Breeding method for improving quality of hybrid rice

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice, and relates to the technical field of rice breeding, the breeding method comprises a feed hopper, a diversion blanking assembly is arranged on the feed hopper, two bearing racks distributed at an interval are arranged between two fixed side plates, each bearing rack is provided with a vibration screening assembly, the vibration screening assembly comprises a first driving motor, and a second driving motor is arranged on the first driving motor. The first driving motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom face of the bearing platform frame, the outer wall of one fixing side plate is fixedly connected with a second fixing frame, and a reciprocating discharging assembly is arranged on the second fixing frame. According to the breeding method and device for improving the quality of hybrid rice, the seed screening speed can be controlled, the seeds are evenly discharged through the two flow dividing hoppers, seed blockage is avoided, the phenomenon that the seeds are stacked due to the excessive number of the seeds is avoided, and the quality of the hybrid rice is improved. And the seeds are prevented from generating large interaction to block the screen, and the screening quality and efficiency are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice breeding, and in particular to a breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice. Background Art

[0002] Hybrid rice refers to the first generation of hybrid rice produced by hybridizing two rice varieties that have certain genetic differences and at the same time complement each other in their excellent traits. The counterpart of hybrid rice is conventional rice. Hybrid rice mainly uses male sterile lines as genetic tools to cultivate high-yield, disease-resistant, high-quality rice varieties with hybrid advantages. It has high individual heterozygosity, and the hybrid offspring show "trait separation", so seeds need to be produced every year.

[0003] After several generations of hybridization, new combinations of hybrid rice are used to produce seeds. Hybrid seeds from the sterile line and seeds from the restorer line are mixed and harvested. The mixed seeds with different grain weights are screened out using a screening machine to obtain hybrid seeds with high purity quality.

[0004] When the existing screening machine screens mixed seeds, batches of seeds are poured into the screen bucket, and the screen bucket vibrates to screen the seeds. However, when screening seeds, due to the large number of seeds, accumulation is prone to occur. Due to the interaction, large particles of seeds are stuck in the screen, resulting in low screening efficiency. The screen needs to be cleaned frequently by humans, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention discloses a breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice, aiming to solve the technical problem that during seed screening, due to a large number of seeds, accumulation is likely to occur, and large-grained seeds are stuck in the sieve due to interaction, resulting in low screening efficiency and the need for frequent manual cleaning of the sieve, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice comprises the following steps: S1: Use large-grain rice resources with a thousand-grain weight of 45 to 65g to improve the dual-purpose nuclear male sterile line of rice, hybridize to obtain F1, plant F1 to obtain F2 population, select sterile individual plants with a thousand-grain weight of more than 40g, obtain F3 seeds, and purify for multiple generations until a large-grain dual-purpose nuclear male sterile line with a thousand-grain weight of more than 40g is obtained; S2: Use small-grain rice resources with a thousand-grain weight of less than 20g to improve the two-line hybrid rice restorer line, hybridize to obtain F1', plant F1' to obtain F2' population, select excellent restorer line plants with a thousand-grain weight of less than 20g, and purify for multiple generations until a stable small-grain restorer line with a thousand-grain weight of less than 20g is obtained; S3: using the large-grain dual-purpose nuclear male sterile line and the small-grain restorer line selected above to test cross and screen new hybrid rice combinations; S4: Use new combinations of hybrid rice to produce seeds, mix hybrid seeds from sterile lines and seeds from restorer lines, use screening machines to screen out mixed seeds with different grain weights, and obtain high-purity hybrid seeds.

[0007] On the other hand, the present invention provides a screening machine used in a breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice, comprising a feed hopper, on which a diversion and blanking assembly is arranged, the diversion and blanking assembly comprises two diversion hoppers, both side outer walls of the diversion hoppers are fixedly connected with a fixing frame 1, the two fixing frames 1 on the same side are fixedly connected with a fixed side plate at one end away from the diversion hopper, two spaced-apart supporting frames are arranged between the two fixed side plates, each supporting frame is provided with a vibrating screening assembly, the vibrating screening assembly comprises a driving motor 1, the driving motor 1 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the supporting frame, the outer wall of one of the fixed side plates is fixedly connected with a fixing frame 2, and the fixing frame 2 is provided with a reciprocating blanking assembly.

[0008] By providing a diverter and drop component, a diverter and drop component, a fixed frame one, a fixed side plate, a support frame, a vibrating screen component, a fixed frame two and a reciprocating drop component, the speed of seed screening is controlled by adjusting the diverter and drop component, and the seeds are discharged evenly through two diverter hoppers to avoid clogging of seeds in the diverter and drop component, and there will be no accumulation of seeds due to an excessive number of seeds, and the seeds will not have a large interaction with each other to block the screen, thereby ensuring the screening quality and efficiency, starting the driving motor one, and performing multi-stage screening of seeds through vibration, and screening out seeds of multiple different particle sizes at one time, so as to facilitate the cultivation of seeds of different particle sizes, and the seeds are evacuated under the reciprocating action through the reciprocating drop component, thereby improving the seed screening efficiency, and the screened seeds are directly dropped into the storage box, thereby realizing the rapid collection of seeds of different particle sizes.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the diversion and dropping assembly includes a vibrating hopper, which is movably arranged inside the feed hopper, and the outer wall of the vibrating hopper is fixedly connected to a plurality of springs, and one end of the spring away from the vibrating hopper is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the feed hopper, and the outer wall of the vibrating hopper is fixedly connected to a vibrating motor, and the vibrating motor is movably arranged inside the vibrating hopper; the bottom surface of the feed hopper is fixedly connected to a converging hopper, and two diversion hoppers are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the converging hopper, and the converging hopper and the two diversion hoppers form an inverted Y-shaped structure. The structure is characterized in that the side walls of the upper end of each diverter hopper are fixedly connected with a movable frame 1, the converging hopper, the two diverter hoppers and the movable frame 1 are in a fire-shaped structure, the end of the movable frame 1 away from the diverter hopper is fixedly connected with a cylinder, the output end of the cylinder is fixedly connected with a blanking limit plate, the blanking limit plate is movably arranged inside the diverter hopper and the movable frame 1, and the outer wall of the end of the blanking limit plate away from the cylinder is fixedly connected with a guide plate, the outer walls on both sides of the converging hopper are fixedly connected with movable frames 2, and the guide plates are slidably arranged inside the movable frame 2.

[0010] By providing a diverter and drop-off assembly and starting the vibration motor to vibrate the vibration hopper, seeds in the vibration hopper can be prevented from being blocked. The two cylinders can be reciprocated to allow the seeds to be discharged evenly through the two diverter hoppers, thereby improving the seed screening efficiency and ensuring the quality of seed screening. The adjusting cylinder can also change the seed discharge speed, which can be controlled in real time according to the seed screening speed, further improving the quality of seed screening.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the vibrating screen material assembly includes a first-level screen bucket, which is arranged above the supporting platform, the lower ends of the two diversion hoppers are arranged above the two first-level screen buckets, a second-level screen bucket is arranged below the first-level screen bucket, a drop hopper is arranged below the second-level screen bucket, and the first-level screen bucket, the second-level screen bucket and the drop hopper are fixedly connected to the same side outer wall of the drop hopper; the first-level screen bucket, the second-level screen bucket and the drop hopper are fixedly connected to the four corners of the bottom surface of the drop hopper, and the first-level screen bucket, the second-level screen bucket and the four corners of the top surface of the supporting platform are fixedly connected to the vibration seat, and the piston rod is slidably arranged inside the vibration seat , and a spring 2 is sleeved on the outer side of the piston rod, a piston disc is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the piston rod, the piston disc is slidably arranged inside the vibration seat, a spring 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the piston disc, and the bottom end of the spring 3 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom surface of the vibration seat; a rotating seat is arranged on the outer side of the driving motor 1, the bottom surface of the rotating seat is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom surface of the supporting platform frame, the power output shaft of the driving motor 1 is connected to the rotating supporting platform through a coupling transmission, the top surface of the rotating seat is fixedly connected to a guide swivel, an annular groove is provided at the outer end of the bottom surface of the rotating supporting platform, and the rotating supporting platform is slidably arranged on the guide through the annular groove The surface of the rotating ring; the top surface of the rotating support platform is fixedly connected to a plurality of trapezoidal support blocks distributed in a circular array, the top surface of each trapezoidal support block is rotatably provided with a roller, the top surface of the roller bracket is fixedly connected to a fixed plate, the top surface of the fixed plate is fixedly connected to a movable rod, a plurality of lifting holes corresponding to the movable rods are opened inside the support platform frame, the movable rods are slidably arranged in the lifting holes, and the top surface of the movable rods is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the blanking hopper; the reciprocating blanking assembly includes a second drive motor, the second drive motor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the second fixed frame, and the power output shaft of the second drive motor is connected to the outer wall of the second fixed frame through a coupling The device is connected to the gear transmission, and a synchronous belt is meshed on the surface of the gear one, and a gear two is meshed on the end of the synchronous belt away from the gear one; an eccentric rod is fixedly connected to one end of the outer wall on both sides of the gear two, and a steering plate is rotatably provided on the surface of the eccentric rod, and a fixed rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall on one side of the two supporting frames that are close to each other, and an end of the steering plate that is away from the eccentric rod is rotatably provided on the surface of the fixed rod, and sliding seats are fixedly connected at the four corners of the bottom surfaces of the two supporting frames, and a plurality of guide rails corresponding to the sliding seats are fixedly connected to the outer wall on one side of the two fixed side plates that are close to each other, and the sliding seats are slidably provided on the surface of the guide rails.

[0012] By providing a vibrating screening component and a reciprocating blanking component, starting the driving motor 1 makes the primary screening bucket, the secondary screening bucket and the blanking bucket vibrate at the same time, so as to quickly screen out seeds of various different particle sizes, so as to facilitate batch cultivation of seeds of various different particle sizes, starting the driving motor 2 makes the supporting frame reciprocate, evacuates the seeds evenly, and improves the efficiency of seed screening.

[0013] From the above, it can be seen that the screening machine used in the breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice provided by the present invention has the function of controlling the speed of seed screening, and allowing the seeds to be discharged evenly through two diversion hoppers, thereby avoiding seed blockage, and preventing seeds from piling up due to an excessive number of seeds, thereby avoiding large interactions between seeds and clogging the screen, thereby ensuring the technical effects of screening quality and efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a screening machine used in a breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice.

[0015] Figure 2 The present invention provides a side view of the overall structure of a screening machine used in a breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice.

[0016] Figure 3 The present invention is a cross-sectional view of the side structure of the diversion and dropping component of a screening machine used in a breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice proposed by the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 The present invention provides a structural side view of a support frame of a screening machine used in a breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice.

[0018] Figure 5 A screening machine for a breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice proposed by the present invention Figure 4 A magnified view of the structure in the middle.

[0019] Figure 6 The present invention is a cross-sectional view of the side structure of the rotating platform of a screening machine used in a breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice proposed by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 The present invention provides a structural side view of a reciprocating blanking component of a screening machine used in a breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice.

[0021] In the figure: 1, feed hopper; 2, splitter and drop material assembly; 201, vibrating hopper; 202, spring 1; 203, vibrating motor; 204, collecting hopper; 205, splitter hopper; 206, movable frame 1; 207, cylinder; 208, drop material limit plate; 209, guide plate; 210, movable frame 2; 3, fixed frame 1; 4, fixed side plate; 5, support frame; 6, vibrating screen assembly; 601, first-stage screen hopper; 602, second-stage screen hopper; 603, drop hopper; 604, lower hopper; 605, piston rod; 606, vibration seat ;607, piston disc; 608, spring two; 609, spring three; 610, rotating seat; 611, driving motor one; 612, rotating support platform; 613, guide swivel; 614, trapezoidal support block; 615, roller; 616, fixed disc; 617, movable rod; 7, fixed frame two; 8, reciprocating blanking assembly; 801, driving motor two; 802, gear one; 803, synchronous belt; 804, gear two; 805, eccentric rod; 806, steering plate; 807, fixed rod; 808, slide seat; 809, guide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0023] The screening machine used in the breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice disclosed in the present invention is mainly used in the seed screening operation. Due to the large number of seeds, accumulation is easy to occur. Under the interaction, large-grained seeds are stuck in the screen, resulting in low screening efficiency. The screen needs to be cleaned frequently by manual labor, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0024] A breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice comprises the following steps: S1: Use large-grain rice resources with a thousand-grain weight of 45 to 65g to improve the dual-purpose nuclear male sterile line of rice, hybridize to obtain F1, plant F1 to obtain F2 population, select sterile individual plants with a thousand-grain weight of more than 40g, obtain F3 seeds, and purify for multiple generations until a large-grain dual-purpose nuclear male sterile line with a thousand-grain weight of more than 40g is obtained; S2: Use small-grain rice resources with a thousand-grain weight of less than 20g to improve the two-line hybrid rice restorer line, hybridize to obtain F1', plant F1' to obtain F2' population, select excellent restorer line plants with a thousand-grain weight of less than 20g, and purify for multiple generations until a stable small-grain restorer line with a thousand-grain weight of less than 20g is obtained; S3: using the large-grain dual-purpose nuclear male sterile line and the small-grain restorer line selected above to test cross and screen new hybrid rice combinations; S4: Use new combinations of hybrid rice to produce seeds, mix hybrid seeds from sterile lines and seeds from restorer lines, use screening machines to screen out mixed seeds with different grain weights, and obtain high-purity hybrid seeds.

[0025] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 The screening machine used in the above-mentioned breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice comprises a feed hopper 1, on which a diversion and blanking assembly 2 is arranged, the diversion and blanking assembly 2 comprises two diversion hoppers 205, both sides of the outer walls of the diversion hopper 205 are fixedly connected with a fixing frame 3, one end of the two fixing frames 3 on the same side away from the diversion hopper 205 is fixedly connected with a fixed side plate 4, two spaced-apart supporting frames 5 are arranged between the two fixed side plates 4, each supporting frame 5 is provided with a vibrating screening assembly 6, the vibrating screening assembly 6 comprises a driving motor 611, the driving motor 611 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom surface of the supporting frame 5, the outer wall of one of the fixed side plates 4 is fixedly connected with a fixing frame 2 7, and the fixing frame 2 7 is provided with a reciprocating blanking assembly 8.

[0026] Specifically, seeds are put into the diverter and blanking component 2, and the speed of seed screening is controlled by adjusting the diverter and blanking component 2, and the seeds are discharged evenly through the two diverter hoppers 205 to avoid blockage of seeds in the diverter and blanking component 2, and to avoid accumulation of seeds due to excessive number of seeds, to avoid large interaction between seeds and clogging of the screen, to ensure the screening quality and efficiency, and to start two drive motors 611 at the same time, to perform multi-stage screening of seeds through vibration, to screen out seeds of multiple different particle sizes at one time, to facilitate the cultivation of seeds of different particle sizes, to disperse the seeds under the reciprocating action of the reciprocating blanking component 8, to improve the seed screening efficiency, and to make the screened seeds fall directly into the storage box, to achieve rapid collection of seeds of different particle sizes.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3In a preferred embodiment, the diverter and drop assembly 2 includes a vibrating hopper 201, which is movably arranged inside the feed hopper 1, and the outer wall of the vibrating hopper 201 is fixedly connected to a plurality of springs 202, and one end of the spring 202 away from the vibrating hopper 201 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the feed hopper 1, and the outer wall of the vibrating hopper 201 is fixedly connected to a vibration motor 203, and the vibration motor 203 is movably arranged inside the vibrating hopper 201; the bottom surface of the feed hopper 1 is fixedly connected to a converging hopper 204, and two diverter hoppers 205 are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the converging hopper 204, and the converging hopper 204 and the two diverter hoppers 205 form an inverted Y-shaped structure, and each diverter The side walls of the upper end of the hopper 205 are fixedly connected to a movable frame 206. The converging hopper 204, the two diverting hoppers 205 and the movable frame 206 are in a fire-shaped structure. The end of the movable frame 206 away from the diverting hopper 205 is fixedly connected to a cylinder 207, and the output end of the cylinder 207 is fixedly connected to a blanking limit plate 208. The blanking limit plate 208 is movably arranged inside the diverting hopper 205 and the movable frame 206, and the outer wall of the end of the blanking limit plate 208 away from the cylinder 207 is fixedly connected to a guide plate 209. The outer walls on both sides of the converging hopper 204 are fixedly connected to a movable frame 210, and the guide plate 209 is slidably arranged inside the movable frame 210.

[0028] Specifically, the seeds to be screened are put into the vibrating hopper 201, and the vibrating motor 203 is started. The vibrating hopper 201 is vibrated with the elastic effect of the spring 202 to avoid the seeds being blocked in the vibrating hopper 201. The seeds fall into the collecting hopper 204 through the vibrating hopper 201. The two cylinders 207 are reciprocated to make the seeds in the collecting hopper 204 be discharged evenly through the two diversion hoppers 205. The seed screening efficiency is improved while the quality of seed screening is guaranteed. The position of the drop limit plate 208 is adjusted according to the cylinder 207 to change the seed discharge speed. The speed of seed screening can be controlled in real time to further improve the quality of seed screening.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7In a preferred embodiment, the vibrating screen material assembly 6 includes a first-level screen bucket 601, which is arranged above the support frame 5, and the lower ends of the two diversion hoppers 205 are arranged above the two first-level screen buckets 601, and a second-level screen bucket 602 is arranged below the first-level screen bucket 601, and a drop hopper 603 is arranged below the second-level screen bucket 602. The first-level screen bucket 601, the second-level screen bucket 602 and the drop hopper 603 are fixedly connected to the lower hopper 604 on the same side outer wall; the first-level screen bucket 601, the second-level screen bucket 602 and the drop hopper 603 are fixedly connected to the four corners of the bottom surface of the first-level screen bucket 601, the second-level screen bucket 602 and the drop hopper 603, and the first-level screen bucket 601, the second-level screen bucket 602 and the four corners of the top surface of the support frame 5 are fixedly connected to the vibration seat 606, and the piston rod 605 is slidably arranged on the vibration seat The interior of the moving seat 606 and the outer side of the piston rod 605 are sleeved with a spring 2 608, the bottom surface of the piston rod 605 is fixedly connected with a piston disc 607, the piston disc 607 is slidably arranged in the interior of the vibration seat 606, the bottom surface of the piston disc 607 is fixedly connected with a spring 3 609, and the bottom end of the spring 3 609 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom surface of the vibration seat 606; a rotating seat 610 is arranged on the outer side of the driving motor 1 611, the bottom surface of the rotating seat 610 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom surface of the support frame 5, the power output shaft of the driving motor 1 611 is connected to the rotating support 612 through a coupling transmission, the top surface of the rotating seat 610 is fixedly connected with a guide swivel 613, the outer end of the bottom surface of the rotating support 612 is provided with an annular groove, and the rotating support 612 is connected through an annular The groove is slidably arranged on the surface of the guide swivel 613; the top surface of the rotating support platform 612 is fixedly connected with a plurality of trapezoidal support blocks 614 distributed in a circular array, and the top surface of each trapezoidal support block 614 is rotatably arranged with a roller 615, and the top surface of the bracket of the roller 615 is fixedly connected with a fixed plate 616, and the top surface of the fixed plate 616 is fixedly connected with a movable rod 617, and a plurality of lifting holes corresponding to the movable rod 617 are opened inside the support platform frame 5, and the movable rod 617 is slidably arranged in the lifting holes, and the top surface of the movable rod 617 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the blanking hopper 603; the reciprocating blanking assembly 8 includes a driving motor 801, and the driving motor 801 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the fixed frame 7, and the power output shaft of the driving motor 801 is transmitted through a coupling. A gear 802 is dynamically connected, and a synchronous belt 803 is meshed on the surface of the gear 802, and a gear 2 804 is meshed on the end of the synchronous belt 803 away from the gear 1 802; an eccentric rod 805 is fixedly connected to one end of the outer wall on both sides of the gear 2 804, and a steering plate 806 is rotatably provided on the surface of the eccentric rod 805; a fixed rod 807 is fixedly connected to the outer wall on the side where the two supporting frames 5 are close to each other, and an end of the steering plate 806 away from the eccentric rod 805 is rotatably provided on the surface of the fixed rod 807; slide seats 808 are fixedly connected at the four corners of the bottom surface of the two supporting frames 5; a plurality of guide rails 809 corresponding to the slide seat 808 are fixedly connected to the outer wall on the side where the two fixed side plates 4 are close to each other, and the slide seat 808 is slidably provided on the surface of the guide rail 809.

[0030] Specifically, the seeds discharged from the diversion hopper 205 fall on the two primary sieve hoppers 601, and the driving motor 1 611 is started to rotate the rotating platform 612 along the surface of the guide swivel 613, and the guide swivel 613 rotates accordingly, so that the height of the roller 615 changes up and down, and the movable rod 617 drives the drop hopper 603 to rise and fall at the same time, and the piston plate 607 slides inside the vibration seat 606, and the elastic action of the spring 2 608 and the spring 3 609 is cooperated to make the primary sieve hopper 601, the secondary sieve hopper 602 and the drop hopper 603 vibrate at the same time, so that seeds of various particle sizes are quickly screened out. In order to cultivate seeds of various different particle sizes in batches, the drive motor 2 801 is started at the same time, and the drive motor 2 801 drives the gear 1 802 to rotate. The synchronous belt 803 is meshed with the gear 1 802 and the gear 2 804, so that the gear 2 804 rotates accordingly, and the eccentric rod 805 drives the steering plate 806 to rotate, so that the support frame 5 reciprocates along the surface of the guide rail 809 through the slide seat 808, and the seeds are evenly evacuated, thereby improving the efficiency of seed screening. At the same time, the screened seeds slide down along the lower hopper 604 and are stored in the storage box, so as to realize the rapid collection of seeds of different particle sizes.

[0031] Working principle: seeds to be screened are put into the vibrating hopper 201, and the vibrating motor 203 is started. With the elastic effect of the spring 202, the vibrating hopper 201 is vibrated to avoid clogging of seeds in the vibrating hopper 201. The seeds fall into the collecting hopper 204 through the vibrating hopper 201. The two cylinders 207 are adjusted back and forth to make the seeds in the collecting hopper 204 be evenly discharged through the two diverter hoppers 205, thereby improving the seed screening efficiency and ensuring the quality of seed screening. The position of the drop limit plate 208 is adjusted according to the cylinder 207 to change the seed discharge speed. The speed can be controlled in real time according to the seed screening speed, thereby further improving the quality of seed screening. The seeds discharged from the diverter hopper 205 fall on the two primary screening hoppers 601, and the driving motor 611 is started to make the rotating support 612 rotate along the surface of the guide swivel 613, and the guide swivel 613 rotates accordingly, causing the height of the roller 615 to change accordingly. The movable rod 617 drives the drop hopper 603 to rise and fall at the same time, and the piston plate 607 slides inside the vibration seat 606, and cooperates with the elastic action of the spring 2 608 and the spring 3 609 to make the first-level screen bucket 601, the second-level screen bucket 602 and the drop hopper 603 vibrate at the same time, and quickly screen out seeds of various different particle sizes, so as to cultivate seeds of various different particle sizes in batches, and at the same time start the driving motor 2 801, the driving motor 2 801 drives the gear 1 802 to rotate, the synchronous belt 803 is meshed with the gear 1 802 and the gear 2 804, so that the gear 2 804 rotates accordingly, and the eccentric rod 805 drives the steering plate 806 to rotate, so that the support frame 5 reciprocates along the surface of the guide rail 809 through the slide seat 808, and the seeds are evenly evacuated, thereby improving the efficiency of seed screening, and at the same time, the screened seeds slide down along the lower hopper 604 and are stored in the storage box, so as to realize the rapid collection of seeds of different particle sizes.

[0032] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A breeding method for improving the quality of hybrid rice, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Use large-grain rice resources with a thousand-grain weight of 45 to 65g to improve the dual-purpose nuclear male sterile line of rice, hybridize to obtain F1, plant F1 to obtain F2 population, select sterile individual plants with a thousand-grain weight of more than 40g, obtain F3 seeds, and purify for multiple generations until a large-grain dual-purpose nuclear male sterile line with a thousand-grain weight of more than 40g is obtained; S2: Use small-grain rice resources with a thousand-grain weight of less than 20g to improve the two-line hybrid rice restorer line, hybridize to obtain F1', plant F1' to obtain F2' population, select excellent restorer line plants with a thousand-grain weight of less than 20g, and purify for multiple generations until a stable small-grain restorer line with a thousand-grain weight of less than 20g is obtained; S3: using the large-grain dual-purpose nuclear male sterile line and the small-grain restorer line selected above to test cross and screen new hybrid rice combinations; S4: Use new combinations of hybrid rice to produce seeds, mix hybrid seeds from sterile lines and seeds from restorer lines, use screening machines to screen out mixed seeds with different grain weights, and obtain high-purity hybrid seeds.

2. The screening machine used in the breeding method for improving hybrid rice quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening machine comprises a feed hopper (1), on which a diversion material-dropping assembly (2) is arranged, and the diversion material-dropping assembly (2) comprises two diversion material hoppers (205), both sides of the outer walls of the diversion material hopper (205) are fixedly connected to a fixed frame (3), and one end of the two fixed frames (3) on the same side away from the diversion material hopper (205) is fixedly connected to a fixed side plate (4), and two spaced-apart supporting frames (5) are arranged between the two fixed side plates (4), and each of the supporting frames (5) is provided with a vibrating material screening assembly (6), and the vibrating material screening assembly (6) comprises a driving motor (611), and the driving motor (611) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom surface of the supporting frame (5), and the outer wall of one of the fixed side plates (4) is fixedly connected to a fixed frame (7), and a reciprocating material-dropping assembly (8) is arranged on the fixed frame (7).

3. The screening machine used in the breeding method for improving hybrid rice quality according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diversion and dropping assembly (2) comprises a vibrating hopper (201), the vibrating hopper (201) being movably arranged inside the feeding hopper (1), a plurality of springs (202) being fixedly connected to the outer wall of the vibrating hopper (201), one end of the springs (202) away from the vibrating hopper (201) being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the feeding hopper (1), the outer wall of the vibrating hopper (201) being fixedly connected to a vibrating motor (203), and the vibrating motor (203) being movably arranged inside the vibrating hopper (201).

4. The screening machine used in the breeding method for improving hybrid rice quality according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the feed hopper (1) is fixedly connected to a converging hopper (204), and two diverting hoppers (205) are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the converging hopper (204). The converging hopper (204) and the two diverting hoppers (205) form an inverted Y-shaped structure. The upper end side wall of each diverting hopper (205) is fixedly connected to a movable frame (206). The converging hopper (204), the two diverting hoppers (205) and the movable frame (206) form a fire-shaped structure. The movable frame (206) is located away from the diverting hopper (205). The end of the hopper (204) is fixedly connected to a cylinder (207), the output end of the cylinder (207) is fixedly connected to a blanking limit plate (208), the blanking limit plate (208) is movably arranged inside the diverting hopper (205) and the movable frame 1 (206), and the outer wall of one end of the blanking limit plate (208) away from the cylinder (207) is fixedly connected to a guide plate (209), the outer walls of both sides of the converging hopper (204) are fixedly connected to the movable frame 2 (210), and the guide plate (209) is slidably arranged inside the movable frame 2 (210).

5. The screening machine used in the breeding method for improving hybrid rice quality according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vibrating screening material assembly (6) comprises a primary screening hopper (601), the primary screening hopper (601) being arranged above the supporting platform frame (5), the lower ends of the two diversion hoppers (205) being arranged above the two primary screening hoppers (601), a secondary screening hopper (602) being arranged below the primary screening hopper (601), a drop hopper (603) being arranged below the secondary screening hopper (602), and a drop hopper (604) being fixedly connected to the same side outer walls of the primary screening hopper (601), the secondary screening hopper (602) and the drop hopper (603).

6. The screening machine used in the breeding method for improving hybrid rice quality according to claim 5, characterized in that: The four corners of the bottom surfaces of the first-stage sieve bucket (601), the second-stage sieve bucket (602) and the drop hopper (603) are all fixedly connected with piston rods (605); the four corners of the top surfaces of the first-stage sieve bucket (601), the second-stage sieve bucket (602) and the support frame (5) are all fixedly connected with vibration seats (606); the piston rod (605) is slidably arranged inside the vibration seat (606), and the outer side of the piston rod (605) is sleeved with a second spring (608); the bottom surface of the piston rod (605) is fixedly connected with a piston disk (607); the piston disk (607) is slidably arranged inside the vibration seat (606); the bottom surface of the piston disk (607) is fixedly connected with a third spring (609); the bottom end of the third spring (609) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom surface of the vibration seat (606).

7. The screening machine used in the breeding method for improving hybrid rice quality according to claim 6, characterized in that: A rotating seat (610) is arranged on the outer side of the driving motor 1 (611); the bottom surface of the rotating seat (610) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom surface of the support frame (5); the power output shaft of the driving motor 1 (611) is connected to the rotating support frame (612) through a coupling transmission; the top surface of the rotating seat (610) is fixedly connected to a guide rotating ring (613); an annular groove is provided at the outer end of the bottom surface of the rotating support frame (612); the rotating support frame (612) is slidably arranged on the surface of the guide rotating ring (613) through the annular groove.

8. The screening machine used in the breeding method for improving hybrid rice quality according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top surface of the rotating support platform (612) is fixedly connected to a plurality of trapezoidal support blocks (614) distributed in a circumferential array, the top surface of each trapezoidal support block (614) is rotatably provided with a roller (615), the top surface of the support of the roller (615) is fixedly connected to a fixed disk (616), the top surface of the fixed disk (616) is fixedly connected to a movable rod (617), the inside of the support platform frame (5) is provided with a plurality of lifting holes corresponding to the movable rod (617), the movable rod (617) is slidably arranged in the lifting holes, and the top surface of the movable rod (617) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the drop hopper (603).

9. The screening machine used in the breeding method for improving hybrid rice quality according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reciprocating blanking assembly (8) comprises a second drive motor (801), the second drive motor (801) being fixedly connected to an outer wall of one side of the second fixed frame (7), the power output shaft of the second drive motor (801) being connected to a first gear (802) via a coupling, the surface of the first gear (802) being meshed with a synchronous belt (803), and the end of the synchronous belt (803) away from the first gear (802) being meshed with a second gear (804).

10. The screening machine used in the breeding method for improving hybrid rice quality according to claim 9, characterized in that: One end of the outer wall on both sides of the gear 2 (804) is fixedly connected to an eccentric rod (805), and a steering plate (806) is rotatably provided on the surface of the eccentric rod (805); the outer walls on the sides of the two support frames (5) close to each other are fixedly connected to a fixed rod (807), and one end of the steering plate (806) away from the eccentric rod (805) is rotatably provided on the surface of the fixed rod (807); the four corners of the bottom surface of the two support frames (5) are fixedly connected to a slide seat (808); the outer walls on the sides of the two fixed side plates (4) close to each other are fixedly connected to a plurality of guide rails (809) corresponding to the slide seat (808), and the slide seat (808) is slidably provided on the surface of the guide rail (809).

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