High-altitude unmanned area multi-redundancy input and multi-redundancy output power supply and distribution system

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-redundancy input and multi-redundancy output power supply and distribution system for a high-altitude unmanned area. The power supply and distribution system comprises N distributed energy modules and M standby energy storage modules. Each distributed energy module comprises a group of power generation modules, a battery management system (BMS), an energy storage unit and a power distribution unit; wherein the group of power generation modules comprises at least one of a photovoltaic cell input module and a fan power generation input module; the N distributed energy modules are connected in parallel; the N battery management systems BMS of the N distributed energy modules are connected with one another to perform cooperative control and data interaction; the N power distribution units of the N distributed energy modules are connected with each other for cooperative power distribution. And each standby energy storage module in the M standby energy storage modules is connected with the N distributed energy modules. Wherein the multi-redundancy input comprises first-order redundancy input and second-order redundancy input; the multi-redundancy output comprises first-order redundancy output and second-order redundancy output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power supply and distribution in extreme high-altitude environments, and in particular to a power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs in high-altitude uninhabited areas. Background Art

[0002] The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an uninhabited area above 5,000 meters above sea level with harsh environmental and climatic conditions. The lowest temperature can reach -32°C and the highest temperature can reach 20°C, with a large temperature difference between day and night. The air pressure is low, with the lowest atmospheric pressure being as low as about 0.5 standard atmospheres (50KPa).

[0003] In recent years, as the country has paid more and more attention to scientific exploration, observation and research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the natural environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with high altitude, low air pressure, high ultraviolet rays and large temperature difference between day and night makes the traditional power distribution system prone to component damage and aging, and difficult to maintain, resulting in difficulty in ensuring the stability and reliability of energy supply. Power outages then lead to the loss or damage of measurement data of scientific research instruments and equipment, seriously affecting scientific exploration and research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

[0004] At present, there is an urgent need to systematically solve the problem of energy supply for large-scale scientific research observation instruments and equipment in extremely high-altitude uninhabited areas, to ensure the normal operation of scientific research instruments and equipment in extreme environments and the real-time acquisition of scientific data. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs in a high-altitude uninhabited area, so as to solve the problem that the traditional energy supply of large-scale scientific research observation instruments and equipment in extremely high-altitude uninhabited areas is poor in stability and difficult to ensure reliability.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] The embodiment of the present invention provides a power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs in a high-altitude unmanned area, the power supply and distribution system comprising: N distributed energy modules and M backup energy storage modules, wherein N is a positive integer determined according to load demand, the altitude of a measuring point, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data; M is a positive integer determined according to the altitude of a measuring point, temperature data, and technical parameters of the backup energy storage module; Each distributed energy module includes: a group of power generation modules, a battery management system BMS, an energy storage unit, and a distribution unit; wherein any group of power generation modules includes: including: at least one of a photovoltaic cell input module and a wind turbine power generation input module; N distributed energy modules are connected in parallel; N battery management systems BMS of N distributed energy modules are connected to each other for coordinated control and data exchange; N distribution units of N distributed energy modules are connected to each other for coordinated power distribution; each of the M backup energy storage modules is connected to the N distributed energy modules; wherein the multiple redundant inputs include: first-order redundant inputs and second-order redundant inputs; the first-order redundant inputs are for each power generation module in the N distributed energy modules to charge the corresponding energy storage unit, and the second-order redundant inputs are for the M backup energy storage modules to charge the energy storage units in the N distributed energy modules; the multiple redundant outputs include: first-order redundant outputs and second-order redundant outputs; the first-order redundant outputs are for the N distributed energy modules to coordinately distribute power to the load; the second-order redundant outputs are for the M backup energy storage modules to distribute power to the load.

[0008] Optionally, the method for determining the number N of distributed energy modules is as follows: according to the altitude, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data of the measurement point, the power generation of the photovoltaic cell module and the power generation of the wind turbine power generation module are predicted through the first target training model to obtain the power generation prediction value of each distributed energy module; the load demand is divided by the power generation prediction value of each distributed energy module and rounded up to obtain the number N of distributed energy modules. Among them, the first target training model is a long short-term memory neural network model LSTM built according to the altitude of the measurement point, historical temperature data, historical sunshine duration data, historical wind data, and historical power generation data of the same type of photovoltaic solar panels and wind turbines.

[0009] Optionally, the method for determining the number M of backup energy storage modules is as follows: according to the historical energy module failure rate data table corresponding to the historical altitude and historical temperature data, with reference to the altitude of the measurement point and the temperature data of the measurement point, the system backup power is determined; according to the system backup power and the technical parameters of the backup energy storage module, the number M of the backup energy storage module is determined. Among them, the historical energy module failure rate data table includes: historical altitude, historical temperature data, energy module loss rate, and backup power compensation amount.

[0010] Optionally, the number M of the backup energy storage modules is determined according to the system backup power and technical parameters of the backup energy storage modules, specifically including:

[0011] The number M of backup energy storage modules is obtained by dividing the system backup power by the storage capacity of the backup energy storage module, multiplying by a basic coefficient k and rounding up; wherein the value range of the basic coefficient k is 1.25 to 1.37.

[0012] Optionally, the battery management system BMS of each distributed energy module is set with a first threshold; if a battery management system BMS detects that the discharge amount of the energy storage unit is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the battery management system BMS controls the energy storage unit to stop discharging; wherein the first threshold is determined based on the battery composition of each distributed energy module, the charging and discharging frequency, and the basic parameters of the energy storage unit.

[0013] Optionally, the battery management system BMS of each distributed energy module starts the self-heating function after detecting that the first condition is met, and stops heating after heating to the target temperature. The target temperature is 0°C, and the first condition includes the following conditions 1 to 3, which are met at the same time: Condition 1: The battery management system BMS detects that the energy storage unit load state SOC>80%; Condition 2: Any power generation module works normally; Condition 3: The battery management system BMS detects that the energy storage unit temperature is less than -10°C.

[0014] Optionally, the first-order redundant input includes: any power generation module in the ith distributed energy module can charge the connected ith energy storage unit; after the ith energy storage unit is fully charged, the excess power can charge (Ni) energy storage units; wherein, any power generation module refers to any one of the AC power input module, DC power input module, photovoltaic cell input module, wind turbine power input module, and fuel cell input module; (Ni) energy storage units are energy storage units in other energy modules except the ith distributed energy module in the N distributed energy modules; i is a positive integer less than or equal to N. The second-order redundant input includes: if the power of the ith energy storage unit in the ith distributed energy module is less than or equal to the first threshold, the jth backup energy storage module charges the ith energy storage unit in the ith distributed energy module; wherein, j is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

[0015] Optionally, the first-order redundant output includes: N distributed energy modules coordinately distribute power to the load through the distribution circuit according to the preset distribution priority. The second-order redundant output includes: if the power of the i-th energy storage unit of the N distributed energy modules meets the second condition, then the M backup energy storage modules charge the i-th energy storage unit and distribute power to the load through the distribution circuit; wherein, the second condition is that the power of the i-th energy storage unit of the N distributed energy modules is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold; the first threshold is the critical value to prevent the energy storage unit from over-discharging, and the second threshold is the minimum power to maintain the data interaction of each battery management system BMS; i is a positive integer less than or equal to N.

[0016] Optionally, N distribution units are interconnected to form a total distribution system for implementing voltage regulation and multi-core redundant output and power distribution to loads.

[0017] Optionally, at least one of the M backup energy storage modules is disposed underground, and is regularly maintained every three months, and a group of backup energy storage modules is replaced every two years.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0019] On the one hand, an example of the present invention provides a power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs in a high-altitude unmanned area, including: N distributed energy modules and M backup energy storage modules. The number of distributed energy modules N is determined comprehensively based on load demand, the altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data, using an artificial intelligence algorithm; M is determined based on the altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, and technical parameters of the backup energy storage module. Therefore, while meeting the traditional energy supply needs of large-scale scientific research observation instruments and equipment in high-altitude unmanned areas, it can effectively reduce the number of backup energy storage modules, greatly saving scientific research costs.

[0020] On the other hand, the N energy modules and M backup energy storage modules of the present invention are distributedly interconnected, and each distributed energy module includes multiple power generation modules. Compared with the traditional energy structure, the present application provides two levels of mutual backup and redundancy in three aspects: energy input (i.e., "first-order redundant input" of multiple power generation modules, "second-order redundant input" of backup energy storage module input), energy storage (storage of energy storage units in N energy modules, storage of M backup energy storage modules), and energy distribution output (i.e., "first-order redundant output" of N energy modules to loads, "second-order redundant output" of M backup energy storage modules to loads), which greatly improves the ability and stability of the entire energy system to ensure energy supply in high-altitude uninhabited areas.

[0021] On the other hand, the present invention introduces M backup energy storage modules, which can store electricity when the power generation is sufficient, and when the external energy input is lost due to certain extreme environments, the energy stored in the energy storage unit can still be used to supply power to the load in a redundant manner to prevent data loss, and to reversely supply power to N energy modules to ensure data interaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system in a high-altitude uninhabited area;

[0023] Figure 2 A structural diagram of a power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs without M backup energy storage modules;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the composition of a single energy module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The term "and / or" in this article is a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The symbol " / " in this article indicates that the associated objects are in an or relationship, for example, A / B means A or B.

[0027] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of the present invention are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order of the objects. For example, a first threshold value and a second threshold value are used to distinguish different threshold values ​​rather than to describe a specific order of the threshold values.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more than two. For example, a plurality of resistors refers to two or more resistor elements.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs in a high-altitude uninhabited area, the power supply and distribution system comprising: N distributed energy modules and M backup energy storage modules, wherein N is a positive integer determined according to load demand, the altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data; M is a positive integer determined according to the altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, and technical parameters of the backup energy storage module.

[0031] Each distributed energy module includes: a group of power generation modules, a battery management system BMS, a energy storage unit, and a distribution unit; wherein any group of power generation modules includes: at least one of a photovoltaic cell input module and a wind turbine power generation input module; and may also include several of an AC power input module, a DC power input module, and a fuel cell input module.

[0032] N distributed energy modules are connected in parallel.

[0033] The N battery management systems BMS of the N distributed energy modules are interconnected for coordinated control and data exchange.

[0034] The N distribution units of the N distributed energy modules are interconnected for coordinated power distribution.

[0035] Each of the M backup energy storage modules is connected to the N distributed energy modules.

[0036] The multiple redundant inputs include: first-order redundant inputs and second-order redundant inputs.

[0037] The first-order redundant input is that each power generation module in the N distributed energy modules charges the corresponding energy storage unit, and the second-order redundant input is that the M backup energy storage modules charge the energy storage units in the N distributed energy modules;

[0038] Multiple redundant outputs include: first-order redundant output and second-order redundant output;

[0039] The first-order redundant output is N distributed energy modules coordinating power distribution to the load; the second-order redundant output is M backup energy storage modules distributing power to the load.

[0040] It should be noted that if Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a high-altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system provided by this application. Figure 2 The structure diagram of the power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs without M backup energy storage modules is shown in FIG. Figure 3 It is the composition structure diagram of a single energy module, where: Figure 3It is shown that any group of power generation modules may include: an AC power input module, a DC power input module, a photovoltaic cell input module, a wind turbine power generation input module, a fuel cell input module or a combination of one or more thereof. Figure 2 for Figure 3 N distributed parallel combinations of a single energy module are used to illustrate that the overall energy system adopts a distributed energy architecture, and the energy system can be composed of multiple energy modules. Figure 1 It is a power supply and distribution system structure diagram with M backup energy storage modules added on the basis of N distributed parallel combinations. Figure 1 The "XX energy" shown refers to other possible energy sources besides the AC power input module, DC power input module, photovoltaic cell input module, and wind turbine power input module, which may be biomass energy, geothermal energy, etc.

[0041] Optional, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, if the measurement point is unknown and can obtain AC power or DC power nearby, the N distributed energy modules at the measurement point are mainly AC power input modules or DC power input modules, supplemented by a small number of photovoltaic cell input modules and wind turbine power generation input modules. If the measurement point is at a high altitude and rarely visited, the N distributed energy modules at the measurement point are mainly photovoltaic cell input modules and wind turbine power generation input modules, or all photovoltaic cell input modules, or wind turbine power generation input modules, or a combination of the two.

[0042] Optionally, when a group of power generation modules is connected to a battery management system BMS, different conditioning power supplies can be set according to the energy type of the power generation module. Figure 1 Taking the energy module 1 in the example, the group of power generation modules includes: AC power supply, DC power supply, photovoltaic cell, wind turbine power generation and XX energy; wherein, the AC power supply is connected to the battery management system BMS in the energy module 1 through the ACDC unit 11, the DC power supply is connected to the DCDC unit 12, the photovoltaic cell is connected to the MPPT unit 13, the wind turbine power generation is connected to the ACDC unit 14, and the XX energy is connected to the regulation unit 1n. The same is true for energy modules 2 to N, which can refer to the connection method in energy module 1.

[0043] It should be noted that in high-altitude areas of the plateau, the light intensity and duration vary greatly in some areas, and the wind energy is relatively abundant in some areas. In actual scientific expeditions, the light and wind energy in the actual measurement point area shall prevail.

[0044] Optionally, N battery management systems BMS of N distributed energy modules are interconnected, which can, on the one hand, realize coordinated control of multiple battery management systems BMS (one implementation method is: use a central control unit to connect each battery management system BMS in turn, and coordinately control the output power of each BMS system; another implementation method is: N battery management systems BMS are interconnected in turn, and the battery management system BMS controls the DC / AC bidirectional converter in the distribution system, or the PCS bidirectional converter system output power through the CAN bus according to the built-in program), and on the other hand, realize data interaction of N battery management systems BMS, which includes: control data of each battery management system BMS, data backup of some detection equipment (in order to prevent data loss due to power failure, some detection equipment backs up multiple copies of data, one of which is directly connected to the battery management system BMS, giving priority to power supply and data synchronization) to prevent data loss.

[0045] Optionally, the first-order redundant input includes:

[0046] Any power generation module in the i-th distributed energy module can charge the connected i-th energy storage unit;

[0047] After the i-th energy storage unit is fully charged, the excess electric energy can be used to charge (Ni) energy storage units;

[0048] Among them, any power generation module refers to any one of the AC power input module, DC power input module, photovoltaic cell input module, wind turbine power input module, and fuel cell input module; the i-th distributed energy module is any one of the N distributed energy modules, and the (Ni) energy storage units are energy storage units in other energy modules among the N distributed energy modules except the i-th distributed energy module; i is a positive integer less than or equal to N.

[0049] Optionally, after any energy module among the N distributed energy modules completes its own charging, it can charge the energy storage units in other (N-1) distributed energy modules through a parallel circuit. If there is excess power, it can also charge the M backup energy storage modules.

[0050] For example, Figure 1 As shown, it is assumed that energy module 1 uses photovoltaic cells and energy module 2 uses wind turbines to generate electricity ( Figure 1 In some areas at high altitudes of the plateau, the effective sunshine time exceeds 8 hours per day. When there is sunshine, the photovoltaic solar panels work and the generated electricity is first supplied to the first energy storage unit (i.e. Figure 1Energy module 1 charges the energy storage battery connected to the battery management system BMS. After the charging of the first energy storage unit is completed, the excess electric energy is used to charge the energy storage units in energy module 2, energy module 3, ..., energy module N.

[0051] Similarly, in some areas at high altitudes, the effective sunlight time is short (due to factors such as weather and seasons), but the wind energy resources are abundant. Energy module 2, which uses wind turbines to generate electricity, can be used more. As long as there is wind, whether it is day or night, energy module 2 will continuously generate electricity and give priority to the second energy storage unit (i.e. Figure 1 Energy module 2 (the energy storage battery connected to the battery management system BMS) is charged. After the second energy storage unit is charged, the excess electric energy is used to charge the energy storage units in energy module 1, energy module 3, ..., energy module N.

[0052] Optionally, the second-order redundant input includes:

[0053] If the power of the i-th energy storage unit in the i-th distributed energy module is less than or equal to the first threshold, the j-th backup energy storage module charges the i-th energy storage unit in the i-th distributed energy module.

[0054] Wherein, j is a positive integer less than or equal to M, i is a positive integer less than or equal to N, and the first threshold is a critical value for preventing the energy storage unit from over-discharging.

[0055] Optionally, when the power level of the jth energy module among the N distributed energy modules is lower than the over-discharge critical value (i.e., the first threshold), discharging is stopped and the jth energy module among the M energy storage units is charged to prevent irreversible battery loss caused by over-discharge.

[0056] It should be noted that the above-mentioned first threshold is a critical value to prevent the energy storage unit from over-discharging. Specifically, each energy storage unit (i.e., energy storage battery) in the N distributed energy modules can be set according to the basic parameters, usage frequency, usage duration, etc. of the energy storage battery. For example, if the energy storage battery corresponding to the energy module of the wind turbine power generation is used more frequently at the measurement point with abundant wind energy resources, the corresponding first threshold can be set to 80% of the battery load state SOC; if the effective light time is short (such as weather and season factors), the corresponding first threshold can be set to 85% of the battery load state SOC.

[0057] For example, Figure 1 As shown in the figure, assuming that energy module 1 uses photovoltaic cells, the first threshold value corresponding to the first energy storage battery is 85% of the battery load state SOC; assuming that energy module 2 uses wind turbines for power generation, the first threshold value corresponding to the second energy storage battery is 80% of the battery load state SOC ( Figure 1Various power supply forms are shown, which are given here as examples).

[0058] If the power of the first energy storage unit in energy module 1 is greater than or equal to 85% of the first threshold battery load state SOC (which can also be described as the remaining power load state is less than or equal to 15%) when supplying power to the load, the second backup energy storage module among the M energy storage units charges the first energy storage unit in the first distributed energy module.

[0059] If the power of the second energy storage unit in energy module 2 is greater than or equal to 80% of the first threshold battery load state SOC (which can also be described as the remaining power load state is less than or equal to 20%) when supplying power to the load, the first backup energy storage module among the M energy storage units charges the first energy storage unit in the first distributed energy module.

[0060] Optionally, the first-order redundant output includes:

[0061] N distributed energy modules coordinate power distribution to the load through the distribution circuit according to the preset power distribution priority.

[0062] Optionally, the present application can classify the load into three levels according to priority, and the order of priority from high to low is: primary load, secondary load, and tertiary load. Among them, the primary load may include: data storage module of the detection equipment, communication module, core detection equipment, converter, heating component, etc.

[0063] The battery management system BMS gives priority to ensuring power supply to the primary loads, followed by the secondary loads and the tertiary loads according to the power reserve. If power is restored, the primary loads are also given priority, followed by the secondary loads and the tertiary loads.

[0064] There are two ways to implement load collaborative power distribution: one is to use a central control unit to connect each battery management system BMS in sequence to collaboratively control the output power of each BMS system; the other is to interconnect N battery management systems BMS in sequence, and the battery management system BMS controls the DC / AC bidirectional converter in the distribution system or the PCS bidirectional converter system output power through the CAN bus according to the built-in program.

[0065] It should be noted that the power distribution circuit adopts mature existing technology and this application does not make any specific limitations.

[0066] Optionally, the above-mentioned second-order redundant output includes:

[0067] If the power of the i-th energy storage unit of the N distributed energy modules meets the second condition, the M backup energy storage modules charge the i-th energy storage unit and distribute power to the load through the power distribution circuit;

[0068] Among them, the second condition is that the power of the i-th energy storage unit of N distributed energy modules is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold; the first threshold is the critical value to prevent over-discharge of the energy storage unit, and the second threshold is the minimum power to maintain data interaction between each battery management system BMS; i is a positive integer less than or equal to N.

[0069] It should be noted that the first threshold is greater than or equal to the second threshold. When the power of the energy storage unit of a certain energy module is lower than the first threshold, in order to prevent over-discharge, the power distribution task of the energy storage unit is stopped; if the energy storage unit is temporarily not charged in time by the M backup energy storage modules (such as other high-priority power distribution, or the M backup energy storage modules themselves are insufficient), in the case of low temperature on the plateau, the power of the energy storage unit will be reduced again. When it is reduced to the second threshold (if the power is reduced again, it will directly affect the data interaction of each battery management system BMS; or encounter factors such as severe low temperature weather and cause direct power outages), the above-mentioned second-order redundant output conditions are met, and the M backup energy storage modules charge the j-th energy storage unit and distribute power to the load through the distribution circuit.

[0070] Optionally, the battery management system BMS of each distributed energy module is set with a first threshold; if a battery management system BMS detects that the discharge amount of the energy storage unit is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the battery management system BMS controls the energy storage unit to stop discharging.

[0071] Among them, the first threshold is determined according to the battery composition, charging and discharging frequency, and basic parameters of the energy storage unit of each distributed energy module.

[0072] The basic parameters include: battery type, input voltage, rated voltage, rated capacity, discharge rate, energy density, power density, etc.

[0073] It should be noted that the single energy module supports multiple energy input (supplement), independent energy storage units, and independent power distribution output units; the single energy module supports multiple redundant energy input (supplement) and multiple redundant power distribution output at the first level, and is not limited to stop working due to the failure of a single input energy source, and has extremely strong system fault tolerance. In addition, it also has the following characteristics:

[0074] (1) Each energy input unit, such as Figure 3 11, 12, 13, 14, ... 1n of the first energy module shown all support anti-reverse, and the failure, malfunction or offline of any energy source will not affect the normal operation of other input units.

[0075] (2) Energy input unit, such as Figure 3The working energy demand of 11, 12, 13, 14, ... 1n of the first energy module shown does not rely on the energy storage unit to work, and its own working energy consumption is taken from the power supply input, so it is beneficial to reduce the energy consumption in extreme environments. When the energy storage unit of the module is in the over-discharge protection state, in order to minimize the energy consumption under the condition of lack of energy supplement (input), the energy storage unit has been protected and only charging is allowed but not discharging. When any energy input (supplement) unit is valid, the energy storage unit can be charged at any time.

[0076] Optionally, the battery management system BMS of each distributed energy module starts the self-heating function after detecting that the first condition is met, and stops heating after heating to the target temperature;

[0077] The target temperature is 0°C, and the first condition includes the following conditions 1 to 3, which are satisfied at the same time:

[0078] Condition 1: The battery management system BMS detects that the energy storage unit load state SOC>80%;

[0079] Condition 2: Any power generation module works normally;

[0080] Condition 3: The battery management system BMS detects that the energy storage unit temperature is less than -10°C.

[0081] It should be noted that triggering the above-mentioned first condition can start the self-heating function, which can effectively improve the battery utilization rate, thereby extending the battery life and improving the operating stability of the entire power supply and distribution system under low temperature conditions.

[0082] In addition, considering the low temperature environment of the plateau, continuous heating will lead to energy consumption, and low-temperature energy storage batteries need to be used. According to the performance of low-temperature lithium batteries that have been used, the capacity retention rate and discharge performance of some lithium batteries are significantly reduced in environments below -10°C. Some lithium batteries perform well at -10°C, but in environments below -30°C, their capacity retention rate and discharge performance drop drastically. However, this application selects a temperature that is easier to trigger when setting condition 3 in the first condition. This value needs to be determined comprehensively based on the specific battery materials, the lithium batteries required for special environments, and the basic parameters of the lithium battery. In actual working conditions, the performance temperature of lithium batteries in normal temperature environments at normal altitudes is appropriately 3-7°C higher than that of conventional batteries.

[0083] Optionally, N power distribution units are interconnected to achieve voltage regulation and multi-core redundant output to distribute power to the load.

[0084] Optionally, at least one of the M backup energy storage modules is disposed underground, and is regularly maintained every three months, and a group of backup energy storage modules is replaced every two years.

[0085] Since the N energy modules and M backup energy storage modules of the present invention are distributedly interconnected, and each distributed energy module includes multiple power generation modules (for example, photovoltaic cell input modules or wind turbine power generation input modules, or power generation modules of a combination of the two are arranged at high-altitude and sparsely populated measurement points), compared with traditional energy structures, the present application provides two levels of mutual backup and redundancy in three aspects: energy input (i.e., "first-order redundant input" of multiple power generation module inputs, "second-order redundant input" of backup energy storage module inputs), energy storage (storage of energy storage units in N energy modules, storage of M backup energy storage modules), and energy distribution output (i.e., "first-order redundant output" of N energy modules to loads, "second-order redundant output" of M backup energy storage modules to loads), which greatly improves the ability and stability of the entire energy system to ensure energy supply in high-altitude uninhabited areas.

[0086] Optionally, the method for determining the number N of distributed energy modules specifically includes the following steps 101 to 102:

[0087] Step 101: According to the altitude, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data of the measurement point, the power generation of the photovoltaic cell module and the power generation of the wind turbine power generation module are predicted through the first target training model to obtain the power generation prediction value of each distributed energy module.

[0088] Step 102: Divide the load demand by the predicted power generation value of each distributed energy module and round up to obtain the number N of distributed energy modules.

[0089] Among them, the first target training model is a long short-term memory neural network model LSTM, which is built based on the altitude of the measurement point, historical temperature data, historical sunshine duration data, historical wind data, and historical power generation data of the same type of photovoltaic solar panels and wind turbines.

[0090] Optionally, the specific steps of building the long short-term memory neural network model LSTM include the following steps 102a to 102c:

[0091] Step 102a, obtaining the altitude, historical temperature data, historical sunshine duration data, historical wind power data, and historical power generation data of the same type of photovoltaic solar panels and wind turbines of the measurement point, and dividing them into a training set and a test set in a ratio of 8:2;

[0092] Step 102b: Determine the target parameters of the long short-term memory neural network model LSTM based on the training set data, and continuously iterate through the Adam optimization algorithm until the condition of minimizing the loss function is met.

[0093] Among them, the target parameters include: the number of hidden layers, the number of hidden layer nodes, the learning rate, the number of iterations, and the loss function is the mean square error value.

[0094] Specifically, the LSTM neural network model contains several unit modules, each of which is composed of neurons and multiplication units, where the multiplication unit is used to implement data input, output, and forgetting. Compared with the convolutional neural network CNN and the recurrent neural network RNN, the LSTM neural network model has an additional hidden state C, called the unit state. In addition to the unit state, it also includes a forget gate, an input gate, and an output gate.

[0095] Among them, the forget gate can decide whether to retain the state of the hidden unit in the previous layer with a certain probability. Its input is the output of the previous layer and the sequence data. The output is obtained through the Sigmoid function, which represents the possibility that the state of the unit in the previous layer is forgotten. The output value ranges from 0 to 1, 1 represents all retention, and 0 represents all discarded. The input gate mainly determines what information to add and how much information to add to the unit state. It mainly consists of two parts. One part determines which values ​​to update through the Sigmoid function, and the other part generates new candidate values ​​through the Tanh function. The forget gate is combined with the input gate to obtain a new unit state, that is, discard unnecessary information, add new information, and finally the output gate determines the output of the model. First, the Sigmoid function is used to obtain the initial output, and then the output value is scaled to between -1 and 1 through the Tanh function, and then multiplied by the output obtained by the Sigmoid function to obtain the output of the model.

[0096] Step 102c: Verify through the test set data whether the constructed LSTM neural network model meets the modeling requirements of the model.

[0097] Among them, the modeling requirement is that the fitting coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.92.

[0098] It is understandable that since the number N of distributed energy modules is based on the altitude, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data of the measurement point, and is predicted by the LSTM model, compared with traditional empiricism, this method has more historical data as a basis, which can greatly improve the accuracy of designing the number N of distributed energy modules and avoid waste of resources due to excessive configuration.

[0099] Optionally, the method for determining the number M of backup energy storage modules specifically includes the following steps 201 to 202:

[0100] Step 201: Determine the system backup power according to the failure rate data table of the historical energy module corresponding to the historical altitude and historical temperature data, with reference to the altitude and temperature data of the measuring point.

[0101] Among them, the historical energy module failure rate data table includes: historical altitude, historical temperature data, energy module loss rate, and compensation amount of standby power.

[0102] It should be noted that the above historical altitude and temperature data corresponding to the historical energy module failure rate data table is a table summarized by scientific expedition personnel based on many years of scientific expedition observation experience. This table is only applicable to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (special low temperature, low pressure and high altitude conditions), and the table can refer to the altitude and temperature data of the measurement point to determine the system backup power value.

[0103] Step 202: Determine the number M of backup energy storage modules according to the system backup power and technical parameters of the backup energy storage modules.

[0104] Optionally, the number M of the backup energy storage modules is obtained by dividing the system backup power by the storage capacity of the backup energy storage module, multiplying by a basic coefficient k and rounding the result.

[0105] The basic coefficient k ranges from 1.25 to 1.37, preferably 1.37.

[0106] It is understandable that since the number M of spare energy storage modules is determined based on a failure rate data table of historical energy modules that conform to plateau environments, it is more in line with actual working conditions.

[0107] The example of the present invention provides a power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs in a high-altitude unmanned area, including: N distributed energy modules and M backup energy storage modules. On the one hand, the number of backup energy storage modules M and the number of distributed energy modules N are determined comprehensively based on load demand, the altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data, using artificial intelligence algorithms. While meeting the traditional energy supply needs of large-scale scientific research observation instruments and equipment in high-altitude unmanned areas, it can effectively reduce the number of backup energy storage modules and greatly save scientific research costs. On the other hand, the present invention has N energy modules and M backup energy storage modules that are interconnected in a distributed manner, and each distributed energy module includes multiple power generation modules. Compared with the traditional energy structure, the present application provides two levels of mutual backup and redundancy in three aspects: energy input (i.e., "first-order redundant input" of multiple power generation modules, "second-order redundant input" of backup energy storage module input), energy storage (storage of energy storage units in N energy modules, storage of M backup energy storage modules), and energy distribution output (i.e., "first-order redundant output" of N energy modules to loads, "second-order redundant output" of M backup energy storage modules to loads), which greatly improves the ability and stability of the entire energy system to ensure energy supply in high-altitude unmanned areas. On the other hand, the present invention introduces M backup energy storage modules, which can store electricity when the power generation is sufficient, and can also use the energy stored in the energy storage unit to power the load (i.e., scientific research instruments) in a multi-redundant manner to prevent data loss when the external energy input is missing due to certain extreme environments, and reverse power supply to N energy modules to ensure data interaction.

[0108] The above embodiments are preferred examples for implementing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any non-essential additions and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the technical features of the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power supply and distribution system with multiple redundant inputs and multiple redundant outputs in a high altitude uninhabited area, characterized in that: The power supply and distribution system includes: N distributed energy modules and M backup energy storage modules, wherein N is a positive integer determined according to load demand, altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, sunshine duration data, and wind data; M is a positive integer determined according to altitude of the measurement point, temperature data, and technical parameters of the backup energy storage module; Each distributed energy module includes: a group of power generation modules, a battery management system BMS, an energy storage unit, and a power distribution unit; wherein any group of power generation modules includes: at least one of a photovoltaic cell input module and a wind turbine power generation input module; N distributed energy modules are connected in parallel; N battery management systems (BMS) of N distributed energy modules are interconnected for coordinated control and data exchange; N distribution units of N distributed energy modules are interconnected to perform coordinated power distribution; Each of the M backup energy storage modules is connected to the N distributed energy modules; Among them, the multiple redundant inputs include: first-order redundant input and second-order redundant input; the first-order redundant input is that each power generation module in the N distributed energy modules charges the corresponding energy storage unit, and the second-order redundant input is that the M backup energy storage modules charge the energy storage units in the N distributed energy modules; Multiple redundant outputs include: first-order redundant output and second-order redundant output; the first-order redundant output is N distributed energy modules coordinating power distribution to the load; the second-order redundant output is M backup energy storage modules distributing power to the load.

2. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for determining the number N of distributed energy modules is: According to the altitude, temperature, sunshine duration and wind data of the measurement point, the power generation of the photovoltaic cell module and the wind turbine power generation module are predicted through the first target training model to obtain the power generation prediction value of each distributed energy module; The number N of distributed energy modules is obtained by dividing the load demand by the predicted power generation value of each distributed energy module and rounding up; Among them, the first target training model is a long short-term memory neural network model LSTM, which is built based on the altitude of the measurement point, historical temperature data, historical sunshine duration data, historical wind data, and historical power generation data of the same type of photovoltaic solar panels and wind turbines.

3. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for determining the number M of backup energy storage modules is: According to the historical energy module failure rate data table corresponding to the historical altitude and historical temperature data, the system backup power is determined with reference to the altitude and temperature data of the measurement point; Determine the number M of backup energy storage modules based on the system backup power and technical parameters of the backup energy storage modules; Among them, the historical energy module failure rate data table includes: historical altitude, historical temperature data, energy module loss rate, and compensation amount of standby power.

4. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: According to the system backup power and the technical parameters of the backup energy storage modules, the number M of backup energy storage modules is determined, including: The number M of backup energy storage modules is obtained by dividing the system backup power by the storage power of the backup energy storage module, multiplying by a basic coefficient k and rounding. Among them, the value range of the basic coefficient k is 1.25 to 1.

37.

5. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery management system BMS of each distributed energy module is provided with a first threshold; If a battery management system BMS detects that the discharge amount of the energy storage unit is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the battery management system BMS controls the energy storage unit to stop discharging; The first threshold is determined according to the battery composition, charge and discharge frequency, and basic parameters of the energy storage unit of each distributed energy module.

6. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The battery management system BMS of each distributed energy module starts the self-heating function after detecting that the first condition is met; Stop heating after reaching the target temperature; The target temperature is 0°C, and the first condition includes the following conditions 1 to 3, which are satisfied at the same time: Condition 1: The battery management system BMS detects that the energy storage unit load state SOC>80%; Condition 2: Any power generation module works normally; Condition 3: The battery management system BMS detects that the energy storage unit temperature is less than -10°C.

7. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: First-order redundant inputs, including: Any power generation module in the i-th distributed energy module can charge the connected i-th energy storage unit; After the i-th energy storage unit is fully charged, the excess electric energy can be used to charge (Ni) energy storage units; Among them, any power generation module refers to any one of the AC power input module, DC power input module, photovoltaic cell input module, wind turbine power input module, and fuel cell input module; (Ni) energy storage units are energy storage units in other energy modules except the i-th distributed energy module among the N distributed energy modules; i is a positive integer less than or equal to N; Second-order redundant input, including: If the power of the i-th energy storage unit in the i-th distributed energy module is less than or equal to the first threshold, the j-th backup energy storage module charges the i-th energy storage unit in the i-th distributed energy module; Wherein, j is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

8. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: First-order redundant outputs, including: N distributed energy modules coordinate power distribution to loads through power distribution circuits according to preset power distribution priorities; Secondary redundant outputs, including: If the power of the i-th energy storage unit of the N distributed energy modules meets the second condition, the M backup energy storage modules charge the i-th energy storage unit and distribute power to the load through the power distribution circuit; Among them, the second condition is that the power of the i-th energy storage unit of N distributed energy modules is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold; the first threshold is the critical value to prevent over-discharge of the energy storage unit, and the second threshold is the minimum power to maintain data interaction between each battery management system BMS; i is a positive integer less than or equal to N.

9. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: N distribution units are interconnected to form a total distribution system for realizing multi-redundant output power distribution to loads.

10. The high altitude unmanned area multi-redundant input and multi-redundant output power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the M backup energy storage modules is set underground and is regularly maintained every three months, and a group of backup energy storage modules is replaced every two years.

Images