Millimeter wave multi-polarization packaging antenna with L-shaped probe feed and phased array antenna

Abstract

The invention provides an L-shaped probe feed millimeter wave multi-polarization packaging antenna, and belongs to the field of antennas. Comprising a first L-shaped feed probe, a second L-shaped feed probe, a first feed transmission line, a second feed transmission line, a first feed metal hole, a second feed metal hole, a first feed port and a second feed port. The first L-shaped feed probe and the second L-shaped feed probe are perpendicular to each other and are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the first feed port and the second feed port are connected with the first transmission line and the second transmission line respectively and then connected to the first L-shaped feed probe and the second L-shaped probe through the first feed metal hole and the second feed metal hole respectively. According to the antenna, the two excitation ports of the antenna unit are controlled through the radio frequency chip, rapid switching can be carried out under horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization, and the requirements of a modern communication system for miniaturization, light weight, high density and high efficiency can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna and a phased array antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the information society, people's demand for high-speed data transmission is increasing, requiring communication systems to have higher data transmission rates and higher transmission quality.

[0003] Multi-polarization technology is a means for increasing communication capacity. It can transmit signals of multiple polarization states at the same frequency at the same time. Different polarization states can carry different information, which improves spectrum utilization. In satellite communications, the propagation environment of signals is complex and changeable, and different polarization states have different performances in different propagation environments. Multi-polarization antennas can select appropriate polarization modes according to the actual propagation environment to improve the reliability and adaptability of communication. At the same time, multi-polarization antennas can support the simultaneous transmission of multiple services, such as voice, data, video, etc., to meet the business needs of different users. For example, the patent publication number is CN113540775A, which discloses a multi-polarization antenna, including a radiation cavity, a high-order cavity and a feeding port arranged in sequence from top to bottom; four metal patches are arranged on the upper surface of the radiation cavity, and four primary feeding structures are arranged on the lower surface; a secondary feeding structure is arranged on the lower surface of the high-order cavity, and the feeding mode of the feeding port is adjusted. The electromagnetic wave passes through the feeding port and the secondary feeding structure in sequence, and different electric field distribution modes are formed in the high-order cavity, and different polarization modes are formed in the radiation cavity through the primary feeding structure. It can achieve multiple polarization modes, but its internal structure is complex, which may cause the antenna size to be too large, thus affecting the communication effect. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a miniaturized, highly integrated antenna capable of switching between different polarization states.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna, comprising a first L-shaped feeding probe and a second L-shaped feeding probe, a first feeding transmission line, a second feeding transmission line, a first feeding metal hole, a second feeding metal hole, a first feeding port, and a second feeding port;

[0006] The first L-shaped feeding probe and the second L-shaped feeding probe are perpendicular to each other and parallel to the horizontal plane. The first feeding port and the second feeding port are respectively connected to the first transmission line and the second transmission line, and then respectively connected to the first L-shaped feeding probe and the second L-shaped probe through the first feeding metal hole and the second feeding metal hole.

[0007] The present invention adopts an L-shaped probe feeding structure, which can significantly broaden the bandwidth of the antenna and also has the advantages of low profile, easy conformality and strong anti-interference performance.

[0008] Preferably, it comprises a radiation parasitic patch and a radiation driving patch, wherein the radiation parasitic patch is located directly above the radiation driving patch, and the first L-shaped feeding probe and the second L-shaped feeding probe are located below the radiation driving patch.

[0009] Preferably, it includes a metal grounding layer and a dielectric substrate, the radiation parasitic patch, the dielectric substrate and the metal grounding are spliced ​​together to form a space, and the first L-shaped feeding probe and the second L-shaped feeding probe, the first feeding transmission line, the second feeding transmission line, the first feeding metal hole, the second feeding metal hole, the first feeding port, the second feeding port, and the radiation driving patch are all in this space.

[0010] Preferably, the antenna is packaged together with the radio frequency chip.

[0011] The present invention realizes the integration of the terminal equipment of the transceiver system by packaging the antenna and the radio frequency chip together, which can meet the requirements of modern communication systems for miniaturization, lightness, high precision and high efficiency.

[0012] Preferably, the radio frequency chip is used to configure the first feeding port and the second feeding port to be in an excited state or a non-excited state.

[0013] Preferably, under the control of the RF chip, when the first feeding port is configured to be in an excited state and the second feeding port is in a non-excited state, energy is transmitted from the first feeding transmission line through the first feeding metal hole to the first L-shaped feeding probe, and the antenna generates a horizontally polarized wave.

[0014] Preferably, under the control of the RF chip, when the first feeding port is configured to be in a non-excited state and the second feeding port is in an excited state, energy is transmitted from the second feeding transmission line through the second feeding metal hole to the second L-shaped feeding probe, and the antenna generates a vertically polarized wave.

[0015] Preferably, the RF chip is also used to control the initial phases of the first feeding port and the second feeding port.

[0016] Preferably, under the control of the RF chip, the first feeding port and the second feeding port are configured to be in an excitation state at the same time. At this time, energy is transmitted from the first feeding transmission line to the first L-type feeding probe through the first feeding metal hole and from the second feeding transmission line to the second L-type feeding probe through the second feeding metal hole. The initial phase difference of the two feeding ports is regulated by the RF chip to be +90° and -90° respectively, and the antenna generates left-hand circularly polarized waves and right-hand circularly polarized waves respectively.

[0017] The multi-polarization characteristics of the present invention can meet the requirements of different users on signal quality and transmission capacity.

[0018] The present invention also provides a phased array antenna using the above-mentioned L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna as an array unit, which can realize large-angle beam scanning in a two-dimensional space.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0020] (1) The L-type probe feeding structure is adopted, which significantly broadens the bandwidth of the antenna, has the advantages of low profile, easy conformality, and strong anti-interference, which is conducive to improving the integration and stability of the communication system; compared with the traditional C and Ku bands, the present invention adopts millimeter waves, has more spectrum resources, can support higher data transmission rates and more communication services, and the millimeter wave band has a higher frequency, so that the signal is relatively less subject to ground interference during transmission, which can effectively ensure the quality and reliability of satellite communications. In addition, due to the short wavelength of the millimeter wave band, the corresponding antenna size can be designed to be smaller, which is conducive to the miniaturization and integration of satellite communication terminal equipment;

[0021] (2) By packaging the antenna and RF chip together, the terminal equipment of the transceiver system can be integrated to meet the requirements of modern communication systems for miniaturization, lightness, high density and high efficiency;

[0022] (3) By controlling the two excitation ports of the antenna unit through the RF chip, the antenna can quickly switch between four polarization working states (horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization), which can meet the signal quality and transmission capacity requirements of different users;

[0023] (4) The antenna of the present invention can be used as a radiating unit of a phased array antenna. By controlling the transmission phase of different array units, precise control of the wavefront can be achieved. In four independent polarization states, the beam can be scanned in a two-dimensional plane. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the millimeter wave multi-polarization antenna fed by an L-shaped probe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the millimeter wave multi-polarization antenna fed by an L-shaped probe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a graph showing the variation of the S parameters of the antenna with frequency in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 is the radiation pattern of the antenna in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 is a graph showing how the gain of the antenna varies with frequency in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 is a curve diagram showing the change of the axial ratio of the antenna with respect to the frequency in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 1 , 1 is a radiation parasitic patch, 2 is a radiation driving patch, 3 is a metal ground layer, 4 is a dielectric substrate, 5 is a first L-type feeding probe, 6 is a second L-type feeding probe, 7 is a first feeding transmission line, 8 is a second feeding transmission line, 11 is a first feeding port, and 12 is a second feeding port; Figure 2 In the figure, 9 is the first feeding metal hole, and 10 is the second feeding metal hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an L-type probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization antenna, which can be used in satellite communication terminals and satellite data transmission, and includes a radiation parasitic patch 1, a radiation driving patch 2, a metal ground layer 3, a dielectric substrate 4, a first L-type feeding probe 5 and a second L-type feeding probe 6, a first feeding transmission line 7, a second feeding transmission line 8, a first feeding metal hole 9, a second feeding metal hole 10, a first feeding port 11, and a second feeding port 12.

[0034] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the antenna unit is a cubic structure, the bottom surface of the antenna unit is a metal grounding layer 3, the four sides are dielectric substrates 4, the radiation parasitic patch 1 is located on the top surface of the antenna unit and directly above the radiation driving patch 2, and an additional resonance point is introduced to broaden the working bandwidth of the antenna. The radiation parasitic patch 1 is surrounded by the dielectric substrate 4. The radiation driving patch 2, the first L-shaped feeding probe 5 and the second L-shaped feeding probe 6, the first feeding transmission line 7, the second feeding transmission line 8, the first feeding metal hole 9, the second feeding metal hole 10, the first feeding port 11, and the second feeding port 12 are all in the inner space of the antenna unit cube, and the size of the antenna unit is 6mm×6mm.

[0035] The first L-shaped feeding probe 5 and the second L-shaped feeding probe 6 are located below the radiation driving patch 2 and are perpendicular to each other and parallel to the metal grounding layer 3. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The short horizontal lines of the first L-shaped feeding probe 5 and the second L-shaped feeding probe 6 are perpendicular to the metal grounding layer 3 , and the first transmission line 7 and the second transmission line 8 are also perpendicular to each other and parallel to the metal grounding layer 3 .

[0036] The first feeding port 11 and the second feeding port 12 are connected to the first transmission line 7 and the second transmission line 8 respectively, and then connected to the short transverse end points of the first L-shaped feeding probe 5 and the second L-shaped probe 6 through the first feeding metal hole 9 and the second feeding metal hole 10 respectively to provide excitation for the antenna.

[0037] The antenna of this embodiment is manufactured using a 3D packaging process to achieve interconnection between the antenna and the RF chip. The RF chip controls the two feeding ports separately to have differentiated amplitudes and initial phases, and can achieve flexible switching of the four polarization working states of horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization, as follows:

[0038] Under the control of the RF chip, when the first feeding port 11 is configured to be in an excited state and the second feeding port 12 is configured to be in a non-excited state, energy will be transmitted from the first feeding transmission line 7 to the first L-shaped feeding probe 5 through the first feeding metal hole 9, thereby generating horizontal excitation to the radiation driving patch 2. At this time, the electromagnetic wave generated by the antenna is in a horizontal polarization state.

[0039] Under the control of the RF chip, when the first feeding port 11 is configured to be in a non-excited state and the second feeding port 12 is configured to be in an excited state, energy will be transmitted from the first feeding transmission line 8 to the first L-shaped feeding probe 6 through the first feeding metal hole 10, thereby generating vertical excitation to the radiation driving patch 2. At this time, the electromagnetic wave generated by the antenna is in a vertically polarized state.

[0040] Under the control of the RF chip, the first feeding port 11 and the second feeding port 12 are configured to be in an excitation state at the same time. At this time, energy will be transmitted from the first feeding transmission line 7 through the first feeding metal hole 9 to the first L-shaped feeding probe 5 and from the second feeding transmission line 8 through the second feeding metal hole 10 to the second L-shaped feeding probe 6, thereby simultaneously generating horizontal and vertical excitations to the radiation driving patch 2. At this time, the initial phase difference of the two feeding ports is regulated by the RF chip to be ±90°, and left-hand circularly polarized waves and right-hand circularly polarized waves can be generated respectively.

[0041] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6, is the result of the relevant simulation of the L-type probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization antenna of this embodiment using HFSS simulation software; Figure 3 is a graph showing the variation of the S parameters of the antenna with frequency in this embodiment; Figure 4 is the radiation pattern of the antenna in this embodiment, Figure 5 is a curve diagram showing the change of the gain of the antenna with frequency in this embodiment, Figure 6 is a curve diagram showing the variation of the axial ratio of the antenna with frequency in this embodiment.

[0042] The antenna proposed in the present invention adopts a dual-fed L-type probe feeding technology, which can realize switching between four polarization states: horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization. It has the advantages of low profile, wide operating frequency band, high port isolation, and low cross-polarization level. The antenna is processed and manufactured using a 3D packaging process to achieve interconnection between the antenna and the RF chip, reduce the difficulty of system design and manufacturing costs, and is conducive to achieving high integration and wide application of the system. Under the control of the RF chip, the amplitude and phase of each antenna unit can be individually and accurately controlled, realizing rapid switching of polarization states and dynamic and precise control of beam pointing. The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to process and manufacture, has a wide operating frequency band, excellent polarization performance, rich polarization functions, and a high degree of integration, and is expected to play an important role in the new generation of satellite communication systems.

[0043] In order to achieve wavefront control in different directions, the initial phases of the first feeding port 11 and the second feeding port 12 are configured differently under different polarization states to compensate for the phase required by each antenna unit, thereby realizing the two-dimensional beam scanning function of four polarized waves. Based on the above principle, the L-shaped probe-fed multi-polarized antenna of the present invention can be used as a new type of basic unit of a highly integrated phased array antenna in the millimeter wave band. By controlling the transmission phase of different array units, precise control of the wavefront is achieved, and rapid switching between the four polarization states of the array antenna and the two-dimensional scanning function of the four polarized beams are realized.

[0044] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna, characterized in that: It includes a first L-shaped feeding probe and a second L-shaped feeding probe, a first feeding transmission line, a second feeding transmission line, a first feeding metal hole, a second feeding metal hole, a first feeding port, and a second feeding port; The first L-shaped feeding probe and the second L-shaped feeding probe are perpendicular to each other and parallel to the horizontal plane. The first feeding port and the second feeding port are respectively connected to the first transmission line and the second transmission line, and then respectively connected to the first L-shaped feeding probe and the second L-shaped probe through the first feeding metal hole and the second feeding metal hole.

2. The L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises a radiation parasitic patch and a radiation driving patch, wherein the radiation parasitic patch is located directly above the radiation driving patch, and the first L-shaped feeding probe and the second L-shaped feeding probe are located below the radiation driving patch.

3. The L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: It includes a metal grounding layer and a dielectric substrate. The radiation parasitic patch, the dielectric substrate and the metal grounding layer are spliced ​​together to form a space. The first L-shaped feeding probe and the second L-shaped feeding probe, the first feeding transmission line, the second feeding transmission line, the first feeding metal hole, the second feeding metal hole, the first feeding port, the second feeding port and the radiation driving patch are all located in this space.

4. The L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna is packaged together with the radio frequency chip.

5. The L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The radio frequency chip is used to configure the first feeding port and the second feeding port to be in an excited state or a non-excited state.

6. The L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: Under the control of the RF chip, when the first feeding port is configured to be in an excited state and the second feeding port is in a non-excited state, energy is transmitted from the first feeding transmission line through the first feeding metal hole to the first L-shaped feeding probe, and the antenna generates a horizontally polarized wave.

7. The L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: Under the control of the RF chip, when the first feeding port is configured to be in a non-excited state and the second feeding port is in an excited state, energy is transmitted from the second feeding transmission line through the second feeding metal hole to the second L-shaped feeding probe, and the antenna generates a vertically polarized wave.

8. The L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The radio frequency chip is also used to control the initial phases of the first feeding port and the second feeding port.

9. The L-shaped probe-fed millimeter-wave multi-polarization packaged antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: Under the control of the RF chip, the first feeding port and the second feeding port are configured to be in an excitation state at the same time. At this time, energy is transmitted from the first feeding transmission line to the first L-shaped feeding probe through the first feeding metal hole and from the second feeding transmission line to the second L-shaped feeding probe through the second feeding metal hole. The initial phase difference of the two feeding ports is regulated by the RF chip to be +90° and -90° respectively, and the antenna generates left-hand circularly polarized waves and right-hand circularly polarized waves respectively.

10. A phased array antenna, characterized in that: A millimeter wave multi-polarization packaged antenna comprising an L-shaped probe feed as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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