Breeding method of dual-purpose oilseed rape variety suitable for machine harvesting

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil-vegetable dual-purpose rape variety breeding method suitable for mechanical harvesting, and particularly relates to the technical field of rape breeding, the method comprises the following steps: step 1, parent selection: selecting Huizhao oil 26 as a female parent, and selecting iron-oil hybrid 1 as a male parent; 2, selecting a breeding field isolated from the hybridization site, breeding the male parent and the female parent, and ensuring that the parent is not polluted by pollen of other rape varieties in the breeding process; and step 3, hybridizing when the male parent and the female parent simultaneously bloom. The method pays attention to keeping the double-low quality of the rapeseeds, pays attention to the taste and quality of vegetative masses, overcomes the defect of single purpose of conventional oilseed rapes, and supplementarily applies a proper amount of urea after picking when the vegetative masses of the oilseed rapes are about 35-50cm high and the plant brassica campestris is 10-15cm high, so that the yield and the quality of the rapeseeds are not influenced, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The planting benefit of farmers and the output rate of unit land area are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rapeseed breeding, and more specifically, to a method for breeding a rapeseed variety suitable for mechanical harvesting. Background Art

[0002] Rapeseed is the largest oil crop in my country and the only overwintering oil crop. It has great potential for development in the Yangtze River Basin by utilizing winter fallow fields. It not only does not compete with grain crops for land, but also helps to increase the yield of subsequent grain crops such as rice. Therefore, the development of rapeseed is conducive to ensuring the supply of edible oil and feed protein and food security. Rapeseed production in Anhui has an important position in the country. At present, the rapeseed production method in our province has shifted to direct seeding, light simplification and mechanization, which puts higher requirements on the adaptability of rapeseed varieties. It must not only be suitable for mechanized harvesting, but also adapt to the unfavorable farming and cultivation systems such as the delay of the previous rice crop and the full return of straw to the field, which affects the quality of land preparation and timely sowing, and the light and simple cultivation with serious weed damage. At present, there are few rapeseed varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting, and there is a lack of breakthrough rapeseed varieties that are suitable for mechanized harvesting, high yield, high oil content, high quality and wide adaptability. Therefore, the need to breed new breakthrough rapeseed varieties with high yield, high quality, multi-resistance and wide adaptability suitable for mechanized harvesting is very urgent.

[0003] There is also a certain demand for special rapeseed varieties such as dual-purpose rapeseed and high oleic acid. Dual-purpose rapeseed refers to planting one season of rapeseed, harvesting rapeseed stalks as vegetables in the early stage, and harvesting rapeseed oil after maturity. It is a dual-purpose crop. The selection and promotion of dual-purpose rapeseed varieties can greatly improve the comprehensive benefits of the rapeseed industry, reduce the land used for vegetables, and have obvious social, economic and ecological benefits. Although there are many dual-purpose rapeseed varieties on the market for promotion and cultivation, few of them have formed a large scale and have not produced obvious social and economic benefits. The main reasons are: first, there are few dual-purpose varieties with truly good taste and significantly improved overall economic benefits; second, the efficient cultivation method of rapeseed with one crop and two harvests needs systematic research and demonstration and promotion; third, the time when rapeseed stalks are put on the market is too concentrated, and there is currently no rapeseed stalk processing and preservation technology specifically for rapeseed to facilitate preservation. Therefore, it is necessary to screen and cultivate dual-purpose oil and vegetable varieties with good taste and suitable for processing and storage, develop supporting cultivation technologies that can improve quality and efficiency and a key technology system for rapeseed processing and preservation quality control, and link the upstream, midstream and downstream of the industrial chain to fully realize the comprehensive benefits of dual-purpose oil and vegetable. Summary of the invention

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for breeding rapeseed varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Perform parent selection, select Huihaoyou 26 as the female parent, and select Tieyouza 1 as the male parent;

[0006] Step 2: Select a breeding field that is isolated from the hybridization site to breed the male and female parents to ensure that the parents are not contaminated by pollen from other rapeseed varieties during the breeding process;

[0007] Step 3: hybridize the male and female plants at the same time when they are in bloom, select the flowers on the female plant that are about to bloom that day for emasculation, and select the flowers on the male plant that are about to bloom that day for pollen collection;

[0008] Step 4: Pollinate within 1-2 days after emasculation, and put a paper bag or a gauze bag on the outside of the flower of the plant after pollination;

[0009] Step 5, harvesting the siliques after they are ripe, and drying the harvested siliques in a ventilated, dry, and cool place for 3-5 days to obtain F1 seeds;

[0010] Step 6, selecting mutant plants from the progeny segregation population of the F1 seeds, and self-pollinating to obtain F2 population seeds;

[0011] Step seven, select individual plants with excellent target traits from the F2 progeny segregation population, and then obtain DH segregation population offspring through microspore culture, from which materials with excellent agronomic traits, disease resistance and stress resistance, growth period and oil content as well as outstanding special traits, i.e., excellent rapeseed germplasm resources, are selected.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, in step 1, the purity of the parental varieties is confirmed through field observation and molecular marker detection of the male and female parents.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, in step 2, the distance between the breeding field and other rapeseed fields should be at least 1,000 meters, and the sowing time is adjusted with other rapeseed fields so that the flowering period of the parent and other rapeseed varieties is staggered by at least 20 days.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, in step three, when the female plant is castrated, pointed tweezers are used to remove the anthers to avoid damaging the stigma, and the anthers are removed together with the filaments to ensure that there are no residual anthers. After castration, the flowers are immediately covered with a paper bag or a gauze bag to prevent contamination by foreign pollen.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, in step three, when collecting pollen from the male parent, use a brush or cotton swab to gently collect the pollen and put it into a clean container. The collected pollen should be protected from moisture and exposure to sunlight and used within 1-2 hours after collection.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, in step 4, the specific operation of pollination is to open the paper bag or gauze bag covered on the flower of the female parent, dip the pollen of the male parent with a brush or cotton swab, and gently apply it on the stigma of the flower of the female parent.

[0017] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0018] The present invention not only focuses on maintaining the double-low quality of rapeseed, but also pays attention to the taste and quality of the vegetative body, thereby solving the defect of the single use of conventional rapeseed. When the vegetative body of rapeseed is about 35-50 cm high, 10-15 cm of the plant sprout is picked, and a proper amount of urea is applied after picking, which does not affect the yield and quality of rapeseed, and greatly improves the planting benefits of farmers and the output rate per unit area of ​​land. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The present invention provides a method for breeding a dual-purpose rapeseed variety suitable for mechanical harvesting, comprising the following steps:

[0021] Parent selection was performed and Huihaoyou 26 was selected as the female parent. This variety has the characteristics of low erucic acid and low glucosinolate, high yield, strong disease resistance and wide adaptability. Tieyouza No. 1 was selected as the male parent. This variety also has the characteristics of low erucic acid and low glucosinolate, and has excellent quality, strong disease resistance and good growth potential. When selecting parents, in order to ensure their purity, field observation and molecular marker detection (such as SSR, SNP, etc.) were used to confirm the purity of the parent varieties and avoid mixing.

[0022] Select a breeding field that is isolated from the hybridization site to ensure that the parents are not contaminated by pollen from other rapeseed varieties during the breeding process. Breed the male and female parents to ensure that the parents are not contaminated by pollen from other rapeseed varieties during the breeding process. The distance between the breeding field and other rapeseed fields should be at least 1,000 meters to prevent cross-pollination. If spatial isolation cannot be achieved, the sowing time can be adjusted to stagger the flowering period of the parents and other rapeseed varieties by at least 20 days.

[0023] Based on the above, choose fertile and well-drained soil, deep plow the land before sowing, apply enough base fertilizer (organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer), choose the appropriate sowing time according to local climatic conditions, and sow Huihaoyou 26 and Tieyouza No. 1 in autumn. Control the sowing density to ensure that the plants have enough growth space, and control the sowing amount per mu at 200-300 grams. During the growth of the parents, check regularly and remove the impure and inferior plants in time to ensure the purity of the parents.

[0024] During the growth of the parent, growth management is carried out, and topdressing is carried out in time according to the growth stage of rapeseed. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the seedling stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are increased in the bud stage. Pesticides are sprayed regularly to prevent common diseases and pests such as sclerotinia, downy mildew, and aphids. According to weather conditions, irrigation and drainage are carried out in time to maintain appropriate soil humidity.

[0025] Hybridize when both male and female plants are in bloom. Select flowers that are about to bloom on the same day on the female plant. The buds are slightly yellow and the petals are not fully opened. Use pointed tweezers to carefully remove the anthers to avoid damaging the stigma. When emasculating, remove the anthers together with the filaments to ensure that there are no residual anthers. After emasculation, immediately cover the flowers with paper bags or gauze bags to prevent contamination by foreign pollen.

[0026] Select flowers that are open on the same day on the male plant, with fully expanded petals and mature anthers. Use a brush or cotton swab to gently collect pollen and place it in a clean container. The collected pollen should be protected from moisture and exposure to the sun, and pollination should be carried out within 1-2 hours after collection.

[0027] Pollinate within 1-2 days after emasculation. Open the paper bag or gauze bag on the female flower, dip the male pollen with a brush or cotton swab, and gently apply it on the stigma of the female flower. After pollination, cover the outside of the plant flower with a paper bag or gauze bag.

[0028] Furthermore, in order to increase the success rate of hybridization, it is recommended to perform multiple pollinations over consecutive days.

[0029] After pollination, closely observe the development of the siliques. When the siliques change from green to yellow-brown and the surface is smooth and shiny, it means the seeds are mature. After the siliques are mature, harvest them in time to avoid seeds falling off or mildew. Cut the mature siliques with scissors and put them in a clean container. Avoid harvesting on rainy days or when the dew has not dried to prevent the seeds from getting damp.

[0030] The siliques are harvested after they mature, and the harvested siliques are dried in a ventilated, dry and cool place for 3-5 days to obtain F1 seeds.

[0031] Screen mutant plants from the progeny segregation population of F1 seeds and obtain F2 population seeds through self-pollination;

[0032] Individual plants with excellent target traits are selected from the F2 progeny segregation population, and then the DH segregation population offspring are obtained through microspore culture. From them, materials with excellent agronomic traits, disease and stress resistance, growth period and oil content, as well as outstanding special traits, are selected, namely, excellent rapeseed germplasm resources.

[0033] The rapeseed varieties obtained by the above method not only focus on maintaining the double-low quality of rapeseed, but also pay attention to the taste and quality of the vegetative body during the planting process, which solves the defect of the single use of conventional rapeseed. When the vegetative body of rapeseed is about 35-50 cm high, 10-15 cm of the plant sprouts are picked, and a proper amount of urea is applied after picking, which does not affect the yield and quality of rapeseed, greatly improving farmers' planting benefits and output per unit area of ​​land.

[0034] Finally, a few points should be explained: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, which may refer to mechanical connection or electrical connection, or internal communication between two components, or direct connection. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may change;

[0035] Secondly: The present invention only involves the structures involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other;

[0036] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding rapeseed varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Perform parent selection, select Huihaoyou 26 as the female parent, and select Tieyouza 1 as the male parent; Step 2: Select a breeding field that is isolated from the hybridization site to breed the male and female parents to ensure that the parents are not contaminated by pollen from other rapeseed varieties during the breeding process; Step 3: hybridize the male and female plants at the same time when they are in bloom, select the flowers on the female plant that are about to bloom that day for emasculation, and select the flowers on the male plant that are about to bloom that day for pollen collection; Step 4: Pollinate within 1-2 days after emasculation, and put a paper bag or a gauze bag on the outside of the flower of the plant after pollination; Step 5, harvesting the siliques after they are ripe, and drying the harvested siliques in a ventilated, dry, and cool place for 3-5 days to obtain F1 seeds; Step 6, selecting mutant plants from the progeny segregation population of the F1 seeds, and self-pollinating to obtain F2 population seeds; Step seven, select individual plants with excellent target traits from the F2 progeny segregation population, and then obtain DH segregation population offspring through microspore culture, from which materials with excellent agronomic traits, disease resistance and stress resistance, growth period and oil content as well as outstanding special traits, i.e., excellent rapeseed germplasm resources, are selected.

2. The method for breeding rapeseed varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the purity of the parental varieties is confirmed through field observation and molecular marker detection of the male and female parents.

3. The method for breeding rapeseed varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the distance between the breeding field and other rapeseed fields should be at least 1000 meters, and the sowing time should be adjusted with other rapeseed fields so that the flowering period of the parent and other rapeseed varieties is staggered by at least 20 days.

4. The method for breeding rapeseed varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, when the female plant is castrated, use pointed tweezers to remove the anthers to avoid damaging the stigma, and remove the anthers together with the filaments to ensure that there are no residual anthers. After castration, immediately cover the flowers with a paper bag or a gauze bag to prevent contamination by foreign pollen.

5. The method for breeding rapeseed varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, when collecting pollen from the male parent, use a brush or cotton swab to gently collect the pollen and put it in a clean container. The collected pollen should be protected from moisture and exposure to the sun and used within 1-2 hours after collection.

6. The method for breeding rapeseed varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the specific operation of pollination is to open the paper bag or gauze bag covered on the flower of the female parent, dip the pollen of the male parent with a brush or a cotton swab, and gently apply it on the stigma of the flower of the female parent.