Biomass electricity-alcohol co-production system integrating fuel cell and carbon capture

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass electricity-alcohol co-production system integrating a fuel cell and carbon capture, and relates to the technical field of biomass gasification, fuel cell power generation, water electrolysis hydrogen production, carbon capture and methanol synthesis, and the biomass electricity-alcohol co-production system comprises a gasification and power generation unit, a water electrolysis unit and a methanol synthesis unit. Biomass is gasified into synthesis gas in the gasification furnace, then the synthesis gas is introduced into the fuel cell to be subjected to electrochemical reaction, chemical energy is converted into electric energy, generated flue gas is subjected to afterburning in the combustion chamber to generate high-temperature flue gas to drive the gas turbine to do work, and oxygen prepared by the water electrolysis unit serves as a gasifying agent to be introduced into the gasification furnace and the combustion chamber. And condensing the prepared hydrogen, and mixing the condensed hydrogen with carbon dioxide obtained by flue gas carbon capture to obtain a mixed flow, wherein the mixed flow is used as a raw material gas for methanol synthesis. Compared with the prior art, the system has the advantages that electricity and alcohol co-production can be realized on the premise of clean power generation, and the capabilities of biomass efficient resource utilization, clean energy production, carbon circulation and emission reduction are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of biomass gasification, fuel cell power generation, water electrolysis hydrogen production, carbon capture and methanol synthesis, and specifically refers to a biomass electricity-to-methanol cogeneration system integrating fuel cells and carbon capture. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, finding clean, efficient and renewable energy utilization methods has become a common focus of research at home and abroad. Biomass energy is an important renewable energy source that is highly renewable and environmentally friendly. my country is rich in biomass resources and has great potential in the transformation of energy structure. Among biomass energy conversion technologies, gasification technology is an important way to convert biomass into combustible synthesis gas, which can then be used for power generation, heating or synthetic chemical raw materials. However, traditional biomass utilization methods generally have problems such as low conversion efficiency and serious environmental pollution, which limits their large-scale application; in addition, although biomass resources are abundant, they are restricted by the characteristics of their overly dispersed distribution, and the current utilization rate of biomass energy in my country is not high.

[0003] As an efficient and clean energy conversion device, high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the advantages of flexible fuel selection and high energy conversion efficiency. They have broad application prospects in the fields of distributed power generation and cogeneration. Combining SOFC with biomass gasification technology can build an efficient biomass cogeneration system to achieve efficient conversion and clean utilization of biomass energy. In addition, the industry only requires two ways of carbon source for green methanol production: biomass resources and direct air capture. However, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is very low, and direct capture will consume a lot of energy.

[0004] At present, there is an urgent need to develop a device that organically combines the processes of biomass gasification, high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell power generation, water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, and methanol synthesis. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the problems of dispersed distribution of biomass resources, low conversion utilization rate, green methanol production, etc. mentioned in the background technology, and aims to construct an efficient and low-carbon biomass energy conversion and utilization structure to improve the utilization efficiency of biomass resources. It proposes and discloses a biomass electricity-to-methanol cogeneration system integrating fuel cells and carbon capture, which involves the coupling of biomass gasification technology, fuel cell power generation technology, water electrolysis technology, carbon capture technology and methanol synthesis technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is a biomass-to-alcohol cogeneration system integrating fuel cells and carbon capture, including a gasification and power generation unit, a water electrolysis unit, and a methanol synthesis unit. The gasification and power generation unit consists of a gasifier, a No. 1 three-way valve, a high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, a No. 1 separator, a combustion chamber, a No. 1 heat exchanger, and a No. 1 compressor. The outlet of the gasifier is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell, a separator is arranged between the outlet of the fuel cell and the inlet of the combustion chamber, the outlet of the separator is respectively connected to the inlet of the No. 1 three-way valve and the inlet of the combustion chamber, the outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the inlet of the No. 1 heat exchanger, and the outlet of the No. 1 heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the gas turbine, and the gas drives the gas turbine to do work; the No. 1 compressor inhales air and compresses and outputs compressed air to the No. 1 heat exchanger, providing a compressed air source for the No. 1 heat exchanger;

[0007] The water electrolysis unit is composed of a gas turbine, a generator, a No. 2 heat exchanger, a water pump, a solid oxide electrolyzer, a No. 2 separator, a condenser, and a No. 2 three-way valve. The gas turbine outlet is connected to the No. 2 heat exchanger heat source inlet pipeline, the water pump outlet is connected to the No. 2 heat exchanger cold source inlet pipeline, the No. 2 heat exchanger cold source outlet pipeline is connected to the solid oxide electrolyzer inlet, the solid oxide electrolyzer cathode outlet is connected to the No. 2 separator inlet, the No. 2 separator outlet is respectively connected to the gasifier inlet and the combustion chamber inlet, the solid oxide electrolyzer cathode outlet is connected to the condenser inlet, and the condenser outlet is connected to the No. 2 three-way valve inlet; the gas turbine is equipped with a power generator;

[0008] The methanol synthesis unit consists of a collector, a carbon capture device, a No. 2 compressor, a No. 3 three-way valve, a No. 3 heat exchanger, a methanol synthesis reactor, a No. 3 separator, and a distillation tower. The outlet of the No. 2 heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the collector, the outlet of the collector stream pipeline is connected to the inlet of the carbon capture device, the heat storage material of the collector is connected to the heat-consuming element of the carbon capture device, the outlet of the carbon capture device and the inlet of the No. 2 compressor are connected via a No. 2 three-way valve, the outlet of the No. 2 compressor is connected to the inlet of the No. 3 three-way valve, the outlet of the No. 3 three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger, the outlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the methanol synthesis reactor, the outlet of the methanol synthesis reactor is connected to the inlet of the No. 3 separator, the outlet of the No. 3 separator is respectively connected to the inlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger and the inlet of the No. 3 three-way valve, and the outlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the distillation tower.

[0009] Furthermore, the gasifier outlet is connected to the fuel cell inlet via a No. 1 three-way valve, so that the biomass synthesis gas can be efficiently converted and utilized, while the mixing of the reinjected gas further improves the raw material utilization rate.

[0010] Furthermore, the exhaust gas at the fuel cell outlet is reburned in the combustion chamber, and then the air is preheated by the No. 1 heat exchanger, and then sent to the inlet of the gas turbine to drive it to generate power. The fuel cell and the gas turbine form a dual-power structure, which effectively improves the system's power output.

[0011] Furthermore, the flue gas at the gas turbine outlet passes through the No. 2 heat exchanger and collector to preheat the raw materials required for water electrolysis while supplying the heat consumption requirements of the carbon capture process, thereby realizing cascaded energy utilization.

[0012] Furthermore, the water electrolysis unit uses the waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust to produce high-temperature steam, reducing energy consumption. The oxygen-rich gas produced by the high-temperature solid oxide water electrolysis tank is directly used for gasification and supplementary combustion, reducing the energy consumption of the air separation unit and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the electricity and power consumption of each device in the gasification and power generation unit, the water electrolysis unit, and the methanol synthesis unit are all supplied by the power generation output of the fuel cell and the gas turbine. Biomass is a green raw material, the hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis unit is green hydrogen, and the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture device is also a green carbon source. The system product is green methanol.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: (1) The biomass gasification and fuel cell coupling technology directly converts the chemical energy of biomass synthesis gas into electrical energy, breaking through the energy efficiency limitations of traditional power generation methods and significantly improving the utilization efficiency and cleanliness of biomass energy; (2) The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell and the gas turbine form a dual power generation system, realizing the cascade utilization of energy and effectively improving the power generation efficiency and stability of the overall system; (3) The high-temperature flue gas emitted by the gas turbine converts the pressurized water source into high-temperature steam and meets the heat consumption requirements of the carbon capture device, thereby improving the utilization rate of low-grade energy; (4) The carbon capture device captures carbon dioxide that would otherwise be emitted into the atmosphere and uses it for the synthesis of methanol, promoting the recycling and emission reduction of carbon and achieving negative carbon emissions throughout the entire process with biomass as the source; (5) The system realizes the green transformation from waste to high-value products through the coupling of multiple technologies, and the co-production of electricity and methanol further enhances the dual environmental and economic benefits of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a biomass-to-electricity-to-alcohol cogeneration system that integrates fuel cells and carbon capture.

[0016] As shown in the figure: 1-gasifier; 2-three-way valve No. 1; 3-high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell; 4-separator No. 1; 5-combustion chamber; 6-heat exchanger No. 1; 7-compressor No. 1; 8-gas turbine; 9-generator; 10-heat exchanger No. 2; 11-water pump; 12-high-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer; 13-separator No. 2; 14-condenser; 15-collector; 16-carbon capture device; 17-three-way valve No. 2; 18-compressor No. 2; 19-three-way valve No. 3; 20-heat exchanger No. 3; 21-methanol synthesis reactor; 22-separator No. 3; 23-distillation tower. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Embodiment 1

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a biomass-to-alcohol cogeneration system integrating fuel cells and carbon capture, including a gasification and power generation unit, a water electrolysis unit, and a methanol synthesis unit. The gasification and power generation unit consists of a gasifier 1, a No. 1 three-way valve 2, a high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell 3, a No. 1 separator 4, a combustion chamber 5, a No. 1 heat exchanger 6, and a No. 1 compressor 7. The outlet of the gasifier 1 is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell 3, and a separator 4 is arranged between the outlet of the fuel cell 3 and the inlet of the combustion chamber 5. The outlet of the separator 4 is respectively connected to the inlet of the No. 1 three-way valve 2 and the inlet of the combustion chamber 5, the outlet of the combustion chamber 5 is connected to the inlet of the No. 1 heat exchanger 6, and the outlet of the No. 1 heat exchanger 6 is connected to the inlet of the gas turbine 8. The gas drives the gas turbine 8 to do work; the No. 1 compressor 7 inhales air and compresses and outputs compressed air to the No. 1 heat exchanger 6, providing a compressed air source for the No. 1 heat exchanger 6.

[0020] The outlet of the gasifier 1 is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell 3 through the No. 1 three-way valve 2, so that the biomass synthesis gas is efficiently converted and utilized, and the mixing of the reinjected gas further improves the utilization rate of the raw materials. After the exhaust gas at the outlet of the fuel cell 3 passes through the combustion chamber 5 for supplementary combustion, the air is preheated by the No. 1 heat exchanger 6, and then sent to the inlet of the gas turbine 8 to drive it to generate power. The fuel cell 3 and the gas turbine 8 form a dual power structure, which efficiently improves the power generation output of the system.

[0021] The water electrolysis unit is composed of a gas turbine 8, a generator 9, a No. 2 heat exchanger 10, a water pump 11, a solid oxide electrolyzer 12, a No. 2 separator 13, a condenser 14, and a No. 2 three-way valve 17. The outlet of the gas turbine 8 is connected to the heat source inlet pipeline of the No. 2 heat exchanger 10, the outlet of the water pump 11 is connected to the cold source inlet pipeline of the No. 2 heat exchanger 10, the cold source outlet pipeline of the No. 2 heat exchanger 10 is connected to the inlet of the solid oxide electrolyzer 12, the negative electrode outlet of the solid oxide electrolyzer 12 is connected to the inlet of the No. 2 separator 13, the outlet of the No. 2 separator 13 is respectively connected to the inlet of the gasifier 1 and the inlet of the combustion chamber 5, the positive electrode outlet of the solid oxide electrolyzer 12 is connected to the inlet of the condenser 14, and the outlet of the condenser 14 is connected to the inlet of the No. 2 three-way valve 17; the gas turbine 8 is equipped with a generator 9 for power supply.

[0022] The flue gas at the outlet of the gas turbine 8 passes through the No. 2 heat exchanger 10 and the collector 15, preheating the raw materials required for water electrolysis while supplying the heat consumption requirements of the carbon capture process, thereby realizing energy cascade utilization. The water electrolysis unit uses the waste heat of the flue gas of the gas turbine 8 to produce high-temperature steam, reducing energy consumption. The oxygen-rich gas produced by the high-temperature solid oxide water electrolysis tank 12 is directly used for gasification and supplementary combustion, reducing the energy consumption of the air separation unit and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0023] The methanol synthesis unit is composed of a collector 15, a carbon capture device 16, a No. 2 compressor 18, a No. 3 three-way valve 19, a No. 3 heat exchanger 20, a methanol synthesis reactor 21, a No. 3 separator 22, and a distillation tower 23. The outlet of the No. 2 heat exchanger 10 is connected to the inlet of the collector 15, the outlet of the stream pipeline of the collector 15 is connected to the inlet of the carbon capture device 16, the heat storage material of the collector 15 is connected to the heat consumption element of the carbon capture device 16, and the outlet of the carbon capture device 16 is connected to the inlet of the No. 2 compressor 18. A No. 2 three-way valve 17 is connected therebetween, the outlet of the No. 2 compressor 18 is connected to the inlet of the No. 3 three-way valve 19, the outlet of the No. 3 three-way valve 19 is connected to the inlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger 20, the outlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger 20 is connected to the inlet of the methanol synthesis reactor 21, the outlet of the methanol synthesis reactor 21 is connected to the inlet of the No. 3 separator 22, the outlet of the No. 3 separator 22 is respectively connected to the inlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger 20 and the inlet of the No. 3 three-way valve 19, and the outlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger 20 is connected to the inlet of the distillation tower 23. The power consumption and work consumption of each device in the gasification and power generation unit, the water electrolysis unit, and the methanol synthesis unit are all supplied by the power generation output of the fuel cell 3 and the gas turbine 8. Biomass is a green raw material, the hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis unit is green hydrogen, the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture device 16 is also a green carbon source, and the system product is green methanol.

[0024] Biomass reacts in the gasifier to generate crude synthesis gas. After removing pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, chlorides and sulfides from the crude synthesis gas, combustible synthesis gas including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and a small amount of alkane gas is obtained. The combustible synthesis gas is fed into the anode side inlet of the high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, and the air is introduced from the cathode side of the high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell after preheating and pressurization. Electrochemical reactions occur in the fuel cell to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. There are incompletely reacted gases in the exhaust gas at the fuel cell outlet. A certain proportion of the exhaust gas is separated and reinjected into the anode side of the fuel cell, and the rest of the exhaust gas is passed into the combustion chamber for supplementary combustion to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas. After the fuel gas completes the preheating of the inlet air stream, it drives the gas turbine to generate power. The high-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the gas turbine is about 500-600℃, which can heat the pressurized water source used for water electrolysis and convert it into high-temperature steam. After heating the steam, the flue gas temperature is still above 200°C, which does not meet the carbon capture requirement of 40-50°C for flue gas temperature. Carbon capture consumes electricity and heat energy during the adsorption and release process. The electricity is supplied by the fuel cell, and the heat is provided by the low-temperature flue gas. The oxygen-rich gas at the negative electrode outlet of the high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis tank is sent to the gasifier and the combustion chamber as a gasifier and an oxidant, respectively. The hydrogen at the positive electrode outlet is cooled and mixed with the carbon dioxide obtained by the carbon capture device to form a methanol synthesis feed gas. The methanol synthesis unit uses a high-pressure method to synthesize methanol, so the raw gas needs to be pressurized by a compressor. The product stream at the outlet of the methanol synthesis unit is a gas phase of about 280°C, which is used to preheat the raw gas. Some of the incompletely reacted gases in the product stream are extracted in a quantitative proportion and mixed with the pressurized raw gas. After the preheating work is completed, the product stream is passed into the distillation tower for distillation operation, and finally a high-purity green methanol product is obtained.

[0025] Embodiment 2

[0026] Based on the first embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, in the gasification and power generation unit, the fuel cell has high flexibility in fuel selection and breaks the limitations of the Carnot cycle. The biomass is gasified through a gasifier to generate synthesis gas, and the coupled fuel cell can directly convert the chemical energy of the biomass synthesis gas into electrical energy, thereby improving the efficient conversion and clean utilization of biomass. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell can be coupled with the gas turbine to form a dual power generation system, further improving the power generation efficiency of the system.

[0027] In the water electrolysis unit, the pressurized water source and the gas turbine exhaust gas fully exchange heat to produce high-temperature steam for solid oxide water electrolysis; the oxygen-rich gas produced by water electrolysis can be used as a gasifying agent for the gasification reaction of biomass in the gasifier and as an oxidizing agent for the supplementary combustion of fuel cell exhaust in the supplementary combustion chamber, avoiding the energy consumption of the air separation unit, improving energy utilization and saving costs; the electricity consumed by water electrolysis is supplied by the fuel cell of the system, and the hydrogen produced is green hydrogen.

[0028] The methanol synthesis unit uses a collector to collect heat from low-temperature flue gas to supplement the heat consumed by carbon capture, while also providing flue gas inlet conditions for carbon capture; there is incompletely reacted gas in the product stream of the methanol synthesis unit, and partial reinjection is used to further improve the reaction conversion rate.

[0029] The working mode of this system is as follows: biomass particles are gasified into high-temperature synthesis gas in the gasifier 1, and the high-temperature synthesis gas is sent to the anode side of the fuel cell 3. The air is compressed by the No. 1 compressor 7 and then passed into the No. 1 heat exchanger 6 for preheating before being sent to the cathode side of the fuel cell 3. The synthesis gas and air undergo an electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell 3 to directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy. The exhaust gas at the outlet of the fuel cell 3 is separated in a specific proportion at the No. 1 separator 4, and a part of the gas is injected back to the inlet of the No. 1 three-way valve 2 to mix with the biomass synthesis gas, and the rest of the exhaust gas is sent to the combustion chamber 5 for supplementary combustion. The high-temperature fuel gas at the outlet of the supplementary combustion chamber 5 drives the gas turbine 8 to work after the air is preheated by the No. 1 preheater 6, and drives the generator 9 to generate electricity. The high-temperature flue gas discharged by the gas turbine 8 is about 500-600°C. The water flow at the outlet of the water pump 11 is heated by the No. 2 preheater 10 and converted into high-temperature steam. The steam is sent to the electrolytic cell 12 for electrolysis reaction to generate hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen escapes from the negative electrode side of the electrolytic cell 12 and is sent to the gasifier 1 as a gasifying agent and the combustion chamber 5 as an oxidant to assist in supplementary combustion through the No. 2 separator 13. The hydrogen at the outlet of the positive electrode side of the electrolytic cell 12 is cooled and condensed by the condenser 14 and then passed into the inlet of the No. 2 three-way valve 17 to mix with carbon dioxide. The low-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the heat source of the No. 2 preheater 10 of about 200°C is supplied to the heat consumption of the carbon capture device 16 through the collector 15. At the same time, the low-temperature flue gas is reduced to 40-50°C after passing through the collector 15, and then sent to the carbon capture device 16 to capture carbon dioxide in the flue gas. The carbon dioxide at the outlet of the carbon capture device 16 is mixed with hydrogen at the No. 2 three-way valve 17 to form the raw gas for methanol synthesis. Methanol is synthesized by high pressure method, so the raw gas at the outlet of No. 2 three-way valve 17 needs to be compressed by No. 2 compressor 18 and preheated by No. 3 heat exchanger 20. The preheated raw gas is sent to methanol synthesis reactor 21 to generate crude methanol. A small amount of unreacted gas is separated at No. 3 separator 22 and injected back to the inlet of No. 3 three-way valve 19 to mix with the pressurized raw gas. The rest is sent to No. 3 heat exchanger 20 to preheat the raw gas and then sent to distillation tower 23 for distillation to extract high-purity green methanol products.

[0030] It can be seen that this system organically combines the processes of biomass gasification, high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell power generation, water electrolysis hydrogen production and methanol synthesis. By utilizing the clean characteristics of gasification technology and the high efficiency of fuel cells, the problems of difficult utilization of biomass resources and low conversion rate are properly handled. At the same time, clean fuel green methanol is prepared to achieve electricity-alcohol co-production, significantly improve the efficiency of biomass resource utilization, and form a new model of efficient, clean and low-carbon biomass energy conversion and utilization.

[0031] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biomass-to-electricity-to-methanol cogeneration system integrating fuel cells and carbon capture, comprising a gasification and power generation unit, a water electrolysis unit, and a methanol synthesis unit, characterized in that: The gasification and power generation unit is composed of a gasifier (1), a No. 1 three-way valve (2), a high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (3), a No. 1 separator (4), a combustion chamber (5), a No. 1 heat exchanger (6), and a No. 1 compressor (7). The outlet of the gasifier (1) is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell (3). A separator (4) is arranged between the outlet of the fuel cell (3) and the inlet of the combustion chamber (5). The outlet of the separator (4) is respectively connected to the inlet of the No. 1 three-way valve (2) and the inlet of the combustion chamber (5). The outlet of the combustion chamber (5) is connected to the inlet of the No. 1 heat exchanger (6). The outlet of the No. 1 heat exchanger (6) is connected to the inlet of the gas turbine (8). The gas drives the gas turbine (8) to perform work. The No. 1 compressor (7) inhales air and compresses and outputs compressed air to the No. 1 heat exchanger (6), providing a compressed air source for the No. 1 heat exchanger (6). The water electrolysis unit is composed of a gas turbine (8), a generator (9), a second heat exchanger (10), a water pump (11), a solid oxide electrolytic cell (12), a second separator (13), a condenser (14), and a second three-way valve (17). The outlet of the gas turbine (8) is connected to the heat source inlet pipeline of the second heat exchanger (10), the outlet of the water pump (11) is connected to the cold source inlet pipeline of the second heat exchanger (10), and the cold source outlet pipeline of the second heat exchanger (10) is connected to the solid The solid oxide electrolytic cell (12) is connected to the inlet of the solid oxide electrolytic cell (12), the negative electrode outlet of the solid oxide electrolytic cell (12) is connected to the inlet of the No. 2 separator (13), the outlet of the No. 2 separator (13) is respectively connected to the inlet of the gasifier (1) and the inlet of the combustion chamber (5), the positive electrode outlet of the solid oxide electrolytic cell (12) is connected to the inlet of the condenser (14), and the outlet of the condenser (14) is connected to the inlet of the No. 2 three-way valve (17); the gas turbine (8) is matched with a generator (9) for power supply; The methanol synthesis unit is composed of a heat collector (15), a carbon capture device (16), a second compressor (18), a third three-way valve (19), a third heat exchanger (20), a methanol synthesis reactor (21), a third separator (22), and a distillation tower (23). The outlet of the second heat exchanger (10) is connected to the inlet of the heat collector (15), the outlet of the stream pipeline of the heat collector (15) is connected to the inlet of the carbon capture device (16), the heat storage material of the heat collector (15) is connected to the heat consumption element of the carbon capture device (16), and the outlet of the carbon capture device (16) is connected to the second compressor (1 8) inlets are connected with a No. 2 three-way valve (17), the outlet of the No. 2 compressor (18) is connected to the inlet of the No. 3 three-way valve (19), the outlet of the No. 3 three-way valve (19) is connected to the inlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger (20), the outlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger (20) is connected to the inlet of the methanol synthesis reactor (21), the outlet of the methanol synthesis reactor (21) is connected to the inlet of the No. 3 separator (22), the outlet of the No. 3 separator (22) is respectively connected to the inlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger (20) and the inlet of the No. 3 three-way valve (19), and the outlet of the No. 3 heat exchanger (20) is connected to the inlet of the distillation tower (23).

2. The biomass-to-electricity-to-alcohol cogeneration system integrating fuel cells and carbon capture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the gasifier (1) is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell (3) via a No. 1 three-way valve (2), so that the biomass synthesis gas is efficiently converted and utilized, and the mixing of the reinjected gas further improves the utilization rate of the raw materials.

3. The biomass-to-electricity-to-alcohol cogeneration system integrating fuel cells and carbon capture according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the exhaust gas at the outlet of the fuel cell (3) is supplementally burned in the combustion chamber (5), the air is preheated by the first heat exchanger (6) and then sent to the inlet of the gas turbine (8) to drive it to generate power. The fuel cell (3) and the gas turbine (8) form a dual power structure, which effectively improves the power generation output of the system.

4. The biomass-to-electricity-to-alcohol cogeneration system integrating fuel cells and carbon capture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas at the outlet of the gas turbine (8) passes through the second heat exchanger (10) and the heat collector (15), preheating the raw materials required for water electrolysis while supplying the heat consumption requirements of the carbon capture process, thereby realizing cascaded energy utilization.

5. The biomass-to-electricity-to-alcohol cogeneration system integrating fuel cells and carbon capture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water electrolysis unit utilizes the exhaust heat of the gas turbine (8) to produce high-temperature steam, thereby reducing energy consumption. The oxygen-rich gas produced by the high-temperature solid oxide water electrolysis tank (12) is directly used for gasification and supplementary combustion, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the air separation device and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency.

6. The biomass-to-electricity-to-alcohol cogeneration system integrating fuel cells and carbon capture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power consumption and work consumption of each device in the gasification and power generation unit, the water electrolysis unit, and the methanol synthesis unit are all supplied by the power generation output of the fuel cell (3) and the gas turbine (8). The biomass is a green raw material. The hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis unit is green hydrogen. The carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture device (16) is also a green carbon source. The system product is green methanol.

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