Method for preparing biological filtration filler from waste biomass and application of biological filtration filler

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a biological filtration filler from waste biomass and application, and relates to the technical field of biological materials. The invention relates to a method for preparing a biological filtration filler by using waste biomass. The method comprises the following steps: adjusting the pH value of waste distiller's grains to 5-7; and adding charcoal into the wine-making waste vinasse after the pH value is adjusted, carrying out composting treatment, and carrying out ventilation and pile turning in the treatment process to obtain the biological filter material after composting is completed. The problems that an existing biological filler product is long in production period and high in nitrogen loss are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biomaterials, and in particular to a method for preparing biofiltration filler by utilizing waste biomass and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Malodorous gas pollution is a common problem in aerobic composting and seriously limits the application of composting technology. Among the gases produced by composting, NH3 is one of the main sources of composting odor. It is also a serious air pollutant that can cause a variety of environmental problems such as acid rain and PM. 2.5 , and therefore has attracted extensive attention from scholars. + The main way of N loss during composting is through the volatilization of NH3 into the air, which will cause the total nitrogen content in the compost to decrease, thereby reducing the quality of the compost. Studies have shown that when composting with different raw materials and different operating methods, the nitrogen loss rate of compost is approximately between 19-77%.

[0003] Biofiltration is widely used to remove odors generated during composting. NH3 in the odor can be adsorbed by the filler in the reactor and further metabolized by microorganisms. The characteristics of the filler are an important factor affecting the NH3 removal effect of the biofilter. Mature compost has good water retention capacity and nutrients, and has rich nitrifying communities that can utilize NH3. It is widely used as a biofilter filler, with a total NH3 removal efficiency of more than 90%. However, these studies usually regard biofiltration as an independent unit, ignoring that composting-biofiltration is a continuous process. There are certain disadvantages to using mature compost as a biofilter filler in the composting industry: (1) Prolonging the product production cycle. Using mature compost as a biofiller means that a biofiltration period is introduced after the product matures, which leads to a longer production cycle of the compost product. (2) Increased nitrogen loss. Continuing to stack mature compost as a filler will further prolong the denitrification time, resulting in more nitrous oxide generation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a biofiltration material with a short product production cycle and low nitrogen loss. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing biological filter materials have a long product production cycle but increased losses when in use. The purpose is to provide a biological filter material and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problem of long production cycle and high nitrogen loss of existing biological filler products.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for preparing a biofiltration filler using waste biomass comprises the following steps:

[0008] Adjust the pH value of wine lees to 5-7;

[0009] Biochar is added to the pH-adjusted wine lees, and composting is performed. Ventilation and composting are performed during the treatment process. After the composting is completed, a biofilter material is obtained.

[0010] As a possible design, the water content of the above-mentioned winemaking spent grains is 55% to 65%.

[0011] As a possible design, the pH value is adjusted by a pH adjuster, and the pH adjuster includes CaO or NaOH.

[0012] As a possible design, the amount of biochar added is 10-20% of the winemaking waste.

[0013] As a possible design, the above-mentioned biochar is brewing lees biochar, and the preparation temperature is 300-500°C.

[0014] As a possible design, the above brewing waste biochar is prepared by the following method:

[0015] The brewing lees are heated to 300-500°C at a rate of 8-12°C / min, and the temperature is kept constant. Nitrogen is introduced during the treatment, and after the treatment, the brewing lees are cooled to obtain brewing lees biochar.

[0016] As a possible design, the above ventilation is continuous ventilation, and the ventilation volume is 0.2-0.5 L / min / kg-dry weight.

[0017] As a possible design, the frequency of turning the compost is once every 4 days in the first 16 days and once every 7 days thereafter.

[0018] As a possible design, the number of compost turning times is determined according to the nitrate concentration during the composting process, and the composting process is stopped when the nitrate concentration begins to increase to obtain a biological filter material.

[0019] As a possible design, the composting temperature is 30-35°C.

[0020] The biofiltration material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method is used in the preparation of biological fillers and fertilizers.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0022] The inventors have found through research that the biomaterial obtained by composting the material (wine waste) until the biological nitrification activity increases and then stopping, has the best ammonia removal and nitrogen fixation effects. And after subsequent research, it was found that by adjusting the composting conditions, promoting the biological nitrification reaction in the aerobic composting process may further shorten the preparation time and improve production efficiency. In addition, biochar has the characteristics of being porous, having a large specific surface area and being rich in functional groups. During the composting process, a good aerobic environment can be created that is conducive to the habitat of biological nitrifying bacteria, and its porous characteristics can adsorb part of the ammonia produced during the composting process to provide a substrate for biological nitrifying bacteria, thereby facilitating the biological nitrification reaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a composting-biofilter system used in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 The ammonia release dynamic curve of the composting process and the ammonia removal effect of the biofiltration reactor of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 The ammonia release dynamic curve of the composting process and the ammonia removal effect of the biofiltration reactor of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the dynamic changes in the seed germination index of the biochar-assisted biological filtration system of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is the dynamic change of the seed germination index of the biological filtration system of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure numerals: 1-gas control valve, 2-temperature sensor; 3-heating belt; 4-insulating foam; 5-support base plate; 61-composting reactor, 62-biofiltration reactor; 7-nitrogen adsorption; 8-cooling pipe; 9-dry silica gel; 10-CO2 detector; 11-gas flow meter; 12-temperature controller; 13-microcomputer workstation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples and drawings. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. If specific conditions are not specified in the examples, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0031] The existing biological filter materials have the problems of long product production cycle and large nitrogen loss when used. Based on this, the present invention provides a method for preparing biological filter filler using waste biomass, by adding biochar during the aerobic composting process of wine lees, on the one hand, with the help of porous adsorption of activated carbon, the NH3 odor volatilization and nitrogen loss during the composting process are reduced in situ; on the other hand, by creating a good (aerobic, habitat) microhabitat to promote the rapid occurrence of biological nitrification reaction during the composting process, the pre-stacked material is obtained as a biological filter filler, which is used to adsorb and recover NH3 emitted during the composting process of wine lees. As a result, the NH3 odor volatilization and nitrogen loss caused by the waste composting process are greatly reduced, and nitrogen is recovered, thereby producing high-nitrogen content compost. Compared with the traditional use of mature compost as biological filler, the stacking time is greatly shortened, which has very important application and environmental protection value.

[0032] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a biofilter filler using waste biomass, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1. Adjust the pH value of the wine lees to 5-7.

[0034] The inventors have found that when the pH value is lower than 5, the composting process cannot be started normally; when it is higher than 8, a large amount of NH3 (alkaline) will be lost by volatilization.

[0035] Preferably, the pH value is 5.8 to 6.3, and more preferably, the pH value is 6.1.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the water content of the above-mentioned wine-making spent grains is 55% to 65%.

[0037] Preferably, the pH of the above-mentioned winemaking spent grains is 3-4.

[0038] Preferably, the above-mentioned wine-making spent grains are fresh wine-making spent grains.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pH value is adjusted by a pH adjuster, and the pH adjuster includes CaO or NaOH.

[0040] S2. Add biochar to the pH-adjusted wine lees and perform composting. During the composting process, ventilation and composting are performed. After the composting is completed, a biofilter material is obtained.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the amount of biochar added is 10-20% of the wine lees.

[0042] Preferably, the amount of biochar added is 10-20% (dry weight) of the winemaking spent grains.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, the biochar is brewing lees biochar, and the preparation temperature is 300-500°C.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned winemaking waste biochar is prepared by the following method:

[0045] The brewing lees are heated to 300-500°C at a rate of 8-12°C / min, and the temperature is kept constant. Nitrogen is introduced during the treatment, and after the treatment, the brewing lees are cooled to obtain brewing lees biochar.

[0046] Preferably, the nitrogen ventilation rate is 0.2 to 0.8 L / min. The heat preservation treatment time is 1.5 to 2.5 h.

[0047] The biochar prepared by the above method is composted together with wine dregs, which can effectively shorten the reaction cycle and improve the reaction effect.

[0048] More preferably, the above-mentioned winemaking waste biochar is prepared by the following method:

[0049] The temperature of the winemaking spent grains was raised to 500°C at a rate of 10°C / min and kept warm for 2 hours. Nitrogen was introduced during the treatment at a nitrogen aeration rate of 0.5L / min. After the treatment, the spent grains were cooled to obtain winemaking spent grains biochar.

[0050] Preferably, the composting is carried out in a trough composting system.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ventilation is continuous ventilation, and the ventilation volume is 0.2 to 0.5 L / min / kg-dry weight.

[0052] The inventors have found that continuous ventilation can ensure aerobic effects, which is beneficial to promoting aerobic nitrification reactions, thereby improving treatment effects.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, the compost turning frequency is once every 4 days in the first 16 days and once every 7 days thereafter.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, the compost turning times are determined according to the nitrate concentration during the composting process, and the composting process is stopped when the nitrate concentration begins to increase to obtain a biological filtration material.

[0055] In a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of the biological filtration material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in the preparation of biological fillers and fertilizers.

[0056] The wine lees used in the following examples and comparative examples were taken from a liquor brewing enterprise in Luzhou, Sichuan. The composting was carried out in a composting reactor, and the subsequent biofiltration was carried out in a biofiltration reactor. The composting reactor and the biofiltration reactor were connected by a rubber tube. Figure 1 , Figure 1 The left side 61 is a composting reactor, and the right side 62 is a biofiltration reactor.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] A method for preparing a biofiltration filler using waste biomass comprises the following steps:

[0059] Putting winemaking dregs into a composting reactor, wherein the pH value of the winemaking dregs is 3-4 and the mass moisture content is 52.75±1.14%, and the pH value of the winemaking dregs is adjusted to 5-7 with a pH regulator (CaO or NaOH);

[0060] Biochar (15% of the weight of the spent grains, dry weight) was added to the pH-adjusted spent grains and composted for 30 days. During the composting process, continuous ventilation and compost turning were performed at a ventilation rate of 0.2 L / min / kg-dry weight. The compost turning frequency was once every 4 days for the first 16 days and once every 7 days thereafter. When the temperature starts to increase, the composting process is stopped and the biofilter material is obtained.

[0061] The composting-biofiltration reaction cycle is 30 days.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] A method for preparing a biofiltration filler using waste biomass comprises the following steps:

[0064] Take winemaking waste, the pH value of which is 3 and the mass water content is 55%, and adjust the pH value of the winemaking waste to 5 with a pH regulator (CaO or NaOH);

[0065] Biochar (10% of the weight of the spent grains, dry weight) was added to the pH-adjusted spent grains, and composting was carried out. Continuous ventilation and compost turning were carried out during the treatment process. The ventilation volume was 0.3L / min / kg-dry weight, and the compost turning frequency was once every 4 days for the first 16 days and once every 7 days thereafter. The composting process was stopped when the NO3- concentration began to increase to obtain a biological filter material.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] A method for preparing a biofiltration filler using waste biomass comprises the following steps:

[0068] Take winemaking waste, the pH value of which is 4 and the mass water content is 65%, and adjust the pH value of the winemaking waste to 7 with a pH regulator (CaO or NaOH);

[0069] Biochar (10-20%, dry weight) was added to the pH-adjusted spent lees, and composting was performed. During the treatment, continuous ventilation and compost turning were performed at a ventilation rate of 0.5 L / min / kg-dry weight. The compost turning frequency was once every 4 days for the first 16 days and once every 7 days thereafter. When the temperature starts to increase, the composting process is stopped and the biofilter material is obtained.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that: no activated carbon was added, and only winemaking dregs were composted, and the composting time lasted for 37 days.

[0072] A method for preparing a biofiltration filler using waste biomass comprises the following steps:

[0073] Take winemaking waste, the pH value of which is 3-4 and the mass water content is 51.39±1.03%, and adjust the pH value of the winemaking waste to 5-7 with a pH regulator (CaO or NaOH);

[0074] The pH-adjusted spent grains were composted at 30-35°C for 37 days, with continuous ventilation and compost turning at a ventilation rate of 0.2 L / min / kg-dry weight. The compost turning frequency was once every 4 days for the first 16 days and once every 7 days thereafter. When the temperature starts to increase, the composting process is stopped and the biofilter material is obtained.

[0075] Comparing the composting time of Example 1 (30 days) and Comparative Example 1 (37 days), it can be seen that the addition of biochar can increase the preparation speed of the biological filter material. This may be because the addition of biochar in Example 1 advances the biological nitrification, so it can be obtained in 30 days.

[0076] The biofiltration material data of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Table 1

[0078] index Comparative Example 1 Example 1 Moisture content (%) 51.39±1.03 52.75±1.14 Organic matter content (%TS) 80.36±2.45 82.38±1.67 pH(-) 7.63±0.11 7.41±0.08 <![CDATA[Conductivity (mS·cm -1 )]]> 0.88±0.09 0.97±0.09 <![CDATA[Soluble organic carbon (mg·kg -1 -TS)]]> 8,750.63±846.51 3,260.01±145.34 Total carbon content (%TS) 36.29±0.66 36.29±0.66 Total nitrogen content (%TS) 1.88±0.18 1.88±0.18 C / N(-) 19.46±1.87 19.46±1.87 <![CDATA[NH4 + (mg·kg -1 -TS)]]> 897.32±30.16 1,454.42±76.14 <![CDATA[NO3ˉ(mg·kg -1 -TS)]]> 506.11±27.46 543.32±25.93

[0079] The gas generated during the composting process in Comparative Example 1 was brought into the biofilter through a rubber tube, and the prepared biofilter materials were placed in different biofilters. The rubber tube had a branch pipe, and the air compressor was operated at (0.20 L min-1 kg -1 -TS) supplies air to the biofilter to ensure the oxygen content of the biofilter. Therefore, the gas flow rate in the biofilter is about (0.40Lmin -1 kg -1 -TS). The composting-biofiltration reaction cycle is 65 days.

[0080] Comparative Example 2

[0081] The method is basically the same as Example 1, except that the composting is stopped when the nitrate concentration continues to increase to about 6000 mg / kg-TS, and the composting time lasts for about 65 days in total.

[0082] The treatment process of Comparative Example 2 was long and continuous denitrification caused the nitrogen loss to increase to more than 30%.

[0083] Comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the nitrogen loss of Example 1 is nearly 7% lower than that of Comparative Example 2. It can be seen that stopping the composting process when the NO3- concentration begins to increase can not only shorten the processing time but also reduce nitrogen loss.

[0084] Experimental Example 1

[0085] The gas generated during the composting process of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was brought into the biofilter through a rubber tube, and the prepared biofilter materials were placed in different biofilters. The rubber tube had a branch pipe, and the air compressor was operated at (0.20 L min - 1 kg -1 -TS) supplies air to the biofilter to ensure the oxygen content of the biofilter. Therefore, the gas flow rate in the biofilter is about (0.40L min -1 kg -1 -TS). The composting-biofiltration reaction cycle is 65 days.

[0086] (1) Ammonia removal effect

[0087] The ammonia removal results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were measured.

[0088] Figure 2 The dynamic release of NH3 and the NH3 removal effect of the biofiltration reactor treated by DB (spent lees + biochar composting) and DBF+DBPC (spent lees + biochar composting-biological filtration two-stage system) in Example 1. Figure 2 As shown in Figure 2, as the composting progressed, the cumulative release of DB treatment gradually increased, reaching 1231.09 mg at the end of composting. No NH3 release was detected during the entire composting process of DBF+DBPC ( Figure 2), indicating that the biofiltration reactor with pre-stacked wine lees + biochar compost as filler can remove 100% of the NH3 emitted by DBF, thereby achieving complete removal of odor.

[0089] Figure 3 The cumulative NH3 release of the brewing lees single composting system and the composting-biofilter system and the NH3 removal efficiency of the biofilter are shown. The cumulative NH3 release of the brewing lees single composting system increased rapidly in the first 23 days, and then increased slowly. The cumulative NH3 release reached 2731.11 mg at the end of composting. The cumulative NH3 release of the brewing lees composting-biofilter system increased slightly in the first 12 days, and was only 75.30 mg at the end of the biofiltration process. The ammonia removal efficiency of the biofilter reached 97.24%. Therefore, the pre-stacked materials (NO3- begins to accumulate) as biofilter fillers can effectively remove the odor emitted during the composting process.

[0090] Compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, pre-stacking wine spent grains + biochar compost as filler for the biofiltration reactor has a better NH3 removal effect.

[0091] (2) Nitrogen loss

[0092] The nitrogen balance results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were measured.

[0093] Table 2 shows the nitrogen balance results of the composting-biofiltration system of Example 1; Table 3 shows the nitrogen balance results of the composting-biofiltration system of Comparative Example 1.

[0094] Table 2

[0095]

[0096] Table 3

[0097]

[0098] Referring to Table 2, at the end of composting, the nitrogen losses of DB and DBF reached 23.63 and 24.02%, respectively, and the nitrogen loss of DBPC was -8.71%, indicating that the total nitrogen content in the biofiltration reactor with pre-composted wine lees + biochar compost as filler increased by 8.71%. After 37 days of composting, the nitrogen loss of the biochar-assisted composting-biofiltration system was 7.20%, which was significantly lower than the 23.63% of the biochar-assisted single composting system.

[0099] Referring to Table 3, the nitrogen loss of the brewing lees single composting system gradually increased with the composting process, reaching 40.05% at the end of composting. However, the final nitrogen loss of the brewing lees composting-biofilter system was only 28.45%, which was significantly lower than that of the brewing lees single composting system. In addition, the total nitrogen content of the filler in the biofilter gradually increased due to the adsorption of NH3 released during the composting process, increasing from 1.88% to 2.22% at the end of filtration. The nitrogen recovery rates of the brewing lees single composting system and the brewing lees composting-biofilter system were calculated to be 66.01% and 75.24%, respectively. Compared with the brewing lees single composting system, the compost-filter system increased the nitrogen recovery rate by 13.98%, indicating that the compost-biofilter system using pre-composted compost (NO3- begins to accumulate) as the biofilter filler has a better nitrogen retention effect and the ability to improve the quality of the compost product.

[0100] Compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the nitrogen loss of the biochar-assisted composting-biofiltration system is lower, indicating that the pre-stacking of wine lees + biochar compost as a biological filler has a better nitrogen preservation capacity. The nitrogen recovery rate of the biochar-assisted wine lees composting-biofiltration system is 92.81% (Table 2), which is higher than the composting-biofiltration system without biochar assistance (Table 3), indicating that the addition of biochar to the biofiltration system can improve the nitrogen retention capacity of the system. The above results show that the biochar-assisted biofiltration system can completely remove the NH3 emitted from the composting stage and quickly convert the adsorbed NH3, thereby achieving the deodorization of the composting process and efficient ex situ preservation of nitrogen.

[0101] (3) Changes in seed germination index

[0102] The effects of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 on the seed germination index were measured.

[0103] Mature compost products are safe to use as organic fertilizers, and the seed germination index can reflect the maturity of compost products. Products produced by composting will be used as organic fertilizers, and whether they have phytotoxicity is very important for safe use. The seed germination index is usually used to evaluate the phytotoxicity of compost products.

[0104] Figure 4 The dynamic changes of the seed germination index of the biochar-assisted biofiltration system in Example 1 are shown. The higher concentration of phytotoxic substances (such as volatile organic acids, NH4 + etc.) inhibit seed germination and root growth, so the initial seed germination index of DB and DBF is low (~20%). After composting is started, a large amount of phytotoxic substances (such as polyphenols, NH4 +As the composting process progressed, the phytotoxic substances were gradually degraded, and the seed germination index gradually increased, reaching 71.72 and 80.20% at the end of composting, respectively, meeting the requirements of complete maturity. After the start of composting, the seed germination index of DBPC increased from 69.04% to 87.42% on the 14th day, and then remained relatively stable until the end of composting ( Figure 4 ), indicating that the biochar-assisted biofiltration system did not produce phytotoxicity after adsorbing and transforming the gas emitted by the composting reactor. This is because the assistance of biochar can prompt the biofiltration reactor to quickly adsorb and transform the gas emitted by the composting reactor, eliminate phytotoxic substances, and improve the biosafety of its products.

[0105] Figure 5 The dynamic changes of seed germination index in the wine lees composting-biofiltration system of comparative example 1. Wine lees contain a large amount of volatile organic acids and NH4 + Therefore, the initial seed germination index of a single compost of brewing waste grains was low (<30%). After the start of composting, the seed germination index of a single compost of brewing waste grains dropped to the minimum value on the 8th day, which was caused by the degradation of organic matter to produce phytotoxic substances, which inhibited seed germination and root growth. As the composting process progressed, the toxic substances were gradually degraded, and the seed germination index of a single compost of brewing waste grains gradually increased, reaching 71.55% and 74.39% respectively at the end of composting, indicating that the final compost product had no phytotoxicity and met the requirements of my country's organic fertilizer standards (NY / T 525-2021). In the first 30 days of composting, the seed germination index of the biofiltration reactor was maintained at around 48%, which may be related to the adsorption and conversion of NH3 released by the composting reactor, causing NH4 + and NO2 - Subsequently, the seed germination index of the biofiltration reactor gradually increased, reaching 75.09% at the end of composting, meeting the standard requirements of organic fertilizer.

[0106] (4) Comprehensive evaluation of product maturity

[0107] Obtain a comprehensive evaluation of the maturity of the products of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0108] Table 4 shows the evaluation results of product quality and maturity of the biochar-assisted biofilter of Example 1, and Table 5 shows the evaluation results of product quality and maturity of the biofilter of Comparative Example 1.

[0109] Table 4

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] Table 5

[0113] parameter Biofilter Products standard pH(-) 7.33±0.11 6.0-9.0 <![CDATA[Conductivity (mS·cm -1 )]]> 1.41±0.08 ≤3.0 <![CDATA[Soluble organic carbon (mg·kg -1 -TS)]]> 2,190.94±95.24 ≤6,000 <![CDATA[NO3ˉ-N(mg·kg -1 -TS)]]> 3,691.63±173.56 C / N(-) 15.83±0.27 ≤20 Organic matter (% TS) 79.11±1.34 ≥30 Seed germination index (%) 75.09±2.19 ≥70

[0114] Table 4 compares the final product of the biochar-assisted biofilter of Example 1 with the main maturity standards of compost recommended in the literature. The results show that the main physical and chemical indicators of the final product meet the maturity indicators of compost, indicating that the product obtained by pre-piling wine lees + biochar compost as filler in the biofilter can almost achieve complete maturity of the product in the biofiltration process. In addition, the seed germination index of the biochar-assisted biofilter product is high (89.28%), indicating that the biochar-assisted biofilter product has no phytotoxicity.

[0115] Table 5 compares the final product of the biofilter of Comparative Example 1 with the main maturity standards of compost recommended in the literature. The results show that the main physical and chemical indicators of the final product can meet the maturity indicators of compost, indicating that the product obtained by using the pre-stacked compost as the filler of the biofilter in the biofiltration process can meet the maturity requirements, indicating that when using the pre-stacked wine waste compost as the filler of the biofilter, it can complete the decomposition during the filtration process and generate an organic fertilizer product with high nutritional value.

[0116] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing biofiltration filler using waste biomass, characterized in that: The steps include: Adjust the pH value of wine lees to 5-7; Biochar is added to the pH-adjusted wine lees, and composting is performed. Ventilation and composting are performed during the treatment process. After the composting is completed, a biofilter material is obtained.

2. The method for preparing biofiltration filler using waste biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wine-making spent grains have a moisture content of 55% to 65%.

3. The method for preparing biofiltration filler using waste biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH value is adjusted by a pH adjuster, and the pH adjuster includes CaO or NaOH.

4. The method for preparing biofiltration filler using waste biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of biochar added is 10-20% of the winemaking waste.

5. The method for preparing biofiltration filler using waste biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is brewing waste biochar, and the preparation temperature is 300-500°C.

6. The method for preparing biofiltration filler using waste biomass according to claim 5, characterized in that: The brewing lees biochar is prepared by the following method: The brewing lees are heated to 300-500°C at a rate of 8-12°C / min, and the temperature is kept constant. Nitrogen is introduced during the treatment, and after the treatment, the brewing lees are cooled to obtain brewing lees biochar.

7. The method for preparing biofiltration filler using waste biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation is continuous ventilation, and the ventilation volume is 0.2-0.5 L / min / kg-dry weight.

8. The method for preparing biofiltration filler using waste biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frequency of compost turning is once every 4 days in the first 16 days and once every 7 days thereafter.

9. The method for preparing biofiltration filler using waste biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of compost turning times is determined according to the nitrate concentration during the composting process, and the composting process is stopped when the nitrate concentration begins to increase to obtain a biological filter material.

10. Use of the biofiltration material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the preparation of biological fillers and fertilizers.

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