1923results about "Pulverulent fuel combustion burners" patented technology

A combustor apparatus is provided, comprising a mixing arrangement for mixing a carbonaceous fuel with enriched oxygen and a working fluid to form a fuel mixture. A combustion chamber is at least partially defined by a transpiration member. The transpiration member is at least partially surrounded by a pressure containment member. The combustion chamber has opposed inlet and outlet portions. The inlet portion of the combustion chamber is configured to receive the fuel mixture for the fuel mixture to be combusted at a combustion temperature. The combustion chamber is further configured to direct the resulting combustion product toward the outlet portion. The transpiration member directs a transpiration substance therethrough toward the combustion chamber for buffering interaction between the combustion product and the transpiration member. Associated systems, apparatuses, and methods are also provided.

A method of reducing pollutants exhausted into the atmosphere from the combustion of fossil fuels. The disclosed process removes nitrogen from air for combustion, separates the solid combustion products from the gases and vapors and can capture the entire vapor/gas stream for sequestration leaving near-zero emissions. The invention produces up to three captured material streams. The first stream is contaminant-laden water containing SO_x, residual NO_x particulates and particulate-bound Hg and other trace contaminants. The second stream can be a low-volume flue gas stream containing N₂ and O₂ if CO₂ purification is needed. The final product stream is a mixture comprising predominantly CO₂ with smaller amounts of H₂O, Ar, N₂, O₂, SO_X, NO_X, Hg, and other trace gases.

The burner preferably exclusively burns substantially explosible solid fuels and preferably has instant ON-OFF thermostat control, wastes no energy preheating the enclosure or external air supply, achieves stable combustion the moment the powder-air mix is ignited in our burner, is used in the upward vertical mode except for oil burner retrofits, burns a solid fuel in a single-phase regime as if it were a vaporized liquid or gas, is designed to complete combustion within the burner housing itself rather than in a large, high temperature furnace enclosure which it feeds, has an ultra-short residence time requirement, is a recycle consuming burner with self-contained management of initially unburned particles, is much smaller, simpler and lower cost, has a wider dynamic range/turndown ratio, is more efficient in combustion completeness and thermal efficiency, and operates with air-fuel mix approximately at the flame speed.

The present invention discloses a radial gradation double air regulation cyclone coal powder burner, including nozzle with burner, internal first air channel, external first air channel, internal second air channel, external second air channel, internal tooth profile combustion-stabilizing ring, external tooth profile combustion-stabilizing ring, double-cone flare, stopper coal powder concentrator and central pipe cyclone coal powder burner. It utilizes two air channels to implement radial gradation combustion.

The periodic equivalence ratio modulation (PERM) method and apparatus significantly reduces and/or eliminates unstable conditions within a combustion chamber. The method involves modulating the equivalence ratio for the combustion device, such that the combustion device periodically operates outside of an identified unstable oscillation region. The equivalence ratio is modulated between preselected reference points, according to the shape of the oscillation region and operating parameters of the system. Preferably, the equivalence ratio is modulated from a first stable condition to a second stable condition, and, alternatively, the equivalence ratio is modulated from a stable condition to an unstable condition. The method is further applicable to multi-nozzle combustor designs, whereby individual nozzles are alternately modulated from stable to unstable conditions. Periodic equivalence ratio modulation (PERM) is accomplished by active control involving periodic, low frequency fuel modulation, whereby low frequency fuel pulses are injected into the main fuel delivery. Importantly, the fuel pulses are injected at a rate so as not to affect the desired time-average equivalence ratio for the combustion device.

A precombustor having a chamber having a first end and a second end, and an inlet configured to deliver a substantially parallel flow of solid fuel surrounded by oxygen at the first end. The first end further includes a recirculation step and the second end fluidly communicates with a furnace. The inlet and the recirculation step are arranged to form a recirculation zone of at least a portion of the solid fuel and the oxygen. A combustion system and method for operating a combustion system are also disclosed.

A vortex burner of combustible micropowder i.e pulverized coal is prepared by setting primary cooling jacket with an ignition device at the centre of it and a flame detection device at jacket top cover ; arranging primary , secondary and tertiary cooling jackets in sequence coaxially as radial outwards to form primary and secondary air channel and cooling channel , tertiary micropowder channel and tertiary channel ; connecting primary air-channel to fuel gas inlet tube and gasifying agent inlet tube after they are combined for switching over two gases by valve ; setting spiral - flow device at secondary air-channel outlet and jetting out pulverized coal in spiral - flow way at its conveying tube outlet.

An oxygen-fuel combustion system combines oxygen and fuel to produce a flame. The system distributes oxygen to a stream of fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel at various sites before and after ignition. The system is operable to vary the concentration of oxygen in an oxygen-fuel mixture extant at those sites.

A fuel flexible furnace, including a main combustion zone, a reburn zone downstream from the main combustion zone, and a delivery system operably coupled to supplies of biomass and coal and configured to deliver the biomass and the coal as ingredients of first and reburn fuels to the main combustion zone and the reburn zone, with each fuel including flexible quantities of the biomass and/or the coal. The flexible quantities are variable with the furnace in an operating condition.

The invention discloses an oxygen-rich combustor, which comprises an oil gun barrel, a primary air swirl generator, an inner secondary air generator and an outer secondary air swirl generator arranged coaxially, wherein an oxygen injector is positioned between the primary air swirl generator and the inner secondary air generator and comprises an oxygen chamber, an oxygen inlet pipe and oxygen pipes, the oxygen inlet pipe is positioned at one end of the oxygen chamber, and the oxygen pipes are connected with the other end of the oxygen chamber; and the oxygen pipes are uniformly distributed along the circumference around the axial direction. The air or a circulating flue gas is used as primary air for conveying coal powder; the oxygen injector conveys the air or pure oxygen; the inner secondary air and the outer secondary air mainly are the air or the pure oxygen/the circulating flue gas; the swirling number adjustability of the outer secondary air swirl generator, the action of high-speed oxygen jet flows and the oxygen mixed mode ensure that primary and secondary wind momentums are adjustable, and are favorable for sufficient combustion, low pollutant emission and heat and mass transfer.

The invention provides a combined type multi-injector burner with a flammable powder body, which comprises an igniter burner positioned at the center of the burner and a plurality of process combustion nozzles which are evenly formed on the periphery of the igniter burner in the circumferential direction, wherein, each process combustion nozzle comprises a coal dust passage positioned at the center of each process combustion nozzle and a first annular oxidizer passage arranged outside the coal dust passage. In the combined type multi-injector burner, a plurality of process combustion nozzles and the igniter burner are assembled together, the structure is compact, and the combustion efficiency as well as the gasification efficiency are increased; the maintenance of each single process combustion nozzle is flexible, and the disassembly and the assembly are convenient; the process combustion nozzles can limberly adjust the load of the burner, mediums in a hearth can be mixed evenly through repeated impacts, the flame fullness degree is good, and a uniform multilayer cooling structure can protect the burner effectively and prolong the service life of the burner.

The invention described is a process for improving the performance of a commercial coal or lignite fired boiler system by supplementing its normal coal supply with a controlled quantity of thermally beneficiated low rank coal, (TBLRC). This supplemental TBLRC can be delivered either to the solid fuel mill (pulverizer) or directly to the coal burner feed pipe. Specific benefits are supplied based on knowledge of equipment types that may be employed on a commercial scale to complete the process. The thermally beneficiated low rank coal can be delivered along with regular coal or intermittently with regular coal as the needs require.

A portable pellet fired heating element for mounting to a grill or stove and comprising a gravity fed pellet holder, a unitary tubular structure having a burner, an air intake and an exhaust chute. Fuel may be supplied to the pellet holder by various supply means such as a conveyer, ramp, scooped, held in bulk in a hopper, and like pellet supply structures and methods. Fuel is fed to the air-cooled insulated burner area onto a decomposer grate, which defines the primary combustion area and which is partially open to the atmosphere for air intake. An adjustable high-pressure flow of gas or vapor is introduced to the primary exhaust chute below the decomposer grate to create a low pressure flow above the grate and which upon ignition, cause flames to be pulled into the pellet mass on the grate. In operation, air from the primary air intake maintains hot charcoal in the primary combustion area, and the secondary combustion area provides a steady flow of wood gas that mixes with a predetermined or adjustable amount of air supplied by the secondary air intake to maintain the flame. The super heated gasses and any ash are provided to the grill or stove by means of the exhaust chute. For cleaning purposes, an electrical/mechanical device may be provided to move the decomposer grate or to provide a sudden burst of high gas pressure.

A plurality of optical monitoring systems 220,320 sense the concentration of at least one constituent in flue gasses of a furnace 1 and its emission control devices. The monitoring devices 220,320 includes at least one optical source 221 for providing beams 223 through a sampling zone 18 to create a combined signal indicating the amount of various constituents within the sampling zone 18. The combined signal may be fed forward to emission control devices to prepare them for oncoming emissions. The combined signals may also feed backward to adjust the emission control devices. They may also be provided to a control unit 230 to control stoicheometry of the burners of furnace 1. This results in a more efficient system that reduces the amount of emissions released.

The invention discloses a novel oxygen enrichment tiny-oil ignition and ultralow load stable-combustion combustor. The novel oxygen enrichment tiny-oil ignition and ultralow load stable-combustion combustor comprises an oxygen enrichment guide pipe, a primary air pipe, a cylindrical oil-coal mixed combustion chamber, a secondary air pipe, a secondary air box and a pre-combustion chamber, wherein the central axes of the primary air pipe, the cylindrical oil-coal mixed combustion chamber, the secondary air pipe, the secondary air box and the pre-combustion chamber coincide. A secondary air inlet inclining in the circumferential direction is formed in the pipe wall of the secondary air box; the primary air pipe penetrates through the secondary air box in the axial direction, the oil-coal mixed combustion chamber is coaxially arranged in the primary air pipe, and a high-energy tiny-oil ignition oil gun and the oxygen enrichment guide pipe are arranged in the oil-coal mixed combustion chamber; the secondary air pipe with a rotational flow impeller is coaxially arranged outside the primary air pipe in a sleeved mode and an outlet end is provided with a bluff body; the pre-combustion chamber is arranged in the secondary air box, the inlet end of the pre-combustion chamber is provided with a graded air duct, and a plurality of disturbance air nozzles are installed in an outlet of the combustor. The ignition fuel saving ratio reaches over 90% and the novel oxygen enrichment tiny-oil ignition and ultralow load stable-combustion combustor has the function of low load stable combustion and the function of ultralow load stable combustion; the technologies of oxygen enrichment, coal dust concentration, graded air feeding and the like are adopted, so that the novel oxygen enrichment tiny-oil ignition and ultralow load stable-combustion combustor has the advantages of being high in coal dust burn-off rate, low in NOx discharge and the like.