High-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array

Abstract

The utility model relates to a high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array, and belongs to the technical field of radars. Comprising a horizontally-polarized antenna and a vertically-polarized antenna which are arranged in a staggered mode, the horizontally-polarized antenna is composed of a horizontally-polarized radiation waveguide, a horizontally-polarized rectangular power dividing waveguide and a feed waveguide, and the horizontally-polarized radiation waveguide is located above the horizontally-polarized rectangular power dividing waveguide and connected with the horizontally-polarized rectangular power dividing waveguide through a transition waveguide; the feed waveguide is mounted on the lower side of the horizontal polarization rectangular power division waveguide; the vertical polarization antenna is composed of a vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide, a vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide and a feed waveguide, the vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide is located above the vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide and connected with the vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide through a transition waveguide, and the feed waveguide is installed on the lower side of the vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide. According to the utility model, the feed waveguide and the radiation waveguide are integrally processed in a mode of stacking multiple layers of waveguides; the waveguide feed network is used for feeding, and has remarkable advantages compared with a traditional micro-strip or strip line network.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to radar technical field, further relates to a kind of high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array in microwave antenna technical field.It can be used for weather radar system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing demand of meteorological monitoring, the radar system has increasingly strict requirements on signal detection capability and accuracy, especially in the monitoring of complex weather phenomena such as precipitation, storm and wind field. The traditional radar antenna has certain deficiencies in gain, directivity and other aspects, which limits its detection performance. The waveguide slot antenna has been widely used in microwave communication and radar system due to its low loss, high gain and other excellent characteristics. In the radar system, especially in the weather radar system with high requirements on antenna gain and beam width, it is usually required that the antenna array realizes low sidelobe in the azimuth plane and electric scanning in the elevation plane, and has low sidelobe characteristics and large radiation aperture to meet the requirements of high-precision detection and long-distance detection. The common dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna usually uses a single-ridge waveguide with wideband characteristics as the transmission structure of the radiation layer, but due to the compact structure of the radiation slot, the single-ridge waveguide feeding is difficult, which leads to great challenges in the design of the feeding network and structure of the antenna unit, increasing the complexity of the design. Therefore, designing a high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array with compact structure, simple structure and capable of being manufactured by integrated processing has important technical significance for improving the performance of weather radar system.

[0003] The Chinese Academy of Sciences Aerospace Information Innovation Research Institute discloses a dual-polarized wideband ridge waveguide slot antenna in its applied patent document “Dual-polarized wideband ridge waveguide slot antenna” (application number 202210983699.2, application publication number CN115332768 A). The antenna includes a plurality of horizontal polarization units and a plurality of vertical polarization units, which are arranged alternately to form an antenna radiation array. The horizontal polarization unit and the vertical polarization unit each include a ridge waveguide and a power divider, which is arranged in the hollow interior space of the ridge waveguide and connected with the top of the ridge waveguide, and is connected with a connector to realize small size and good impedance matching in a wide band range, and to ensure good directional pattern characteristics. The distance of the antenna is miniaturized on the basis of ensuring good directional pattern quality in a wide frequency band. However, the antenna still has the following deficiencies. Although the antenna expands the bandwidth through the power division feeding network, the bandwidth of the waveguide slot antenna is limited by the number of series-fed units. For a high-gain waveguide slot antenna with a large number of radiation units, a multi-stage power divider is needed to expand the bandwidth of the antenna and reduce the number of series-fed slot units. For a large-size waveguide slot antenna, the antenna feeding network needs to use a multi-layer structure, and the patent does not solve the design problem of the antenna feeding network.

[0004] The Chinese Academy of Sciences Aerospace Information Innovation Institute discloses an X-band broadband integrated ridge waveguide slot antenna array in its applied patent document "X-band broadband integrated ridge waveguide slot antenna array" (application number 202411089546.9, application publication number CN118889024A). The antenna array includes an upper-to-lower stacked array of ridge waveguide V-shaped slot radiating units, a three-stage power divider, a coaxial-waveguide conversion structure, and a coaxial line. The feed network and the radiating structure of the antenna array are designed in an integrated manner, the structure is more compact, and it is conducive to integration with the limited X-band transceiver module in space. The design difficulty of complex feed network and high profile is solved. However, the antenna array still has the following deficiencies: although the antenna array adopts an integrated design of the feed network and the radiating structure, the internal feed network still contains a multi-layer stepped matching structure, and the waveguide cavity needs to be manufactured by machining. For high-gain waveguide slot antennas with a large number of radiating units, the complex structure increases the processing difficulty and leads to rising manufacturing costs. In addition, the antenna array needs to be composed of multiple antenna units, which further increases the overall cost and processing difficulty of the antenna.

[0005] One of the key problems that needs to be solved in the current microwave antenna technology field is to design a dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array with high gain, simple structure, easy processing and installation. Such design can significantly improve the performance of dual-polarized waveguide slot antennas, while meeting the design requirements of high gain, low cost and simple structure for radar systems. Practical new type content

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is:

[0007] In order to avoid the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array, which aims to solve the problems of complex structure and difficult processing of traditional dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna arrays, and can meet the application requirements of low-cost and high-performance weather radar systems.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is:

[0009] A high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array, comprising staggered horizontal polarization antennas and vertical polarization antennas, characterized in that:

[0010] The horizontal polarization antenna is composed of a horizontal polarization radiating waveguide, a horizontal polarization rectangular power dividing waveguide, and a feed waveguide. The horizontal polarization radiating waveguide is located above the horizontal polarization rectangular power dividing waveguide and is connected by a transition waveguide. The feed waveguide is installed on the lower side of the horizontal polarization rectangular power dividing waveguide.

[0011] The vertical polarization antenna is composed of a vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide, a vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide and a feed waveguide, the vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide is located above the vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide and is connected through a transition waveguide, and the feed waveguide is installed on the lower side of the vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide.

[0012] Further technical solutions of the application: the horizontal polarization radiation waveguide is a single-ridge waveguide, and the ridge is located on the upper wall of the waveguide; the horizontal polarization rectangular power division waveguide is stacked by three layers of rectangular waveguides, and the narrow edges of the rectangular waveguides share a wall.

[0013] Further technical solutions of the application: N V-shaped slots are formed in the upper wall of the horizontal polarization radiation waveguide to realize horizontal polarization radiation.

[0014] Further technical solutions of the application: the horizontal polarization rectangular power division waveguide comprises a plurality of rectangular waveguide power dividers and waveguide plugs.

[0015] Further technical solutions of the application: the vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide is a two-layer single-ridge waveguide, and the two waveguide cavities share a waveguide wall; the vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide is stacked by two layers of rectangular waveguides, and the narrow edges of the rectangular waveguides share a wall.

[0016] Further technical solutions of the application: the two-layer waveguide cavities constituting the vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide are connected through a ridge waveguide power divider.

[0017] Further technical solutions of the application: N longitudinal slots are formed in the upper wall of the upper layer of the vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide to realize vertical polarization radiation.

[0018] Further technical solutions of the application: the vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide comprises a plurality of rectangular waveguide power dividers and waveguide plugs.

[0019] Further technical solutions of the application: the feed waveguide is a rectangular waveguide, and the end of the rectangular waveguide is connected with a waveguide coaxial conversion to realize antenna feeding.

[0020] The application has the following advantages:

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array has the following advantages:

[0022] First, the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model, through the way of multilayer waveguide stacking, the feed waveguide and the radiation waveguide are integrated processing. This design overcomes the problem of complex structure and high processing difficulty in the prior art, while reducing the manufacturing cost, significantly improves the stability of the structure. Therefore, the utility model is particularly suitable for the application scene of low-cost, high-performance antenna system. This unique design not only simplifies the manufacturing process, reduces the number of components required for the interconnection of the feed network, but also effectively reduces the production cost and improves the manufacturing efficiency and reliability. These technical advantages make the utility model have significant market application potential, especially in the field of high-performance and low-cost antenna.

[0023] Second, the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model adopts waveguide feed network for feeding, which has significant advantages over traditional microstrip or strip line network. The antenna array realizes a feed loss of less than 0.4dB within the operating frequency band, and has an antenna gain of up to 44.5dB, significantly reducing the loss in signal transmission. Through this design, the utility model effectively solves the problem of reduced radar system detection accuracy and insufficient detection distance caused by high network loss and low antenna gain in the prior art. The dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model can meet the use requirements of high-gain antenna systems and become an ideal choice for weather radar systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings are for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the utility model only and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model, wherein the same reference numerals and characters denote the same components throughout the drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 is the overall appearance structure schematic diagram of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 is the horizontal polarization antenna structure schematic diagram of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 is the vertical polarization antenna structure schematic diagram of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 is the horizontal polarization antenna radiation pattern of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 5 is the vertical polarization antenna radiation pattern of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 6 is the feed network loss diagram of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna of the utility model.

[0031] Reference Signs:

[0032] 1 - horizontal polarization antenna; 1-1 - horizontal polarization radiating waveguide; 1-2 - horizontal polarization rectangular power division waveguide; 2 - vertical polarization antenna; 2-1 - vertical polarization radiating power division waveguide; 2-2 - vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide; 3 - transition waveguide; 4 - rectangular waveguide power divider; 5 - waveguide plug; 6 - feed waveguide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application. In addition, the technical features involved in each embodiment of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second" and the like in the description, claims and above drawings of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units does not have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but can include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0035] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only used to facilitate the description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0036] The utility model provides a kind of high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array, and horizontal polarization antenna and vertical polarization antenna of staggered arrangement are used to form dual-polarized antenna array, wherein horizontal polarization antenna is composed of horizontal polarization radiating waveguide, horizontal polarization rectangular power division waveguide and feed waveguide, and vertical polarization antenna is composed of vertical polarization radiating power division waveguide, vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide and feed waveguide.Horizontal polarization radiating waveguide, horizontal polarization rectangular power division waveguide, vertical polarization radiating power division waveguide and vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide are integrally processed by mould, which greatly reduces processing cost and structural complexity.The problem that the existing technology waveguide feed network contains multistage ladder inside and is not easy to process is avoided.The connection between radiating waveguide or radiating power division waveguide and rectangular power division waveguide is realized by transition waveguide.Ridge waveguide power divider, rectangular waveguide power divider, waveguide plug, transition waveguide, radiating power division waveguide and rectangular power division waveguide jointly form the waveguide feed network of radiating antenna, and antenna unit is fed by feed waveguide.The antenna feed network loss is greatly reduced by waveguide feed network, the antenna gain is improved, and the loss within 0.4dB and the antenna gain of 44.5dB in frequency band are realized.The problem that the network loss of prior art is large, the antenna gain is low, resulting in the problems of reduced radar system detection precision and insufficient detection distance is solved.The antenna array design has high gain and dual-polarization characteristics, and low-cost manufacturing is realized by mould integrally processing, which is suitable for high-performance radar system.

[0037] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the utility model, the utility model will be described in detail below with specific examples.

[0038] The application scenario of the utility model example is a weather radar system, i.e., a radar system for weather detection.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 The overall structure of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model is further described.

[0040] The utility model includes staggered horizontal polarization antenna 1 and vertical polarization antenna 2.M horizontal polarization antennas 1 and M vertical polarization antennas 2 are staggered along the electric scanning direction in turn to form a dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array.Fed waveguide 6 is rectangular waveguide, and the waveguide end is connected with waveguide coaxial conversion to realize antenna feed.

[0041] Reference Figure 2The horizontal polarization antenna structure of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array is further described. The horizontal polarization antenna 1 is composed of a horizontal polarization radiation waveguide 1-1, a horizontal polarization rectangular power division waveguide 1-2 and a feed waveguide 6, the horizontal polarization radiation waveguide 1-1 is located above the horizontal polarization rectangular power division waveguide 1-2 and is connected through a transition waveguide 3. The horizontal polarization radiation waveguide 1-1 is a single-ridge waveguide, the ridge is located on the upper wall of the waveguide, the horizontal polarization rectangular power division waveguide 1-2 is stacked by three layers of rectangular waveguides, and the narrow edges of the rectangular waveguides share a wall. N V-shaped slots are opened on the upper wall of the horizontal polarization radiation waveguide 1-1 to realize horizontal polarization radiation. The feed waveguide 6 is installed on the lower side of the horizontal polarization rectangular power division waveguide 1-2, and the horizontal polarization rectangular power division waveguide 1-2 contains a plurality of rectangular waveguide power dividers 4 and waveguide plugs 5.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 The vertical polarization antenna structure of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array is further described. The vertical polarization antenna 2 is composed of a vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide 2-1, a vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide 2-2 and a feed waveguide 6, the two waveguide cavities of the vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide 2-1 are communicated through a ridge waveguide power divider 7, and the vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide 2-1 is located above the vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide 2-2 and is connected through a transition waveguide 3. The vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide 2-1 is a two-layer single-ridge waveguide, the two waveguide cavities share a waveguide wall, the vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide 2-2 is stacked by two layers of rectangular waveguides, and the narrow edges of the rectangular waveguides share a wall. N longitudinal slots are opened on the upper wall of the upper waveguide of the vertical polarization radiation power division waveguide 2-1 to realize vertical polarization radiation. The feed waveguide 6 is installed on the lower side of the vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide 2-2, and the vertical polarization rectangular power division waveguide 2-2 contains a plurality of rectangular waveguide power dividers 4 and waveguide plugs 5.

[0043] The dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array realizes low sidelobe beams in the transmission direction of the antenna waveguide and realizes beam scanning through the amplitude and phase control of the feed in the antenna array direction.

[0044] The effect of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array can be further illustrated through the following simulation experiment.

[0045] I. Simulation conditions

[0046] The dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array shown in Fig. 1 is simulated by using a High Frequency Structure Simulator simulation software. Figure 1

[0047] II. Simulation content

[0048] Simulation 1: The dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array shown in Fig. 1 is brought into the simulation software for simulation, and the simulation result is shown in Fig. 2. Figure 1 Figure 5 ​​The horizontal polarization antenna radiation pattern shown. Figure 4 The horizontal axis in the figure is the angle along the waveguide transmission direction, and the vertical axis is the gain level value of the radiation pattern. Figure 4 The solid line in the figure is the horizontal polarization antenna main polarization radiation pattern curve of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model, and the dotted line is the horizontal polarization antenna cross-polarization radiation pattern curve of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model.

[0049] From Figure 4 It can be seen that the horizontal polarization antenna side lobe level is -32.3dB, and the gain is 44.82dB. It can be seen that the horizontal polarization of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model has the characteristics of high gain and low side lobe.

[0050] Simulation 2: the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array shown in Figure 1 is brought into the simulation software for simulation, and the vertical polarization antenna radiation pattern shown in Figure 5 is obtained. Figure 5 The horizontal axis in the figure is the angle along the waveguide transmission direction, and the vertical axis is the gain level value of the radiation pattern. Figure 5 The solid line in the figure is the vertical polarization antenna main polarization radiation pattern curve of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model, and the dotted line is the vertical polarization antenna cross-polarization radiation pattern curve of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model.

[0051] From Figure 6 It can be seen that the vertical polarization antenna side lobe level is -30.3dB, and the gain is 44.75dB. It can be seen that the vertical polarization of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model has the characteristics of high gain and low side lobe.

[0052] Simulation 3: the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array feed network shown in Figure 1 is brought into the simulation software for simulation, and the two polarization feed network insertion loss-frequency variation curves shown in Figure 6 are obtained. Figure 6 The horizontal axis in the figure is the frequency, and the vertical axis is the feed network insertion loss. Figure 6 The box-solid line in the figure is the horizontal polarization antenna insertion loss curve of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model, and the circle-solid line is the vertical polarization antenna insertion loss curve of the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of the utility model.

[0053] From Figure 6 It can be seen that the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array feed network of the utility model has a loss of <0.4dB within the working frequency band. It can be seen that the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array feed network of the utility model has the characteristics of low loss.

[0054] The simulation results show that the dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array has low loss, high gain and good radiation characteristics.

[0055] The above merely illustrates the specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any skilled person in the art can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, and these modifications or replacements shall be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array comprising horizontally-polarized antennas (1) and vertically-polarized antennas (2) arranged alternately, characterized in that: the horizontally-polarized antennas (1) are composed of horizontally-polarized radiating waveguides (1-1), horizontally-polarized rectangular power-dividing waveguides (1-2), and feed waveguides (6), the horizontally-polarized radiating waveguides (1-1) are located above the horizontally-polarized rectangular power-dividing waveguides (1-2) and connected by transition waveguides (3), and the feed waveguides (6) are installed on the lower side of the horizontally-polarized rectangular power-dividing waveguides (1-2); the vertically-polarized antennas (2) are composed of vertically-polarized radiating power-dividing waveguides (2-1), vertically-polarized rectangular power-dividing waveguides (2-2), and feed waveguides (6), the vertically-polarized radiating power-dividing waveguides (2-1) are located above the vertically-polarized rectangular power-dividing waveguides (2-2) and connected by transition waveguides (3), and the feed waveguides (6) are installed on the lower side of the vertically-polarized rectangular power-dividing waveguides (2-2).

2. The high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of claim 1, wherein, the horizontally-polarized radiating waveguides (1-1) are single-ridge waveguides with ridges on the upper walls; the horizontally-polarized rectangular power-dividing waveguides (1-2) are three-layer rectangular waveguides stacked together with common walls on the narrow sides.

3. The high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of claim 2, wherein, N V-shaped slots are opened on the upper walls of the horizontally-polarized radiating waveguides (1-1) to realize horizontal polarization radiation.

4. The high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of claim 2, wherein, The horizontally-polarized rectangular power-dividing waveguides (1-2) contain multiple rectangular waveguide power dividers and waveguide plugs.

5. The high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of claim 1, wherein, The vertically-polarized radiating power-dividing waveguides (2-1) are two-layer single-ridge waveguides with common waveguide walls between the two waveguide cavities; the vertically-polarized rectangular power-dividing waveguides (2-2) are two-layer rectangular waveguides stacked together with common walls on the narrow sides.

6. The high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of claim 5, wherein, The two-layer waveguide cavities of the vertically-polarized radiating power-dividing waveguides (2-1) are connected by ridge waveguide power dividers (7).

7. The high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of claim 5, wherein, N longitudinal slots are opened on the upper walls of the upper layer of the vertically-polarized radiating power-dividing waveguides (2-1) to realize vertical polarization radiation.

8. The high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of claim 5, wherein, The vertically-polarized rectangular power-dividing waveguides (2-2) contain multiple rectangular waveguide power dividers and waveguide plugs.

9. The high-gain dual-polarized waveguide slot antenna array of claim 1, wherein, The feed waveguides (6) are rectangular waveguides, and the ends of the rectangular waveguides are connected to waveguide-coaxial converters to realize antenna feeding.

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