147 results about "Atmospheric oxygen" patented technology

A beverage filter cartridge for use in a single serve beverage brewing machine, the cartridge including a sleeve with a cup-shaped filter pouch containing a beverage material sealed to the inside thereof proximate to a top end. The top end includes a flange to which a cover is sealed. A bottom cover of the sleeve seals the cartridge and to prevent spoilage of the beverage material by atmospheric oxygen. The cartridge includes a filter bag with a dry beverage material. The inner surface of the sleeve has a series of vertically oriented channels which allow for the brewed beverage to flow out of the sides of the filter hag and down the channels before exiting the cartridge at the bottom. The brewed beverage can flow out of the bottom of the cartridge either via the side of the filter bag through the channels or through the bottom of the filter bag.

The invention relates to a tire of a structural combination of tire tread and sidewall components with compositional limitations containing minimal, if any, of in situ formed alcohol and methyl isobutyl ketone byproducts. The tread component rubber composition contains pre-hydrophobated silica reinforcement. The sidewall component contains low unsaturation EPDM or brominated copolymer of isobutylene and p-methylstyrene and may contain pre-hydrophobated silica reinforcement. The silica reinforcement for said tread and sidewall components is a pre-hydrophobated precipitated silica. The pre-hydrophobated silica is prepared, prior to mixing with the elastomer(s), by reacting hydroxyl groups (e.g. silanol groups) contained on the surface of a precipitated silica with an alkoxyorganomercaptosilane or a combination of an alkoxyorganomercaptosilane and a substituted alkylsilane or with a bis-3(trialkoxysilylalkyl) polysulfide which contains an average of from 2 to 4 connecting sulfur atoms in its polysulfidic bridge to form a composite thereof. The alcohol byproduct therefrom is removed from the composite prior to its introduction into the rubber composition(s). In another aspect of the invention, the connecting sidewall rubber composition, and optionally the tread composition is free of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine antidegradant (referred herein to as 6PPD) in order to prevent in situ formation of methyl isobutyl ketone byproduct from the reaction of 6PPD with atmospheric oxygen and / or ozone.

A unit dose cleaning product comprising a capsule formed of a material capable of dissolving, disintegrating or dispersing in a wash liquor, the capsule being filled with a substantially non-aqueous liquid cleaning composition in an amount sufficient to clean a single wash load, said composition including an organic substance with forms of a complex with a transition metal, the complex being capable of catalysing bleaching of a substrate by atmospheric oxygen.

An oxygen generator for an oxygen-generation apparatus has a proton-conducting membrane (60), a cathode (50) contacting a first side, or cathodic side, of the membrane, an anode (70) contacting a second side, or anodic side, of the membrane, and a source of water for supply to the membrane. In use, an electrolysis voltage applied between the cathode and the anode causes electrolysis of the water to generate oxygen gas at the anode. Atmospheric oxygen, i.e. oxygen in the air, is substantially prevented from coming into contact with the cathode. For an acidic proton-conducting membrane this substantially prevents the formation of hydrogen peroxide at the cathode.

A vortex type gas lamp comprising a base and an axially extending-transparent shield. Gas is supplied near the bottom end of the shield. The shield is formed of a plurality (preferably two) axial curved sections which overlap one another at their axial edges to form tangentially directed port. Combustion of the gas with atmospheric oxygen admitted through the ports results in an axial vortex of burning gas useful for illumination, decoration and heat.

Improved processing and packaging for perishable goods such as red meats providing a processing system wherein ambient air is excluded and suitable gases such as carbon dioxide are provided at a suitable pressure and in such a manner as to increase the quantity of the gases dissolved in the perishable goods. Then providing a base and placing the perishable goods over the base. A flexible web of plastic wrapping material (second web) is then applied over the base and the goods and air or gas evacuated therefrom and replaced with a suitable gas. The base includes a cup-shaped tray with a recess (first web), of plastics or other suitable material, with side walls extending upwardly to connect to a narrow horizontally disposed flange. The first web, goods and second web are located inside a depression in a third web of gas barrier material and there together placed into an enclosed evacuation chamber. A suitable gas is provided in the chamber in such a manner as to displace substantially all other gas and particularly atmospheric oxygen that may be present with the enclosed goods and web materials. The third web is then sealed so as to enclose the goods with first and second webs. that the pressure of the gas may be increased to a level above atmospheric pressure. Most preferably the quantity of gas dissolved into the goods will be increased. Most preferably the gas introduced into the chamber and the space will enhance preservation of the packaging goods when contacting the goods. The first web, second web and third web are sealed together thereby producing a hermetically sealed package with the goods and a gas filled space contained therein to provide a sealed package. The sealed package can be stored for any convenient period of time after which the third web is can be removed so as to allow ambient air to contact the goods. The invention further includes the method and apparatus for producing the processed goods and packaging.

Transition metal complex compounds of polydentate ligands with improved delignifying and bleaching performance. These polydentate ligands are organic ligands which, in aqueous solution and in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, or hydrogen peroxide, form a complex with a transition metal, in particular cobalt. The complexes are mono- or polynuclear and they have, when peroxo compounds are used, better delignifying and bleaching performances than conventional transition metal complex compounds. A delignifying and bleaching method, in which these transition metal complex compounds with polydentate ligands having improved delignifying and bleaching performance are used as catalysts, is also described.

There is provided an enzymatic detergent composition which comprises: (a) surfactant; (b) 10-20,000 LU per gram of the detergent composition of a lipolytic enzyme obtainable from Humicola lanuginosa, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Rhizomucor miehei and (c) a non-cross-bridged polydentate N-donor ligand capable of forming a complex with a transition metal, wherein said complex is capable of catalysing the bleaching of stains on fabrics by means of atmospheric oxygen.

The invention relates to a method for producing hardened structural parts from sheet steel. The method includes shaping at least one shaped part made of sheet steel provided with a cathodic corrosion protection coating, performing any required final trim of the shaped part and possibly any required punching, or the creation of a perforation pattern, subsequently heating the shaped part, at least over partial areas, under the admission of atmospheric oxygen to a temperature which permits austenizing of the steel material, and thereafter transferring the structural part to a mold-hardening tool and performing mold-hardening in the mold-hardening tool, wherein the structural part is cooled by the contact with and pressing by the mold-hardening tool and is hardened thereby.

The invention is a hydrogen passivation shut down system for a fuel cell power plant (10, 200). During shut down of the plant (10, 200), hydrogen fuel is permitted to transfer between an anode flow path (24, 24′) and a cathode flow path (38, 38′). A controlled-oxidant flow device (209) near an oxygen source (58′) permits a minimal amount of atmospheric oxygen to enter the power plant (200) during shut down to equalize pressure between ambient atmosphere and the flow paths (24′, 28′) and to keep limited atmospheric oxygen entering the power plant (200) through the device (209) as far as possible from fuel cell flow fields (28′, 42′). A non-leaking hydrogen inlet valve (202), a non-leaking cathode exhaust valve (208), and a combined oxidant and fuel exhaust line (206) also minimize penetration of oxygen into the shut down power plant (200).

Enhanced printing solutions are enabled by providing ultraviolet curing conditions without requiring complete evacuation of atmospheric oxygen. Increased ink coverage and adjusted surface appearance are also provided.

This invention provides a container and associated growing process that promotes the growth of at least two different, specialized types of roots and that provides the optimal conditions for these two types of roots. In particular, the container defines an upper section that promotes growth of a fine intricate web of roots that is surrounded by an organic, non-organic or mixed organic and non-organic nutrient-rich medium. This upper section is separated by a permeable medium divider that allows predetermined quantities of water to pass into the upper section (to maintain desired moisture in the nutrient medium (soil), while a lower / bottom section contains a reservoir of hydroponic water that may be relatively free of any nutrients (e.g. “non-nutrient” water). Extending from the upper root ball are a series of water-drinking straw-like roots that transpire water directly from the non-nutrient reservoir and that are continually exposed to massive amounts of atmospheric oxygen. A transport (capillary) device allows water to wick from the reservoir into the upper section to maintain a desired level of moisture in the upper roots, and carrying with it additional dissolved oxygen via evaporation and transpiration. The bottom section can be filled with an acceptable porous, water-storing medium such as gravel or rock wool. The permeable medium divider can include one or more capillary devices that allow transfer of water from the lower reservoir into the upper section. In certain embodiments, the divider can include a series of formations that allow it to sit in an elevated manner on a water-containing structure (such as a sponge-like medium).

Pressure and density of a gaseous mixture are increased in the process of introducing the gaseous mixture into the combustor of an air-breathing pulse detonation engine employing atmospheric oxygen as an oxidizer. The exit valve 20 able to be opened and closed is provided at the outlet of the combustor 15, an air cooler 12 is provided in the exit of the intake, and density is increased by exchange of heat of the air received at the intake with a coolant in the air cooler 12. Furthermore, by closing the exit valve 20 provided in the outlet of the combustor during the process of loading the gaseous mixture, transition to the detonation process is possible without expansion of the high-pressure high density air obtained by ram-compression at the intake.

The wastewater treatment systems have a plurality of treatment modules between the inlet and the outlet, each for treating water with a selected process. Influent is directed to a covered anaerobic reactor, and then to an attached growth pretreatment filter that is at least intermittently exposed to atmospheric oxygen. Following the filter is a hydroponic reactor followed by a vertical-flow wetland. A second embodiment includes, following the filter, a tidal vertical-flow wetland and a pump for recycling water exiting the wetland upstream of the filter.

Refractive index modifications such as e.g. Fiber Bragg gratings in micro-structured Fiber are according to an aspect of the invention fabricated by first filling and / or purging the holes of the micro-structured fiber with inert gas or by evacuation and, optionally subsequently scaling the ends. Alternatively, the ends of the micro-structured fiber may be sealed without a preceding purging or evacuation of the holes. In this way hydrogen or deuterium present in the holes after photosensitizing loading will not react with atmospheric oxygen to form water. Water formed this way would otherwise seriously impair the grating formation process. Bragg gratings and other refractive index structures can thus be fabricated with high quality and predictable specifications in micro-structured fiber. Sealing the fiber ends also prevents in-diffusion of moisture. The invention may e.g. find application in connection with fiber optical sensors, high-power fiber lasers, etc.

The invention relates to a method for producing a hardened steel part having a cathodic corrosion protection, whereby a) a coating is applied to a sheet made of a hardenable steel alloy in a continuous coating process; b) the coating is essentially comprised of zinc; c) the coating additionally contains one or more oxygen-affine elements in a total amount of 0.1% by weight to 15% by weight with regard to the entire coating; d) the coated steel sheet is then, at least in partial areas and with the admission of atmospheric oxygen, brought to a temperature necessary for hardening and is heated until it undergoes a microstructural change necessary for hardening, whereby; e) a superficial skin is formed on the coating from an oxide of the oxygen-affine element(s), and; f) the sheet is shaped before or after heating, and; g) the sheet is cooled after sufficient heating, whereby the cooling rate is calculated in order to achieve a hardening of the sheet alloy. The invention also relates to a corrosion protection layer for the hardened steel part and to the steel part itself.

A bleaching composition is presented having a) an enzyme which produces hydrogen peroxide from atmospheric oxygen, b) a substrate for said enzyme, and c) a transition metal compound, where the enzyme is covalently bound to the transition metal compound. The bleaching composition is useful in disinfectants and laundry detergents as a bleaching component and for inhibiting the transfer of dyes.

The invention relates to a tire of a structural combination of tire tread and sidewall components with compositional limitations containing minimal, if any, of in situ formed alcohol and methyl isobutyl ketone byproducts. The tread component rubber composition contains pre-hydrophobated silica reinforcement. The sidewall component contains low unsaturation EPDM or brominated copolymer of isobutylene and p-methylstyrene and may contain pre-hydrophobated silica reinforcement. The silica reinforcement for said tread and sidewall components is a pre-hydrophobated precipitated silica. The pre-hydrophobated silica is prepared, prior to mixing with the elastomer(s), by reacting hydroxyl groups (e.g. silanol groups) contained on the surface of a precipitated silica with an alkoxyorganomercaptosilane or a combination of an alkoxyorganomercaptosilane and a substituted alkylsilane or with a bis-3(trialkoxysilylalkyl) polysulfide which contains an average of from 2 to 4 connecting sulfur atoms in its polysulfidic bridge to form a composite thereof. The alcohol byproduct therefrom is removed from the composite prior to its introduction into the rubber composition(s). In another aspect of the invention, the connecting sidewall rubber composition, and optionally the tread composition is free of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine antidegradant (referred herein to as 6PPD) in order to prevent in situ formation of methyl isobutyl ketone byproduct from the reaction of 6PPD with atmospheric oxygen and / or ozone.

The invention relates to a bioaugmentation treatment technology of the high ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The treatment technology is characterized in that under the condition that dissolved oxygen exists in the high ammonia nitrogen wastewater, an aerobic pool, an aerobic filter and a membrane pool are established, wherein by utilizing the metabolism of the aerobic microorganism, high concentration of organic substances are degraded, the organic substances with high molecular weight and energy are converted to substances with low molecular weight and energy; the aerobic pool adopts internal circulation and large-scale external circulation hydraulic agitation; and the aerobic filter is filled with novel fixed enzyme-floating filler and immobilized microorganism and microporous aeration and jet aeration are combined for aeration, thus the flow pattern of the nitrification filter is improved. Compared with the prior art, the system of the invention has high sludge concentration and the corresponding volume loading is also high, thus the floor space is small and the capital cost is low; the conversion rate and utilization rate of atmospheric oxygen is high, the effect of mass transfer is good, the anti-shock loading capability of the system is high, the effluent quality is stable; the operating cost is low; the density is increased relatively, the solid-liquid separating effect is good and the yield of excess sludge is low.

A laminate comprising two or more films (26, 28), at least one of the films being a coextruded, multilayer film (26), wherein the laminate delaminates within the coextruded, multilayer film (26) when the laminate is subjected to a peel force ranging from 0.001 to 2.5 pounds per inch. The laminate adavantageously provides the lid (24) for a package and delaminates into a substantially gas-impermeable portion and a gas-permeable portion, with the gas-permeable portion being bonded directly to a product support member (12) of the package. In this manner, the gas-impermeable portion may be peelably removed from the package to allow atmospheric oxygen to enter the interior of the package. The gas-permeable portion may be provided by perforating the delaminatable, coextruded film (26) and bonding such film to the support member (12) so that, when the laminate is caused to be delaminated within the perforated, coextruded film (26), the perforations are exposed to the ambient atmosphere, and thereby allow for rapid ingress of oxygen into the interior of the package.

The invention relates to ligands or complexes useful as catalysts for catalytically bleaching substrates with atmospheric oxygen, and as catalysts in the of treatment of textiles such as laundry fabrics whereby bleaching by atmospheric oxygen is catalysed after the treatment. The ligand is of the general formula:whereinR1, R2, and R3 independently represent a group selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, -NH-C(NH)NH2, -R and -OR, wherein R=alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or a carbonyl derivative group, R being optionally substituted by one or more functional groups, and provided that two of R1, R2 and R3 are coordinating groups and one of R1, R2 and R3 is a non-coordinating group;Q independently represents a group selected from C2-3-alkylene optionally substituted by H, benzyl or C1-8-alkyl; andQ1, Q2 and Q3 independently represent specified linking groups.

The wastewater treatment systems have a plurality of treatment modules between the inlet and the outlet, each for treating water with a selected process. Influent is directed to a covered anaerobic reactor, and then to an attached growth pretreatment filter that is at least intermittently exposed to atmospheric oxygen. Following the filter is a hydroponic reactor followed by a vertical-flow wetland. A second embodiment includes, following the filter, a tidal vertical-flow wetland and a pump for recycling water exiting the wetland upstream of the filter.

This invention exploits the concept of Staged Heat and Mass Transfer (SHMT) to enhance operability, control robustness and intrinsic safety in preventing corrosion while recovering material, and energy if desirable, in process waste streams. Two applications illustrating the improvements based on the SHMT concept are given. One application illustrates novel design features to recover vent from a steam boiler deaeration system, positively eliminating the risk of oxygen and carbon dioxide accumulation in deaerator. The other application illustrates process adaptations of the same SHMT concept to recover steam, steam condensate, and fugitive emissions involving particulate materials if desirable, from any process vents from vessels that are opened to the atmosphere. Again, without the risk of corrosion by atmospheric oxygen.

A reversible physiological process provides for the temporal separation of oxygen evolution and hydrogen production in a microorganism, which includes the steps of growing a culture of the microorganism in medium under illuminated conditions to accumulate an endogenous substrate, depleting from the medium a nutrient selected from the group consisting of sulfur, iron, and / or manganese, sealing the culture from atmospheric oxygen, incubating the culture in light whereby a rate of light-induced oxygen production is equal to or less than a rate of respiration, and collecting an evolved gas. The process is particularly useful to accomplish a sustained photobiological hydrogen gas production in cultures of microorganisms, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Pressure and density of a gaseous mixture are increased in the process of introducing the gaseous mixture into the combustor of an air-breathing pulse detonation engine employing atmospheric oxygen as an oxidizer. The exit valve 20 able to be opened and closed is provided at the outlet of the combustor 15, an air cooler 12 is provided in the exit of the intake, and density is increased by exchange of heat of the air received at the intake with a coolant in the air cooler 12. Furthermore, by closing the exit valve 20 provided in the outlet of the combustor during the process of loading the gaseous mixture, transition to the detonation process is possible without expansion of the high-pressure high density air obtained by ram-compression at the intake.

The invention relates to a device which enables to ensure or improve considerably the safety of storage, transfer, transport and handling of dangerous and / or potentially reactive products (206), under an industrial scale environment, at essentially atmospheric temperatures and pressures. The inherent danger of such products induce the risk of large-scale, unexpected and sometimes unexplained fires / explosions, and their massive spill out result in environmental pollution and sometimes toxic emissions. The inventive device introduces the principle of danger evaluation and of redundant levels of safety components and interventions aimed at keeping the risk of accident under control. In the particular embodiment concerning fuel gases-vapours, where fire / explosion can only occur in the presence of an oxidizer such as atmospheric oxygen, the device ensures that the fuel is prevented from remaining in contact or mixed with atmospheric air for instance, and prevents massive fuel spill out if the reservoir structure is ruptured following accidental impact or exposure to the heat of a surrounding fire.

The present invention relates to an improved method for the preparation of hollow cellulose vessels produced by a microorganism, and hollow cellulose vessels prepared by this method. The method is characterized by the culturing of the cellulose-producing microorganisms being performed on the outer surface of a hollow carrier, and providing an oxygen containing gas on the inner side of the hollow carrier, the oxygen containing gas having an oxygen level higher than atmospheric oxygen. The hollow microbial cellulose vessels of the present invention are characterized by improved mechanical properties and can be used in surgical procedures to replace or repair an internal hollow organ such as the urethra, ureter, the trachea, a digestive tract, a lymphatic vessel or a blood vessel

The invention provides a method for realization of online calibration of photoacoustic spectroscopy system pool constants by use of oxygen in atmosphere, and relates to the method for realization of online calibration of the photoacoustic spectroscopy system pool constants. Part of light emitted by a laser emits into a wavemeter by a beam splitter prism, and another part of the light emitted by the laser emits into a photoelectric detector by an electro-optic intensity modulator and a photoacoustic cell, the photoelectric detector inputs into a computer; an atmosphere flow enters into the photoacoustic cell, a microphone picks up photoacoustic signals to input into the computer; the computer calculates to obtain system constants by combination of collected data and atmospheric oxygen concentration and absorption coefficients, and the like. The method solves the technical problems of uncertainty and inconvenient use brought by the fact that a gas detection instrument in the prior art needs calibration by use of a standard gas. The beneficial effects of the method are that: by use of the known and relatively stable characteristics of the atmospheric oxygen concentration for calibration, uncertainty brought by the standard gas can be avoided, and the on-line calibration function can be realized. The operation is convenient, the calibration is accurate, and the method provides the reliable theoretical basis for online calibration of a photoacoustic spectroscopy system.

The invention relates to catalytically bleaching substrates, especially laundry fabrics, with atmospheric oxygen and selective application of a peroxyl species to specific types of stain.

An apparatus and method for converting fluid molecules from a liquid state into a vapor state wherein the fluid has unnatural bond angles. The apparatus comprises a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit, a chamber to contain the RC circuit and the fluid and a power source to provide power to the RC circuit. The RC circuit comprises an anode, a cathode and a plurality of substantially parallel electrically conductive plates. Current through the RC circuit generates a frequency that modifies the bond angles of molecules in a vapor state. Ignition of these molecules with unnatural bond angles reverts the molecules back to normal bond angles with a release of energy that can be utilized in many different applications without the release of toxic or noxious gases, greenhouse gases or any interaction with the atmosphere or the consumption of any atmospheric oxygen. For example, the molecules with unnatural bond angles may be used in engines to power a motorized vehicle.