Multifunctional efficient fertilizer intensifier and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional efficient fertilizer reinforcing agent and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding diatomite powder into a sodium polyacrylate aqueous solution, stirring at 55-70 DEG C for 1.5-2.5 hours, filtering, drying at 45-75 DEG C, crushing and sieving to obtain carboxylated diatomite powder, 5 L of a sodium polyacrylate aqueous solution is added into every 1 kg of diatomite powder, and the weight of sodium polyacrylate in every liter of water is 20-50 g; the carboxylated diatomite powder and polyvinyl alcohol are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, then water is added, the mixture is stirred for 40-65 minutes at the temperature of 30-55 DEG C, meanwhile, the mixture is irradiated by an ultraviolet lamp, then filtered, dried for 15-20 hours at the temperature of 55-80 DEG C, smashed and sieved, the efficient fertilizer powerful agent is prepared, every 1 kg of carboxylated diatomite powder is mixed with 0.05-0.07 kg of polyvinyl alcohol, and 10-20 L of water is added. The potent agent prepared by the invention not only can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, but also can greatly enhance the soil improvement and growth promotion activity of the microbial agent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of agricultural technology and microbial technology, and specifically relates to a multifunctional and efficient fertilizer enhancer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] my country is a major fertilizer country, with annual production and consumption accounting for more than 20% of the world's total, but the utilization rate of fertilizers is very low. my country's current nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is only 30-35%, 30% lower than the international level. my country's fertilizer application per hectare of crops reaches 506.11 kg, which is 2.05 times that of the United Kingdom, 3.69 times that of the United States, and 9.45 times that of Australia, far higher than the level of developed countries in the world. Every year, 16.5 million tons of nitrogen are lost due to fertilization in the country, causing economic losses of tens of billions of yuan and causing serious three-dimensional environmental pollution from the air to the ground, including soil pollution, air pollution and the decline of agricultural product quality. It is estimated that in 2022, the total nitrogen emissions from agricultural sources will be 2704.6KT, accounting for 57.3% of the emissions. 50%-60% of the nitrogen that is not recycled in farmland during the season enters water bodies and the atmosphere. About 60% of the nitrogen that flows into rivers and lakes comes from fertilizers, which directly leads to eutrophication of water bodies, causing algae growth, water quality deterioration, and the death of aquatic organisms. If it remains in farmland, it will cause the soil to become compacted and hardened, and harmful substances will seriously exceed the standard. If it seeps into the ground, it will cause large-scale nitrate nitrogen exceeding the standard in groundwater.

[0003] Slow-release fertilizer is a kind of fertilizer that releases nutrients slowly and has a long release period. It can meet the growth needs of crops throughout the entire growth period of crops. In recent years, my country's slow-release fertilizers have developed rapidly, mainly adopting two technical routes, namely, micro-dissolving or coating the fertilizer to achieve the slow-release of fertilizer nutrients. Representative products of the former include urea-formaldehyde compounds (UF), and representative products of the latter include sulfur-coated urea (SCU), polymer-coated urea (PCU), etc. However, these methods are complex in process, high in price, and selective in fertilizer types, so there are certain limitations in promotion. There is an urgent need to develop new, green, and universal slow-release fertilizers.

[0004] Microorganisms play an important role in soil ecosystems, not only affecting the structure and function of the soil, but also directly affecting the growth and development of plants. Functional microorganisms refer to microorganisms with specific energy and biological activity. Their metabolites contain chemical substances such as organic acids, which can activate elements such as phosphorus and potassium fixed by the soil, turning ineffective nutrients that cannot be absorbed by crops into absorbable effective nutrients. The secreted metabolites of probiotics can induce plant resistance and improve the ability of crops to resist stress and disease. Therefore, the isolation and screening of beneficial bacteria with wide adaptability, outstanding biological functions, broad-spectrum disease resistance, and phosphorus and potassium solubilization functions, and the preparation of composite bacterial agents through organic compounding can achieve multiple functions such as improving soil, improving crop rhizosphere microbial communities, and improving plant resistance to diseases and insects.

[0005] Microorganisms are inoculated on a carrier, maintaining their highly dense fixation and stable biological activity, and proliferating and utilizing them under suitable conditions. Current immobilization carriers include polysaccharides, polymer gels, fibers, biochar, etc. The most ideal carrier should be non-toxic and harmless to microorganisms, stable performance, durable, and low cost. Developing carrier materials that can fix microorganisms while slowly releasing nutrients after a series of physical and chemical modifications is currently a research hotspot in the agricultural field. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a multifunctional and efficient fertilizer enhancer and a preparation method thereof, a carrier material with both nutrient slow-release and microbial fixation effects, which can not only improve the fertilizer utilization rate but also maximize the activity of the bacterial agent in improving the soil and promoting its vitality.

[0007] According to the above purpose, the first aspect of the present application provides a multifunctional and efficient fertilizer enhancer and a preparation method thereof, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1): adding diatomaceous earth powder to a sodium polyacrylate aqueous solution, stirring at a temperature of 55 to 70° C. for 1.5 to 2.5 hours, filtering out and drying at 45 to 75° C., crushing and sieving to obtain carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder, wherein 5 L of sodium polyacrylate aqueous solution is added to every 1 kg of diatomaceous earth powder, and the weight of sodium polyacrylate in each liter of water is 20 to 50 g;

[0009] Step 2): the carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder is uniformly mixed with polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a mixture, and then water is added, stirred at 30-55° C. for 40-65 minutes, and irradiated with ultraviolet light, then filtered, and dried at 55-80° C. for 15-20 hours, crushed and sieved to prepare a high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer, wherein every 1 kg of carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder is mixed with 0.05-0.07 kg of polyvinyl alcohol, and 10-20 L of water is added.

[0010] Preferably, in step 1), the mesh size of the crushed and sieved product is 150 to 250 meshes.

[0011] Preferably, in step 2), the mesh size of the crushed and sieved material is 150 to 200 meshes.

[0012] Preferably, in step 2), the ultraviolet lamp irradiation time is 4 to 6 hours and the power is 4 to 6W.

[0013] Preferably, the stirring speed is 200-250 rpm; in step 2), the stirring speed is 150-200 rpm.

[0014] The second aspect of the present invention provides a microbial agent, which is obtained by mixing the high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer prepared in the first aspect with a microbial liquid in a ratio of 1:5, drying and then crushing, wherein the microbial liquid is 106 cfu / ml.

[0015] The third aspect of the present invention provides a multifunctional and efficient fertilizer enhancer, which is prepared by the preparation method of the first aspect and is used for farmland crops or vegetables.

[0016] A multi-purpose high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer disclosed in the present application is used, and diatomaceous earth with both nutrient slow-release and microbial fixation functions is used as a carrier material. Since diatomaceous earth has a honeycomb structure, after the surface is modified with carboxyl groups, it can enhance the interaction with microorganisms through adsorption, hydrogen bonding, chelation, etc., and prolong the activity of microorganisms, thereby increasing its soil improvement effect. This can not only improve the fertilizer utilization rate but also maximize the activity of the microbial agent in improving the soil and promoting the activity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0018] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment are only used to schematically illustrate the basic concept of the present invention.

[0019] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with this technology, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size should still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0020] With the goal of producing 2,000 kg of potato tubers per mu, 9-12 kg of pure nitrogen, 3-5 kg ​​of phosphorus, and 20-22 kg of potassium are required.

[0021] The farmers usually use the following fertilizers: urea 15kg / mu + diammonium phosphate 16kg / mu + potassium sulfate 16kg / mu. The potato variety is Qingshu No. 9.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] 2 kg of diatomaceous earth powder (colloidal grade, 150 mesh) was added to 10 L of sodium polyacrylate (20 g / L) aqueous solution, stirred (200 rpm) at 55° C. for 1.5 hours, then filtered out and dried at 45° C. and crushed through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder.

[0024] 2 kg (150 mesh) of carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder was mixed with 0.05 kg of polyvinyl alcohol and added to 10 L of aqueous solution. The mixture was stirred (150 rpm) at 30° C. for 40 minutes and irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp for 4.5 hours at a power of 4.5 W. The mixture was then filtered and dried at 55° C. for 15 hours and crushed through a 150-mesh sieve to prepare a multi-purpose high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer.

[0025] Combine multi-purpose high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer with microbial liquid (10 6 cfu / ml) in a ratio of 1:5, dried and then crushed to obtain a microbial agent.

[0026] Using pure liquid bacterial solution as control and microbial agent as treatment, the microbial content was measured on the plate every week for 3 consecutive weeks. The microbial content is as follows:

[0027] 0 Weeks 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks Comparison <![CDATA[5x10 5 cfu / ml]]> <![CDATA[1.4x10 5 cfu / ml]]> <![CDATA[3.5x10 3 cfu / ml]]> <![CDATA[2.7x10 2 cfu / ml]]> deal with <![CDATA[4.7x10 5 cfu / g]]> <![CDATA[3.8x10 5 cfu / g]]> <![CDATA[1.6x10 5 cfu / g]]> <![CDATA[8.8x10 4 cfu / g]]>

[0028] From the above control description, it can be seen that the content of the bacterial agent will decrease quickly, and the content of microorganisms in the treatment group will decrease slowly, indicating that the carrier of the present application can significantly enhance the activity of microorganisms.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] 3 kg of diatomaceous earth powder (colloidal grade, 180 mesh) was added to 15 L of sodium polyacrylate (30 g / L) aqueous solution, stirred (200 rpm) at 65° C. for 1.5 hours, then filtered out and dried at 60° C. and crushed through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder.

[0031] 3 kg (150 mesh) of carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder was mixed with 0.055 kg of polyvinyl alcohol and added to 12 L of aqueous solution. The mixture was stirred (150 rpm) at 40° C. for 50 minutes and irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp for 5 hours at a power of 5 W. The mixture was then filtered and dried at 65° C. for 15 hours and crushed through a 150-mesh sieve to prepare a multi-purpose high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer.

[0032] Potato plot test: To investigate the synergistic effect of the multi-purpose high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer on fertilizers, three treatment groups and one control group were set up. Control: urea 15kg / mu + diammonium phosphate 16kg / mu + potassium sulfate 16kg / mu; Treatment 1: fertilizer enhancer (2.5kg / mu) + urea 15kg / mu + diammonium phosphate 16kg / mu + potassium sulfate 16kg / mu; Treatment 2: diatomaceous earth alone 2.5kg / mu; Treatment 3: polyvinyl alcohol 0.2kg / mu.

[0033] Plant height(cm) Stem diameter (cm) Chlorophyll Yield (kg / mu) Comparison 71.76 1.24 51.35 1104 Process 1 75.63 1.25 54.38 1163 Process 2 73.94 1.23 52.54 1099 Process 3 73.88 1.24 52.27 1093

[0034] Example 3

[0035] 5 kg of diatomaceous earth powder (colloid grade, 200 mesh) was added to 25 L of sodium polyacrylate (40 g / L) aqueous solution, stirred (250 rpm) at 65° C. for 2 hours, then filtered out and dried at 65° C. and crushed through a 200 mesh sieve to obtain carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder.

[0036] 4 kg (200 mesh) of carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder was mixed with 0.06 kg of polyvinyl alcohol and added into 15 L of aqueous solution, stirred at 45°C (200 rpm) for 60 minutes, and irradiated with ultraviolet light for 5 hours at a power of 5 W, then filtered, dried at 75°C for 20 hours, crushed through a 200 mesh sieve, and prepared into a multi-purpose high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer.

[0037] Potato plot test: To investigate the synergistic effect of the multi-purpose high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer on fertilizers, three treatment groups and one control group were set up. Control: urea 15kg / mu + diammonium phosphate 16kg / mu + potassium sulfate 16kg / mu; Treatment 1: fertilizer enhancer (2.5kg / mu) + urea 15kg / mu + diammonium phosphate 16kg / mu + potassium sulfate 16kg / mu; Treatment 2: diatomaceous earth alone 2.5kg / mu; Treatment 3: polyvinyl alcohol 0.2kg / mu.

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Example 4

[0041] 5 kg of diatomaceous earth powder (colloid grade, 200 mesh) was added to 20 L of sodium polyacrylate (50 g / L) aqueous solution, stirred (250 rpm) at 70° C. for 2.5 hours, then filtered out and dried at 75° C. and crushed through a 250-mesh sieve to obtain carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder.

[0042] 5 kg (250 mesh) of carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder was mixed with 0.07 kg of polyvinyl alcohol and added to 20 L of aqueous solution. The mixture was stirred at 55° C. (200 rpm) for 65 minutes and irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp for 5.5 hours at a power of 5.5 W. The mixture was then filtered and dried at 80° C. for 20 hours. The mixture was crushed and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to prepare a multi-purpose high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer.

[0043] Potato plot test: To investigate the synergistic effect of this multi-purpose and high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer on fertilizers, three treatments were set up: Control: 15kg / mu of urea + 16kg / mu of diammonium phosphate + 16kg / mu of potassium sulfate; Treatment 1: fertilizer enhancer (2.5kg / mu) + 15kg / mu of urea + 16kg / mu of diammonium phosphate + 16kg / mu of potassium sulfate; Treatment 2: 2.5kg / mu of diatomaceous earth alone; Treatment 3: 0.2kg / mu of polyvinyl alcohol.

[0044] Plant height(cm) Stem diameter (cm) Chlorophyll Yield (kg / mu) Comparison 71.76 1.24 51.35 1104 Process 1 77.18 1.34 54.94 1217 Process 2 73.94 1.23 52.54 1099 Process 3 73.88 1.24 52.27 1093

[0045] From the comparison of plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content and potato yield in the above three embodiments, it can be seen that after using the fertilizer enhancer, the indicators such as potato plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll content are all improved, and the yield indicator is the most important. In Example 3, the dosage of fertilizer enhancer and polyvinyl alcohol is not the highest, but the potato yield is the best. This shows that the dosage of the mixed components is lower than that of using them alone, and the effect is better than using them alone.

[0046] The present invention provides a multi-purpose high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer, which is a carrier material with both nutrient slow-release and microbial fixation effects, which can not only improve the fertilizer utilization rate but also maximize the soil improvement and activity-promoting activity of the microbial agent.

[0047] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0048] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multifunctional and efficient fertilizer enhancer, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1): adding diatomaceous earth powder to a sodium polyacrylate aqueous solution, stirring at a temperature of 55 to 70° C. for 1.5 to 2.5 hours, filtering out and drying at 45 to 75° C., crushing and sieving to obtain carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder, wherein 5 L of sodium polyacrylate aqueous solution is added to every 1 kg of diatomaceous earth powder, and the weight of sodium polyacrylate in each liter of water is 20 to 50 g; Step 2): the carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder is uniformly mixed with polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a mixture, and then water is added, stirred at 30-55° C. for 40-65 minutes, and irradiated with ultraviolet light, then filtered, and dried at 55-80° C. for 15-20 hours, crushed and sieved to prepare a high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer, wherein every 1 kg of carboxylated diatomaceous earth powder is mixed with 0.05-0.07 kg of polyvinyl alcohol, and 10-20 L of water is added.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the mesh size of the crushed and sieved material is 150 to 250 meshes.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the mesh size of the crushed and sieved material is 150 to 200 meshes.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the ultraviolet lamp irradiation time is 4 to 6 hours and the power is 4 to 6W.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the stirring speed is 200-250 rpm; in step 2), the stirring speed is 150-200 rpm.

6. A microbial agent, characterized in that: The high-efficiency fertilizer enhancer prepared in claim 1 is mixed with a microbial bacterial solution at a ratio of 1:5, dried and crushed to obtain the microbial agent, wherein the microbial bacterial solution is 10 6 cfu / ml.

7. A multifunctional and efficient fertilizer enhancer prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The multifunctional and efficient fertilizer enhancer is used for farmland crops or vegetables.

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