Microwave and millimeter wave common-caliber patch antenna

Abstract

The microwave and millimeter wave common-caliber patch antenna comprises a metal reflection floor, an upper dielectric substrate and a microwave metal patch which are arranged in a stacked mode, the microwave metal patch is provided with an open groove and a microwave coupling groove, a millimeter wave metal patch and a microwave feed strip are arranged in the microwave metal patch, and the outer edge of the open groove is connected to the metal reflection floor through a grounding rod. Millimeter wave signals excite a TM01 mode of the millimeter wave metal patch, millimeter wave edge emission radiation of the millimeter wave metal patch is achieved, part of energy is coupled to the outer edge of the open groove in a coplanar mode and forms a vertical current on the grounding rod, then low-elevation radiation is generated in a millimeter wave band, and the millimeter wave edge emission radiation and the low-elevation radiation interact with each other. And wide-beam radiation of millimeter waves is realized. Through unique structure optimization and technical innovation, beam width broadening of millimeter waves is achieved, and meanwhile miniaturization, low cost and high reliability of the antenna are kept.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a beam broadening technology for a microwave and millimeter wave common-aperture patch antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the number of frequency bands continues to increase, which puts higher requirements on the miniaturization and integration of antenna systems. In order to achieve this goal, the co-aperture antenna technology came into being. It integrates the antenna functions of multiple frequency bands in the same radiation aperture, significantly reducing the volume and complexity of the system. In particular, the millimeter wave band has become the key to 5G and future communication technologies due to its high resolution and rich bandwidth. However, the high directivity of millimeter wave antennas requires them to have flexible beam scanning capabilities to adapt to dynamic communication environments. Therefore, broadening the beam width of co-aperture antennas in millimeter wave bands and optimizing their scanning performance have become an important research direction in the field of antenna design. Based on this, the present invention innovatively combines the method of beam widening of patch antennas with co-aperture antennas, and proposes a microwave millimeter wave co-aperture patch antenna beam widening technology, which aims to improve the beam scanning capability of co-aperture patch antennas in millimeter wave bands and improve the coverage of signals.

[0003] At present, there are several types of co-aperture fusion of microwave and millimeter wave antennas. The first type is a microwave antenna and a millimeter wave antenna connected by a single feed point excitation filter. Although they can be located on the same substrate as a whole, the overall aperture utilization is relatively low, and there is a problem of inconsistent low-frequency and high-frequency radiation types. The second type is to integrate the millimeter wave frequency selective surface into the microwave patch and stack it with the millimeter array to achieve the co-aperture fusion of the microwave patch antenna and the millimeter wave antenna. Compared with the first type, the aperture utilization is improved, but the working mode of the low-frequency antenna makes the overall profile too high, the bandwidth is narrow, and the structure is complex and difficult to integrate. The third type is to thicken the low-frequency patch to form a substrate integrated waveguide or resonant cavity, and groove its upper surface to form a millimeter wave antenna, thereby achieving the co-aperture fusion of the microwave patch antenna and the millimeter wave antenna. This method has a good aperture utilization, but the limited working mode of the low-frequency antenna leads to an overall high profile, narrow bandwidth, and a limited number of units in the millimeter wave array. The fourth category is a millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna array embedded in a low-frequency patch antenna unit to achieve co-aperture fusion of microwave patch antenna and millimeter-wave antenna. This method also has good aperture utilization and improved working bandwidth. However, due to the working mode of the millimeter-wave antenna, the number of units in the millimeter-wave array is limited and the working bandwidth needs to be further improved.

[0004] At present, there are mainly the following methods for patch antennas to broaden the beam. The first is antenna shape optimization: by designing patches of different shapes (such as elliptical, circular) to cause different resonant frequencies to adjust the beam width. For example, the "elliptical patch antenna" can broaden the beam. The second is antenna structure modification: such as using a multilayer structure, compensation slots or widening the feed line to change the radiation characteristics of the antenna. For example, the "slot patch antenna" can expand the beam width. The third is the introduction of antenna arrays: by arranging multiple patch antennas into an array to achieve beam width expansion. For example, linear arrays or two-dimensional array patch antennas, the main lobe beam is broadened through different arrangements. The fourth is the use of dielectric materials: the width of the beam is affected by selecting appropriate dielectric materials or adjusting the dielectric thickness. For example, using "high dielectric constant medium" as the substrate of the patch can adjust the beam width.

[0005] At present, in the research field of microwave and millimeter wave common aperture antennas, beam broadening technology is relatively scarce. In addition, existing design schemes generally have problems such as insufficient aperture utilization, high structural complexity, too high overall profile, and difficulty in achieving high integration.

[0006] Although there are many methods to try to broaden the beamwidth of patch antennas, such as shape optimization, structural modification, array configuration and dielectric material selection, these methods often increase design complexity and cost or affect other performance parameters, and often require separate design and are not suitable for the fusion requirements of co-aperture antennas. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a microwave millimeter wave common aperture patch antenna to address the deficiencies of the prior art, which can effectively broaden the beam width through unique structural optimization and technological innovation, while maintaining the miniaturization, low cost and high reliability of the antenna. In addition, the design takes special consideration of environmental adaptability to ensure that stable performance can be maintained under various working conditions to meet the strict requirements of modern communication systems for antenna performance.

[0008] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the microwave millimeter wave common aperture patch antenna proposed in the present invention comprises a metal reflection floor, an upper dielectric substrate and a microwave metal patch which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and is characterized in that: the microwave metal patch has an open slot located in the center and a microwave coupling slot located on one side of the open slot, the open slot has a millimeter wave metal patch located on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate and excited by the millimeter wave signal, the microwave coupling slot has a microwave feeding strip located on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate and excited by the microwave signal, the outer edge of the open slot is connected to the metal reflection floor through a grounding rod which penetrates the upper dielectric substrate and is symmetrical about the center of the millimeter wave metal patch, and the millimeter wave signal excites the TM of the millimeter wave metal patch 01mode, realizing the millimeter wave side radiation of the millimeter wave metal patch, the TM of the millimeter wave metal patch 01 Part of the energy of the mode is coupled to the outer edge of the open slot through coplanar coupling and forms a vertical current on the ground rod, thereby generating low-elevation-angle radiation in the millimeter-wave band. The millimeter-wave side-fire radiation interacts with the low-elevation-angle radiation in the millimeter-wave band to achieve wide-beam radiation of the millimeter wave.

[0009] In the antenna of the present invention, the microwave signal is coplanarly coupled to the microwave metal patch through the microwave feeding strip, thereby exciting the TM of the microwave metal patch. 01 mode to realize the microwave side radiation of the microwave metal patch.

[0010] Furthermore, a lower dielectric substrate is provided on the lower surface of the metal reflection floor, and a microwave feeder and a millimeter wave feeder are provided on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate. The microwave feeder is connected to the microwave feeding strip through a first probe penetrating the lower dielectric substrate, the metal reflection floor and the upper dielectric substrate, and the millimeter wave feeder is connected to the millimeter wave metal patch through a second probe penetrating the lower dielectric substrate, the metal reflection floor and the upper dielectric substrate.

[0011] Furthermore, the grounding rod is arranged close to the area where the electric field of the millimeter wave metal patch is strong, thereby making the TM of the millimeter wave metal patch 01 The mode can couple to the ground rod and thus perpendicular to the electric field.

[0012] Specifically, the millimeter wave metal patch is rectangular, the open slot is concave at the four corners of the millimeter wave metal patch, and the grounding rod is arranged near the concave portion of the millimeter wave metal patch. This design makes the open slot "king" shaped.

[0013] In the antenna, the number of ground rods and / or the distance between the ground rods and the outer edge of the millimeter-wave metal patch is set to adjust the magnitude of the vertical current formed on the ground rods, thereby adjusting the directivity pattern of the millimeter-wave wide beam radiation.

[0014] The present invention has the following characteristics: The present invention opens an open slot in the center of the microwave metal patch, and arranges centrally symmetrical metalized vias on the outer edge of the open slot, and a millimeter-wave metal patch is embedded in the open slot. The ground rod and the millimeter-wave metal patch work together to enhance the radiation performance of the antenna, so that the co-aperture patch antenna of the present invention can effectively broaden the beam width in the millimeter-wave frequency band, while maintaining the compactness of the structure and the simplicity of the design, thereby providing an antenna solution with excellent performance and compact size for the microwave communication field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2FIG. 4 is an exploded view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 2 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a top view of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 A top view of the metal reflective floor of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 The simulation results of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention are as follows; (a) low frequency band, (b) high frequency band.

[0022] Figure 8 The simulated directional pattern of the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention in the microwave frequency band; (a) E Surface, (b) H noodle.

[0023] Fig. 9 The simulated radiation pattern of the antenna in the millimeter wave frequency band of the embodiment of the present invention; (a) E Surface, (b) H noodle.

[0024] The accompanying drawings are denoted as follows: 1-upper metal layer; 11-microwave metal patch; 111-open slot; 112-microwave coupling slot; 12-millimeter wave metal patch; 2-upper dielectric substrate; 3-metal reflective floor; 31-first non-metallized slot; 32-second non-metallized slot; 4-lower dielectric substrate; 51-microwave feed line; 52-millimeter wave feed line; 61-first probe; 62-second probe; 63-ground rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further explained below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can more deeply understand the present invention and be able to implement it. However, the following reference examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a microwave millimeter wave common aperture patch antenna, comprising a lower dielectric substrate 4, a metal reflection floor 3, an upper dielectric substrate 2 and a top metal layer 1 stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The top metal layer 1 comprises a microwave metal patch 11, a millimeter wave metal patch 12 and a microwave feeding strip 13. Among them, the microwave metal patch 11 is provided with an open slot 111 located at the center thereof, and the millimeter wave metal patch 12 is arranged in the open slot 111. A microwave coupling slot 112 is also provided on one side of the open slot 111, and the microwave metal patch 11 is arranged in the microwave coupling slot 112. The lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 4 is provided with a microwave feed line 51 and a millimeter wave feed line 52 for signal input. The microwave feed line 51 is connected to the microwave feeding strip 13 through a first probe 61 penetrating the lower dielectric substrate 4, the metal reflective floor 3 and the upper dielectric substrate 2. The millimeter wave feed line 52 is connected to the millimeter wave metal patch 12 through a second probe 62 penetrating the lower dielectric substrate 4, the metal reflective floor 3 and the upper dielectric substrate 2. Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, the first probe 61 and the second probe 62 are metallized vias, and the metal reflective floor 3 is provided with a first non-metallized groove 31 and a second non-metallized groove 32 to avoid the first probe 61 and the second probe 62 .

[0027] The microwave signal is fed into the microwave feeding strip 13 through the microwave feeding line 51 and the first probe 61 in sequence. The microwave signal is coplanarly coupled to the microwave metal patch 11 through the microwave feeding strip 13, thereby exciting the TM 01 The millimeter wave signal is fed into the millimeter wave metal patch 12 through the millimeter wave feed line 52 and the second probe 62 in turn, stimulating the TM of the millimeter wave metal patch 12. 01 mode, to realize the millimeter-wave side-radiation of the millimeter-wave metal patch 12.

[0028] In this embodiment, the outer edge of the open slot 111 is connected to the metal reflective floor 3 through a plurality of grounding rods 63 that penetrate the upper dielectric substrate 2 and are centrally symmetrical about the millimeter wave metal patch 12. Specifically, the open slot 111 forms a concave at the four corners of the millimeter wave metal patch 12, so that the open slot 111 is roughly "king" shaped, and the grounding rods 63 are arranged in the concave part close to the millimeter wave metal patch 12. In this embodiment, five grounding rods 63 are arranged in each concave part. 01 Part of the energy of the mode is coupled to the outer edge of the open slot 111 through coplanar coupling and forms a vertical current on the grounding rod 63, thereby generating low-elevation angle radiation in the millimeter wave band. The millimeter wave side radiation interacts with the low-elevation angle radiation in the millimeter wave band to achieve wide beam radiation of the millimeter wave. In this embodiment, the grounding rod 63 also uses a metalized via.

[0029] In this embodiment, the grounding rod 63 is arranged near the place where the electric field of the millimeter wave metal patch 12 is strong. By setting the number of grounding rods 63 and / or the distance between the grounding rod 63 and the millimeter wave metal patch 12, the size of the vertical current formed on the grounding rod 63 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the directivity pattern of the millimeter wave wide beam radiation.

[0030] In the above structure, the microwave metal patch 11, the microwave feeding strip 13, the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the metal reflection floor 3 constitute the radiating body of the common-aperture patch antenna in the microwave frequency band; the millimeter-wave metal patch 12 embedded in the open slot 111 of the microwave metal patch 11, the upper dielectric substrate 2, the metal reflection floor 3 and the grounding rod 63 constitute the wide-beam radiating body of the common-aperture patch antenna in the millimeter-wave frequency band.

[0031] When a microwave signal is fed from the microwave feed line 51 of port 1, the microwave signal is transmitted to the microwave feeding strip 13 through the metal probe 61, and then the signal is coupled to the microwave metal patch 11 with an open slot 111 in the center through the coplanar coupling, which excites the TM 01 When the millimeter wave signal is fed from the millimeter wave feed line 52 of port 2, the signal is transmitted through the metal probe to the millimeter wave metal patch 12 embedded in the open slot 111 of the microwave metal patch 11, which stimulates the TM of the millimeter wave metal patch 12. 01 The mode realizes the side-radiation, and then part of the signal is coupled to the outer edge of the open slot 111 through the coplanar coupling, and flows back to the metal reflective floor 3 through the grounding rod 63. The vertical current formed on the grounding rod 63 generates low elevation angle radiation in the millimeter wave band, which interacts with the millimeter wave side-radiation of the millimeter wave metal patch 12 to form a wide beam radiation effect.

[0032] The parameters of the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention are shown in the following table:

[0033] In the table, l g is the length of dielectric patch 2 and dielectric patch 4, w g is the width of dielectric patch 2 and dielectric patch 4, h 1 is the thickness of dielectric patch 2, h 2 is the thickness of the dielectric patch 4, l 1 is the length of the microwave metal patch 11, w 1 is the width of the microwave metal patch 11, l s is the length of the microwave feeding strip 13, w s is the width of the microwave feeding strip 13, g sis the width of the gap between the microwave feeding strip 13 and the microwave metal patch 11, l 2 is the length of the millimeter wave metal patch 12, w 2 is the width of the millimeter wave metal patch 12, l p is the concave length of the open slot 111, w p is the concave width of the open groove 111, d p is the spacing of the concave portions on the same side of the open groove 111, g l is the side length of the open slot 111, r 1 is the radius of the first probe 61, r 2 is the radius of the second probe 62, r 3 is the radius of the ground rod 63, wf 1 is the width of the microwave feed line, wf 2 is the width of the millimeter wave line.

[0034] The simulation matching and port isolation of the antenna in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, port 1 is the feeding port of the antenna in the microwave frequency band, and port 2 is the feeding port of the antenna in the millimeter wave frequency band. Figure 7 It can be seen that the operating frequency band of this case in the microwave band covers 3.59~3.62 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 0.8%, and the operating frequency band in the millimeter wave band covers 25.9~26.7 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 3%. Figure 8 (a) and Figure 8 (b) shows the antenna’s E Face to face H The simulated radiation patterns are as follows: the 3dB beamwidths are 84.5° and 88.5° respectively. Fig. 9 (a) and Fig. 9 (b) shows the antenna’s E Face to face H The surface simulation radiation pattern, 3dB beam width is 130.6° and 102°. The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate used in this case is 3.38, and the antenna electrical size is 0.26λ L ×0.24λ L ×0.011λ L 3 .

[0035] The specific implementation scheme described above further describes in detail the purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above is only a specific implementation scheme of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by any technician in the field without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microwave millimeter wave common aperture patch antenna, comprising a metal reflective floor (3), an upper dielectric substrate (2) and a microwave metal patch (11) stacked in sequence from bottom to top, characterized in that: The microwave metal patch (11) has an open slot (111) located in the center and a microwave coupling slot (112) located on one side of the open slot (111); the open slot (111) has a millimeter wave metal patch (12) located on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate (2) and excited by the millimeter wave signal; the microwave coupling slot (112) has a microwave feeding strip (13) located on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate (2) and excited by the microwave signal; the outer edge of the open slot (111) is connected to the metal reflective floor (3) via a plurality of grounding rods (63) penetrating the upper dielectric substrate (2) and being symmetrical about the center of the millimeter wave metal patch (12); the millimeter wave signal excites the millimeter wave metal patch (12) to generate a microwave feed strip (13) excited by the microwave signal. 01 mode, realizing the millimeter wave side radiation of the millimeter wave metal patch (12), the TM of the millimeter wave metal patch (12) 01 Part of the energy of the mode is coupled to the outer edge of the open slot (111) through coplanar coupling and forms a vertical current on the ground rod (63), thereby generating low elevation angle radiation in the millimeter wave band. The millimeter wave side radiation interacts with the low elevation angle radiation in the millimeter wave band to achieve wide beam radiation of the millimeter wave.

2. The microwave millimeter wave common aperture patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave signal is coplanarly coupled to the microwave metal patch (11) through the microwave feeding strip (13), thereby exciting the TM of the microwave metal patch (11). 01 mode, so as to realize microwave side radiation of the microwave metal patch (11).

3. The microwave millimeter wave common aperture patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lower dielectric substrate (4) is arranged on the lower surface of the metal reflection floor (3); a microwave feed line (51) and a millimeter wave feed line (52) are arranged on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate (4); the microwave feed line (51) is connected to a microwave feeding strip (13) via a first probe (61) penetrating the lower dielectric substrate (4), the metal reflection floor (3) and the upper dielectric substrate (2); the millimeter wave feed line (52) is connected to a millimeter wave metal patch (12) via a second probe (62) penetrating the lower dielectric substrate (4), the metal reflection floor (3) and the upper dielectric substrate (2); microwave signals are sequentially fed into the microwave feeding strip (13) via the microwave feed line (51) and the first probe (61); and the millimeter wave signals are sequentially fed into the millimeter wave metal patch (12) via the millimeter wave feed line (52) and the second probe (62).

4. The microwave millimeter wave common aperture patch antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first probe (61) and the second probe (62) are metallized vias, and the metal reflective floor (3) is provided with a first non-metallized groove (31) and a second non-metallized groove (32) for avoiding the first probe (61) and the second probe (62).

5. The microwave millimeter wave common aperture patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grounding rod (63) is arranged close to a location where the electric field of the millimeter wave metal patch (12) is relatively strong.

6. The microwave millimeter wave common aperture patch antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The millimeter wave metal patch (12) is rectangular, the open slot (111) forms concave portions at four corners of the millimeter wave metal patch (12), and the grounding rod (63) is arranged near the concave portion of the millimeter wave metal patch (12).

7. The microwave millimeter wave common aperture patch antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: By setting the number of ground rods (63) and / or the distance between the ground rods (63) and the millimeter wave metal patch (12), the magnitude of the vertical current formed on the ground rods (63) is adjusted, thereby adjusting the directivity pattern of the millimeter wave wide beam radiation.

8. The microwave-millimeter-wave common-aperture patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave metal patch (11), the microwave feeding strip (13), the upper dielectric substrate (2) and the metal reflection floor (3) constitute the radiation body of the common aperture patch antenna in the microwave frequency band; A millimeter wave metal patch (12) embedded in an open slot (111) of a microwave metal patch (11), an upper dielectric substrate (2), a metal reflective floor (3) and a ground rod (63) form a wide beam radiation body of a common aperture patch antenna in a millimeter wave frequency band.

9. The microwave millimeter wave common aperture patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grounding rod (63) is a metallized via.

10. The microwave-millimeter-wave common-aperture patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave metal patch (11), the millimeter wave metal patch (12) and the microwave feeding strip (13) constitute a top metal layer (1).

Images