Simulation device and simulation method for water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in a river channel in an arid area. The device includes an experimental water tank, a river channel simulation component, a first water tank and a second water tank. The experimental water tank has an upstream end and a downstream end in its length direction, and the downstream end is provided with at least one drainage outlet. The river channel simulation component is arranged in the experimental water tank, and includes a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer stacked in sequence along the up-down direction. The first simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of first filling sediments with different components and / or coarsenesses, and a groove with an upward groove opening is opened in the middle thereof, and the groove has a water inlet near the upstream end and a water outlet near the downstream end. The second simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments with different components and / or coarsenesses. The first water tank is connected to the water inlet of the groove; the second water tank is connected to the drainage outlet of the experimental water tank. In this way, the accuracy and repeatability of the experiment are improved, and the scope of application is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of river simulation in arid areas, and in particular to a device and method for simulating water flow and sedimentation processes in a river in arid areas. Background Art

[0002] Rivers located in the center of lake basins in arid regions primarily meander due to their flat terrain and gentle slopes, and lack surrounding vegetation. Furthermore, due to scarce precipitation and intense evaporation and infiltration, river flow decreases dramatically, leading to a gradual decrease in channel width and depth. To address this, a device for simulating the flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels, as provided in Patent 2024117096382, can be used to simulate the characteristic trend of arid river channels decreasing in width and depth along their flow direction.

[0003] However, since the rivers in the center of the continental lake basin are mainly meandering rivers, their river banks present a complex multi-layered interlaced structure, including different combinations of coarse-grained and fine-grained sediments. The simulation device is not well designed in this regard, resulting in the inability to accurately quantify the parameters of the internal sediments (such as weight and component structure), poor repeatability, and difficulty in accurately reflecting the phenomena observed in the field. In addition, in order to effectively simulate the infiltration rate of water flow in the arid river channel, the simulation device uses a second simulation layer paved with gravel and a water level controller for adjustment. However, due to the single structure of the second simulation layer and the lack of customization options for actual phenomena in the field arid area, and the inability of the water level controller's adjustment mechanism to accurately cooperate with the coarse-grained plate, the adjustment process of the infiltration rate of water flow in the arid river channel is not only complicated to operate, but also has low accuracy. Therefore, further optimization of the design is needed to improve the accuracy and repeatability of the simulation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels, which can improve the simulation accuracy and repeatability.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels, comprising:

[0006] The experimental water tank has an upstream end and a downstream end in its length direction, and the downstream end is provided with at least one drainage outlet;

[0007] a river channel simulation component, disposed in the experimental water tank, comprising a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer stacked in sequence in an up-down direction, wherein the first simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of first filling sediments of different compositions and / or coarsenesses, and a channel with an upward notch is opened in the middle thereof, the channel having a water inlet near the upstream end and a water outlet near the downstream end; and the second simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments of different compositions and / or coarsenesses;

[0008] a first water tank containing water and connected to the water inlet of the channel through a water inlet pipe, so that part of the water flowing into the channel through the water inlet flows to the downstream end and the other part seeps down to the second simulation layer; and

[0009] The second water tank is connected to the drain outlet of the experimental water tank through a water outlet pipe and is used to accommodate water flowing out through the drain outlet.

[0010] Optionally, the river simulation component further includes a first outer frame and a plurality of first measuring columns disposed in the experimental water tank, wherein the first outer frame is in a rectangular parallelepiped configuration and has an upwardly disposed filling port, and includes a first mesh and four transparent thin plates, wherein the first mesh is disposed at the bottom, and the four transparent thin plates are sequentially connected and disposed along the circumference of the first outer frame and are detachably mounted on the first mesh, and the plurality of first measuring columns are inserted into the first outer frame at intervals, and each of the first measuring columns is provided with a scale;

[0011] The first filling sediment is filled in the first outer frame.

[0012] Optionally, the river simulation component further includes a second outer frame and a plurality of second measuring columns disposed within the experimental water tank, wherein the second outer frame is in a rectangular parallelepiped configuration and has an upwardly disposed filling port, and includes five second meshes, one of the five second meshes being located at the bottom, and the other four being sequentially connected and disposed along the circumference of the second outer frame, and the plurality of second measuring columns being inserted into the first outer frame at intervals, and each second measuring column being provided with a scale;

[0013] The second filling sediment is filled in the second outer frame.

[0014] Optionally, the width of the first outer frame and the width of the second outer frame are respectively the same as the width of the experimental water tank;

[0015] The length of the first outer frame and the length of the second outer frame are respectively 2 / 3 of the width of the experimental water tank.

[0016] Optionally, the first simulation layer is formed by paving the first filling sediment or by stacking a plurality of first filling sediments of different compositions and / or thicknesses in sequence from bottom to top in a certain height ratio;

[0017] The first filling sediment is coarse-grained matter, medium-grained matter or fine-grained matter.

[0018] Optionally, the second simulation layer is formed by paving the second filling sediment or by mixing a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarsenesses in a certain volume ratio and then paving them;

[0019] The second filling sediment is coarse-grained matter or fine-grained matter.

[0020] Optionally, the channel is formed by a straight tube or a serpentine tube acting on the first simulation layer.

[0021] Optionally, the device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels further comprises a water flow control component, wherein the water flow control component comprises:

[0022] A flow meter, provided in the water inlet pipe, for monitoring water flow;

[0023] a peristaltic pump, disposed in the first water tank and connected to the water inlet pipe;

[0024] A second valve is provided on the water inlet pipe; and

[0025] The second controller is electrically connected to the flow meter, the peristaltic pump and the second valve, and is used to control the opening and closing of the valve and the working state of the peristaltic pump according to the monitoring result of the flow meter.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels, which is applicable to a device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels. The method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels comprises the following steps:

[0027] Step S1, preparing a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer in the experimental water tank;

[0028] Step S2: driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the experimental water tank through the channel of the first simulation layer until the water level of the experimental water tank is flush with the bottom wall of the channel;

[0029] Step S3: driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the channel at a certain water flow rate, wherein a portion of the water flowing into the channel flows toward the downstream end of the experimental water tank, and the other portion infiltrates into the second simulation layer;

[0030] Step S4: When the water flowing through the channel to the downstream end gradually decreases until there is no water at the downstream end, the water output of the water inlet pipe is increased and kept constant, and the evolution of the river channel and the sedimentation characteristics are observed.

[0031] Optionally, step S1 specifically includes:

[0032] Step S11, placing the second outer frame into the experimental water tank, and selecting a second filling sediment to fill the second outer frame to form the second simulation layer, wherein the second outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and includes five second meshes;

[0033] Step S12: placing the first outer frame on the second outer frame, placing the straight tube or the serpentine tube in the first outer frame, and then selecting a first filling sediment to fill the first outer frame to form the first simulation layer, wherein the first outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has an upwardly arranged filling port, including a first mesh and four transparent thin plates, the first mesh is arranged at the bottom, and the four transparent thin plates are sequentially connected along the circumference of the first outer frame and are detachably mounted on the first mesh;

[0034] Step S13: remove the straight tube or the serpentine tube, and then remove the four transparent thin plates.

[0035] In the technical solution of the present invention, a portion of the water flowing through the channel of the first simulation layer will seep downward. When the water inlet volume of the water inlet pipe is constant, the amount of water flowing to the downstream end will decrease along the way. In this way, the process of gradually reducing the water flow in the river channel under strong evaporation and infiltration of the riverbed in a drought environment can be quickly simulated under laboratory conditions, thereby simulating the formation process of the river channel in a drought area decreasing in width and depth as it moves downstream. In addition, the first simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of first filling sediments of different compositions and / or coarsenesses. By selecting the composition, coarseness and quantity of the first filling sediments, the composition, volume (length, width and height) of the first simulation layer can be precisely controlled. , density (including density or compaction) and uniformity, ensuring the comparability of different simulation experiments under the same experimental configuration, which helps to reveal the laws of river channel evolution under different components and compaction degrees; the second simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness. By selecting the components, coarseness and quantity of the second filling sediments, the components, density (including density or compaction) and uniformity of the second simulation layer 22 can be accurately controlled to adjust the infiltration rate of the river water flow in the simulation experiment. In this way, the natural environment can be more accurately reproduced in the process of simulating water flow under different climatic backgrounds (such as drought conditions) and surface conditions. In this way, the accuracy and repeatability of the experiment are improved, and the application range of the simulation device is expanded, so that it can better serve the fields of scientific research and environmental management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a device for simulating the flow and sedimentation process in a river channel in arid areas provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the first and second simulation layers of the device for simulating the flow and sedimentation process in a river channel in a moderately arid region;

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second outer frame and the first measuring column of the device for simulating the flow and sedimentation process in a river channel in a moderately arid area;

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second outer frame and the first measuring column of the device for simulating the flow and sedimentation process in a river channel in a moderately arid region;

[0041] Figure 5 A flow chart of the method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Flowchart of step S1 in FIG.

[0043] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0044]

[0045] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0048] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing throughout the text includes three parallel schemes. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes scheme A, or scheme B, or a scheme in which A and B are satisfied at the same time. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0049] Rivers located in the center of lake basins in arid regions primarily meander due to their flat terrain and gentle slopes, and lack surrounding vegetation. Furthermore, due to scarce precipitation and intense evaporation and infiltration, river flow decreases dramatically, leading to a gradual decrease in channel width and depth. To address this, a device for simulating the flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels, as provided in Patent 2024117096382, can be used to simulate the characteristic trend of arid river channels decreasing in width and depth along their flow direction.

[0050] However, since the rivers in the center of the continental lake basin are mainly meandering rivers, their river banks present a complex multi-layered interlaced structure, including different combinations of coarse-grained and fine-grained sediments. The simulation device is not well designed in this regard, resulting in the inability to accurately quantify the parameters of the internal sediments (such as weight and component structure), poor repeatability, and difficulty in accurately reflecting the phenomena observed in the field. In addition, in order to effectively simulate the infiltration rate of water flow in the arid river channel, the simulation device uses a second simulation layer paved with gravel and a water level controller for adjustment. However, due to the single structure of the second simulation layer and the lack of customization options for actual phenomena in the field arid area, and the inability of the water level controller's adjustment mechanism to accurately cooperate with the coarse-grained plate, the adjustment process of the infiltration rate of water flow in the arid river channel is not only complicated to operate, but also has low accuracy. Therefore, further optimization of the design is needed to improve the accuracy and repeatability of the simulation.

[0051] In view of this, the present invention provides a device 100 for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels. Figures 1 to 4 This is an embodiment of a device 100 for simulating water flow and sedimentation processes in arid river channels provided by the present invention.

[0052] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2The arid river channel water flow sedimentation process simulation device 100 includes an experimental water tank 1, a river channel simulation component 2, a first water tank 3 and a second water tank 4. The experimental water tank 1 has an upstream end 11 and a downstream end 12 in its length direction, and the downstream end 12 is provided with at least one drainage outlet; the river channel simulation component 2 is arranged in the experimental water tank 1, including a first simulation layer 21 and a second simulation layer 22 stacked in sequence along the up and down directions, the first simulation layer 21 is paved with at least one of a plurality of first filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness, and a groove 211 with a groove opening upward is opened in the middle of the groove. The channel 211 has a water inlet near the upstream end 11 and a water outlet near the downstream end 12, and the second simulation layer 22 is paved with at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness; the first water tank 3 is filled with water and is connected to the water inlet of the channel 211 through the water inlet pipe 31, so that part of the water flowing into the channel 211 through the water inlet flows to the downstream end 12, and the other part seeps down to the second simulation layer 22; the second water tank 4 is connected to the drain of the experimental water tank 1 through the outlet pipe 42, and is used to accommodate water flowing out through the drain.

[0053] In the technical solution of the present invention, a portion of the water flowing through the channel 211 of the first simulation layer 21 will seep downward. When the water inlet volume of the water inlet pipe is constant, the amount of water flowing to the downstream end will decrease along the way. In this way, it is possible to quickly simulate the process of river water gradually decreasing under strong evaporation and riverbed infiltration in a drought environment under laboratory conditions, and then simulate the formation process of the river channel in a drought area decreasing in width and depth downstream. The first simulation layer 21 is paved with at least one of a plurality of first filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness. By selecting the component, coarseness and quantity of the first filling sediment, the composition, volume (length, width) of the first simulation layer 21 can be accurately controlled. , high), density (including density or compaction), and uniformity, ensuring the comparability of different simulation experiments under the same experimental configuration, which helps to reveal the laws of river channel evolution under different components and compaction levels; the second simulation layer 22 is paved with at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness. By selecting the component, coarseness, and quantity of the second filling sediment, the component, density (including density or compaction), and uniformity of the second simulation layer 22 can be precisely controlled to adjust the infiltration rate of the river water flow in the simulation experiment. In this way, the natural environment can be more accurately reproduced in the process of simulating water flow under different climatic backgrounds (such as drought conditions) and surface conditions. In this way, the accuracy and repeatability of the experiment are improved, and the application range of the simulation device is expanded, enabling it to better serve the fields of scientific research and environmental management.

[0054] Furthermore, the channel 211 is formed by acting on the first simulation layer 21 through straight or serpentine pipes. Straight pipes are used to construct an initial straight channel, while serpentine pipes are used to construct a meandering channel. Thus, the channel 211 can be configured by selecting appropriate pipes based on the actual channel type, simulating different types of river morphologies and their sedimentation processes. More specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the serpentine pipes are initially set to a curvature of 1.5, meaning that the ratio of the length of the serpentine pipe to the straight-line distance between its ends is 1.5.

[0055] It should be noted that the groove 211 can be formed by placing a straight tube or a serpentine tube on the first simulation layer 211 , pressing it down to a certain depth, and then pulling it out.

[0056] For details, please refer to Figure 3 The river simulation component 2 also includes a first outer frame 23 and a plurality of first measuring columns 24 arranged in the experimental water tank 1. The first outer frame 23 is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has a filling port arranged upward, including a first mesh 231 and four transparent thin plates 232. The first mesh 231 is arranged at the bottom, and the four transparent thin plates 232 are connected in sequence along the circumference of the first outer frame 23 and are detachably installed on the first mesh 231. The plurality of first measuring columns 24 are inserted into the first outer frame 23 at intervals, and each of the first measuring columns 24 is provided with a scale; the first filling sediment is filled in the first outer frame 23.

[0057] In this way, the first mesh 231 is used to carry the first filling sediment and can achieve water infiltration. The four transparent thin plates 232 are used to prevent the first simulation layer from deforming when filling the first filling sediment. The multiple first measuring columns 24 are used to stabilize the first outer frame 23 and are provided with scales to facilitate accurate measurement and adjustment of the layers and distribution of the sediment. At the same time, the use of detachable transparent thin plates can facilitate the setup of the experiment and subsequent adjustments or cleaning. In addition, the scales on the first measuring columns 24 can accurately record changes in the sediment layer (i.e., the first simulation layer), capture detailed river channel evolution data, and accurately simulate and study the complexity of the river sedimentation process in arid river channels and its environmental impact.

[0058] Furthermore, the first membrane 231 is a straight membrane with high permeability and good load-bearing capacity. Even after the load (first filling sediment) is increased, it does not deform, ensuring the stability of the sediment and the continuity of the water flow during the experiment. In addition, the scale on the measuring column is in millimeters.

[0059] It should be noted that the pore size of the first mesh 231 is smaller than the particle size of the first filling sediment.

[0060] For details, please refer to Figure 4The river simulation assembly 2 also includes a second outer frame 25 and a plurality of second measuring columns 26 within the experimental flume 1. The second outer frame 25 is rectangular and has an upward-facing filling port. It includes five second meshes 251, one of which is located at the bottom, and the other four are sequentially connected along the circumference of the second outer frame 25. The plurality of second measuring columns 26 are inserted into the first outer frame 23 at intervals, and each second measuring column 26 is provided with a scale. The second filling sediment is filled within the second outer frame 25. Thus, the second mesh 251 is used to support the second filling sediment and enable water infiltration. The plurality of second measuring columns 26 are used to stabilize the second outer frame 25 and are provided with scales to facilitate accurate measurement and adjustment of the sediment layer and distribution. In addition, the scales on the second measuring columns 26 can accurately record changes in the sediment layer (i.e., the second simulation layer 22), capture detailed river channel evolution data, and accurately simulate and study the complexity of river sedimentation processes in arid river channels and their environmental impacts.

[0061] Furthermore, the second outer frame 25 also includes a second mesh 251, which is covered at the filling port and can move relative to other second meshes 251, so that when filling the second filling sediment, the second mesh 251 is moved away from the filling port to facilitate filling the second filling sediment, and after filling is completed, the second mesh 251 is reset.

[0062] Furthermore, the second membrane 251 is a straight membrane with high permeability and good load-bearing capacity. Even after the load (second filling sediment) is increased, it does not deform, ensuring the stability of the sediment and the continuity of the water flow during the experiment. In addition, the scale on the measuring column is in millimeters.

[0063] It should be noted that the pore size of the second mesh 251 is smaller than the particle size of the second filling sediment.

[0064] Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the width of the first outer frame 23 and the width of the second outer frame 25 are respectively the same as the width of the experimental flume 1; the length of the first outer frame 23 and the length of the second outer frame 25 are respectively two-thirds of the width of the experimental flume 1. This provides sufficient space to simulate a realistic river sedimentation environment. In addition, the first outer frame 23 and the second outer frame 25 are of the same size, facilitating seamless splicing.

[0065] Specifically, in the present invention, the first filling sediment is coarse-grained matter, medium-grained matter, or fine-grained matter. More specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, the coarse-grained matter, medium-grained matter, or fine-grained matter are all gravel.

[0066] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the first simulation layer is paved with the first filling sediment, that is, the first simulation layer is paved only with coarse particles, or the first simulation layer is paved only with medium particles, or the first simulation layer is paved only with fine particles.

[0067] In other embodiments of the present invention, the first simulation layer is formed by stacking multiple first filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness in sequence from bottom to top according to a certain height ratio, that is, the first simulation layer is formed by coarse particles and fine particles stacked in sequence in the up and down direction according to a certain height ratio, or, the first simulation layer is formed by coarse particles and medium particles stacked in sequence in the up and down direction according to a certain height ratio, or, the first simulation layer is formed by medium particles and fine particles stacked in sequence in the up and down direction according to a certain height ratio, or, the first simulation layer is formed by coarse particles, medium particles and fine particles stacked in sequence in the up and down direction according to a certain height ratio.

[0068] Furthermore, in a first embodiment of the present invention, the first simulated layer is formed by stacking coarse particles and fine particles in a vertical direction in a height ratio of 1:1. For example, the coarse particles are laid to a height of 1 cm, and the fine particles are laid to a height of 1 cm. In a second embodiment of the present invention, the first simulated layer is formed by stacking coarse particles, medium particles, and fine particles in a vertical direction in a height ratio of 2:3:5. For example, the coarse particles are laid to a height of 0.4 cm, the medium particles are laid to a height of 0.6 cm, and the fine particles are laid to a height of 1 cm, respectively.

[0069] In this way, by selecting the type of the first filling sediment, the level and density of the first simulation layer 21 can be precisely controlled to simulate river systems with different sediment structures, thereby ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the experimental results. A detailed study of the behavior of sediments of different particle sizes under hydrodynamic action helps to understand the sediment stratification and filtration characteristics, which is of great significance to the research of hydrogeology and environmental engineering.

[0070] In addition, the present invention can also design river systems with different degrees of compaction by changing the amount of the first filling sediment. Specifically, by increasing the filling amount of each type of filling sediment, especially the filling amount of coarse and medium particles, the overall structure of the first simulation layer can be made tighter, forming a river channel model with a high degree of compaction, which is more resistant to water erosion and suitable for simulating riverbank stability under strong water flow conditions. It is also possible to make the structure of the first simulation layer looser by reducing the filling amount of each type of filling sediment, especially the filling amount of fine particles, to form a river channel model with a low degree of compaction, which can demonstrate the characteristics of river banks that are easily eroded and changed under weak water flow conditions.

[0071] Specifically, in the present invention, the second filling sediment can be coarse or fine particles. More specifically, in some embodiments, the fine particles are off-white quartz sand, and the coarse particles are brown crushed walnut shells. These particles have different particle sizes and densities to accommodate different experimental requirements. The off-white quartz sand has a median particle size of 0.30 mm and a density of 2650 kg / m³. The brown crushed walnut shells have a median particle size of 0.15 mm and a density of 1300 kg / m³.

[0072] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the second simulation layer 22 is paved with the second filling sediment, that is, the second simulation layer 22 is paved only with coarse particles, so that the second simulation layer 22 has extremely high permeability, can achieve maximum water infiltration, and is suitable for simulating rapid drainage in arid areas or after heavy rainfall; or, the first simulation layer is paved only with fine particles, so that the second simulation layer 22 has low permeability, can achieve minimum water infiltration, and is suitable for simulating riverbeds in high-density soil or low-permeability areas.

[0073] In other embodiments of the present invention, the second simulation layer 22 is formed by mixing a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarseness in a certain volume ratio and then laying them, that is, the second simulation layer 22 is formed by mixing coarse particles and fine particles in a certain volume ratio and then laying them. More specifically, in the third embodiment of the present invention, the second simulation layer 22 is formed by mixing coarse particles and fine particles in a volume ratio of 1:3 and then laying them, so that the second simulation layer 22 has medium permeability and is suitable for simulating conditions of medium precipitation; in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the second simulation layer 22 is formed by mixing coarse particles and fine particles in a volume ratio of 3:1 and then laying them, so that the second simulation layer 22 has high permeability.

[0074] In this way, by selecting the type of the second filling sediment, the density of the second simulation layer 22 can be accurately controlled, and the river hydrological process under different climate and surface conditions can be effectively simulated and studied.

[0075] Furthermore, the present invention can also adjust the permeability of the second simulation layer 22 by varying the amount of the second filling sediment. This allows for effective simulation and study of river behavior under varying surface and climatic conditions, with significant practical significance for fields such as water resource management, environmental restoration, and geological research. Specifically, increasing the amount of the second filling sediment increases the thickness and compactness of the second simulation layer 22, thereby reducing permeability. This is suitable for simulating low-permeability environments, such as muddy riverbeds or soils with high water content. Alternatively, decreasing the amount of the second filling sediment makes the second simulation layer 22 looser, increasing permeability. This is suitable for simulating arid or sandy areas where rapid water penetration is required.

[0076] For details, please refer to Figure 1 The second water tank 4 is connected to the first water tank 3 through a circulating water pipe 6. In this way, the water in the second water tank 4 can flow back to the first water tank 3 for reuse, thereby realizing the recycling of water.

[0077] Furthermore, a water pump is provided in the first water tank 3 , and the water pump is connected to the circulating water pipe 6 to pump the water in the second water tank 4 into the first water tank 3 .

[0078] For details, please refer to Figure 1 There are multiple drain outlets, and the multiple drain outlets are spaced apart along the width of the experimental water tank 1. Correspondingly, there are multiple outlet pipes 42, and the second water tank 4 has multiple water inlets. The multiple water inlets and the multiple drain outlets are connected one-to-one via the multiple outlet pipes 42. Furthermore, the multiple drain outlets are evenly spaced apart along the width of the experimental water tank 1. This ensures uniform drainage of the experimental water tank 1 and prevents water from flowing in the same direction, which would affect the permeability uniformity and morphology of the second simulation layer 22.

[0079] Further, see Figure 1 The arid region river flow and sedimentation process simulation device 100 further includes a water level sensor 7, a plurality of first valves, and a first controller. The water level sensor 7 is provided in the experimental water tank 1 to detect the water level of the experimental water tank 1; the plurality of first valves are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of outlet pipes 42; and the first controller is electrically connected to the water level sensor 7 and the first valves to control the opening and closing of the first valves based on the detection results of the water level sensor 7. In this way, the water level of the experimental water tank 1 can be controlled according to specific needs.

[0080] Specifically, the amount of upstream sediment input through the first simulation layer is limited, so please refer to Figure 1 The arid region river flow deposition process simulation device 100 further includes a sediment feeder 5, the discharge port of which is arranged corresponding to the water inlet, so as to input sediment into the channel 211 through the water inlet. In this manner, upstream sediment can be input through the sediment feeder 5, and the sediment input amount and input rate can be controlled. This allows simulation of different sediment input conditions based on specific needs, thereby improving the practicality of the arid region river flow deposition process simulation device 100.

[0081] Further, see Figure 1The arid river channel water flow sedimentation process simulation device 100 further includes a gravel filter grid 8, a funnel 9, and a feed pipe 10. The gravel filter grid 8 is located at the water inlet, extending vertically and comprising a wire mesh and a plurality of gravels filled within the mesh. The funnel 9 is inserted into the upper end of the gravel filter grid 8, and the water inlet pipe 31 is inserted into the upper end of the funnel 9. One end of the feed pipe 10 is connected to the upper end of the funnel 9, and the other end is connected to the discharge port of the sediment feeder 5. Thus, by providing the gravel filter grid 8, the mechanical differentiation of sediment particles under natural conditions can be simulated while reducing the impact of water flow and sediment.

[0082] It should be noted that, in one embodiment of the present invention, the funnel 9 is a pointed funnel to ensure that the sediment leaks at a constant rate.

[0083] For details, please refer to Figure 1 The arid region river flow and sedimentation process simulation device 100 further includes a stopper 1A abutting against a side of the river simulation assembly 2 near the upstream end 11. A supply groove 1A1 is recessed in the portion of the stopper 1A corresponding to the channel 211, extending toward the upstream end 11. The supply groove 1A1 communicates with the channel 211. The gravel filter grid 8 is inserted into the supply groove 1A1. Furthermore, the upper end surface of the gravel filter grid 8 is no higher than the upper end surface of the stopper 1A, preventing water flowing out of the funnel 9 from flowing through the sidewalls of the gravel filter grid 8 and out of the stopper 1A.

[0084] For details, please refer to Figure 1 The device 100 for simulating the flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels further includes a water flow control component, which includes a flow meter, a peristaltic pump, a second valve, and a second controller. The flow meter is located in the water inlet pipe 31 and is used to monitor the water flow; the peristaltic pump is located in the first water tank 3 and is connected to the water inlet pipe 31; the second valve is located in the water inlet pipe 31; and the second controller is electrically connected to the flow meter, the peristaltic pump, and the second valve, and is used to control the opening and closing of the valve and the operating state of the peristaltic pump based on the monitoring results of the flow meter. In this way, the water flow in the water inlet pipe 31 can be adjusted in real time to achieve a constant water supply rate, simulating various upstream water flow conditions, and thus observing the flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels under different upstream water flow conditions.

[0085] For details, please refer to Figure 1The arid river flow sedimentation process simulation device 100 further includes at least one slope plate 1B, which abuts against the side of the river simulation component 2 near the downstream end 12. The upper surface of the slope plate 1B is lower than the upper surface of the first simulation layer 21. This is used to simulate changes in river channel slope and improve the accuracy of experimental results.

[0086] Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the experimental water tank 1 is enclosed by transparent glass.

[0087] Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the sediment feeder 5 is a spiral sediment feeder 5 .

[0088] The present invention also provides a method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels, which is applicable to the device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels described above.

[0089] See also Figure 5 The method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels comprises the following steps:

[0090] Step S1: preparing a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer in the experimental water tank.

[0091] In this step, the composition, thickness and quantity of the first simulation layer and the second simulation layer are determined according to actual simulation requirements.

[0092] Step S2: driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the experimental water tank through the channels of the first simulation layer until the water level of the experimental water tank is flush with the bottom wall of the channels.

[0093] Specifically, in this step, the second valve is controlled to open by the second controller, and the peristaltic pump is started to allow the water in the first water tank to flow into the channel. The water level of the experimental water tank is level with the bottom wall of the channel, simulating the initial state of the river channel in arid areas.

[0094] It should be noted that after the water level in the experimental water tank reaches the bottom wall of the channel, the water level in the experimental water tank is finely adjusted based on whether the channel water flow can flow into the downstream end of the channel. For example, when the upstream water flow is constant and the channel water flows out of the downstream end of the channel and enters the downstream end of the experimental water tank, the water level in the water tank can be finely adjusted to increase the infiltration rate. Conversely, if the channel water flow cannot reach the end of the channel, the water level in the experimental water tank can be finely adjusted to increase it.

[0095] Step S3: driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the channel at a certain water flow rate, wherein a portion of the water flowing into the channel flows to the downstream end of the experimental water tank, and the other portion seeps down to the second simulation layer.

[0096] Specifically, in this step, the second controller controls the peristaltic pump's pumping rate based on the flowmeter's monitoring results, thereby controlling the amount of water entering the channel. Part of the channel's water flows to the downstream end, while the remaining part seeps down into the second simulation layer. Consequently, the amount of water flowing to the downstream end also decreases, simulating water evaporation and infiltration into the riverbed in a drought. Furthermore, the first controller adjusts the opening and closing of the plurality of first valves based on the water level sensor, gradually reducing the amount of water flowing to the downstream end until no water is present, simulating the process by which a river channel in a drought-stricken area decreases in width and depth as it progresses downstream.

[0097] Step S4: When the water flowing through the channel to the downstream end gradually decreases until there is no water at the downstream end, the water output of the water inlet pipe is increased and kept constant, and the evolution of the river channel and the sedimentation characteristics are observed.

[0098] In this step, by controlling the water outflow of the water inlet pipe, the water flow and sedimentation process of the drought-stricken river channel under different upstream water inflow conditions can be simulated, thereby observing the river channel evolution and sedimentation characteristics under different upstream water flow conditions.

[0099] Further, see Figure 6 , the step S1 specifically includes:

[0100] Step S11 , placing the second outer frame into the experimental water tank, and selecting a second filling sediment to fill the second outer frame to form the second simulation layer, wherein the second outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and includes five second meshes.

[0101] In this step, before adding the second filling sediment, it is necessary to properly clean and dry it to eliminate the influence of external factors on the experimental results. The weight before and after filling should be recorded to ensure the precise control of the amount of the second filling sediment.

[0102] It should be noted that a weighing device is placed under the experimental water tank, and the weight before the second outer frame is placed is first weighed by the weighing device, and then the weight after the second outer frame and the second filling sediment are placed are weighed in sequence, thereby obtaining the amount of the second filling sediment.

[0103] Step S12: Place the first outer frame on the second outer frame, and place the straight tube or the serpentine tube in the first outer frame, and then select the first filling sediment to fill the first outer frame to form the first simulation layer, wherein the first outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has an upwardly arranged filling port, including a first mesh and four transparent thin plates, the first mesh is arranged at the bottom, and the four transparent thin plates are connected in sequence along the circumference of the first outer frame and can be detachably installed on the first mesh.

[0104] In this step, before adding the first filling sediment, ensure that the first filling sediment is dry and the first outer frame is clean and completely dry. This helps to accurately control the initial conditions of the experiment. The weight before and after adding the first filling sediment should be recorded to ensure accurate control of the amount of the first filling sediment.

[0105] For example, when coarse particles, medium particles and fine particles are selected and stacked in sequence according to a height ratio of 2:3:5 to form the first simulation layer, the weight of the first outer frame is weighed first, that is, before filling the first filling sediment, the first outer frame is weighed, and the initial weight m0 is recorded; then the coarse particles are filled, that is, the coarse particles are filled into the first outer frame with a filling height of 0.4 cm, and the coarse particles are spread out with tools to ensure that they are evenly distributed in the first outer frame. After the coarse particles are filled, the second weighing is performed, and the total weight m1 at this time is recorded; then the medium particles are filled, that is, the medium particles are spread out on the coarse particles with a filling height of 0.6 cm, and the medium particles are spread out with tools to ensure that they are evenly covered on the coarse particles. After the filling is completed, the third weighing is performed, and the total weight m2 at this time is recorded; then the fine particles are filled, that is, the fine particles are spread out on the medium particles with a filling height of 1 cm, and the fine particles are spread out with tools to ensure that they are evenly distributed and cover the medium particles. After the filling is completed, the final weighing is performed, and the final total weight m3 is recorded. Then 6. calculate the filling amount, that is, record the difference between m1 and m0, m2 and m1, and m3 and m2, so that the filling weight of coarse particles, medium particles and fine particles can be obtained respectively.

[0106] It should be noted that, before the experiment began, the four transparent thin plates were removed so that water could freely penetrate through the first simulation layer.

[0107] It should also be noted that when the diameter of the straight pipe or the serpentine pipe is smaller than the preset thickness of the first simulation layer, a layer of first filling sediment can be laid first, and then the straight pipe or the serpentine pipe can be placed on this part of the first filling sediment, and then the first filling sediment can be laid to the preset thickness of the first simulation layer; in this way, the straight pipe or the serpentine pipe can be prevented from being buried in the first simulation layer.

[0108] Step S13: remove the straight tube or the serpentine tube, and then remove the four transparent thin plates.

[0109] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the present invention description and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the flow and sedimentation process of a river in an arid area, characterized in that: The device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels comprises: The experimental water tank has an upstream end and a downstream end in its length direction, and the downstream end is provided with at least one drainage outlet; a river channel simulation component, disposed in the experimental water tank, comprising a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer stacked in sequence in an up-down direction, wherein the first simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of first filling sediments of different compositions and / or coarsenesses, and a channel with an upward notch is opened in the middle thereof, the channel having a water inlet near the upstream end and a water outlet near the downstream end; and the second simulation layer is paved with at least one of a plurality of second filling sediments of different compositions and / or coarsenesses; a first water tank containing water and connected to the water inlet of the channel through a water inlet pipe, so that part of the water flowing into the channel through the water inlet flows to the downstream end and the other part seeps down to the second simulation layer; and The second water tank is connected to the drain outlet of the experimental water tank through a water outlet pipe and is used to accommodate water flowing out through the drain outlet.

2. The device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The river simulation assembly further includes a first outer frame and a plurality of first measuring columns disposed within the experimental water tank. The first outer frame is in a rectangular parallelepiped configuration and has an upwardly disposed filling port. The first outer frame includes a first mesh and four transparent thin plates. The first mesh is disposed at the bottom. The four transparent thin plates are sequentially connected and disposed along the circumference of the first outer frame and are detachably mounted on the first mesh. The plurality of first measuring columns are inserted into the first outer frame at intervals, and each of the first measuring columns is provided with a scale. The first filling sediment is filled in the first outer frame.

3. The device for simulating the flow and sedimentation process of a river in an arid region according to claim 2, characterized in that: The river simulation assembly further includes a second outer frame and a plurality of second measuring columns disposed within the experimental water tank. The second outer frame is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and has an upwardly disposed filling port. The second outer frame includes five second membranes, one of which is located at the bottom, and the other four are sequentially connected along the circumference of the second outer frame. The plurality of second measuring columns are inserted into the first outer frame at intervals, and each second measuring column is provided with a scale. The second filling sediment is filled in the second outer frame.

4. The device for simulating water flow and sedimentation in arid river channels according to claim 3, wherein: The width of the first outer frame and the width of the second outer frame are respectively the same as the width of the experimental water tank; The length of the first outer frame and the length of the second outer frame are respectively 2 / 3 of the width of the experimental water tank.

5. The device for simulating water flow and sedimentation in arid river channels according to claim 1, wherein: The first simulation layer is formed by paving the first filling sediment or by stacking a plurality of first filling sediments of different compositions and / or thicknesses in sequence from bottom to top in a certain height ratio; The first filling sediment is coarse-grained matter, medium-grained matter or fine-grained matter.

6. The device for simulating water flow and sedimentation in arid river channels according to claim 1, wherein: The second simulation layer is formed by paving the second filling sediment or by mixing a plurality of second filling sediments of different components and / or coarsenesses in a certain volume ratio and then paving them; The second filling sediment is coarse-grained matter or fine-grained matter.

7. The device for simulating water flow and sedimentation in arid river channels according to claim 1, wherein: The channel is formed by a straight pipe or a serpentine pipe acting on the first simulation layer.

8. The device for simulating water flow and sedimentation in arid river channels according to claim 1, wherein: The device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels further comprises a water flow control component, wherein the water flow control component comprises: A flow meter, provided in the water inlet pipe, for monitoring water flow; a peristaltic pump, disposed in the first water tank and connected to the water inlet pipe; A second valve is provided on the water inlet pipe; and The second controller is electrically connected to the flow meter, the peristaltic pump and the second valve, and is used to control the opening and closing of the valve and the working state of the peristaltic pump according to the monitoring result of the flow meter.

9. A method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels, applicable to the device for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that: The method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels comprises the following steps: Step S1, preparing a first simulation layer and a second simulation layer in the experimental water tank; Step S2: driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the experimental water tank through the channel of the first simulation layer until the water level of the experimental water tank is flush with the bottom wall of the channel; Step S3: driving the water in the first water tank to flow into the channel at a certain water flow rate, wherein a portion of the water flowing into the channel flows toward the downstream end of the experimental water tank, and the other portion infiltrates into the second simulation layer; Step S4: When the water flowing through the channel to the downstream end gradually decreases until there is no water at the downstream end, the water output of the water inlet pipe is increased and kept constant, and the evolution of the river channel and the sedimentation characteristics are observed.

10. The method for simulating the water flow and sedimentation process in arid river channels according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes: Step S11, placing a second outer frame into the experimental water tank, and selecting a second filling sediment to fill the second outer frame to form a second simulation layer, wherein the second outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and includes five second meshes; Step S12: placing the first outer frame on the second outer frame, placing the straight tube or the serpentine tube in the first outer frame, and selecting a first filling sediment to fill the first outer frame to form the first simulation layer, wherein the first outer frame is arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped and has an upwardly disposed filling port, and includes a first mesh and four transparent thin plates, wherein the first mesh is disposed at the bottom, and the four transparent thin plates are sequentially connected and disposed along the circumference of the first outer frame and are detachably mounted on the first mesh; Step S13: remove the straight tube or the serpentine tube, and then remove the four transparent thin plates.

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