Insulator umbrella skirt material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of insulator materials, in particular to an insulator umbrella skirt material and a preparation method and application thereof. The insulator umbrella skirt material is composed of an insulator umbrella skirt precursor with a porous pore structure and trichlorosilane colloidal particles grafted in the pore structure, the insulator umbrella skirt material is of a micron porous structure, after the insulator umbrella skirt material is prepared into an insulator umbrella skirt, the porous structure has a remarkable inhibition effect on the flashover process of an insulator along the surface, and the stability of the insulator umbrella skirt material is improved. The flashover strength of the insulator under the conditions of dryness, rainwater, moisture, dirt and the like can be effectively improved; meanwhile, according to the preparation method, after the trichlorosilane colloidal particles with the specific grafting rate are grafted, a nanoscale coarse structure is formed on the pore surface, so that the hydrophobic performance of the sample can be greatly improved while the high flashover performance of the porous sample is kept. And the preparation method and process of the insulator umbrella skirt material or the insulator umbrella skirt are simple, and can be compatible with the manufacturing process of the existing outdoor insulator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of insulator materials, and in particular to an insulator shed material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Overhead transmission lines are one of the most important equipment in the power system, and outdoor insulators, as their core components, have the functions of electrical insulation and fixed support. Composite insulators have the advantages of excellent hydrophobicity, light weight, and high mechanical strength, and have been widely used in recent years. The essence of the transmission line is an insulator-air (solid-gas) composite insulation structure. The difference in dielectric parameters between the solid and gas phases distorts the electric field on the surface of the insulator. The discharge first develops on the surface of the insulator. Therefore, the insulation strength at the interface is much smaller than that of solid and gas, that is, surface flashover is more likely to occur than body breakdown. In addition, outdoor insulators are affected by environmental factors such as rain, moisture and dirt, which further deteriorates the flashover strength and causes the insulator to flash over dirt under the working voltage, indicating that its hydrophobicity is another important property of the insulator. In the statistical survey of insulation failures, the probability of surface flashover of insulators is the highest, which seriously affects the safe and stable operation of high-voltage electrical equipment.

[0003] Scholars at home and abroad have improved the flashover strength in rain, moisture and dirt by constructing superhydrophobic structures on the surface of insulators. Superhydrophobic coatings can be constructed on the surface of insulators by spraying, brushing and other methods, or micro-nano binary rough structures can be printed on the surface of insulators by template method to give insulators superhydrophobic properties.

[0004] CN114316798B discloses a dielectric multifunctional nano coating and its preparation method and application. The method comprises: weighing polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer, placing it in n-hexane and stirring it electrically at room temperature to form a uniform solution; weighing nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, placing them in the solution, stirring at room temperature, and ultrasonically treating them for a certain period of time to finally form a suspension; adding PDMS curing agent to the solution, and continuing ultrasonic treatment for a period of time; pretreating the surface of the substrate with grinding paper; spraying the nano coating: spraying the prepared solution on the substrate; curing the coating sample in a vacuum box at 100°C for 4 hours; changing the mass percentage of nanoparticles, repeating the above steps, and preparing the required concentration gradient nano coatings. When the morphology of the coating in this technical solution is destroyed, the hydrophobicity and flashover strength will be reduced. At the same time, there is no obvious interaction between the organic prepolymer and the inorganic particles, and the inorganic particles are easy to fall off, which will also cause the final material performance to be reduced.

[0005] CN116403788A discloses a method for improving the flashover voltage of a porcelain insulator, which relates to the field of porcelain insulators. The porcelain insulator is placed in a treatment liquid for ultrasonic dipping, and then dried after dipping. The treatment liquid comprises 10-50 parts of base glue, 1-10 parts of modified nano silicon dioxide particles, terminal hydroxyl polydimethylsiloxane, butyl glycidyl ether, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, and 1-8 parts of crosslinking agent. The treatment liquid in this technical solution forms a coating on the surface of the porcelain insulator, and the modified nano-silica particles added therein play a hydrophobic role. Although during long-term use, as microcracks are generated on the coating, the fluorinated polymer emulsion particles coated with paraffin in the modified nano-silica particles continue to form a micro-nano rough structure surface at the cracks, so that the hydrophobic performance continues to be maintained. However, in actual use, the number of microcracks generated and the way in which the rough surface structure is constructed are random and uncertain, which will cause the same coating to have very different hydrophobicities in different environments, ultimately resulting in great instability in the probability of surface flashover of the insulator, seriously affecting the safe and stable operation of high-voltage electrical equipment.

[0006] Based on the above situation, the existing technology does not consider the flashover performance of insulators under dry conditions. Although super-hydrophobic properties are obtained, the dry flashover voltage is reduced; and methods such as coating and template printing only have super-hydrophobic properties on the surface of the insulator, but the mechanical stability of the surface micro-nano binary rough structure is poor. After the surface morphology is destroyed, there are still technical problems that need to be solved urgently, such as poor hydrophobic properties and low flashover strength. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an insulator shed material, which is composed of an insulator shed precursor having a porous pore structure and trichlorosilane colloidal particles grafted into the pore structure, with a grafting rate of 60-100%, and the grafting rate is the ratio of the surface area of ​​the pore structure covered by the trichlorosilane colloidal particles to the surface area of ​​the total pore structure; The pore size of the insulator shed precursor is 1-500 μm, and the porosity is 30-60%; The particle size of the trichlorosilane colloidal particles is 50-400 nm; The flashover voltage of the insulator shed material is 22.9-26.8 kV, and the water contact angle is 146.2-155.0°.

[0008] Furthermore, the insulator shed precursor with a porous structure is prepared from a silicon-containing compound, a curing agent, and a pore-forming agent.

[0009] Furthermore, the silicon-containing compound is one or more of polydimethylsiloxane or addition-type two-component room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the silicon-containing compound to the curing agent is 10:1.

[0011] Furthermore, the curing agent is a curing agent that matches the silicon-containing compound.

[0012] Furthermore, the curing agent is a platinum catalyst or a polydimethylsiloxane curing agent.

[0013] Furthermore, the polydimethylsiloxane curing agent is specifically Dow Corning SYLGARD 184.

[0014] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the silicon-containing compound to the pore-forming agent is 1:(1-8).

[0015] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the silicon-containing compound to the pore-forming agent is preferably 1:(3-5).

[0016] Furthermore, the particle size of the pore-forming agent is 1-500 μm.

[0017] Furthermore, the pore-forming agent is one or more of granulated sugar, cotton sugar, sodium bicarbonate, and polyvinyl alcohol.

[0018] Further, the particle size of the granulated sugar is 200-500 μm; The particle size of the soft sugar is 100-200 μm; The particle size of the sodium bicarbonate is 1-50 μm; The particle size of the polyvinyl alcohol is 1-100 μm.

[0019] Furthermore, the raw material for preparing the trichlorosilane colloidal particles includes trichlorosilane.

[0020] Furthermore, the trichlorosilane includes one or more of octadecyltrichlorosilane, hexadecyltrichlorosilane, tetradecyltrichlorosilane, dodecyltrichlorosilane, decyltrichlorosilane, perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane and perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned insulator shed material, comprising the following steps: Step 1: preparing an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure by using a hard template method; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pore structure of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material.

[0022] Furthermore, the porosity P The following relationship is satisfied with the pore-forming agent content: , In the formula, wis the mass ratio of the insulator shed precursor to the pore-forming agent, is the density of the pore former, is the density of the insulator shed material.

[0023] Furthermore, step 1 includes the following steps: Step 1-1, mixing and stirring the silicon-containing compound, the curing agent, and the pore-forming agent to obtain a mixture; Step 1-2, curing the mixture to obtain a cured product; Step 1-3: placing the solidified body into a solution except for the pore-forming agent, heating it, and then drying it to obtain an insulator shed precursor having a porous pore structure.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 1-1, the silicon-containing compound and the pore-forming agent are first mixed, and after the mixture is uniformly mixed, a curing agent is added to continue the second mixing.

[0025] Furthermore, the first mixing rate is 500 r / min, and the time is 0.5 h, and the second mixing rate is 500 r / min, and the time is 0.5 h.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 1-2, the curing temperature is 100° C. and the curing time is 3 hours.

[0027] Further, in steps 1-3, the solution except the pore-forming agent is water; The heating conditions are: pressure of 0.1MPa-0.48MPa, temperature of 100-150°C, and time of 12h; The drying conditions are: drying temperature is 100°C and drying time is 3h.

[0028] Furthermore, when the pore-forming agent is granulated sugar or cotton sugar, the heating conditions are specifically as follows: in an open environment, the pressure is 0.1 MPa, the temperature is 100° C., and the heating soaking time is 12 h; When the pore-forming agent is sodium bicarbonate or polyvinyl alcohol, the heating conditions are as follows: in a hydrothermal reactor, the pressure is 0.48 MPa, the temperature is 150° C., and the heating soaking time is 12 h; Furthermore, step 2 includes the following steps: Step 2-1, dissolving trichlorosilane in a solvent, and stirring sufficiently to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed precursor prepared in step 1 into the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in the air to allow the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension to undergo hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pore structure of the insulator shed precursor having a porous pore structure, forming trichlorosilane colloidal particles on the pore wall of the pore structure, and obtaining a pre-reacted body; Step 2-4: the pre-reacted body is further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction under drying conditions to obtain the insulator shed material.

[0029] Furthermore, the mass-to-volume ratio of trichlorosilane to the solvent in step 2-1 is 1:10, wherein the unit of mass is g and the unit of volume is mL.

[0030] Furthermore, the solvent in step 2-1 includes one or more of n-hexane and ethyl acetate.

[0031] Furthermore, the temperature of the ultrasound in step 2-2 is room temperature, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 min.

[0032] Furthermore, the insulator shed precursor after the ultrasonic treatment in step 2-3 is left standing in the air for 6 hours, and the humidity of the air is 60-90%.

[0033] Furthermore, the hydrolysis condensation reaction in step 2-3 and step 2-4 is specifically as follows: Si-Cl groups in trichlorosilane react with water molecules in the air to generate Si-OH groups, and then Si-OH groups are polycondensed to form a polymer with Si-O-Si as the main chain; At the same time, in step 2-3, the chlorosilane group (Si-Cl group) of trichlorosilane also undergoes a vinyl silanization reaction with the vinyl group of the insulator shed precursor, so that a stable chemical connection is formed between the trichlorosilane colloidal particles and the insulator shed precursor.

[0034] Furthermore, the drying temperature in step 2-4 is 100° C. and the drying time is 1 hour.

[0035] The present invention also provides an insulator shed, which comprises an insulator core rod and the insulator shed material.

[0036] Furthermore, the insulator shed also includes a sheath and hardware.

[0037] Furthermore, the sheath and the insulator shed are made of the same material.

[0038] The present invention also provides an outdoor high-voltage electric power equipment, which includes the above-mentioned insulator shed.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. An insulator shed material prepared by the present invention, the insulator shed material is composed of an insulator shed precursor with a porous pore structure and trichlorosilane colloidal particles grafted in the pore structure, the grafting rate is 60-100%, and the grafting rate is the ratio of the surface area of ​​the pore structure covered by the trichlorosilane colloidal particles to the surface area of ​​the total pore structure; the pore size of the insulator shed precursor is 1-500 μm, and the porosity is 30-60%; the particle size of the trichlorosilane colloidal particles is 50-400 nm; the flashover voltage of the insulator shed material is 22.9-26.8 kV, and the water contact angle is 146.2-155.0°; The insulator shed material is a micron porous structure. After being prepared into an insulator shed, the porous structure has a significant inhibitory effect on the surface flashover process of the insulator, and can effectively improve the flashover strength of the insulator under dry, rainy, humid and dirty conditions. Among them, in the present invention, the specific mechanism of the porous structure to improve the surface flashover strength includes: the pore structure can capture the electrons generated by the discharge, and the pore wall blocks the electrons from being emitted to the outside, thereby suppressing the secondary electron emission coefficient; the pore wall can block the electron impact ionization process of the surface flashover; the surface charge of the insulator is easy to migrate into the pore, which promotes the dissipation of the surface charge and suppresses the electric field distortion caused by the accumulation of the surface charge; at the same time, in terms of improving the surface flashover strength, the nano-rough morphology formed by the specific trichlorosilane colloidal particles has a certain blocking effect on the development of the streamer, thereby further improving the flashover strength; In addition, the present invention allows trichlorosilane colloidal particles to undergo a vinyl silicification reaction with vinyl groups of an insulator shed precursor through chlorosilane groups (Si-Cl groups) of trichlorosilane, so that a stable chemical connection is formed between the trichlorosilane colloidal particles and the insulator shed precursor. Even in an extreme environment, the performance instability caused by particle shedding in the prior art will not occur. 2. The insulator shed in the prior art does not have excellent super-hydrophobic properties, and the existing coating and template printing methods lose the super-hydrophobic properties after the surface micro-nano binary rough structure is destroyed; however, after the trichlorosilane colloidal particles with a specific grafting rate are grafted using the preparation method of the present invention, a nano-scale rough structure is formed on the surface of the pore structure, so that the porous sample can greatly improve the hydrophobic properties of the sample while maintaining high flashover performance; at the same time, since the body of the insulator shed material prepared by the present invention has hydrophobic properties as a whole, even if the surface structure is destroyed, the internal porous pore structure and the trichlorosilane colloidal particles grafted in the pore structure can still have super-hydrophobic properties, so that the insulator shed prepared by the present invention can maintain good super-hydrophobic properties for a long time in a harsh environment, and also prolong the service life of the insulator shed; 3. According to experimental studies, the insulator shed prepared by the method of the present invention can also improve various properties of the insulator at the same time: such as AC and DC surface flashover strength, super hydrophobic surface, self-cleaning ability and anti-icing performance; 4. The preparation method and process of the insulator shed material or the insulator shed of the present invention are simple, compatible with the existing manufacturing process of outdoor insulators, and the preparation conditions are mild. The pore-forming agents used, such as granulated sugar, cotton sugar, sodium bicarbonate, and polyvinyl alcohol, are all biodegradable raw materials, which are good for the environment and meet the national development needs. 5. In addition, during the preparation process of the insulator shed material of the present invention, the surface flashover and mechanical strength of the insulator shed can be flexibly adjusted by changing the type and content of the pore-forming agent to adapt to different working conditions and environmental requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 is a flashover voltage diagram in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a super-hydrophobic performance test diagram in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a super-hydrophobic performance test diagram in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 A comparison diagram of the flashover voltages in Examples 2 and 3 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a super-hydrophobic performance test diagram in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a pore distribution diagram of the microstructure of the insulator shed material in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a super-hydrophobic performance test diagram in Example 7 of the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of an insulator shed in Embodiment 10 of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is the flashover voltage diagram in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention; Fig.10 This is a test diagram of hydrophobic performance in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention; Fig.11 It is the flashover voltage diagram in comparative example 3 of the present invention; Fig.12 This is a test diagram of hydrophobic performance in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention; Fig.13 It is the flashover voltage diagram in Comparative Example 4 of the present invention; Fig.14 This is a test diagram of hydrophobic performance in Comparative Example 4 of the present invention; The names of the labels in the figure are: 1. Insulator core rod; 2. Insulator shed material; 3. Sheath; 4. Hardware. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Embodiments 1-9 are insulator shed materials and preparation methods thereof; The flashover voltage test method is as follows: according to 1kVs -1 Apply DC voltage at a rising rate of until flashover occurs, record the flashover voltage value, and analyze the flashover voltage using dual-parameter Weibull distribution; The test method for water contact angle is: drop a water drop of about 5 μL on the horizontal surface of the material, and use a JC2000 contact angle meter to explore the hydrophobic properties of the coating surface.

[0042] Example 10 is an insulator shed made using the insulator shed material in Example 1.

[0043] Example 1 This embodiment provides an insulator shed material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure by using a hard template method: Step 1-1, first mix 5g of polydimethylsiloxane and 20g of pore-forming agent granulated sugar (m PDMS / m 砂糖 =1:4) using an electric stirrer for first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, to obtain a mixture; Among them, the particle size of granulated sugar is 200-500 μm; Step 1-2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 1-3, soaking the solidified body in 100° C. hot water at a pressure of 0.1 MPa in an open environment for 12 hours, and then drying the solidified body at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain an insulator shed material precursor having a porous structure; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pores of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material: Step 2-1, dissolving 6 g of hexadecyltrichlorosilane in 60 mL of n-hexane solvent, and mixing the hexadecyltrichlorosilane and the solvent uniformly by electric stirring to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed material precursor prepared in step 1 in the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic temperature is room temperature, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 minutes; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in air for 6 hours, and the humidity of the air is 70%, so that the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension undergoes hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pores of the insulator shed material precursor with a porous pore structure, and trichlorosilane colloidal particles are formed on the pore walls of the pores to obtain a pre-reacted body; at the same time, the chlorosilane group (Si-Cl group) of the trichlorosilane also undergoes vinyl silanization reaction with the vinyl group of the insulator shed precursor, so that the trichlorosilane colloidal particles and the insulator shed precursor form a stable chemical connection; Step 2-4: the pre-reacted body is further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction under drying conditions, the drying temperature is 100° C., and the drying time is 1 hour, to obtain the insulator shed material.

[0044] The grafting rate of the insulator shed material in this embodiment is 90%. Figure 1 As shown, the flashover voltage is 23.7kV. Figure 2 As shown, the water contact angle is 146.2°.

[0045] Example 2 This embodiment provides an insulator shed material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure by using a hard template method: Step 1-1, first mix 5g of polydimethylsiloxane and 20g of pore-forming agent cotton sugar (m PDMS / m 绵糖 =1:4) using an electric stirrer for first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, to obtain a mixture; Wherein, the particle size of the cotton sugar is 100-200 μm; Step 1-2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 1-3, soaking the solidified body in 100° C. hot water at a pressure of 0.1 MPa in an open environment for 12 hours, and then drying the solidified body at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain an insulator shed material precursor having a porous structure; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pores of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material: Step 2-1, dissolving 6 g of octadecyltrichlorosilane in 60 mL of n-hexane solvent, and mixing the octadecyltrichlorosilane and the solvent uniformly by electric stirring to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed material precursor prepared in step 1 in the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic temperature is room temperature, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 minutes; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in air for 6 hours, and the humidity of the air is 70%, so that the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension undergoes hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pores of the insulator shed material precursor with a porous pore structure, and trichlorosilane colloidal particles are formed on the pore walls of the pores to obtain a pre-reacted body, and at the same time, the chlorosilane group (Si-Cl group) of the trichlorosilane also undergoes vinyl silanization reaction with the vinyl group of the insulator shed precursor, so that the trichlorosilane colloidal particles and the insulator shed precursor form a stable chemical connection; Step 2-4: the pre-reacted body is further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction under drying conditions, the drying temperature is 100° C., and the drying time is 1 hour, to obtain the insulator shed material.

[0046] The grafting rate of the insulator shed material in this embodiment is 86%. Figure 4 As shown, the flashover voltage is 24.6kV. Figure 3 As shown, the water contact angle is 152.6°.

[0047] Example 3 This embodiment provides an insulator shed material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure by using a hard template method: Step 1-1, first mix 5g of polydimethylsiloxane and 25g of pore-forming agent cotton sugar (m PDMS / m 绵糖 =1:5) using an electric stirrer for first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, to obtain a mixture; Wherein, the particle size of the cotton sugar is 100-200 μm; Step 1-2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 1-3, soaking the solidified body in 100° C. hot water at a pressure of 0.1 MPa in an open environment for 12 hours, and then drying the solidified body at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain an insulator shed material precursor having a porous structure; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pores of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material: Step 2-1, dissolving 6 g of hexadecyltrichlorosilane in 60 mL of n-hexane solvent, and mixing the hexadecyltrichlorosilane and the solvent uniformly by electric stirring to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed material precursor prepared in step 1 in the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic temperature is room temperature, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 minutes; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in air for 6 hours, and the humidity of the air is 70%, so that the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension undergoes hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pores of the insulator shed material precursor with a porous pore structure, and trichlorosilane colloidal particles are formed on the pore walls of the pores to obtain a pre-reacted body, and at the same time, the chlorosilane group (Si-Cl group) of the trichlorosilane also undergoes vinyl silanization reaction with the vinyl group of the insulator shed precursor, so that the trichlorosilane colloidal particles and the insulator shed precursor form a stable chemical connection; Step 2-4: the pre-reacted body is further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction under drying conditions, the drying temperature is 100° C., and the drying time is 1 hour, to obtain the insulator shed material.

[0048] The grafting rate of the insulator shed material in this embodiment is 92%. Figure 4 As shown, the flashover voltage is 26.4 kV, which is slightly higher than the flashover voltage of Example 2. Figure 5 As shown, the water contact angle is 154.0°.

[0049] The microstructure of the insulator shed material was observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the results were as follows: Figure 6 It can be seen that the average pore size of the obtained insulator shed material is 162m.

[0050] Example 4 This embodiment provides an insulator shed material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure by using a hard template method: Step 1-1, first mix 5g of polydimethylsiloxane and 30g of pore-forming agent cotton sugar (m PDMS / m 绵糖 =1:6) using an electric stirrer for first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, to obtain a mixture; Wherein, the particle size of the cotton sugar is 100-200 μm; Step 1-2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 1-3, soaking the solidified body in 100° C. hot water for 12 hours, and then drying it at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain an insulator shed material precursor having a porous structure; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pores of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material: Step 2-1, dissolving 6 g of tetradecyltrichlorosilane in 60 mL of n-hexane solvent, and mixing the tetradecyltrichlorosilane and the solvent uniformly by electric stirring to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed material precursor prepared in step 1 in the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic temperature is room temperature, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 minutes; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in air and standing for 6 hours, the humidity of the air is 70%, so that the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension undergoes hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pores of the insulator shed material precursor with a porous pore structure, and trichlorosilane colloidal particles are formed on the pore walls of the pores to obtain a pre-reacted body. At the same time, in step 2-3, the chlorosilane group (Si-Cl group) of the trichlorosilane also undergoes vinyl silanization reaction with the vinyl group of the insulator shed precursor, so that the trichlorosilane colloidal particles and the insulator shed precursor form a stable chemical connection; Step 2-4: the pre-reacted body is further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction under drying conditions, the drying temperature is 100° C., and the drying time is 1 hour, to obtain the insulator shed material.

[0051] The grafting rate of the insulator shed material in this embodiment is 94%, the flashover voltage is 26.3 kV, and the water contact angle is 153.9°.

[0052] Example 5 This embodiment provides an insulator shed material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure by using a hard template method: Step 1-1, firstly mix 5g of polydimethylsiloxane and 5g of pore-forming agent sodium bicarbonate (m PDMS / m 碳酸氢钠=1:1) using an electric stirrer for first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, to obtain a mixture; Wherein, the particle size of the sodium bicarbonate is 1-50 μm; Step 1-2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 1-3, placing the solidified body into a hydrothermal reactor for heating at a temperature of 150° C. and a pressure of 0.48 MPa for a heating soaking time of 12 h, and then drying at a temperature of 100° C. for a drying time of 3 h, to obtain an insulator shed material precursor having a porous structure; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pores of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material: Step 2-1, dissolving 6 g of dodecyltrichlorosilane in 60 mL of n-hexane solvent, and mixing the dodecyltrichlorosilane and the solvent uniformly by electric stirring to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed material precursor prepared in step 1 in the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic temperature is room temperature, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 minutes; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in air for 6 hours, and the humidity of the air is 70%, so that the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension undergoes hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pores of the insulator shed material precursor with a porous pore structure, and trichlorosilane colloidal particles are formed on the pore walls of the pores to obtain a pre-reacted body, and at the same time, the chlorosilane group (Si-Cl group) of the trichlorosilane also undergoes vinyl silanization reaction with the vinyl group of the insulator shed precursor, so that the trichlorosilane colloidal particles and the insulator shed precursor form a stable chemical connection; Step 2-4: the pre-reacted body is further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction under drying conditions, the drying temperature is 100° C., and the drying time is 1 hour, to obtain the insulator shed material.

[0053] The grafting rate of the insulator shed material of this embodiment is 72%, the flashover voltage is 23.8 kV, and the water contact angle is 155.0°.

[0054] Example 6 This embodiment provides an insulator shed material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure by using a hard template method: Step 1-1, firstly mix 5g polydimethylsiloxane and 10g pore-forming agent sodium bicarbonate (m PDMS / m 碳酸氢钠 =1:2) using an electric stirrer for first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, to obtain a mixture; Wherein, the particle size of the sodium bicarbonate is 1-50 μm; Step 1-2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 1-3, placing the solidified body into a hydrothermal reactor for heating at a temperature of 150° C. and a pressure of 0.48 MPa for a heating soaking time of 12 h, and then drying at a temperature of 100° C. for a drying time of 3 h, to obtain an insulator shed material precursor having a porous structure; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pores of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material: Step 2-1, dissolving 6 g of decyltrichlorosilane in 60 mL of n-hexane solvent, and mixing the decyltrichlorosilane and the solvent evenly by electric stirring to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed material precursor prepared in step 1 in the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic temperature is room temperature, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 minutes; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in air for 6 hours, and the humidity of the air is 70%, so that the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension undergoes hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pores of the insulator shed material precursor with a porous pore structure, and trichlorosilane colloidal particles are formed on the pore walls of the pores to obtain a pre-reacted body, and at the same time, the chlorosilane group (Si-Cl group) of the trichlorosilane also undergoes vinyl silanization reaction with the vinyl group of the insulator shed precursor, so that the trichlorosilane colloidal particles and the insulator shed precursor form a stable chemical connection; Step 2-4: the pre-reacted body is further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction under drying conditions, the drying temperature is 100° C., and the drying time is 1 hour, to obtain the insulator shed material.

[0055] The grafting rate of the insulator shed material in this embodiment is 75%, the flashover voltage is 26.8V, and the water contact angle is 155.0°.

[0056] Example 7 This embodiment provides an insulator shed material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure by using a hard template method: Step 1-1, firstly mix 5g of polydimethylsiloxane and 5g of pore-forming agent polyvinyl alcohol (m PDMS / m 聚乙烯醇 =1:1) using an electric stirrer for first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, to obtain a mixture; Wherein, the particle size of the polyvinyl alcohol is 1-100 μm; Step 1-2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 1-3, placing the solidified body into a hydrothermal reactor for heating at a temperature of 150° C. and a pressure of 0.48 MPa for a heating soaking time of 12 h, and then drying at a temperature of 100° C. for a drying time of 3 h, to obtain an insulator shed material precursor having a porous structure; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pores of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material: Step 2-1, dissolving 6 g of perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane in 60 mL of n-hexane solvent, and mixing the perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane and the solvent uniformly by electric stirring to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed material precursor prepared in step 1 in the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic temperature is room temperature, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 minutes; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in air for 6 hours, and the humidity of the air is 70%, so that the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension undergoes hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pores of the insulator shed material precursor with a porous pore structure, and trichlorosilane colloidal particles are formed on the pore walls of the pores to obtain a pre-reacted body, and at the same time, the chlorosilane group (Si-Cl group) of the trichlorosilane also undergoes vinyl silanization reaction with the vinyl group of the insulator shed precursor, so that the trichlorosilane colloidal particles and the insulator shed precursor form a stable chemical connection; Step 2-4: the pre-reacted body is further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction under drying conditions, the drying temperature is 100° C., and the drying time is 1 hour, to obtain the insulator shed material.

[0057] The grafting rate of the insulator shed material in this embodiment is 68%, and the flashover voltage is 22.9 kV. Figure 7 As shown, the water contact angle is 152.8°.

[0058] Example 8 This embodiment provides an insulator shed material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure by using a hard template method: Step 1-1, firstly mix 5g of polydimethylsiloxane and 10g of pore-forming agent polyvinyl alcohol (m PDMS / m 聚乙烯醇 =1:2) using an electric stirrer for first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, to obtain a mixture; Wherein, the particle size of the polyvinyl alcohol is 10-100 μm; Step 1-2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 1-3, placing the solidified body into a hydrothermal reactor for heating at a temperature of 150° C. and a pressure of 0.48 MPa for a heating soaking time of 12 h, and then drying at a temperature of 100° C. for a drying time of 3 h, to obtain an insulator shed material precursor having a porous structure; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pores of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material: Step 2-1, dissolving 6 g of perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane in 60 mL of n-hexane solvent, and mixing the perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane and the solvent uniformly by electric stirring to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed material precursor prepared in step 1 in the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic temperature is room temperature, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 minutes; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in air for 6 hours, and the humidity of the air is 70%, so that the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension undergoes hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pores of the insulator shed material precursor with a porous pore structure, and trichlorosilane colloidal particles are formed on the pore walls of the pores to obtain a pre-reacted body, and at the same time, the chlorosilane group (Si-Cl group) of the trichlorosilane also undergoes vinyl silanization reaction with the vinyl group of the insulator shed precursor, so that the trichlorosilane colloidal particles and the insulator shed precursor form a stable chemical connection; Step 2-4: the pre-reacted body is further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction under drying conditions, the drying temperature is 100° C., and the drying time is 1 hour, to obtain the insulator shed material.

[0059] The grafting rate of the insulator shed material of this embodiment is 74%, the flashover voltage is 25.7 kV, and the water contact angle is 154.3.

[0060] Example 9 This embodiment provides an insulator shed material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure by using a hard template method: Step 1-1, first mix 5g of addition type two-component room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber and 20g of pore-forming agent granulated sugar (m PDMS / m 砂糖 =1:4) using an electric stirrer to perform a first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of a curing agent (commercially available platinum catalyst) is added to continue a second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, and a mixture is obtained; Among them, the particle size of granulated sugar is 200-500 μm; Step 1-2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 1-3, soaking the solidified body in 100° C. hot water at a pressure of 0.1 MPa in an open environment for 12 hours, and then drying the solidified body at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain an insulator shed material precursor having a porous structure; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pores of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material: Step 2-1, dissolving 6 g of hexadecyltrichlorosilane in 60 mL of n-hexane solvent, and mixing the hexadecyltrichlorosilane and the solvent uniformly by electric stirring to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed material precursor prepared in step 1 in the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic temperature is room temperature, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 minutes; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in air for 6 hours, and the humidity of the air is 70%, so that the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension undergoes hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pores of the insulator shed material precursor with a porous pore structure, and trichlorosilane colloidal particles are formed on the pore walls of the pores to obtain a pre-reacted body, and at the same time, the chlorosilane group (Si-Cl group) of the trichlorosilane also undergoes vinyl silanization reaction with the vinyl group of the insulator shed precursor, so that the trichlorosilane colloidal particles and the insulator shed precursor form a stable chemical connection; Step 2-4: the pre-reacted body is further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction under drying conditions, the drying temperature is 100° C., and the drying time is 1 hour, to obtain the insulator shed material.

[0061] The grafting rate of the insulator shed material of this embodiment is 91%, the flashover voltage is 23.4 kV, and the water contact angle is 150.1°.

[0062] Example 10 This embodiment provides an insulator shed, such as Figure 8 As shown, it includes an insulator core rod 1 and the insulator shed material 2 in embodiment 1, and also includes a sheath 3 and a hardware 4. The sheath 3 and the insulator shed material 2 are made of the same material.

[0063] The preparation of the insulator shed comprises the following steps: Step 1: Prepare an insulator shed precursor including an insulator core rod 1 by using a hard template method: Step 1-1, first mix 5g of polydimethylsiloxane and 20g of pore-forming agent granulated sugar (m PDMS / m 砂糖 =1:4) using an electric stirrer for first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, to obtain a mixture; Among them, the particle size of granulated sugar is 200-500 μm; Step 1-2, placing the insulator core rod 1 into a silicone rubber mold, pouring in the mixture for curing at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain a cured body; Step 1-3, soaking the solidified body in 100° C. hot water at a pressure of 0.1 MPa in an open environment for 12 hours, and then drying the solidified body at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pores of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material including the insulator core rod: Step 2-1, dissolving 6 g of hexadecyltrichlorosilane in 60 mL of n-hexane solvent, and mixing the hexadecyltrichlorosilane and the solvent uniformly by electric stirring to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed material precursor prepared in step 1 in the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic temperature is room temperature, the frequency is 40 kHz, and the time is 60 minutes; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in air and letting it stand for 6 hours, the humidity of the air is 70%, so that the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension undergoes hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pores of the insulator shed material precursor with a porous pore structure, and trichlorosilane colloidal particles are formed on the pore walls of the pores to obtain a pre-reacted body; Step 2-4, the pre-reacted body continues to undergo hydrolysis condensation reaction under drying conditions, the drying temperature is 100°C, the time is 1h, and finally the sheath 3 and the hardware 4 are installed to obtain Figure 8 The structure of the insulator shed shown in the figure can be adjusted according to the needs of the mold and actual application, and this embodiment is only one of the many structures of the insulator shed.

[0064] The insulator shed and sheath prepared in this embodiment are micron porous structures. The porous structure has a significant inhibitory effect on the surface flashover process of the insulator, and can effectively improve the flashover strength of the insulator under dry, rainy, humid and dirty conditions.

[0065] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides an insulator shed material without pores and without grafting trichlorosilane and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1, firstly mix 5g of polydimethylsiloxane and 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) at a mixing rate of 500r / min for 0.5h to obtain a mixture; Step 2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 3: drying the solidified body at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain the insulator shed material of this comparative example.

[0066] The flashover voltage of the insulator shed material of this comparative example is 17.7 kV, and the water contact angle is 120.0°.

[0067] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides an insulator shed material containing pores but not grafted with trichlorosilane and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1, firstly, 5g of polydimethylsiloxane and 20g of pore-forming agent granulated sugar are mixed at room temperature using an electric stirrer at a rate of 500r / min for 0.5h. After the mixture is uniformly mixed, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue the second mixing at a rate of 500r / min for 0.5h to obtain a mixture; Among them, the particle size of granulated sugar is 200-500 μm; Step 2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 3: Soak the solidified body in 100° C. hot water for 12 hours, and then dry it at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain the insulator shed material of this comparative example.

[0068] like Fig. 9 As shown in FIG. 1 , the flashover voltage of the insulator shed material of the comparative example is 22.9 kV. Fig.10 As shown, the water contact angle is 132.8°.

[0069] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides an insulator shed material containing pores but not grafted with trichlorosilane and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Mix 5g polydimethylsiloxane and 20g pore-forming agent cotton sugar (m PDMS / m 绵糖 =1:4) using an electric stirrer for first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, to obtain a mixture; Among them, the particle size of granulated sugar is 200-500 μm; Step 2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 3: Soak the solidified body in 100° C. hot water for 12 hours, and then dry it at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain the insulator shed material of this comparative example.

[0070] like Fig.11 As shown in FIG. 1 , the flashover voltage of the insulator shed material of the comparative example is 24.2 kV. Fig.12As shown, the water contact angle is 138.7°.

[0071] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides an insulator shed material containing pores but not grafted with trichlorosilane and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Mix 5g polydimethylsiloxane and 25g pore-forming agent cotton sugar (m PDMS / m 绵糖 =1:5) using an electric stirrer for first mixing at room temperature, the first mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, after mixing evenly, 0.5g of curing agent (Dow Corning SYLGARD 184) is added to continue second mixing, the second mixing rate is 500r / min, the time is 0.5h, to obtain a mixture; Among them, the particle size of granulated sugar is 200-500 μm; Step 2, curing the mixture at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a cured product; Step 3: Soak the solidified body in 100° C. hot water for 12 hours, and then dry it at a temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours to obtain the insulator shed material of this comparative example.

[0072] like Fig.13 As shown in FIG. 1 , the flashover voltage of the insulator shed material of the comparative example is 24.8 kV. Fig.14 As shown, the water contact angle is 141.8°.

[0073] The comparison results of the embodiment and the comparative example show that the insulator shed prepared by the present invention has multiple functions, including suppressing secondary electron emission, blocking surface discharge impact ionization, promoting surface charge migration to pores, and forming micro-nano binary rough morphology of the body and surface. Therefore, the insulator shed with a porous structure has high surface flashover strength and super-hydrophobicity, ensuring that the insulator has a high flashover strength in dryness, rain, moisture and dirt, and the insulator shed can still maintain super-hydrophobicity after the surface morphology is destroyed.

[0074] The mass ratio of silicon-containing compound (polydimethylsiloxane or addition-type two-component room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber) / pore-forming agent is selected according to the intended surface flashover strength and shed mechanical strength. When a higher surface flashover strength is required, the pore-forming agent content should be increased, but the shed mechanical strength is easily reduced; when a higher shed mechanical strength is required, the pore-forming agent content should be reduced, but the surface flashover strength will be reduced. Therefore, considering the surface flashover strength and shed mechanical strength, the preferred silicon-containing compound / pore-forming agent mass ratio range is: 1: (3-5).

[0075] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to what has been described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An insulator shed material, characterized in that: The insulator shed material is composed of an insulator shed precursor having a porous pore structure and trichlorosilane colloidal particles grafted into the pore structure, with a grafting rate of 60-100%, and the grafting rate is the ratio of the surface area of ​​the pore structure covered by the trichlorosilane colloidal particles to the surface area of ​​the total pore structure; The pore size of the insulator shed precursor is 1-500 μm, and the porosity is 30-60%; The particle size of the trichlorosilane colloidal particles is 50-400 nm; The flashover voltage of the insulator shed material is 22.9-26.8 kV, and the water contact angle is 146.2-155.0°.

2. The insulator shed material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulator shed precursor with a porous structure is prepared from a silicon-containing compound, a curing agent and a pore-forming agent.

3. The insulator shed material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The silicon-containing compound is one or more of polydimethylsiloxane or addition-type two-component room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber.

4. The insulator shed material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The curing agent is a curing agent that matches the silicon-containing compound.

5. The insulator shed material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pore-forming agent is one or more of granulated sugar, soft sugar, sodium bicarbonate and polyvinyl alcohol.

6. The insulator shed material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the trichlorosilane colloidal particles include trichlorosilane.

7. A method for preparing the insulator shed material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: preparing an insulator shed precursor having a porous structure by using a hard template method; Step 2: grafting trichlorosilane colloidal particles into the pore structure of the insulator shed precursor to obtain the insulator shed material.

8. The method for preparing the insulator shed material according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step 1 includes the following steps: Step 1-1, mixing and stirring the silicon-containing compound, the curing agent, and the pore-forming agent to obtain a mixture; Step 1-2, curing the mixture to obtain a cured product; Step 1-3, placing the solidified body into a solution except for the pore-forming agent, heating it, and then drying it to obtain an insulator shed precursor having a porous pore structure; Step 2 includes the following steps: Step 2-1, dissolving trichlorosilane in a solvent, and stirring sufficiently to obtain a trichlorosilane suspension; Step 2-2, immersing the insulator shed precursor prepared in step 1 into the trichlorosilane suspension for ultrasonic treatment; Step 2-3, placing the insulator shed precursor after ultrasonic treatment in the air to allow the trichlorosilane in the trichlorosilane suspension to undergo hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the pore structure of the insulator shed precursor having a porous pore structure, forming trichlorosilane colloidal particles on the pore wall of the pore structure, and obtaining a pre-reacted body; Step 2-4: the pre-reacted body is further subjected to hydrolysis and condensation reaction under drying conditions to obtain the insulator shed material.

9. An insulator shed, characterized in that: The insulator shed comprises an insulator core rod and the insulator shed material according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. An outdoor high-voltage power equipment, characterized in that: The outdoor high-voltage power equipment includes the insulator shed as described in claim 9.

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