451results about How to "Eliminate emissions" patented technology

The present invention relates to the generation of substantially pollution free energy by utilizing hydrocarbons to create electrical energy, while reinjecting exhaust fumes or other byproducts into a subterranean formation. Thus, remote, low reserve oil and gas fields may be exploited and produced without requiring the construction of expensive gas transmission lines.

A semi-closed combined cycle power system 100 is provided which can also convert an open combined cycle gas turbine 10 into a non-polluting zero emissions power system. The prior art open combined cycle gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 20 which compresses air A' and combusts the air A' with a fuel, such as natural gas. The products of combustion and the remaining portions of the air form the exhaust E' which is expanded through the turbine 40. The turbine 40 drives the compressor 20 and outputs power. The exhaust E' exits the turbine 40 and then can optionally be routed through a heat recovery steam generator 50 to function as a combined cycle. According to this invention, the exhaust E' is not emitted into the atmosphere, but rather is routed to a divider 110. The divider 110 includes two outlets for the exhaust E' including a return duct 120 and a separation duct 130 which both receive a portion of the exhaust E'. The return duct 120 routes a portion of the exhaust E' back to the compressor 20. Before reaching the compressor 20, an oxygen duct 150 adds additional oxygen to the exhaust E' to form a gas mixture C which includes CO2 and steam from the exhaust E' and oxygen from the oxygen duct 150. This gas mixture C has characteristics which mimic those of air, so that the compressor 20 need not be modified to effectively compress the gas mixture C. The gas mixture C is compressed within the compressor 20 and routed to the combustor 30 where the fuel combusts with the oxygen of the gas mixture C' and produces exhaust E' which is substantially entirely CO2 and steam. This exhaust E' is routed through the turbine 40 and expanded to drive the compressor 20 and output power. The exhaust E' exits the turbine 40 and is routed back to the divider 110, preferably by way of a heat recovery steam generator 50 or other heat removal device, so that the semi-closed cycle operates as a combined cycle power system 100. The divider 110 directs a portion of the exhaust E' to a separation duct 130 which leads to a condenser 140. In the condenser 140 the exhaust E' is separated by condensation of the steam/water portion of the exhaust and removal of the remaining CO2 as gas from the condenser 140. The only exhaust from the semi-closed power system 100 is water and CO2 from the condenser. The CO2 exhaust is substantially pure and ready for appropriate further handling and disposal. Hence, no pollutants are emitted from the semi-closed power system 100. The return duct 120 can

The exhaust gas of internal combustion engines operated with a predominantly stoichiometric air/fuel mixture contains, as well as the gaseous hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO_x) pollutants, also ultrafine particulates. The introduction of the EU-5 exhaust gas standard in Europe in 2010 will for the first time impose a legal limit to these particulate emissions for gasoline vehicles. Future exhaust gas cleaning concepts for these vehicles must include devices for removing these particulates.

A catalytically active particulate filter, an exhaust gas cleaning system and a process for cleaning the exhaust gases of predominantly stoichiometrically operated internal combustion engines are presented, which are suitable, as well as the gaseous CO, HC and NO_x pollutants, also for removing particulates from the exhaust gas. The particulate filter comprises a filter body and a catalytically active coating consisting of two layers. Both layers contain alumina. The first layer contains palladium. The second layer contains rhodium. The latter is disposed above the first layer.

Provided is a mobile lighting device that can derive power from a renewable energy source, such as solar power. The device can comprise a mobile base unit that can house one or more components of the device. The device further can comprise a solar power module associated with the mobile base unit that converts solar energy into electrical current. The device also can comprise a lighting module associated with the mobile base unit that is at least partially powered either directly or indirectly using the electrical current from the solar power module. The device further can comprise a solar power storage module, such as comprising one or more batteries, for storing energy and discharging as electrical current for powering the lighting module, which can be positioned atop a mast that can be extendable, pivotable, and/or rotatable. The invention also provides methods and systems for illuminating areas.

A light source device includes a first light source 33, a second light source 35 having an emission wavelength that is different from the first light source 33, and a phosphor 43 that is disposed to be distant from the first light source 33 and the second light source 35 and absorbs light in a predetermined excitation wavelength band to emit fluorescence. The phosphor 43 is disposed on an emission light optical path that is shared by the first light source 33 and the second light source 35. The emission wavelength of the first light source 33 is in the predetermined excitation wavelength band. The emission wavelength of the second light source 35 is outside of the predetermined excitation wavelength band.

The present invention is an electric car with a maximized solar panel assist. Since batteries are normally charged at night while solar energy is created during the day, this system creates an almost continuous flow of electricity to the batteries. Since the weight and cost of the batteries are the main handicap for electric cars and a continuous flow of electricity minimizes the need for a large and expensive battery system, this is the most logical way to build a viable electric car.

A method and apparatus for vacuum arc deposition of carbon on a substrate inhibits or eliminates emission of contaminating carbon particles in the ion plasma by maintaining an elevated local plasma pressure at the cathode or target surface, thereby minimizing the role of heat conduction in the creation of the particles and strongly increasing the electron emission cooling effects.

The invention discloses an indirect air cooling method and a system with the working fluid of parallel-connected obverse and inverse refrigeration cycles. Based on the phase transition in the working fluid cooling process, a double-phase transition heat exchanger and a single-phase transition heat exchanger are respectively coupled with an obverse refrigeration cycle and an inverse refrigeration cycle which are connected in parallel; the saturated gaseous refrigerant from the phase-transition heat exchangers is compressed, boosted and then sent to an air-cooled radiator for exothermic condensation, then the condensed refrigerant enters a liquid storage tank and is decompressed through a throttle valve and sent to the phase-transition heat exchangers so as to complete the obverse refrigeration cycle; or the saturated gaseous refrigerant from the phase-transition heat exchangers is throttled and decompressed through a thermal expansion valve and then sent to the air-cooled radiator and the liquid storage tank, pressurized by a booster pump and finally sent back to the phase-transition heat exchangers so as to complete the inverse refrigeration cycle. The method and the system can be widely applied to the cooling systems of the condensers in thermal power, nuclear power and other turbine-generator units or the cooling systems of the intercoolers in petroleum, chemical and other industries to reduce energy consumption, save investments, as well as improve water-saving rate and the adaptability of the cooling system to the environment; therefore, the method and the system are provided with promotional values and can produce larger social environmental benefits and economic benefits after implementation.

The invention relates to a tobacco remanufacturing process by a spinning method, belonging to the chemical technology of tobacco, in particular to a tobacco remanufacturing process for remanufacturing the tobacco and tobacco shreds by utilizing smoked sheets, tobacco waste and tobacco stalks. The tobacco remanufacturing process is characterized in that the remanufactured tobacco shreds with different shapes and structures are produced by carrying out the procedures of blending, bulking, grinding, gelatinizing, high-pressure spinning and shred baking on raw materials, and comprise hollow remanufactured tobacco shreds. Compared with the traditional processes such as a thick slurry method, a rolling method and a papermaking method, the tobacco remanufacturing process has the benefits that the utilization ratio of the tobacco is improved from 85%-95% to be close to 100%, no sewage and waste are discharged, the quality of the tobacco shreds is improved, the application range of the remanufactured tobacco shreds is expanded, the process flow is simple and easy to control, the automatic production is easy to be realized and the sensing quality and the production efficiency are improved.

The invention relates to an alloy material suitable for an inert anode of a metal fused-salt electrolysis cell, relating to metal fused-salt electrolysis, in particular to a carbon-free metal-base alloy inert anode of an aluminium electrolysis cell. The carbon-free metal-base alloy inert anode of the aluminium electrolysis cell is characterized in that the alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5-30% of Ni, 5-20% of Al, and the balance of Cu. The alloy material suitable for the inert anode of the metal fused-salt electrolysis cell is suitable for a lower-temperature (700 DEG C-850 DEG C) electrolyte system; in addition, the alloy inert anode has good high-temperature oxidation resistance and electrolyte corrosion resistance in the electrolytic processes, and electrolyzed aluminium products reach the quality more than 99.7 percent.

Ammonia and optionally carbon monoxide are injected into the flue gas containing metals such as mercury in a manner so that there are sufficient amounts of these materials in the flue gas when the flue gas is at a temperature of from 900° F. to 1,450° F. to oxidize the metals within the flue gas. The oxidized metals are then attracted to particulates present in the flue gas. Oxidation is facilitated by a reaction zone stabilizer through which the flue gas flows. The stabilizer provides a stable continuous ignition front. These particulates bound with oxidized metals are removed from the flue gas by a particulate removal device such as an electrostatic precipitator or baghouse. After the ammonia is injected, the flue gas can be rapidly cooled to a temperature below 500° F. to minimize decomposition of oxidized metals in the flue gas.

This invention relates to the cleaning of objects that relate to semiconductor printing, such as, for example, screening masks. This invention is basically directed to removing, for example, an organic polymer-metal composite paste from screening masks used in printing conductive metal patterns onto ceramic green sheets in the fabrication of semiconductor packaging substrates. More particularly, this invention is concerned with the automated in-line cleaning of paste screening masks with an aqueous alkaline solution of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide as a more environmentally friendly alternative to non-aqueous organic solvents-based cleaning in screening operations for the production multilayer ceramic (MLC) substrates.

The invention discloses a continuous recovery device and a continuous recovery process of vanadium, molybdenum and titanium in an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) waste catalyst, wherein a crusher is connected with a secondary magnetic separation device, the secondary magnetic separation device is connected with a tunnel kiln, the tunnel kiln is connected with a smasher, the smasher is connected with an alkaline leaching kettle, the alkaline leaching kettle is connected with a suction filtration groove, the suction filtration groove is connected with a vacuum evaporation tank, the vacuum evaporation tank is connected with a vanadium sedimentation reaction tank, and the vanadium sedimentation reaction tank is connected with a molybdenum sedimentation suction filtration groove; the alkaline leaching kettle is clamped outside the reaction kettle, a top overflow opening is positioned in the upper side of the jacket, a charging opening and a filling opening are positioned in the upper part of the reaction kettle, and the filling opening is guided to the middle part of the reaction kettle by virtue of a guide pipe. According to the continuous device disclosed by the invention, the production efficiency is effectively improved, thereby facilitating subsequent automatic and continuous production. A flat plate type flue gas denitrification catalyst is continuously recovered, infiltrating water is recycled, and the water yield is greatly saved.

Methods and systems for operating an apertureless microscope for observing one or more features to a molecular sensitivity on objects are described. More particularly, the method includes moving a tip of a probe coupled to a cantilever in a vicinity of a feature of a sample, which emits one or more photons at a detected rate relative to a background rate of the sample based upon the presence of the tip of the probe in the vicinity of the feature. The method modifies the detected rate of the feature of the sample, whereupon the modifying of the detected rate causes the feature of the sample to enhance relative to background rate of the feature.

The invention discloses a method and a device for solar reduction iron making. The device comprises a solar photovoltaic cell, a wind driven generator, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen heating chamber, a solar reduction furnace and gas treatment equipment. The hydrogen heating chamber and the reduction furnace are provided with a composite optical heating system consisting of a condenser, a heliostat and heat absorbing equipment. In the process of solar reduction iron making, hydrogen prepared by electrolyzing water is used as a reducing agent, the hydrogen is preheated and heat is provided for iron oxide reduction through a photo-thermal principle, the preheated hydrogen is introduced into the solar reduction furnace for reduction reaction so as to generate iron, the iron is smelted into molten iron, and the rest hydrogen is purified, and fed into a system for recycle through a circulating fan. Through the solar reduction iron making, non-renewable energy resources are saved, and the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2 and the like is avoided. The electrolyzed hydrogen does not contain any harmful impurities, the temperature required by reduction in the reduction iron making process taking the hydrogen as the reducing agent is low, the reaction time is short, carbon dioxide is not generated, and the reduced iron has good quality.

A high temperature electrolyzer assembly comprising at least one electrolyzer fuel cell including an anode and a cathode separated by an electrolyte matrix, and a power supply for applying a reverse voltage to the at least one electrolyzer fuel cell, wherein a gas feed comprising steam and one or more of CO2 and hydrocarbon fuel is fed to the anode of the at least one electrolyzer fuel cell, and wherein, when the power supply applies the reverse voltage to the at least one electrolyzer fuel cell, hydrogen-containing gas is generated by an electrolysis reaction in the anode of the at least one electrolyzer fuel cell and carbon dioxide is separated from the hydrogen-containing gas so that the at least one electrolyzer fuel cell outputs the hydrogen-containing gas and separately outputs an oxidant gas comprising carbon dioxide and oxygen.

The invention relates to a tire of a structural combination of tire tread and sidewall components with compositional limitations containing minimal, if any, of in situ formed alcohol and methyl isobutyl ketone byproducts. The tread component rubber composition contains pre-hydrophobated silica reinforcement. The sidewall component contains low unsaturation EPDM or brominated copolymer of isobutylene and p-methylstyrene and may contain pre-hydrophobated silica reinforcement. The silica reinforcement for said tread and sidewall components is a pre-hydrophobated precipitated silica. The pre-hydrophobated silica is prepared, prior to mixing with the elastomer(s), by reacting hydroxyl groups (e.g. silanol groups) contained on the surface of a precipitated silica with an alkoxyorganomercaptosilane or a combination of an alkoxyorganomercaptosilane and a substituted alkylsilane or with a bis-3(trialkoxysilylalkyl) polysulfide which contains an average of from 2 to 4 connecting sulfur atoms in its polysulfidic bridge to form a composite thereof. The alcohol byproduct therefrom is removed from the composite prior to its introduction into the rubber composition(s). In another aspect of the invention, the connecting sidewall rubber composition, and optionally the tread composition is free of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine antidegradant (referred herein to as 6PPD) in order to prevent in situ formation of methyl isobutyl ketone byproduct from the reaction of 6PPD with atmospheric oxygen and/or ozone.