An integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device and method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of fuel cell technology and discloses an integrated complex organic matter-directed ethanol fermentation device and method. It includes a water tank with a first reaction chamber. The wall of the first reaction chamber is lined with a permeable membrane. An anode carbon brush with a biofilm attached is located within the first reaction chamber. An anode carbon cloth electrode and a mesh cathode are sequentially arranged around the outer periphery of the first reaction chamber. The anode carbon cloth electrode is coated with a yeast biofilm. The water tank also has an inlet and an outlet. When the load is connected to the anode carbon brush and mesh cathode, the anode carbon brush, permeable membrane, mesh cathode, and load together constitute a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell structure. When the load is connected to the anode carbon cloth electrode and mesh cathode, the anode carbon cloth electrode, mesh cathode, and load together constitute a single-chamber microbial fuel cell structure. This invention solves the problem of the difficulty in the targeted recycling of organic resources, realizing the targeted ethanol fermentation of complex organic matter and the recovery of electrical energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fuel cell technology, specifically relating to an integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device and a directional ethanol fermentation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, organic matter in wastewater is primarily removed from the sewage as CO2 after being utilized by microorganisms. However, this process generates substantial carbon emissions, and CO2, as a greenhouse gas, poses a significant threat to the environment, which is highly inconsistent with current carbon emission requirements. Furthermore, the conversion of organic matter into CO2 requires a large supply of oxygen, which is difficult to achieve naturally and usually necessitates the use of mechanical equipment, thus leading to high treatment costs and resource waste.

[0003] The resource utilization of organic matter still relies primarily on methane fermentation. However, methane fermentation typically requires a high COD load, significantly reducing the utilization efficiency of organic matter and generating substantial waste residue. Methane gas is flammable and explosive, posing high requirements for its storage and transportation, and correspondingly increasing costs. Therefore, finding a new type of recycled product is urgently needed.

[0004] Ethanol has a wide range of applications, including industry, medicine, and video production. It is easier to store and transport, and its cost is relatively low. Currently, most ethanol production is industrial synthesis, resulting in high production costs. Research on bioethanol has been progressing rapidly in recent years, but its applications remain relatively narrow. Therefore, developing a widely applicable bioethanol fermentation technology remains a challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the high carbon emissions from wastewater treatment, this invention proposes an integrated directional ethanol fermentation device and method for complex organic matter. This invention utilizes activated sludge and yeast to convert complex organic matter into ethanol, generating electrons that are transferred from the anode to the cathode through electrodes to produce electrical energy. The electrons enter the cathode and are utilized by hydrogen ions to produce hydrogen gas, thus realizing the directional ethanol fermentation of complex organic matter.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] An integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device includes a water tank, a first reaction chamber in the water tank, a permeable membrane on the wall of the first reaction chamber, an anode carbon brush in the first reaction chamber with a biofilm attached to the anode carbon brush, an anode carbon cloth electrode in the water tank on the outer periphery of the first reaction chamber with a yeast biofilm attached to the anode carbon cloth electrode, a mesh cathode in the water tank on the outer periphery of the anode carbon cloth electrode, and an inlet and an outlet in the water tank.

[0008] The integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device also includes a load. When the two poles of the load are connected to the anode carbon brush and the mesh cathode respectively, the anode carbon brush, the permeation membrane, the mesh cathode and the load together constitute a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell structure. When the two poles of the load are connected to the anode carbon cloth electrode and the mesh cathode respectively, the anode carbon cloth electrode, the mesh cathode and the load together constitute a single-chamber microbial fuel cell structure.

[0009] Preferably, the first reaction chamber has a bottom wall and a side wall, and the bottom wall and / or side wall of the first reaction chamber are provided with through holes, and the permeation membrane is disposed at the through holes.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom wall and / or side wall of the first reaction chamber are made of a mesh framework, and the permeation membrane is disposed on the mesh framework.

[0011] Preferably, both the anode carbon cloth electrode and the mesh cathode are annular in shape, with the anode carbon cloth electrode fitted around the outer periphery of the first reaction chamber and the mesh cathode fitted around the outer periphery of the anode carbon cloth electrode.

[0012] Preferably, an electrode support is fixedly installed on the top of the water tank, and the anode carbon brush, the first reaction chamber, the anode carbon cloth electrode and the mesh cathode are all connected to the electrode support.

[0013] Preferably, the water tank is also equipped with a pH meter.

[0014] Preferably, a stirring device is provided in the water tank below the anode carbon brush, the first reaction chamber, the anode carbon cloth electrode, and the mesh cathode.

[0015] Preferably, the permeation membrane is a nitrocellulose semipermeable membrane.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for directional ethanol fermentation based on the integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device described above, comprising:

[0017] The dual-chamber microbial fuel cell structure adopts a batch operation during operation, sending wastewater containing organic matter into the first reaction chamber, which serves as the anode reaction zone. The wastewater level is kept above the anode carbon brush, and inhibitors are added to the anode reaction zone.

[0018] The single-chamber microbial fuel cell structure operates in a batch process, with acidic electrolyte solution entering the water tank through the inlet. The part of the water tank located outside the first reaction chamber serves as the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone. The level of the acidic electrolyte solution is kept above the anode carbon cloth electrode and copper mesh electrode. Acidic solution is added to the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone to control the pH at 4.5-5.5.

[0019] When the anode carbon brush and mesh cathode are electrically connected to the load respectively, during the operation of the dual-chamber microbial fuel cell structure, in the anode reaction zone, organic matter loses electrons and is converted into monosaccharides and pyruvic acid under the combined action of the biofilm and inhibitors attached to the anode carbon brush, thus realizing the conversion of organic matter. The generated monosaccharides and pyruvic acid enter the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone through the permeation membrane, and the treated wastewater is discharged from the anode reaction zone.

[0020] When the anode carbon cloth electrode and the copper mesh cathode are electrically connected to the load respectively, during the operation of the single-chamber microbial fuel cell structure, in the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone, the monosaccharides and pyruvic acid that permeate from the anode reaction zone are converted into ethanol by the yeast. The generated electrons reach the mesh cathode through the external circuit, and the product ethanol after the reaction is discharged from the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone.

[0021] On the mesh cathode, the mesh cathode receives electrons generated during the process of converting organic matter into ethanol. Hydrogen ions in the solution use these electrons to convert into hydrogen gas. During the directional ethanol fermentation of organic matter, the ions can also pass through the permeation membrane to maintain the charge balance between the reaction zone and the anode reaction zone of the single-chamber fuel cell.

[0022] Preferably, the biofilm attached to the anode carbon brush is activated sludge, which is acclimated to organic matter and then starved to attach to the biofilm, with a microbial dry weight concentration of 6.0-10.0 mg / mL.

[0023] The biofilm attached to the anode carbon cloth electrode is yeast, which is obtained from pure culture and added in the form of bacterial suspension. It can autonomously attach to the biofilm. The addition amount is 1 mL / L of bacterial suspension, and the dry weight bacterial concentration is 3.9-4.0 mg / mL.

[0024] The pH in the reaction zone of a single-chamber fuel cell is controlled by using 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution and 0.1 mol / L HCl solution;

[0025] In a single-chamber fuel cell, osmotic pressure balance of the cells is maintained by adding 0.15 mol / L NaCl and 2.7 mmol / L KCl to the cathode solution in the reaction zone.

[0026] The organic matter includes polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins, and the organic matter includes kitchen wastewater and food industry wastewater;

[0027] The power-consuming matrix in the anode reaction zone includes an acidic solution, which includes pickling wastewater.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device of this invention has an inlet and an outlet on the water tank within the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone. During operation, wastewater containing organic matter is sent to the anode reaction zone, ensuring the wastewater level is higher than the anode carbon brush. Inhibitors are then added to the anode reaction zone. Electrolyte solution enters the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone through the inlet, ensuring the acidic electrolyte solution level is higher than the anode carbon cloth electrode and copper mesh electrode. Simultaneously, an acidic solution is added to the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone to control the pH at 4.5-5.5. The anode carbon brush and mesh cathode are electrically connected to the load. During the operation of the dual-chamber microbial fuel cell, in the anode reaction zone, organic matter loses electrons and is converted into monosaccharides and pyruvate under the combined action of activated sludge and inhibitors, achieving the conversion of complex organic matter. The generated monosaccharides and pyruvate enter the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone through a permeation membrane, and the treated water is discharged from the anode reaction zone. By electrically connecting the anode carbon cloth electrode and the mesh cathode to the load, during the operation of the single-chamber microbial fuel cell, monosaccharides and pyruvate from the anode reaction zone are converted into ethanol by yeast in the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone. The generated electrons reach the mesh cathode through the external circuit, and the ethanol product is discharged from the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone through the outlet. On the mesh cathode, the cathode electrode receives electrons generated during the conversion of complex organic matter into ethanol, and hydrogen ions in the solution are converted into hydrogen gas using these electrons. During the directional ethanol fermentation of complex organic matter, ions can also pass through the permeable membrane to maintain the charge balance between the electrode chambers (i.e., the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone and the anode reaction zone). Through the above, the directional ethanol fermentation device of the present invention can generate electricity from complex organic matter and realize the conversion of complex organic matter into ethanol. The directional ethanol fermentation device of the present invention can convert complex organic matter into ethanol and generate electricity, reducing carbon emissions.

[0030] As can be seen from the effects of the directional ethanol fermentation device of the present invention, the directional ethanol fermentation method of the present invention can realize the conversion of complex organic matter into ethanol, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and realize resource recycling; in the process of removal, it can also generate electricity, and the generated electricity can be reused, thus having the characteristics of economy and environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view;

[0033] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Longitudinal section view;

[0034] In the diagram: 1-Load, 2-pH meter, 3-Anode carbon brush, 4-Electrode support, 5-Permeable membrane, 6-Anode reaction zone, 7-Anode carbon cloth electrode, 8-Mesh cathode, 9-Water tank, 10-Single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone, 11-Outlet, 12-Inlet, 13-Stirring device, 14-Outlet pump, 15-Dosing pump, 16-Inlet pump. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified or conflicting, the preferred embodiments can be combined arbitrarily.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 The integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device of this embodiment includes an anode reaction zone 6 and a single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10. The anode reaction zone 6 and the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10 are respectively filled with a power-generating substrate and a power-consuming substrate. The power-generating substrate includes industrial wastewater containing complex organic matter (such as at least one of polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins), such as kitchen wastewater and food industry wastewater. The power-consuming substrate is an acidic solution, including pickling wastewater. For details, see [link to documentation]. Figures 1-3The integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device includes a water tank 9, which houses a first reaction chamber. The internal region of the first reaction chamber is the anode reaction zone 6. The first reaction chamber is cylindrical in shape, and its bottom and side walls are constructed with a mesh framework. A permeable membrane 5 is wrapped around the bottom and side walls of the first reaction chamber. The permeable membrane 5 is used for mass exchange between the anode reaction zone 6 and the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10. The area enclosed by the permeable membrane 5 is the anode reaction zone 6, and the area outside the permeable membrane 5 in the water tank 9 is the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10. An anode carbon brush 3 with a biofilm is located at the center of the first reaction chamber. An anode carbon cloth electrode 7 with a yeast biofilm is located on the outer periphery of the first reaction chamber in the water tank 9. A mesh cathode 8 with anode carbon cloth electrode 7 and a mesh cathode 8 are located on the outer periphery of the anode carbon cloth electrode 7 in the water tank 9. Both the anode carbon cloth electrode 7 and the mesh cathode 8 are annular in shape. The anode carbon cloth electrode 7 is fitted around the outer periphery of the first reaction chamber, and the mesh cathode 8 is fitted around the outer periphery of the anode carbon cloth electrode 7. The first reaction chamber, the anode carbon cloth electrode 7, and the mesh cathode 8 are arranged at equal intervals. The bottom of the water tank 9 is also provided with an inlet 12 and an outlet 11. The inlet 12 is responsible for introducing the acidic solution into the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10, and the outlet 11 is responsible for discharging the reaction products from the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10. The top of the water tank 9 is provided with a sealing cover, and an electrode support 4 is fixed on the sealing cover. The electrode support 4 is in a cross shape. The anode carbon brush 3, the first reaction chamber, the anode carbon cloth electrode 7, and the mesh cathode 8 are all connected to the electrode support 4. A pH meter 2 is installed on the sealing cover. A dosing pump 15 is also installed on the water tank 9 in the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10. A stirring device 13 is provided in the water tank 9 below the anode carbon brush 3, the first reaction chamber, the anode carbon cloth electrode 7, and the mesh cathode 8. The first reaction chamber is also equipped with an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the first reaction chamber is connected to the inlet pump 16, and the outlet of the first reaction chamber is connected to the outlet pump 14. The inlet pump 16 is responsible for introducing wastewater into the anode reaction zone 6, and the outlet pump 14 is responsible for discharging the water after reaction in the anode reaction zone 6. The anode carbon brush 3, the permeable membrane 5, the anode carbon cloth electrode 7, and the copper mesh cathode occupy 2 / 3 of the height of the water tank. This integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device also includes a load 1. When the two electrodes of the load 1 are connected to the anode carbon brush 3 and the mesh cathode 8 respectively, the anode carbon brush 3, the permeable membrane 5, the mesh cathode 8, and the load 1 together constitute a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell structure; when the two electrodes of the load 1 are connected to the anode carbon cloth electrode 7 and the mesh cathode 8 respectively, the anode carbon cloth electrode 7, the mesh cathode 8, and the load 1 together constitute a single-chamber microbial fuel cell structure. The two sets of microbial fuel cells share a cathode, constituting the integrated microbial fuel cell device of this embodiment.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3The anode carbon brush 3 of this invention has a test tube brush shape. This electrode is immersed below the substrate liquid surface and fixed to the electrode support 4. The biofilm on this electrode is activated sludge. Specifically, the activated sludge is acclimated from complex organic matter and then subjected to starvation biofilm formation, with a microbial concentration of 6.0-10.0 mg / mL (dry weight). The upper part of the first reaction chamber is open, and the first reaction chamber and the permeable membrane 5 are at least 20 mm above the substrate liquid surface. The mesh cathode 8 uses a copper mesh electrode. The anode carbon cloth electrode 7 and the copper mesh electrode have a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom. The upper ends of the anode carbon cloth electrode 7 and the copper mesh electrode are immersed below the substrate liquid surface and fixed to the electrode support 4. The biofilm on the anode carbon cloth electrode 7 is yeast, which is obtained from pure culture and added in the form of a bacterial suspension for autonomous biofilm formation. The addition amount is 1 mL / L of bacterial suspension, with a bacterial concentration of 3.9-4.0 mg / mL (dry weight). In this embodiment of the invention, the device structure has a height-to-diameter ratio of 1.5:1, with the internal electrodes and permeable membrane scaled down proportionally.

[0038] In the above-described scheme of the present invention, the permeation membrane 5 is a nitrocellulose semi-permeable membrane, through which glucose and pyruvate can enter the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10.

[0039] The method for directional ethanol fermentation of complex organic matter in this embodiment is carried out using the aforementioned integrated directional ethanol fermentation apparatus for complex organic matter, and the process is as follows:

[0040] Step 1: The dual-chamber microbial fuel cell process adopts a continuous batch operation. Wastewater containing complex organic matter is introduced into the anode reaction zone 6 through the inlet pump 16, so that the liquid level of the wastewater containing complex organic matter is higher than the anode carbon brush 3 and does not exceed the top of the permeation membrane 5. At the same time, inhibitors are added to the anode reaction zone 6.

[0041] The single-chamber microbial fuel cell process adopts a batch operation. The electrolyte solution is pumped from the inlet 12 into the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10, so that the liquid level of the acidic electrolyte solution is higher than the anode carbon cloth electrode 7 and the mesh cathode 8 and the liquid level is the same as the liquid level of the anode reaction zone 6, and does not exceed the top of the permeation membrane 5 and the skeleton. At the same time, acidic solution is added to the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10 to control the pH at 4.5-5.5.

[0042] Step 2: Connect the anode carbon brush 3 and the copper mesh cathode to the load 1 respectively. During the operation of the dual-chamber microbial fuel cell, in the anode reaction zone 6, complex organic matter loses electrons and is converted into monosaccharides and pyruvic acid under the combined action of activated sludge and inhibitors, thus realizing the conversion of complex organic matter. The generated monosaccharides and pyruvic acid enter the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10 through the permeation membrane 5. The treated water is discharged from the anode reaction zone 6 by the outlet pump 14.

[0043] When the anode carbon cloth electrode 7 and the copper mesh cathode are electrically connected to the load 1 respectively, during the operation of the single-chamber microbial fuel cell, in the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10, the monosaccharides and pyruvic acid from the anode reaction zone 6 are converted into ethanol by the yeast. The generated electrons reach the copper mesh cathode through the external circuit, and the product ethanol after the reaction is discharged from the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10 through the outlet 11.

[0044] On the copper mesh cathode, the cathode electrode receives electrons generated during the conversion of complex organic matter into ethanol, and hydrogen ions in the solution utilize these electrons to convert into hydrogen gas. During the directed ethanol fermentation of complex organic matter, ions can also pass through the permeable membrane to maintain the charge balance between the electrode chambers.

[0045] Example

[0046] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the anode carbon brush 3 and the anode carbon cloth electrode 7 are connected to the load 1 by wires, and then the load R1 is connected to the mesh cathode 8 by wires.

[0047] In this embodiment of the integrated fuel cell device, the dimensions and proportions of each component can be set according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, the height-to-diameter ratio (i.e., the ratio of the height to the diameter of the water tank 9) of the device is 1.5:1. The height-to-diameter ratio of the internal anode carbon cloth electrode 7, the permeable membrane 5, and the copper mesh cathode is also 1.5:1. The length of the anode carbon brush 3 is at least 30 mm shorter than the height of the permeable membrane 5. The anode carbon brush 3, the anode carbon cloth electrode 7, and the copper mesh electrode are all immersed below the substrate liquid surface. The permeable membrane 5 is at least 20 mm above the substrate liquid surface. The anode carbon brush 3, the anode carbon cloth electrode 7, the permeable membrane 5, and the mesh cathode 8 are all fixed on the electrode support 4. A stirring device 13 is provided at the bottom of the device. The inlet 12 and the outlet 11 are located 20 mm from the bottom of the device. The pipe ports connected to the inlet pump 16 and the outlet pump 14 are 10 mm from the bottom of the permeable membrane. The biofilm attached to the anode carbon brush 3 is activated sludge, and the biofilm attached to the anode carbon cloth electrode 7 is yeast. Through experimentation, the above-mentioned dimensions and proportions have been found to effectively achieve the experimental objectives of this invention.

[0048] In this embodiment, the integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device is made of plexiglass, and its working process is as follows:

[0049] The dual-chamber microbial fuel cell process employs a batch operation, where wastewater containing complex organic matter is pumped into the anode reaction zone 6 via inlet pump 16. The level of the wastewater containing complex organic matter is higher than the anode carbon brush 3 but does not exceed the top of the permeate membrane and framework 5. Simultaneously, inhibitors are added to the anode reaction zone 6. The single-chamber microbial fuel cell process also employs a batch operation, where the electrolyte solution is pumped into the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10 via inlet 12. The level of the acidic electrolyte solution is higher than the anode carbon cloth electrode 7 and copper mesh electrode, and level with the liquid level in the anode reaction zone 6, again not exceeding the top of the permeate membrane 5 and framework. Simultaneously, an acidic solution is added to the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10, controlling the pH to be between 4.5 and 5.5. When the anode carbon brush 3 and the mesh cathode 8 are electrically connected to the load 1, in the dual-chamber microbial fuel cell process, in the anode reaction zone 6, complex organic matter loses electrons and is converted into monosaccharides and pyruvate under the combined action of activated sludge and inhibitors, thus realizing the conversion of complex organic matter. The generated monosaccharides and pyruvate enter the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10 through the permeation membrane 5, and the treated water is discharged from the anode reaction zone 6 by the outlet pump 14. When the anode carbon cloth electrode 7 and the copper mesh cathode are electrically connected to the load 1, in the single-chamber microbial fuel cell process, in the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10, the monosaccharides and pyruvate from the anode reaction zone 6 are converted into ethanol under the action of yeast. The generated electrons reach the copper mesh cathode through the external circuit, and the product ethanol is discharged from the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10 through the outlet 11. On the copper mesh cathode, the cathode electrode receives electrons generated in the process of converting complex organic matter into ethanol, and hydrogen ions in the solution use these electrons to convert into hydrogen gas. In the process of directional ethanol fermentation of complex organic matter, ions can also pass through the permeation membrane to maintain the charge balance between the electrode chambers.

[0050] In this embodiment, the entire device operates for 3 days. At the beginning of each cycle, lost yeast cells are replenished with a 0.5 mL / L bacterial suspension, with a concentration of 3.9-4.0 mg / mL (dry weight). The pH adjustment solutions in the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone 10 are 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution and 0.1 mol / L HCl solution, respectively, and a stirring device 13 is installed at the bottom of the device. 0.9% NaCl + 0.02% KCl is added to the cathode solution to maintain the osmotic pressure balance of the cells.

[0051] In summary, this invention can solve the problem of the difficulty in the targeted recycling of organic resources, realize the targeted ethanol fermentation of complex organic matter and the recovery of electrical energy, and has multiple advantages such as economy, environmental protection and resource reuse.

[0052] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device, characterized in that, The system includes a water tank (9), a first reaction chamber, a permeable membrane (5) on the wall of the first reaction chamber, an anode carbon brush (3) in the first reaction chamber, a biofilm attached to the anode carbon brush (3), an anode carbon cloth electrode (7) on the outer periphery of the first reaction chamber in the water tank (9), a yeast biofilm attached to the anode carbon cloth electrode (7), a mesh cathode (8) on the outer periphery of the anode carbon cloth electrode (7) in the water tank (9), and an inlet (12) and an outlet (11) in the water tank (9). It also includes a load (1). When the two poles of the load (1) are connected to the anode carbon brush (3) and the mesh cathode (8) respectively, the anode carbon brush (3), the permeation membrane (5), the mesh cathode (8) and the load (1) together constitute a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell structure. When the two poles of the load (1) are connected to the anode carbon cloth electrode (7) and the mesh cathode (8) respectively, the anode carbon cloth electrode (7), the mesh cathode (8) and the load (1) together constitute a single-chamber microbial fuel cell structure.

2. The integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first reaction chamber has a bottom wall and a side wall. The bottom wall and / or side wall of the first reaction chamber are provided with through holes, and the permeation membrane (5) is disposed at the through holes.

3. The integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom and / or side walls of the first reaction chamber are made of a mesh framework, and the permeation membrane (5) is set on the mesh framework.

4. The integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overall shape of the anode carbon cloth electrode (7) and the mesh cathode (8) is ring-shaped. The anode carbon cloth electrode (7) is fitted around the outer periphery of the first reaction chamber, and the mesh cathode (8) is fitted around the outer periphery of the anode carbon cloth electrode (7).

5. The integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An electrode support (4) is fixedly installed on the top of the water tank (9). The anode carbon brush (3), the first reaction chamber, the anode carbon cloth electrode (7) and the mesh cathode (8) are all connected to the electrode support (4).

6. The integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pH meter (2) is also installed in the water tank (9).

7. The integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A stirring device is provided in the water tank (9) below the anode carbon brush (3), the first reaction chamber, the anode carbon cloth electrode (7) and the mesh cathode (8).

8. The integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permeable membrane (5) is a nitrocellulose semipermeable membrane.

9. A method for directional ethanol fermentation based on the integrated complex organic matter directional ethanol fermentation apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The dual-chamber microbial fuel cell structure adopts a continuous batch operation during operation, sending wastewater containing organic matter into the first reaction chamber, which serves as the anode reaction zone (6), ensuring that the liquid level of the wastewater is not lower than the anode carbon brush (3), and adding inhibitors to the anode reaction zone (6); When the single-chamber microbial fuel cell structure is in operation, it adopts a continuous batch operation. The acidic electrolyte solution is introduced into the water tank (9) from the inlet (12). The part of the water tank (9) located outside the first reaction chamber is used as the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone (10). The liquid level of the acidic electrolyte solution is not lower than the anode carbon cloth electrode (7) and the mesh cathode (8). The acidic solution is added to the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone (10) to control the pH at 4.5-5.

5. When the anode carbon brush (3) and the mesh cathode (8) are electrically connected to the load (1) respectively, during the operation of the dual-chamber microbial fuel cell structure, in the anode reaction zone (6), the organic matter loses electrons and is converted into monosaccharides and pyruvic acid under the combined action of the biofilm and inhibitor attached to the anode carbon brush (3), thus realizing the conversion of organic matter. The generated monosaccharides and pyruvic acid enter the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone (10) through the permeation membrane (5), and the treated wastewater is discharged from the anode reaction zone (6). When the anode carbon cloth electrode (7) and the mesh cathode (8) are electrically connected to the load (1), during the operation of the single-chamber microbial fuel cell structure, in the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone (10), the monosaccharides and pyruvic acid that permeate from the anode reaction zone (6) are converted into ethanol by the yeast. The generated electrons reach the mesh cathode (8) through the external circuit, and the product ethanol after the reaction is discharged from the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone (10). On the mesh cathode (8), the mesh cathode (8) obtains electrons generated in the process of converting organic matter into ethanol. Hydrogen ions in the solution use these electrons to convert into hydrogen gas. In the process of directional ethanol fermentation of organic matter, ions can also pass through the permeation membrane to maintain the charge balance between the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone (10) and the anode reaction zone (6).

10. The method for directional ethanol fermentation according to claim 9, characterized in that: The biofilm attached to the anode carbon brush (3) is activated sludge. The activated sludge is acclimated to organic matter and then starved to attach to the biofilm. The dry weight concentration of the microorganisms is 6.0-10.0 mg / mL. The biofilm attached to the anode carbon cloth electrode (7) is yeast. The yeast is obtained from pure culture and added in the form of bacterial suspension. It can form a biofilm on its own. The amount added is 1 mL / L of bacterial suspension, and the dry weight bacterial concentration is 3.9-4.0 mg / mL. The pH in the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone (10) is controlled by 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution and 0.1 mol / L HCl solution; In the catholyte of the single-chamber fuel cell reaction zone (10), osmotic pressure balance of the cells is maintained by adding 0.15 mol / L NaCl and 2.7 mmol / L KCl. The organic matter includes polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins, and the organic matter includes kitchen wastewater and food industry wastewater; The power-consuming matrix in the anode reaction zone (6) includes an acidic solution, which includes pickling wastewater.

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