Bionic structure, preparation method, application method and device based on water-guided laser

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bionic structure, preparation method, application method and device based on water-conducting laser, which are applied to the field of surface microstructure technology. The present invention is applied to a transfer device for molten metal, and includes the following steps: connecting a plurality of air film through holes with an air chamber; introducing an inert gas into the air chamber to form a gas phase layer on the upper surface of the bionic structure, wherein the temperature of the inert gas is higher than the temperature of the molten metal. The gas phase layer formed by the present invention is a continuous and stable high-temperature gas phase layer, and the continuous gas phase layer can avoid the problems of metal melt agglomeration and adhesion caused by temperature difference and friction resistance. The present invention combines the Leidenfrost effect, water-conducting laser technology and simulation optimization, and designs a collaborative structure of micron-scale laminated wedge-shaped guide grooves and micron-scale air film through holes, which innovatively solves the key problem of high-temperature metal melt transfer. The promotion and application of this method will bring significant economic benefits and technological progress to related industrial fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of surface microstructures, and in particular to a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, a preparation method, an application method and a device. Background Art

[0002] Metal melt transfer technology plays an important role in key fields such as metallurgy, soldering and aerospace. Especially in the pipeline transportation of molten metal, the transfer efficiency and safety of the melt have received widespread attention; such as the nozzle structure used in additive manufacturing, the melting equipment, casting equipment and transportation equipment used in the metallurgical industry, the detection equipment of high-temperature melt, the nozzle used in laser solder ball welding and other important equipment components all require safe and efficient transfer of molten metal.

[0003] Although the wettability of metal melts has been significantly improved in recent years, agglomeration and adhesion may still occur during the melt transfer process due to the temperature difference and frictional resistance between the melt and the solid surface; these problems may lead to flow obstruction and even cause serious consequences such as blockage and rupture of the transfer channel.

[0004] Therefore, solving the problems of agglomeration and adhesion of molten metal during the transfer process is crucial to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a bionic structure, preparation method, application method and device based on water-guided laser, aiming to solve the problem of easy agglomeration and adhesion of molten metal during the transfer process.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a bionic structure, characterized in that it is applied to the application method of the first aspect;

[0007] including substrate;

[0008] The substrate is provided with a plurality of micron-sized air film through holes and a plurality of micron-sized flow guide grooves;

[0009] The plurality of air film through holes are arranged in an array on the substrate, and the plurality of air film through holes are used to introduce an inert gas having a temperature higher than that of the metal melt;

[0010] The plurality of guide grooves are all located on the upper surface of the base, are arranged along the same axial direction, the groove directions of the guide grooves are inclined to the surface of the base, and the same guide groove is connected to the plurality of air film through holes.

[0011] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the opening axis of the air film through hole is inclined to the surface of the substrate, and the opening axis of the air film through hole and the opening axis of the guide groove are inclined in the same direction.

[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the inclination angle of the opening axis of the air film through hole is 30 to 60°, the ratio of the depth of the air film through hole to the diameter of the air film through hole is 5 to 10, and the distance between adjacent air film through holes is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole.

[0013] In some embodiments of the first aspect, a cross-sectional area of ​​the guide groove gradually decreases in a direction away from the air film through hole.

[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the guide groove is a wedge-shaped guide groove, the wide end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove is tangent to the surface of the air film through hole, and the angle between the narrow end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove and the upper surface of the base is 0 to 5°.

[0015] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the groove direction angle of the guide groove is 30 to 60 degrees, the height of the guide groove is 1 to 2 times the diameter of the air film through hole, and the distance between adjacent guide grooves is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole.

[0016] The second aspect of the present invention provides an application method of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, wherein the bionic structure of the first aspect is applied to a transfer device for molten metal, wherein the bionic structure is provided with a plurality of air film through holes arranged in an array;

[0017] The following steps are involved:

[0018] connecting the plurality of air film through holes to the air chamber;

[0019] An inert gas is introduced into the gas chamber to form a gas phase layer on the upper surface of the bionic structure, wherein the temperature of the inert gas is higher than the temperature of the metal melt.

[0020] A third aspect of the present invention provides an application device of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, comprising:

[0021] A shell for the flow of molten metal;

[0022] The bionic structure described in the first aspect is provided in the housing, and an air chamber is formed between the bionic structure and the bottom surface of the housing;

[0023] An air pump, wherein the air pump is an adjustable flow type air pump;

[0024] An air source is connected to the air chamber via the air pump, and the air supply temperature of the air source is higher than the temperature of the metal melt.

[0025] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method for preparing the bionic structure according to the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1, using a water-guided laser to ablate a substrate at a first preset angle to form air film through holes on the substrate;

[0027] S2, moving the water-guided laser at a first preset interval, and repeating step S1 until a preset number of the air film through holes are completed;

[0028] S3, aiming a water-guided laser at the air film through-holes, and ablating the substrate at a preset second angle along a straight line direction where the plurality of air film through-holes are located, so as to form guide grooves on the substrate;

[0029] S4, moving the water guide laser at a second preset interval along a direction perpendicular to the guide groove, and repeating steps S1 to S3 until a preset number of the guide grooves are completed.

[0030] In some embodiments of the fourth aspect, the first preset angle is 30-60°, the second preset angle is 30-60°, and the first preset angle is greater than or equal to the second preset angle; the wavelength of the water-guided laser is 492-577 nm, the pulse width of the water-guided laser is 150-160 ns, the power of the water-guided laser is 40-50 W, the frequency of the water-guided laser is 6-7 kHz, the processing speed is 5-6 mm / s, and the water pressure of the water pump is 15-16 MPa.

[0031] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0032] 1. This embodiment provides a bionic structure. Since the substrate is provided with multiple micron-sized air film through holes and multiple micron-sized guide grooves, that is, the multiple air film through holes are arranged in an array on the substrate, the multiple guide grooves are all located on the upper surface of the substrate, the multiple guide grooves are all arranged along the same axial direction, the groove direction of the guide grooves is inclined to the surface of the substrate, and the same guide groove is connected to multiple air film through holes. The multiple micron-sized air film through holes and the multiple micron-sized guide grooves form a micron-sized coordinated layout like the stacked arrangement of bird feathers and fish scales. This layout conforms to the principles of gas dynamics. After the high-temperature gas is introduced, a high-temperature continuous gas phase layer of the Leidenfrost effect can be formed. The continuous gas phase layer serves to isolate the metal melt from the solid surface, effectively preventing direct contact between the metal melt and the solid surface, thereby avoiding the problems of metal melt agglomeration and adhesion caused by temperature difference and friction resistance.

[0033] 2. This embodiment provides an application method of a high-temperature gas phase layer. Since an inert gas with a temperature higher than that of the metal melt is introduced into the air film through holes of the bionic structure, the coordinated layout of the air film through holes and the guide grooves can form a gas phase layer on the upper surface of the bionic structure. The formed gas phase layer is a continuous and stable high-temperature gas phase layer. The continuous gas phase layer plays a role in isolating the metal melt from the solid surface, effectively preventing direct contact between the metal melt and the solid surface, thereby avoiding the problems of metal melt agglomeration and adhesion caused by temperature difference and friction resistance.

[0034] 3. This embodiment provides an application device of a bionic structure based on a water-guided laser, including a shell, a bionic structure, an air pump and a gas source. The gas source pumps high-temperature gas into the bionic structure through the air pump, forming a high-temperature gas phase layer inside the shell, which can effectively isolate the metal melt transported in the shell and avoid the metal melt from agglomerating and adhering inside the shell.

[0035] 4. This embodiment provides a preparation method, which combines water-guided laser technology and uses the cooling and protective effects of water to reduce thermal effects, improve cutting efficiency, improve surface quality, and enhance material removal efficiency, thereby improving processing accuracy and speed as well as efficient and repeatable operating characteristics. It can accurately process the required wedge-shaped guide grooves and fine air film pore structures. This structure not only improves the stability and continuity of the air film, but also more effectively enhances its performance as an isolation layer, preventing high-temperature metal melt from adhering to the ceramic substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 A diagram showing simulation analysis results of a water-guided laser-based bionic structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5A schematic structural diagram of an application device of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of gas transmission in an application device of a bionic structure based on water-guided lasers provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the processing flow of a method for preparing a bionic structure based on water-guided laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an application method of a water-guided laser-based bionic structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the principle of a device for preparing a bionic structure based on water-guided laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Reference numerals:

[0047] 1. Bionic structure; 10. Base; 11. Air film through hole; 12. Guide groove; 2. Shell; 3. Air chamber; 4. Control terminal; 40. Computer; 41. Motion controller; 5. Five-axis workbench; 6. Water-guided laser processing system; 60. Laser; 61. CCD camera; 62. Optical component; 620. Beam splitter; 621. Focusing lens group; 622. Coupling cavity; 623. Beam expansion and collimation lens group; 7. Water supply system; 8. Air supply system; I. Metal melt; II. Water-guided laser; III. Gas phase layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The embodiments of the present invention provide a bionic structure, preparation method, application method and device based on water-guided laser. Inspired by the Leidenfrost effect and drawing on the stacked arrangement of bird feathers and fish scales in nature, a collaborative structure of micron-scale wedge-shaped guide grooves and fine air film holes is designed. This structure is connected to the air chamber, so that gas can be blown out evenly from the fine air film holes, thereby forming a continuous and stable gas phase layer between the high-temperature metal melt and the inner wall of the pipe, effectively solving the problem of metal melt easily agglomerating and adhering during the transfer process.

[0049] In order to make the purpose, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] See also Figures 1 to 9 This embodiment provides an application method of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, namely, a method for forming a high-temperature gas phase layer, which is applied to a metal melt transfer device, including a bionic structure 1. The bionic structure 1 adopts a coordinated structural design of micron-scale wedge-shaped guide grooves and fine gas film holes that conform to the principles of gas dynamics, including the following steps:

[0051] Connecting the plurality of air film through holes to the air chamber 3;

[0052] Inert gas is introduced into the gas chamber 3 to form a gas phase layer III on the upper surface of the bionic structure 1 , wherein the temperature of the inert gas is higher than the temperature of the metal melt.

[0053] During the working process of this embodiment, an inert gas with a temperature higher than that of the metal melt is introduced into the air film through holes 11 of the bionic structure 1, and the gas is blown out evenly on the air film through holes of the bionic structure 1, forming a continuous and stable high-temperature gas phase layer on the upper surface of the bionic structure 1, that is, a continuous and stable gas phase layer is formed between the high-temperature metal melt and the bionic structure 1, effectively achieving the purpose of isolating the high-temperature metal melt.

[0054] Based on the above method, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 This embodiment provides a bionic structure 1 applied in the above method, including a substrate 10:

[0055] The base 10 is provided with a plurality of air film through holes 11 and a plurality of guide grooves 12;

[0056] A plurality of air film through holes 11 are arranged in an array on the substrate, wherein adjacent air film through holes 11 are arranged at the same interval, and the plurality of air film through holes 11 are used to introduce an inert gas having a temperature higher than that of the metal melt I;

[0057] The plurality of guide grooves 12 are all located on the upper surface of the base 10 , and are arranged along the same axial direction. The groove directions of the guide grooves 12 are inclined to the surface of the base 10 , and the same guide groove 12 is connected to a plurality of air film through holes 11 .

[0058] During the working process of this embodiment, high-temperature gas is introduced into multiple air film through holes 11. After passing through multiple air film through holes 11 and multiple guide grooves 12, the gas will form a stable laminar flow on the substrate 10, thereby forming a high-temperature continuous gas phase layer III on the substrate 10.

[0059] It can be seen from the above working process that the arrangement of the guide groove 12 is similar to the stacked arrangement of bird feathers and fish scales. Its unique stacked arrangement pattern conforms to the principles of gas dynamics. Through the equally spaced and close arrangement, the air film through holes 11 and the guide grooves 12 work together to form a horizontal laminar flow, thereby forming a continuous gas phase layer III, further optimizing the distribution and flow efficiency of the airflow, thereby forming a stable and continuous high-temperature gas phase layer III, effectively preventing the direct contact between the metal melt I and the solid surface, thereby avoiding the agglomeration and adhesion problems of the metal melt I caused by temperature difference and friction resistance.

[0060] Compared with the existing technology, the present embodiment can form a continuous and stable high-temperature gas phase layer III, that is, the multiple air film through holes 11 and guide grooves 12 designed in the present embodiment have a structure like the stacked arrangement of bird feathers and fish scales, which follows the basic principles of gas dynamics. Under the synergistic action of the two, horizontal laminar flow can be formed, especially the guide grooves 12 can control the direction of the air flow, thereby constructing a continuous and stable high-temperature gas phase layer III, that is, an insulating steam layer with a Leidenfrost effect is formed on the high-temperature solid surface, avoiding the agglomeration and adhesion problems of the metal melt I caused by temperature difference and friction resistance; avoiding the problem that it is difficult to effectively form an air film by relying solely on the gas blown out of the air film hole as in the existing technology, because the gas released by the air film hole is usually suppressed under the influence of the molten metal flow, resulting in the gas being unable to form an air film, or can only form a gas column, and cannot form a stable air film layer on the substrate surface.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a feasible structure of the substrate 10 is further provided, and the working environment temperature of the substrate 10 can be T e =500℃(773K), the material of substrate 10 is ceramic sheet with a density of 3.7g / cm 3 .

[0062] In a specific embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a feasible structure of the air film through hole 11 is further provided, the opening axis of the air film through hole 11 is inclined to the surface of the substrate 10, and the opening axis of the air film through hole 11 is in the same inclination direction as the slot axis of the guide groove 12. In specific implementation, after the air film through hole 11 is arranged obliquely, the direction in which the gas flows out along the air film through hole 11 forms a certain angle with the main air flow direction or the flow direction of the surrounding medium. Compared with vertical air holes, it is more smoothly integrated into the mainstream or the surrounding environment, reducing the resistance caused by sudden change in direction when the gas flows out, thereby better forming a multi-layer horizontal laminar flow with a stacked arrangement like bird feathers and fish scales.

[0063] In one embodiment, if Figure 3As shown, the inclination angle of the opening axis of the air film through hole 11 is 30 to 60 degrees, the ratio of the depth of the air film through hole 11 to the diameter of the air film through hole 11 (hereinafter referred to as the aspect ratio) is 5 to 10, and the distance between adjacent air film through holes 11 is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole 11.

[0064] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the diameter of the air film through hole 11 is D = 100 μm, and the angle α between the opening axis of the air film through hole 11 and the horizontal direction is 30°; the depth L of the air film through hole 11 is 5 times the diameter D of the air film through hole 11, that is, 500 μm; the distance △0 between two adjacent air film through holes 11 is 6D, that is, 600 μm.

[0065] It should be noted that the aspect ratio of the air film through hole 11 is not obvious. When the aspect ratio of the air film through hole 11 is too small, the cooperative structure of the air film through hole 11 and the guide groove 12 cannot play an effective air film isolation effect. For example, when the aspect ratio L / D=2.5 (the results are shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown), the metal melt I will flow into the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 and destroy the effect of the guide groove 12. When the aspect ratio is greater than 5, this problem can be effectively avoided.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a feasible structure of the guide groove 12 is further provided. In the direction away from the air film through hole 11, the cross-sectional area of ​​the guide groove 12 gradually decreases, that is, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, on the cross section of the guide groove 12, the horizontal length of the guide groove 12 gradually becomes smaller in the direction away from the air film through hole 11. In specific implementation, after the gas enters the guide groove 12, the reduction in cross-sectional area will lead to an increase in gas flow rate, which helps to improve the gas transfer efficiency and form a continuous and stable high-temperature gas phase layer III.

[0067] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the guide groove 12 is a wedge-shaped guide groove 12, the wide end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 is tangent to the surface of the air film through hole 11, and the right side of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 is the wide end (see Figure 3 ), the surface on the right side of the wide end is tangent to the right side surface of the air film through hole 11; the angle between the narrow end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 and the upper surface of the base 10 is 0-5°; the left side of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 is the narrow end (see Figure 3), the left side of the narrow end is an arc-shaped surface that smoothly transitions to the upper surface of the substrate 10, and the angle between the chord of the arc-shaped surface and the upper surface of the substrate 10 is 0 to 5°; the right side of the narrow end is a raised pointed structure, and the angle between the lower surface of the raised pointed structure and the upper surface of the substrate 10 is 0 to 5°. The gap between the arc-shaped surface and the pointed structure forms a narrow end. In specific implementation, when the gas flows out from the air film through hole 11, it will flow along the tangential direction of the wide end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12. This tangential flow mode can effectively reduce the vertical disturbance of the airflow, such as unstable factors such as reflection and eddy current. When the gas flows outward along the narrow end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12, it will form multiple layers of horizontal laminar flow with an angle of 0 to 5°. The horizontal laminar flow forms a stacked arrangement like bird feathers and fish scales, which is conducive to the continuous and stable generation of high-temperature gas phase layer III.

[0068] Based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the guide groove 12, in one embodiment, the groove direction angle of the guide groove 12 is 30 to 60 degrees, the height H of the guide groove 12 is 1 to 2 times the diameter of the air film through hole 11, and the distance between adjacent guide grooves 12 is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole 11.

[0069] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the height of the guide groove 12 is H=1.25D, where D is the diameter of the air film through hole 11, 100 μm, i.e. 125 μm, and the spacing between two adjacent guide grooves 12 is △=6D, i.e. 600 μm; the width of the guide groove 12 is W=3D, i.e. 300 μm.

[0070] It should be pointed out that the parameters of the guide groove 12 proposed in this embodiment can cooperate with the air film through hole 11 to play a synergistic role, avoiding the problem that the metal melt I flows into the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 and damages the guide groove 12.

[0071] In a specific embodiment, a feasible method for using an inert gas is further provided. The temperature of the inert gas is greater than the temperature of the metal melt I. The inert gas is an inert gas that does not react with the metal melt I. Since the metal melt I will react with certain gases to form impurities, the gas source gas needs to use an inert gas that does not react with the metal melt I.

[0072] In this embodiment, the inlet temperature of the inert gas is higher than the temperature of the metal melt I, the inlet flow rate of the inert gas is 32 L / min, and the inert gas is argon to prevent the gas from reacting with the metal melt I and affecting the isolation effect.

[0073] Based on the above method, this embodiment provides an application device of the water-guided laser-based bionic structure, namely, a metal melt transfer device, wherein the water-guided laser-based bionic structure is applied to the metal melt transfer device, including:

[0074] A shell 2 for allowing the metal melt to flow;

[0075] The bionic structure 1 of the above embodiment is arranged in the housing 2, and an air chamber 3 is formed between the bionic structure 1 and the bottom surface of the housing 2;

[0076] Air pump, the air pump is an adjustable flow type air pump;

[0077] The gas source is connected to the gas chamber 3 through an air pump, and the gas supply temperature of the gas source is higher than the temperature of the metal melt I.

[0078] During the working process of this embodiment, Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the air pump pumps the gas from the gas source into the air chamber 3, wherein the temperature of the pumped gas is higher than the temperature of the metal melt I. The gas in the air chamber 3 passes into the air film through hole 11 of the bionic structure 1, and then passes into the guide groove 12, and finally forms a high-temperature gas phase layer III on the upper surface of the bionic structure 1. When the metal melt I flows in the shell 2, the high-temperature gas phase layer III on the bionic structure 1 can form an insulating steam layer, which effectively prevents the direct contact between the metal melt I and the solid surface, thereby avoiding the agglomeration and adhesion problems of the metal melt I caused by temperature difference and friction resistance.

[0079] Compared with the existing technology, it is difficult to achieve the Leidenfrost effect in the existing technology due to the high boiling point of the metal melt I and the limitations of heating the gap between the pipe and the nozzle; some applications of this scheme, such as introducing the bionic structure 1 into the pipe and the nozzle, can form a continuous and stable high-temperature gas layer III on the outside of the isolated high-temperature metal melt I, thereby realizing the Leidenfrost effect between the metal melt I and the inner wall of the pipe and the nozzle.

[0080] In a specific embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, a feasible structure of the housing 2 is further provided. The housing 2 can be a tube housing 2 or a nozzle housing 2.

[0081] In some applications of this embodiment, the shell 2 is a tube shell 2, and a bionic structure 1 layer is provided on the inner side of the tube shell 2. An air chamber 3 is formed between the tube shell 2 and the bionic structure 1 layer. After high-temperature gas is introduced into the air chamber 3, the high-temperature gas will form a continuous and stable high-temperature gas layer III on the inner side of the bionic structure 1 layer, and the metal melt I in the tube shell 2 will form an insulating steam layer on the high-temperature solid surface.

[0082] In some applications of this embodiment, the shell 2 is a nozzle shell 2, and its basic structure is similar to that when the shell 2 is a tube shell 2, and ultimately the metal melt I in the shell 2 can form an insulating steam layer on the high-temperature solid surface.

[0083] In a specific embodiment, Figure 5As shown, a feasible structure of the air chamber 3 is further provided. The thickness of the air chamber 3 is δ=30D, D is the diameter of the air film through hole 11, which is 100 μm, and the air chamber 3 is connected to the air pump through an air pipe.

[0084] In a specific embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, a feasible structure of the air pump is further provided. The air pump uses an adjustable high-temperature resistant air pump to accurately control the gas flow. During specific implementation, high-temperature gas is introduced into the air chamber 3 by the air pump. By controlling the flow of the air pump, the incident speed of the air flow in the air film through hole 11 can be controlled.

[0085] Among them, the air pump flow rate Q can control the gas flow rate v1 of the gas phase layer III. The air pump flow rate Q is calculated as follows: the flow rate Q1 of each micro-air film hole is equal to the volume V of the gas flowing out of the micro-air film hole per unit time, and the unit is L / min; the volume V of the gas flowing out of the micro-air film hole per unit time is equal to the product of the outflow gas velocity v, time t = 1min, and the cross-sectional area S, and the unit is L. The cross-section is a standard circle, and its area S = πD 2 / 4, D is the diameter of the micro-air film hole, and the number of micro-air film holes n = 180. In summary, the air pump flow rate Q is equal to the product of the flow rate Q1 of each micro-air film hole and the number of micro-air film holes n. After calculation, it is obtained that: Q≈32L / min.

[0086] In a specific embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, a feasible structure of the gas source is further provided, and a pipeline gas heater is connected between the gas outlet pipe of the gas source and the air pump. During specific implementation, the air pump pumps the gas source gas heated by the pipeline gas heater into the air chamber 3, and the blown gas temperature T2 can be adjusted by controlling the set temperature T of the pipeline gas heater.

[0087] It can be seen from the above embodiment that the inert gas in the gas source enters the gas chamber 3 through the tubular gas heater and the air pump at the air pump flow rate Q, and the inert gas in the gas chamber 3 enters the air film through hole 11 and the guide groove 12 at the flow rate Q1 of each fine air film hole to form a high-temperature gas phase layer III (air film).

[0088] In this embodiment, the working environment temperature T e =500℃(773K), gas phase layer III temperature T1 = metal melt I temperature T0 = 300℃(573K), where metal melt I density ρ1 = 7g / cm 3 , the density of inert gas is ρ2=1.78g / cm 3 The solid is a ceramic sheet with a density of 3.7g / cm 3 , under the above parameters, a stable and continuous gas phase layer III can be formed, which effectively plays an isolation role.

[0089] The following is a simulation result. The feasibility is verified through ANSYS Fluent2022b simulation analysis. First, a simplified model of the scheme is established, and then the simplified model is meshed and the mesh of the relevant planes is encrypted to improve the accuracy of the simulation. Finally, it is imported into Fluent for simulation analysis. A reasonable theoretical model is selected and the relevant parameters are set. The simulation results are exported and analyzed. The results are as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0090] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, which is used to prepare the bionic structure 1 of the above embodiment, including the following steps:

[0091] S1, using water-guided laser II to ablate the substrate 10 at a first preset angle to form an air film through hole 11 on the substrate 10;

[0092] S2, moving the water-guided laser II at a first preset interval, and repeating step S1 until a preset number of air film through holes 11 are completed;

[0093] S3, aiming the water-guided laser II at the air film through-holes 11, and ablating the substrate 10 at a preset second angle along the straight line direction of the plurality of air film through-holes 11, so as to form guide grooves 12 on the substrate 10;

[0094] S4, moving the water guide laser II along a direction perpendicular to the guide groove 12 at a second preset interval, and repeating steps S1 to S3 until a preset number of guide grooves 12 are completed.

[0095] During the preparation process of this embodiment, the water-conducting laser II first forms the air film through holes 11 on the substrate 10; then the water-conducting laser II is moved and repeated at a first preset interval to form multiple air film through holes 11 in the same row (column) on the substrate 10; then, the water-conducting laser II is aligned with the air film through holes 11, and the water-conducting laser II is ablated along a preset trajectory, such as the same straight line, to form the guide grooves 12; finally, the water-conducting laser II is moved at a second preset interval in a direction perpendicular to the guide grooves 12, and the above steps are repeated until a preset number of arrays of air film through holes 11 and guide grooves 12 are prepared on the substrate 10.

[0096] In a specific embodiment, before step S1, the process further includes step S0: assembling and debugging the preparation device, and fixing the substrate 10 on the preparation device, such as Figure 7 As shown in (a).

[0097] In one embodiment, step S0 specifically includes the following steps:

[0098] S00, fix the substrate 10 to be processed on the five-axis mobile platform, and accurately adjust the position and angle of the substrate 10 to ensure that the processing area is accurately aligned with the focus of the water-guided laser beam.

[0099] Among them, the five-axis mobile platform is precisely controlled by the PC end, and the angle is changed during the processing of the guide groove 12, so as to process the micron-level air film through hole 11 and the guide groove 12 structure.

[0100] S01, adjust the power of the laser according to the required processing depth and accuracy of the air film through hole 11 and the guide groove 12; adjust the laser processing speed according to the size of the processing area and the required processing accuracy, import the pre-designed processing drawing file, and adjust the laser power of each processing area according to the file.

[0101] In one embodiment, a high-pressure water pump is turned on to provide a stable high-pressure water flow, a laser is started to generate a laser beam, and the laser beam is coupled to the water flow through an optical coupling device to form a water-guided laser beam. After adopting 532nm water-guided laser processing technology, the water-guided laser processing technology reduces thermal effects, improves cutting efficiency, improves surface quality, and enhances material removal efficiency by utilizing the cooling and protective effects of water, thereby improving processing accuracy and speed as well as efficient and repeatable operating characteristics. It can accurately process the required wedge-shaped guide groove 12 and fine air film pore structure, providing a reliable preparation method for realizing this key technology.

[0102] In this embodiment, the wavelength of the water-guided laser II is 492 to 577 nm, the pulse width of the water-guided laser II is 150 to 160 ns, the power of the water-guided laser II is 40 to 50 W, the frequency of the water-guided laser II is 6 to 7 kHz, the processing speed is 5 to 6 mm / s, and the water pressure of the high-pressure water pump is 15 to 16 MPa.

[0103] In this embodiment, the laser wavelength used in steps S1 to S4 is 532 nm, the laser pulse width is 150 ns, the power of the water-guided laser II is 40 W, the frequency is 6 kHz, the processing speed is 5 mm / s, and the water pressure of the high-pressure water pump is 15 MPa. After importing the processing drawing file, the processing parameters and processing path are set on the PC, and processing is performed through automatic program control.

[0104] In a specific embodiment, Figure 7 As shown in (b), a feasible method for implementing step S1 is further provided, which specifically includes the following steps: using water-conducting laser II to ablate the substrate 10 at a first preset angle to form an air film through hole 11 on the substrate 10, wherein the first preset angle is 30 to 60 degrees, and the first preset angle is greater than or equal to the second preset angle.

[0105] In this embodiment, when processing the air film through hole 11, the processing angle is controlled by a computer, wherein the processing angle is a first preset angle of 60°. During the processing, the five-axis movable platform moves in the z-axis, wherein the processing method is spiral processing, and the remaining parameters are the same as the processing parameters of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12. The diameter D of the processed air film through hole 11 is 100 μm, and the angle α between the opening axis of the air film through hole 11 and the horizontal direction is 30°; the depth of the air film through hole 11 is 5 times the diameter of the air film through hole 11, that is, 500 μm.

[0106] In a specific embodiment, an implementable method of step S2 is further provided, specifically including the following steps: moving the water-conducting laser II at a first preset interval, repeating step S1 until a preset number of air film through holes 11 are completed, wherein the first preset interval is 2 to 10D, D is the diameter of the air film through hole 11, D = 100 μm. In specific implementation, the water-conducting laser II can be arranged along the length direction or width direction of the substrate 10 to process multiple air film through holes 11 with the same interval in the same straight line direction.

[0107] In this embodiment, the first preset interval is Δ=6D, ie, 600 μm.

[0108] In a specific embodiment, Figure 7 As shown in (c), an implementable method of step S3 is further provided, which specifically includes the following steps: aligning the water-conducting laser II with the air film through hole 11, and ablating the substrate 10 with the water-conducting laser II at a preset second angle along the straight direction of the multiple air film through holes 11, so as to form a guide groove 12 on the substrate 10, wherein the second preset angle is 30 to 60 degrees, and the first preset angle is greater than or equal to the second preset angle.

[0109] In this embodiment, when processing the wedge-shaped guide groove 12, the five-axis mobile platform is precisely controlled by a computer, and the processing angle and processing position are controlled under the control of the processing program. The processing angle is a second preset angle of 30°. The height of the specifically processed guide groove 12 is H=1.25D, where D is the diameter of the air film through hole 11 of 100 μm, i.e., 125 μm; the width of the guide groove 12 is W=3D, i.e., 300 μm.

[0110] In a specific embodiment, a method for implementing step S4 is further provided, which specifically includes the following steps: moving the water guide laser II at a second preset interval in a direction perpendicular to the guide groove 12, and repeating steps S1 to S3 until a preset number of guide grooves 12 are completed, such as Figure 7 As shown in (d), the second preset interval is 2 to 10D, and D is the diameter of the air film through hole 11, which is 100 μm.

[0111] In this embodiment, the second preset interval is Δ=6D, ie, 600 μm.

[0112] It should be noted that the processing from step S1 to step S4 is all under the precise control of the computer control system, which adjusts the relative position between the processing platform and the water-guided laser beam, and uses the appropriate processing parameters mentioned above to process each part, thereby effectively manufacturing the micron-level guide groove 12 and air film through hole 11 structure. In addition, during the processing, the processing parameters and the quality of the processed surface are monitored in real time to ensure that the processing accuracy and surface quality meet the requirements.

[0113] In a specific embodiment, step S4 further includes the following steps: after the processing is completed, the laser and the high-pressure water pump are turned off, and the processed ceramic plate is removed from the fixture for subsequent inspection and processing.

[0114] See also Figure 9 This embodiment provides a bionic structure preparation device based on water-guided laser, which is used to perform the preparation method of the above embodiment to prepare the bionic structure 1 of the above embodiment, including:

[0115] Control terminal 4, including computer 40 and motion controller 41;

[0116] A five-axis workbench 5 is connected to the control terminal 4 by signal, and is used to control the processing position of the substrate 10;

[0117] Among them, the five-axis workbench 5 includes three linear axes (X, Y, Z) and two rotation axes (A, B or A, C). The three linear axes enable the water-guided laser to move along three linear directions (usually left and right, front and back, and up and down); the two rotation axes (A, B or A, C) turntable provides two rotational degrees of freedom, which are usually used to adjust the spatial direction of the workpiece to achieve complex angle processing; A-axis: rotates around the X-axis, and the angle range is usually ±90° or more; B-axis: rotates around the Y-axis, and the angle range is generally ±90° or more; C-axis: rotates around the Z-axis, and the angle range can reach 360°.

[0118] A water-guided laser processing system 6 is connected to the control terminal 4 by signal transmission, and includes a laser 60, a CCD camera 61, and an optical assembly 62. The optical assembly 62 includes a beam splitter 620, a focusing lens assembly 621, a coupling cavity 622, and a beam expander and collimator lens assembly 623. The light source of the laser 60 is introduced into the optical system via an optical fiber and sequentially incident on the beam expander and collimator lens assembly 623, the beam splitter 620, the focusing lens assembly 621, and the coupling cavity 622. The light source of the CCD camera 61 sequentially illuminates the focusing lens assembly 621 and the coupling cavity 622.

[0119] Water supply system 7, the water supply system 7 is coupled to the water guide processing system 6 through a coupling cavity 622;

[0120] Air supply system 8, which cooperates with water supply system 7.

[0121] During the working process of this embodiment, the control terminal 4 is used to control the operation of the five-axis workbench 5, the water-guided laser processing system 6, and the water supply system 7 to execute the preparation method of the above embodiment and obtain the bionic structure 1 of the above embodiment.

[0122] In summary, compared with the existing technology, the present invention combines the Leidenfrost effect, water-guided laser technology and simulation optimization to design a collaborative structure of micron-scale laminated wedge-shaped guide grooves 12 and micron-scale air film through holes 11, innovatively solving the key problem of high-temperature metal melt I transfer, and providing a new preparation method for the isolation of high-temperature metal melt I. The promotion and application of this structure, metal melt transfer device and preparation method will bring significant economic benefits and technological progress to related industrial fields.

[0123] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0124] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can, for example, be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0125] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

Claims

1. The bionic structure based on water-guided laser is characterized by: including substrate; The substrate is provided with a plurality of micron-sized air film through holes and a plurality of micron-sized flow guide grooves; The plurality of air film through holes are arranged in an array on the substrate, and the plurality of air film through holes are used to introduce an inert gas having a temperature higher than that of the metal melt; The plurality of guide grooves are all located on the upper surface of the base, are arranged along the same axial direction, the groove directions of the guide grooves are inclined to the surface of the base, and the same guide groove is connected to the plurality of air film through holes.

2. The bionic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The opening axis of the air film through hole is inclined to the surface of the substrate, and the opening axis of the air film through hole is in the same inclination direction as the opening axis of the guide groove.

3. The bionic structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the opening axis of the air film through hole is 30 to 60 degrees, the ratio of the depth of the air film through hole to the diameter of the air film through hole is 5 to 10, and the distance between adjacent air film through holes is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole.

4. The bionic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the guide groove gradually decreases in a direction away from the air film through hole.

5. The bionic structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide groove is a wedge-shaped guide groove, the wide end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove is tangent to the surface of the air film through hole, and the angle between the narrow end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove and the upper surface of the base is 0-5 degrees.

6. The bionic structure according to any one of claims 1, 4 and 5, characterized in that: The guide groove has an opening direction angle of 30 to 60 degrees, the height of the guide groove is 1 to 2 times the diameter of the air film through hole, and the distance between adjacent guide grooves is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole.

7. The application method of the bionic structure based on water-guided laser is characterized by: A device for transferring molten metal employing the bionic structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: connecting the plurality of air film through holes to the air chamber; An inert gas is introduced into the gas chamber to form a continuous and stable gas phase layer on the upper surface of the bionic structure, wherein the temperature of the inert gas is higher than the temperature of the metal melt.

8. An application device of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, characterized in that: The application method according to claim 7 is applied, comprising: A shell for the flow of molten metal; The bionic structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bionic structure is arranged in the shell, and an air chamber is formed between the bionic structure and the bottom surface of the shell; An air pump, wherein the air pump is an adjustable flow type air pump; An air source is connected to the air chamber via the air pump, and the air supply temperature of the air source is higher than the temperature of the metal melt.

9. A method for preparing a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, characterized in that: The method for preparing the bionic structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: S1, using a water-guided laser to ablate a substrate at a first preset angle to form air film through holes on the substrate; S2, moving the water-guided laser at a first preset interval, and repeating step S1 until a preset number of the air film through holes are completed; S3, aiming a water-guided laser at the air film through-holes, and ablating the substrate at a second preset angle along a straight line direction where the plurality of air film through-holes are located, so as to form guide grooves on the substrate; S4, moving the water guide laser at a second preset interval along a direction perpendicular to the guide groove, and repeating steps S1 to S3 until a preset number of the guide grooves are completed.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first preset angle is 30 to 60 degrees, the second preset angle is 30 to 60 degrees, and the first preset angle is greater than or equal to the second preset angle; the wavelength of the water-guided laser is 492 to 577 nm, the pulse width of the water-guided laser is 150 to 160 ns, the power of the water-guided laser is 40 to 50 W, the frequency of the water-guided laser is 6 to 7 kHz, the processing speed is 5 to 6 mm / s, and the water pressure of the water pump is 15 to 16 MPa.

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