QRA-based hydrogen refueling station sensor optimization arrangement method

Abstract

The invention provides a QRA (Quantitative Risk Assessment)-based hydrogen refueling station sensor optimization arrangement method. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a QRA model of a hydrogen refueling station; the quantitative risk assessment model comprises geometric layout of the hydrogen refueling station, equipment leakage frequency, specific leakage parameters, meteorological conditions, population distribution and the like; calculating the risk of the hydrogen refueling station based on the quantitative risk assessment model of the hydrogen refueling station; the hydrogen refueling station risk comprises personal risk and social risk around the hydrogen refueling station, the two risks are combined to find out a dangerous source which contributes to the overall risk, and the sensor distribution density is optimized. The method can determine the main source of the risk of the hydrogen refueling station, thereby achieving the purpose of reasonable arrangement of the sensors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen refueling station sensor arrangement, and in particular to a hydrogen refueling station sensor optimization arrangement method based on QRA. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is regarded as the most promising green energy in the 21st century due to its advantages such as sustainability, high energy density and wide sources. Fuel cell vehicles are an important field of hydrogen energy development. With the rapid rise of the fuel cell vehicle industry, the increase in demand for hydrogen energy has become an inevitable trend. Among them, hydrogen refueling stations are important infrastructure to ensure the large-scale use of hydrogen energy. However, due to the flammable and explosive characteristics of hydrogen, safety issues have become the key to restricting the development of hydrogen refueling stations. Therefore, hydrogen refueling stations are generally equipped with hydrogen sensors to monitor hydrogen leaks. At present, hydrogen sensors in hydrogen refueling stations are mostly arranged based on on-site practical experience, which is easy to cause improper arrangement by manufacturers. Few documents and patents optimize the layout of hydrogen sensors from the perspective of risk source identification. Chinese invention patent CN113221303A discloses "a method for optimizing the arrangement of hydrogen sensors in semi-enclosed spaces". Based on the detection range of hydrogen concentration sensors, the uncovered area is calculated, thereby proposing a method for optimizing sensor arrangement. However, this method does not take into account the differences between the hydrogen leakage probabilities of different components, which leads to redundancy in the sensor arrangement method.

[0003] Quantitative risk assessment is a means of quantifying the frequency and severity of accidents, allowing the frequency and consequences of accidents in a facility or operation to be expressed and the risk level to be estimated. In recent years, due to the rapid development of the number of hydrogen refueling stations and the increasing number of hydrogen incidents, more and more researchers have used quantitative risk assessment methods for safety research on hydrogen refueling stations. Chinese patent CN202210631748.6 discloses "a quantitative assessment method for hydrogen leakage safety accidents in hydrogen refueling stations". Through this method, according to the operating process of the hydrogen refueling station implemented, the hydrogen refueling station monitoring facilities are used to monitor the hydrogen refueling station in real time, obtain the corresponding safety accident sources in time, and conduct risk assessment. However, this method can only conduct risk assessment of accidents based on the process procedures and monitoring data of the implemented hydrogen refueling station, and cannot effectively utilize historical data worldwide to obtain the leakage probability of each equipment in the hydrogen refueling station under local meteorological conditions, and also does not further derive the optimal layout method of sensors. Therefore, based on the probability of hydrogen leakage accidents that have occurred in history and combined with the local meteorological and facility layout of the implemented hydrogen refueling stations, a quantitative risk assessment is carried out to derive an optimized layout method for hydrogen concentration sensors. However, there is still a gap and quantitative in-depth research is needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for optimizing the layout of hydrogen refueling station sensors based on QRA, analyze the overall risk of the hydrogen refueling station, identify the main risk sources in the hydrogen refueling station, and thus achieve the purpose of reasonable layout of hydrogen sensors.

[0005] A method for optimizing the arrangement of sensors in a hydrogen refueling station based on QRA comprises the following steps:

[0006] Establishing a quantitative risk assessment model for hydrogen refueling stations; the quantitative risk assessment model includes the geometric layout of hydrogen refueling stations, specific parameters and frequency of leakage, meteorological conditions, population distribution, etc.;

[0007] The risk of the hydrogen refueling station is calculated based on the quantitative risk assessment model of the hydrogen refueling station; the risk of the hydrogen refueling station includes personal risk and social risk around the hydrogen refueling station, and the two are combined to find out the dangerous sources that contribute more to the overall risk, and optimize the sensor distribution density.

[0008] Preferably, the establishment of a quantitative risk assessment model specifically includes:

[0009] Obtain a map of the hydrogen refueling station and the location information of each device and building in the hydrogen refueling station, including hydrogen storage equipment, process equipment, hydrogen refueling machine, control room, etc., and establish a geometric model;

[0010] Determine the storage form, storage pressure and temperature of hydrogen in each device, investigate and determine the initial events of leakage in different devices and determine the accident frequency. The initial events include pinhole leakage and catastrophic rupture. Determine the ignition frequency after leakage according to the leakage status;

[0011] Statistics on meteorological conditions in the area where the hydrogen refueling station is located, including wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, etc., taking multiple main wind directions and typical wind speeds as inputs. The frequencies of different wind directions and wind speeds are obtained based on historical data, and the temperature and humidity are taken as historical averages;

[0012] Investigate the population distribution around hydrogen refueling stations, including people inside the stations, people on the roads, and people in nearby office buildings and residential areas.

[0013] Preferably, the calculating the risk of the hydrogen refueling station based on the hydrogen refueling station quantitative risk assessment model specifically includes:

[0014] Use consequence calculation software to calculate the overpressure distribution caused by explosion and the thermal radiation distribution caused by fire under different accident scenarios;

[0015] Combine the frequency and consequences of accidents to quantify the results and obtain individual and social risks;

[0016] Conduct risk contribution analysis on the main activity areas of personnel in the hydrogen refueling station to identify the main risk sources, distribute more hydrogen sensors near the risk sources, and optimize the sensor layout.

[0017] Preferably, the personal risk refers to the probability of death of an individual at a location point in the region, that is, the risk of a given location, regardless of whether there are people there, so it is also called geographical risk. The personal risk generated at a point (x, y) in a region is calculated by the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] R(x, y) is the calculated individual risk at (x, y); fs is the probability of the Sth accident; vs is the probability of the Sth accident leading to the death of the individual at (x, y).

[0020] Preferably, the social risk refers to the cumulative frequency of all accidents that result in the death of N or more people each year, which is related to the distribution of personnel. Therefore, for a scene where no personnel are present, the social risk is 0. The social risk is expressed as the relationship between the number of deaths and the cumulative frequency when an accident occurs in a fixed area:

[0021]

[0022] f N(x) is the probability density function of the annual number of deaths N; F N(x) is the probability distribution function of the annual death toll N, indicating the probability that the number of deaths per year is less than x; P f(x) is the probability that the number of deaths per year is greater than x.

[0023] In the optional example provided by the present invention, the present invention adopts a quantitative risk assessment method to calculate the risk of the hydrogen refueling station, and then determines the optimal layout of the hydrogen refueling station sensors. Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0024] 1) Comprehensively considering various accident scenarios, including different equipment, meteorological conditions, population distribution, etc., a full-scenario safety risk assessment was carried out, which can clearly identify the main risk sources in the hydrogen refueling station, get rid of the previous reliance on on-site practical experience to arrange hydrogen sensors. The improper layout and other problems caused by this provide guidance for the optimization of the installation location of hydrogen sensors.

[0025] 2) This method has a wide range of applications, is quick and simple to implement, and can be used to optimize the layout of hydrogen concentration sensors in various types of hydrogen refueling stations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for optimizing the arrangement of sensors in a hydrogen refueling station based on QRA according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2A map of the surrounding area of ​​the hydrogen refueling station according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of a hydrogen refueling station according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the initial position and optimized position of the hydrogen sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the examples of the present invention. Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of a method for optimizing the layout of hydrogen refueling station sensors based on QRA in the present invention. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the QRA-based hydrogen station sensor optimization layout method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps.

[0032] Step 101: Establishing a quantitative risk assessment model for hydrogen refueling stations; the quantitative risk assessment model includes geometric layout of hydrogen refueling stations, specific parameters and frequency of leakage, meteorological conditions, population distribution, etc.;

[0033] Step 102: Calculate the risk of the hydrogen refueling station based on the hydrogen refueling station quantitative risk assessment model; the risk of the hydrogen refueling station includes personal risk and social risk around the hydrogen refueling station, and combine the two to find out the hazard sources that contribute more to the overall risk, and optimize the sensor distribution density.

[0034] The step 101 specifically includes:

[0035] Obtain a map of the vicinity of the hydrogen refueling station and the location information of each device and building in the hydrogen refueling station, including liquid hydrogen tank 101, cryogenic pump 102, evaporator 103, pipeline trailer 104, compressor 104, buffer tank 106, hydrogenation machine 107, and establish a geometric model, such as Figure 2 , 3 Shown

[0036] Determine the storage form, storage pressure and temperature of hydrogen in each device. Determine the initial events of leakage in different devices and determine the accident frequency through literature research. The initial events include small hole leakage and catastrophic rupture. Determine the ignition frequency after leakage based on the leakage status.

[0037] The meteorological conditions in the area (such as the city) where the liquid hydrogen refueling station is located in the past ten years are counted, including wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, etc., considering multiple main wind directions and typical wind speeds as inputs. The frequencies of different wind directions and wind speeds are obtained based on historical data, and the temperature and humidity are taken as historical average values;

[0038] Investigate the population distribution around hydrogen refueling stations, including people inside the stations, people on the roads, and people in nearby office buildings and residential areas.

[0039] The step 102 specifically includes:

[0040] Use consequence calculation software to calculate the overpressure distribution caused by explosion and the thermal radiation distribution caused by fire under different accident scenarios.

[0041] The results are quantified by combining the frequency and consequences of accidents to obtain personal risks and social risks.

[0042] Conduct risk contribution analysis on the main activity areas of personnel in the hydrogen refueling station to identify the main risk sources, distribute more hydrogen sensors near the risk sources, and optimize the sensor layout.

[0043] Specifically, personal risk refers to the probability of death of an individual at a point in a region, that is, the risk of a given location, regardless of whether there are people there, so it is also called geographical risk. The personal risk generated at a point (x, y) in a region is calculated by the following formula:

[0044]

[0045] R(x, y) is the individual risk calculated at (x, y); f S is the probability of the Sth accident; vs is the probability of the Sth accident leading to the death of the individual at (x, y).

[0046] Specifically, social risk refers to the cumulative frequency of all accidents that result in the death of N or more people each year, which is related to the distribution of personnel. Therefore, for a scene where no personnel are present, the social risk is 0. Social risk is expressed as the relationship between the number of deaths and the cumulative frequency when an accident occurs in a fixed area:

[0047]

[0048] f N(x) is the probability density function of the annual number of deaths N; F N(x) is the probability distribution function of the annual death toll N, indicating the probability that the number of deaths per year is less than x; P f(x) is the probability that the number of deaths per year is greater than x.

[0049] The risk contribution analysis of the personal risk and social risk in the control room and the filling area in this example found that the hydrogenation machine and the compressor are the main contributors to the risk, so it is necessary to increase the number of hydrogen sensors near the hydrogenation machine and the compressor. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the optimized hydrogen sensor layout scheme can cover more hydrogen refueling machine and compressor leakage scenarios than the original scheme, greatly reducing the overall risk of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0050] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the layout of hydrogen refueling station sensors based on QRA, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Establishing a quantitative risk assessment model for hydrogen refueling stations; the quantitative risk assessment model includes the geometric layout of the hydrogen refueling station, specific parameters and frequency of leakage, meteorological conditions, and population distribution; Calculating the risk of the hydrogen refueling station based on the quantitative risk assessment model of the hydrogen refueling station; The risks of hydrogen refueling stations include personal risks and social risks around the hydrogen refueling stations. The two are combined to find out the dangerous sources that contribute more to the overall risk and optimize the sensor distribution density.

2. A method for optimizing the layout of hydrogen refueling station sensors based on QRA according to claim 1, characterized in that: The establishment of a quantitative risk assessment model specifically includes: Obtain a map of the hydrogen refueling station and the location information of each device and building in the hydrogen refueling station, including hydrogen storage equipment, process equipment, hydrogen refueling machine, and control room, and establish a geometric model; Determine the storage form, storage pressure and temperature of hydrogen in each device, investigate and determine the initial events of leakage in different devices and determine the accident frequency. The initial events include pinhole leakage and catastrophic rupture. Determine the ignition frequency after leakage according to the leakage status; Statistics on meteorological conditions in the area where the hydrogen refueling station is located, including wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and humidity. Multiple main wind directions and typical wind speeds are considered as inputs. The frequencies of different wind directions and wind speeds are obtained based on historical data, and the temperature and humidity are taken as historical averages. Investigate the population distribution around hydrogen refueling stations, including people inside the stations, people on the roads, and people in nearby office buildings and residential areas.

3. A method for optimizing the layout of hydrogen refueling station sensors based on QRA according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculating of the risk of the hydrogen refueling station based on the hydrogen refueling station quantitative risk assessment model specifically includes: Use consequence calculation software to calculate the overpressure distribution caused by explosion and the thermal radiation distribution caused by fire under different accident scenarios; Combine the frequency and consequences of accidents to quantify the results and obtain individual and social risks; Conduct risk contribution analysis on the main activity areas of personnel in the hydrogen refueling station to identify the main risk sources, distribute more hydrogen sensors near the risk sources, and optimize the sensor layout.

4. A method for optimizing the placement of hydrogen refueling station sensors based on QRA according to claim 3, characterized in that: The personal risk refers to the probability of death of an individual at a point in a region, that is, the risk of a given location, regardless of whether there are people there, so it is also called geographical risk. The personal risk generated at a point (x, y) in a region is calculated by the following formula: R(x, y) is the calculated individual risk at (x, y); fs is the probability of the Sth accident; vs is the probability of the death of the individual at (x, y) due to the Sth accident; Social risk refers to the cumulative frequency of all accidents that result in the death of N or more people each year. It is related to the distribution of personnel, so for a site with no personnel present, the social risk is 0. Social risk is expressed as the relationship between the number of deaths and the cumulative frequency when an accident occurs in a fixed area: f N(x) is the probability density function of the annual number of deaths N; F N(x) is the probability distribution function of the annual death toll N, indicating the probability that the number of deaths per year is less than x; P f(x) is the probability that the number of deaths per year is greater than x.

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