorb vibration and noise, and reduce the impact force generated during the train operation and transmitted to the track foundation; the spring bar 7 firmly fixes the rail 5 on the sleeper through fasteners to prevent the rail from moving horizontally and vertically, ensuring the stability of the track. The spring bar has a certain elasticity and can deform when bearing the train load, thereby absorbing part of the vibration energy and playing a vibration reduction role; the gauge block 8 is located between the bottom of the rail and the sleeper, and is used to accurately control the distance between the two rails (i.e., the gauge) to ensure that the geometric parameters of the track meet the standards.

[0051] The first object of the present invention is to disclose a portable static stiffness loading system for vibration damping fasteners, comprising a loading capsule 1, a pressurizing system 2, a displacement sensor 3 and an adjusting plate 4.

[0052] The loading bag 1 is arranged between the rail 5 and the fastener rail under-pad 6;

[0053] The pressurizing system 2 is connected to the loading bag 1 and is used to adjust the pressure in the loading bag 1;

[0054] At least two displacement sensors 3 are provided, and the displacement sensors 3 are respectively provided at the bottom of the loading bag 1 and the rail 5;

[0055] The adjusting plate 4 is used to adjust the installation height of the rail 5 along the length direction so that the height of the rail 5 at the adjacent fastener is consistent with the height of the rail 5 at the fastener to be tested.

[0056] The loading bag 1 generates pressure between the rail 5 and the fastener through the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure provided by the pressurizing system 2, simulating the load conditions under actual operating conditions. The displacement sensor 3 can record the vertical displacement of the loading bag 1 and the bottom of the rail 5 in real time, providing accurate data support for calculating the static stiffness of the fastener. The adjustment plate 4 can adjust the height of the adjacent fastener rail surface to ensure that the rail 5 maintains the same height during the test to avoid affecting the test results due to height differences.

[0057] This setup achieves precise pressure control through the pressurization system 2, ensuring consistent results for each test, improving the reliability and accuracy of the test data. The entire system is compactly designed, the loading capsule 1 requires a small working space, and the equipment is portable, suitable for rapid deployment on site, and is applicable to various track maintenance and testing scenarios.

[0058] Specifically, the loading bag 1 includes a hollow bag 101, a loading plate 102 and a connecting hole 103. Two loading plates 102 are provided, and the two loading plates 102 are respectively provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow bag 101. The connecting hole 103 is provided on the side of the hollow bag 101 for connecting the pressurization system 2.

[0059] The design of the cavity capsule 101 enables it to adapt to fasteners of different shapes and sizes and is suitable for various types of track structures. The loading plate 102 ensures the accurate transmission of the loading force, reduces the error caused by the deformation of the cavity capsule 101, and makes the loading process more stable and reliable. The position design of the connecting hole 103 facilitates the quick connection of the pressurization system 2, simplifies the installation and disassembly process, and improves work efficiency.

[0060] In addition, a variety of sensors can be integrated through the connection hole 103 to provide rich test data, which is helpful for comprehensively evaluating the fastener performance.

[0061] Preferably, the cavity bladder 101 and the loading plate 102 are vulcanized into an integral structure.

[0062] The vulcanization process ensures a seamless connection between the cavity bladder 101 and the loading plate 102, eliminating gaps or weak points that may exist in traditional bonding or mechanical fixing. The integrated structure improves the overall tear resistance and durability, and reduces the risk of damage caused by external impact or long-term use.

[0063] Specifically, the cavity bladder 101 is a cubic cavity structure, and the cavity bladder 101 is made of a composite of rubber and high-strength fabric.

[0064] The symmetrical geometric shape enables the cavity capsule 101 to maintain a stable shape during the loading process, reduces unnecessary displacement or rotation, and ensures that the loading force is accurately applied to the target position. The cube structure is easy to install and operate, especially in a track environment with limited space, and is easy to mold and control the production process, reducing production costs.

[0065] The rubber provides good elasticity and sealing performance, and can maintain stable physical properties during multiple loading and unloading processes. The high-strength fabric enhances the overall strength and tear resistance of the material, extending the service life of the cavity sac 101. It is particularly suitable for high-pressure environments, has good chemical corrosion resistance and temperature stability, and can work normally in contact with different media, such as hydraulic oil, water, etc., and in a wide temperature range. It can maintain stable performance in various complex environments, increasing the reliability and scope of application of the system.

[0066] Specifically, the loading plate 102 is square or circular, and is made of a high-strength steel plate.

[0067] The square loading plate 102 provides a larger contact area, reduces the deformation of the cavity capsule 101 under high pressure, can distribute the loading force more evenly, reduces local stress concentration, and ensures that the loading force is accurately applied to the target position.

[0068] The circular loading plate 102 has no obvious edges, so no stress concentration point will be generated when under pressure, and the pressure can be transmitted more evenly, which is particularly suitable for application scenarios that require multi-directional loading.

[0069] Specifically, one or two connecting holes 103 are provided.

[0070] A single connection hole 103 can be used to inject compressed air or hydraulic oil into the loading bag 1 and discharge it after the test. There is only one connection point, which makes the design of the entire loading bag 1 more concise, reduces potential leakage points, simplifies the installation process, and the operator only needs to deal with one interface, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0071] Two independent connection holes 103 allow for finer pressure regulation, avoid possible interference during inflation and deflation, and improve the stability of the loading force. Additional safety valves or exhaust holes can quickly release pressure in an emergency to protect equipment and personnel.

[0072] Specifically, the pressurizing system 2 may be a hydraulic pressurizing system, a pneumatic pressurizing system or a manual pressurizing system.

[0073] The hydraulic pressurization system can achieve very stable pressure output. Since the liquid is almost incompressible, it ensures uniform distribution of pressure and improves the consistency of loading force. It has high stability, adaptability and response speed, and is suitable for applications that require precise control.

[0074] The pneumatic pressurization system is light, easy to move and install, has a fast gas flow rate, and the system responds quickly, making it suitable for rapid loading and unloading. It has a relatively simple structure, which reduces initial investment and maintenance costs. It has high safety and is easy to integrate into automated control systems, simplifying the operating process.

[0075] The manual pressurization system has a simple structure, small size, light weight, is easy to carry and transport, has low cost, is suitable for small or temporary tests, does not rely on external power supply or other infrastructure, and can be used anywhere.

[0076] Preferably, the pressurizing system 2 is a pneumatic pressurizing system, which includes an air pump 201, a pipeline 202 and a pressure gauge 203. One end of the pipeline 202 is connected to the air pump 201, and a pressure gauge 203 is provided on the pipeline 202. The pressure gauge 203 is used to detect the pressure in the pipeline 202.

[0077] As the power source of the pneumatic pressurization system, the air pump 201 is responsible for generating and maintaining the required high-pressure gas. Through the built-in or external pressure regulating device, the output pressure value can be accurately controlled to ensure the consistency of the loading force. The pipeline 202 connects the air pump 201 and the loading bag 1 to ensure that the compressed air is stably transmitted to the target position. The length and layout can be adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to different installation environments. The pressure gauge 203 is installed on the pipeline 202 to detect the pressure changes in the pipeline 202 to ensure the pressure control accuracy during the loading process. According to the reading of the pressure gauge 203, the operating parameters of the air pump 201 can be adjusted in time to achieve accurate pressure regulation.

[0078] This setting ensures precise control and stability of the loading force through the compressed air provided by the air pump 201 and the real-time monitoring of the pressure gauge 203, can quickly respond to pressure requirements, make the loading process more efficient, prevent the risk of overpressure, and enhance the safety of the system. It has a relatively simple structure, low initial investment and maintenance costs, and good economic benefits; its lightweight design also reduces transportation and installation costs.

[0079] Specifically, the displacement sensor 3 may be one or more of an inductive displacement sensor, a resistive displacement sensor, and a linear variable differential transformer, preferably a resistive displacement sensor.

[0080] The setup is low cost and easy to integrate into existing systems.

[0081] Specifically, the outer dimensions of the adjustment plate 4 are consistent with the outer dimensions of the loading bag 1 when no force is applied, and are used to adjust the installation height of the rail 5 at the fastener adjacent to the fastener to be tested.

[0082] By adjusting the height of the rail 5 at the adjacent fasteners, the consistency of the track geometric parameters before and after the test is ensured, and the test results are not affected by the height difference. Since the adjustment plate 4 and the loading bag 1 have the same outer dimensions, only one adjustment plate 4 needs to be placed to make the height of the rail 5 at the fastener to be tested and the height of the rail 5 at the adjacent fastener the same. The operation is simple and convenient, which helps to reduce the influence of the loading bag 1's own structure on the static stiffness of the vibration-damping fastener system. In addition, the adjustment plate 4 can achieve millimeter-level height adjustment, ensuring that consistent results can be obtained for each test, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the test data and reducing test errors.

[0083] Specifically, the installation position of the adjustment plate 4 is set at the bottom of the rail 5 at the fastener adjacent to the fastener to be tested, and the adjustment plate 4 is a high-strength steel plate.

[0084] The adjustment plate 4 is installed at a similar position to the loading capsule 1, parallel to the length direction of the rail 5, so that the height of the rail 5 in the length direction remains parallel to the initial height, ensuring the consistency of the track geometry parameters before and after the test, and avoiding the impact of height differences on the test results. The installation method and installation tools are the same as those of the loading capsule 1, which simplifies the installation process and reduces the time and complexity of on-site operations. The adjustment plate 4 made of high-strength steel plate provides additional rigid support for the rail 5, enhances the stability of the entire system, and reduces the risk of displacement or deformation caused by external factors.

[0085] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a portable vibration-damping fastener static stiffness testing method, comprising the following specific steps:

[0086] S1: Remove the spring bars 7 and gauge blocks 8 of the fastener to be tested and the fasteners on both sides, and lift the rail 5 to a certain height; ensure that there is enough space to install the loading bag 1 and that the state of the surrounding fasteners will not be affected;

[0087] S2: Place the loading capsule 1 between the bottom of the rail 5 and the fastener rail pad 6, connect the pressurizing system 2, and arrange the displacement sensor 3 at the bottom of the loading capsule 1 and the bottom of the rail 5; so that the loading capsule 1 can accurately transmit the pressure to the target fastener, and monitor the deformation during the loading process in real time through the displacement sensor 3;

[0088] S3: An adjustment plate 4 is placed under the bottom of the rail 5 at the adjacent fasteners. The adjustment plate 4 is used to ensure that the rail 5 is at the same height; ensure that the rail 5 maintains the same geometric parameters before and after the test, avoid errors caused by height changes, and adapt to height adjustments for different test requirements;

[0089] S4: slowly drop the rail 5, reset the spring bars 7 and gauge blocks 8 of the fasteners on both sides, and ensure that the displacement of the rail 5 is not too large during the test; restore the original track structure, ensure that the loading force mainly acts on the target fastener, reduce the impact on other components, and improve the accuracy of the test results;

[0090] S5: Use the air pump 201 to pressurize the loading bag 1. According to the stiffness test method, the fastener needs to be loaded with forces of 5kN and 35kN respectively. Then, the displacement data corresponding to the lower surface of the loading bag 1 is collected by the displacement sensor 3 to calculate the static stiffness value of the vibration-damping fastener. By precisely controlling the loading force and recording the corresponding displacement data, the static stiffness value of the vibration-damping fastener is calculated to evaluate its performance.

[0091] The stable pressure source provided by the air pump 201 ensures that the set pressure value can be reached each time loading occurs, thereby improving the repeatability and reliability of the test results. After the loading bag 1 and the rail 5 are subjected to force, the arrangement of the displacement sensor 3 can monitor the displacement of the bottom of the loading bag 1 and the rail 5 in real time, providing accurate data support for calculating the static stiffness. The use of the adjustment plate 4 ensures that the track geometric parameters before and after the test are consistent, protecting the integrity of the original structure. The real-time monitoring function of the pressure gauge 203 and the displacement sensor 3 enhances the safety of the system, and abnormal conditions are discovered in time and measures are taken.

[0092] This setting can measure the stiffness of fasteners without removing them on site, with a small testing workload, and the fastener force of this test method is basically consistent with the load required by the standard. The data is highly reliable, which improves the repeatability and reliability of the test results. Standardized components and simple design make the installation and disassembly process efficient and quick, reduce on-site operation time, and have low maintenance costs. The loading capsule 1 requires a small working space for loading, and the equipment is portable.

[0093] Specifically, in step S5, when the fastener applies the loading force, the internal pressure P of the loading bag 1 is:

[0094]

[0095] Where: F is the force required to load the fastener;

[0096] S is the upper and lower surface area of ​​the loading bag.

[0097] By calculating the required internal pressure, it can be ensured that the pressure provided by the inflation pump 201 accurately corresponds to the required loading force, thereby achieving high-precision loading control; the pressure inside the loading bag 1 is evenly distributed on the entire contact surface, ensuring the uniform transmission of the loading force, avoiding local stress concentration, and improving the accuracy of the test results. During the test, the operating parameters of the inflation pump 201 can be adjusted in time according to the actual measured pressure value through monitoring by the pressure gauge 203 to ensure that the loading force always remains at the set value.

[0098] This setting ensures that each loading reaches the set pressure value by accurately calculating the pressure and monitoring it in real time, reducing errors caused by pressure fluctuations and improving the reliability of test results. Operators only need to set the corresponding pressure value according to the formula to quickly complete the loading setting, simplifying the operating process. Real-time monitoring and adjustment of pressure can effectively prevent the occurrence of overpressure, protect the safety of equipment and personnel, and ensure stability during the test.

[0099] In addition, it can be combined with electronic recording equipment to save the pressure data during each loading process, which is convenient for subsequent data analysis and report generation, supporting more in-depth research and evaluation. Example 1

[0100] When the upper and lower surface areas S of the loading bag 1 are both 0.028m 2 hour,

[0101] The pressurizing system 2 applies forces of 5KN and 35KN to the loading bag 1 respectively, and the air pressures in the loading bag 1 are 0.18MPa and 1.25MPa respectively.

[0102] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable vibration damping fastener static stiffness loading system, characterized in that: It comprises a loading bag (1), a pressurizing system (2), a displacement sensor (3) and an adjustment plate (4), The loading bag (1) is arranged between the steel rail (5) and the fastener rail pad (6), and the loading bag (1) comprises a cavity bag (101), a loading plate (102) and a connecting hole (103). Two loading plates (102) are provided, and the two loading plates (102) are respectively arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the cavity bag (101). The connecting hole (103) is arranged on the side of the cavity bag (101) and is used for connecting to the pressurizing system (2); The pressurizing system (2) is connected to the loading bag (1) and is used to adjust the pressure in the loading bag (1); At least two displacement sensors (3) are provided, and the displacement sensors (3) are respectively provided at the bottom of the loading bag (1) and the steel rail (5); The adjustment plate (4) is used to adjust the installation height of the steel rail (5) along the length direction so that the height of the steel rail (5) at the adjacent fastener is consistent with the height of the steel rail (5) at the fastener to be tested.

2. The portable vibration-damping fastener static stiffness loading system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cavity bag (101) and the loading plate (102) are vulcanized into an integrated structure.

3. The portable vibration-damping fastener static stiffness loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity sac (101) is a cubic cavity structure, and the cavity sac (101) is made of a composite of rubber and high-strength fabric.

4. The portable vibration-damping fastener static stiffness loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading plate (102) is square or circular, and is made of a high-strength steel plate.

5. The portable vibration-damping fastener static stiffness loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: One or two connecting holes (103) are provided.

6. The portable vibration-damping fastener static stiffness loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressurizing system (2) may be a hydraulic pressurizing system, a pneumatic pressurizing system or a manual pressurizing system.

7. The portable vibration-damping fastener static stiffness loading system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressurizing system (2) is a pneumatic pressurizing system, comprising an air pump (201), a pipeline (202) and a pressure gauge (203), one end of the pipeline (202) being connected to the air pump (201), the pressure gauge (203) being arranged on the pipeline (202), and the pressure gauge (203) being used to detect the pressure in the loading bag (1) and the pipeline (202).

8. A portable vibration damping fastener static stiffness test method, characterized in that: The portable vibration-damping fastener static stiffness loading system for processing any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following specific steps: S1: Remove the spring bars (7) and the gauge blocks (8) of the fastener to be tested and the fasteners on both sides, and lift the rail (5) to a set height; S2: placing the loading bag (1) between the bottom of the steel rail (5) and the fastener rail pad (6), connecting the pressurizing system (2), and arranging the displacement sensor (3) at the bottom of the loading bag (1) and the bottom of the steel rail (5); S3: placing the adjustment plate (4) under the bottom of the steel rail (5) at the adjacent fasteners, the adjustment plate (4) being used to ensure that the steel rail (5) is at the same height; S4: slowly lowering the steel rail (5), resetting the spring bars (7) and the gauge block (8) of the fasteners on both sides, and ensuring that the displacement of the steel rail (5) during the test is not too large; S5: The loading bag (1) is pressurized using the pressurizing system (2). According to the stiffness test method, the fastener needs to be loaded with forces of 5 kN and 35 kN respectively. The displacement data corresponding to the lower surface of the loading bag (1) is then collected using the displacement sensor (3), and the static stiffness value of the vibration-damping fastener can be calculated.

9. The portable vibration damping fastener static stiffness testing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5, when the fastener applies a loading force, the internal pressure P of the loading bag (1) is: ； Where: F is the force required to load the fastener; S is the upper and lower surface area of ​​the loading bag.

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