A linear motor module with a water-cooling structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of linear motor modules, and particularly relates to a linear motor module with a water-cooling structure, which includes a base, a slide rail, a stator magnetic rail, a mover seat, a slide seat and a coil winding. An empty groove is formed in the bottom wall of the slide seat, and a plurality of placement grooves are formed in the top wall of the mover seat. Guide rails are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner side walls of the placement grooves. A moving frame is slidably connected to the side walls of the guide rails through electric sliders. A plurality of boxes are slidably connected to the side walls of the moving frame. A first circular tube is rotatably connected through the side wall of each box. A first rotary joint is installed at one end of the first circular tube, and a hollow plate is fixedly communicated with the other end of the first circular tube. By setting structures such as a rack, a hollow plate and a sliding plug, in the process of driving the mover seat to move, cooling water circulates inside a plurality of hollow plates. The cooling water inside the hollow plates will neutralize and absorb the heat around the hollow plates, thereby achieving the effect of water-cooling and temperature reduction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of linear motor modules, and particularly to a linear motor module with a water cooling structure. Background Art

[0002] A linear motor module mainly consists of the following key components: a mover, a stator, a guide rail, a sensor, and a control system. The mover, as the moving part, interacts with the stator through electromagnetic force to achieve linear motion. It is the core moving element in the module, responsible for converting electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy to generate linear displacement. The stator contains coil windings that generate a magnetic field and interact with the mover to produce a driving force. The stator is the stationary part of the linear motor module, and it provides continuous linear motion power for the mover through electromagnetic coupling with the mover. The guide rail can provide a track for the mover to move, ensuring the motion accuracy and stability of the mover. The guide rail plays a role of support and guidance in the linear motor module. It can bear the load and maintain the linearity of the mover during the movement.

[0003] During the operation of the current linear motor module, the coil windings inside it will generate heat due to high-frequency current. If the temperature rises too fast, it will affect the normal operation of the motor and may even cause damage to the motor module. Therefore, in order to maintain the stable operation of the motor and extend its service life, appropriate heat dissipation measures must be taken. Currently, the linear motor module often directly contacts the air through a radiator or a heat sink and uses the conduction of air to the heat for heat dissipation. When the linear motor module is used for a long time or the ambient temperature is high, there is still a risk of abnormal high temperature. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and a linear motor module with a water cooling structure is proposed.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A linear motor module with a water-cooling structure, comprising a base, a slide rail, a stator magnetic rail, a mover seat, a sliding seat and a coil winding. An empty groove is formed in the bottom wall of the sliding seat, and a plurality of placement grooves are formed in the top wall of the mover seat. Guide rails are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner side walls of the placement grooves. A moving frame is slidably connected to the side wall of the guide rail through an electric slider. A plurality of boxes are slidably connected to the side wall of the moving frame. A first circular tube is rotatably connected through the side wall of each box. A first rotary joint is installed at one end of the first circular tube, and a hollow plate is fixedly communicated with the other end of the first circular tube. A worm is rotatably connected to the inner wall of each box. A spline shaft is rotatably connected through the common inner wall of the boxes. The spline shaft is key-connected to the worm. A worm gear is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first circular tube. A first rod is rotatably connected to the side wall of one of the first circular tubes, and second rods are rotatably connected to the side walls of the other plurality of first circular tubes. A third rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the moving frame through a circular shaft.

[0007] Preferably, a second circular tube is fixedly communicated with the end of the hollow plate away from the first circular tube. A second rotary joint is installed at one end of the second circular tube. Adjacent two of the first rotary joints form a group and are fixedly communicated through a telescopic tube. Adjacent two of the second rotary joints form a group and are also fixedly communicated through a telescopic tube.

[0008] Preferably, the first rod is rotatably connected to an adjacent second rod. Adjacent two of the second rods are rotatably connected end to end. The third rod is rotatably connected to an adjacent second rod.

[0009] Preferably, a micro motor and an electric push rod are fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the moving frame. The movable end of the micro motor is fixedly connected to the spline shaft. The movable end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the top wall of an adjacent box. The worm is meshed with an adjacent worm gear.

[0010] Preferably, a rack is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base through a plurality of support columns. A gear is rotatably connected to the side wall of the mover seat. A circular plate is fixedly connected to the shaft part of the gear. A round pin is eccentrically fixedly connected to the side wall of the circular plate. A connecting rod is rotatably connected to the side wall of the round pin.

[0011] Preferably, a cooling box is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mover seat. A box body is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mover seat. A sliding plug is hermetically slidably connected inside the box body. The end of the connecting rod away from the round pin is rotatably connected to the side wall of the sliding plug.

[0012] Preferably, a first tube body and a second tube body are fixedly connected through the side wall of the box body. A third tube body is fixedly connected through the inner wall of the cooling box. The first tube body is fixedly communicated with the cooling box. The second tube body is fixedly communicated with one of the second rotary joints. The third tube body is fixedly communicated with one of the second rotary joints. The first tube body, the second tube body and the third tube body are all one-way tube bodies.

[0013] Preferably, heat conducting plates are symmetrically and sealingly slidably connected inside the hollow plate, shape memory alloy materials are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow plate, and one end of the shape memory alloy material is fixedly connected to the adjacent heat conducting plate.

[0014] Preferably, ventilation holes are symmetrically formed in the inner side wall of the empty groove, and a blower is installed on the inner wall of each ventilation hole.

[0015] Preferably, the slide rails are symmetrically installed on the top wall of the base, the stator magnetic rail is installed on the top wall of the base, the slide seat and the mover seat are fixedly installed, the slide seat is slidably connected to the top of the slide rail, and the coil winding is installed inside the placement groove.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. By arranging structures such as a rack, a hollow plate and a sliding plug, during the process of the stator magnetic rail driving the mover seat to move, at the same time, cooling water can be circulated inside a plurality of hollow plates with an S-shaped flow path, and the cooling water inside the hollow plate will neutralize and absorb the heat around the hollow plate, thereby achieving the effect of water cooling and temperature reduction;

[0018] 2. By arranging structures such as a micro motor, a worm gear and a first round tube, when a plurality of hollow plates dissipate heat in a neutralizing manner, they can also rotate inside the placement groove, so that the gas flow speed inside the placement groove is increased, and the heat exchange between the hot gas and the external gas is accelerated;

[0019] 3. When more heat is generated inside the linear motor module, at this time, the temperature on the surface of the hollow plate will also continue to rise, and the shape memory alloy material drives the heat conducting plate fixedly connected thereto to seal and slide a certain distance inside the hollow plate. At this time, the two heat conducting plates in one hollow plate will approach each other, so that the flow volume inside the hollow plate is reduced, and then the flow speed of the coolant flowing back to the cooling tank can be increased to achieve the effect of accelerating temperature reduction;

[0020] 4. After the linear motor module finishes working, at this time, the electric slider will drive the moving frame to move upward until the end of the stroke, so that the moving frame moves into the empty groove. At this time, the micro motor and the electric push rod are sequentially turned on, so that a plurality of hollow plates are in a state of approaching each other and horizontally arranged. After the blower is started, the external gas is pumped into the empty groove, and the other blower extracts the hot gas inside the empty groove outward, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the hollow plate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a linear motor module with a water cooling structure proposed by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2Structural schematic diagram of a linear motor module with a water cooling structure proposed by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 Internal structural schematic diagram of the box body in a linear motor module with a water cooling structure proposed by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 For Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of part A in

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the telescopic pipe in a linear motor module with a water cooling structure proposed by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 Internal structural schematic diagram of the hollow plate in a linear motor module with a water cooling structure proposed by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the gear and the rack in a linear motor module with a water cooling structure proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 Internal structural schematic diagram of the box body in a linear motor module with a water cooling structure proposed by the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1, base; 2, slide rail; 3, stator magnetic rail; 4, mover seat; 5, sliding seat; 6, empty slot; 7, ventilation hole; 8, fan; 9, coil winding; 10, guide rail; 11, electric slider; 12, placement groove; 13, moving frame; 14, box body; 15, spline shaft; 16, worm; 17, first circular tube; 18, second rotary joint; 19, first rotary joint; 20, telescopic pipe; 21, worm gear; 22, third rod; 23, second rod; 24, first rod; 25, hollow plate; 26, second circular tube; 27, heat conducting plate; 28, shape memory alloy material; 29, round shaft; 31, gear; 32, round plate; 33, round pin; 34, box; 35, sliding plug; 36, connecting rod; 37, first pipe body; 38, second pipe body; 39, cooling box; 40, third pipe body; 42, micro motor; 43, electric push rod; 44, rack; 45, support column. Specific embodiments

[0030] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] Refer to Figure 1 -Figure 8 , a linear motor module with a water-cooling structure, comprising a base 1, a slide rail 2, a stator magnetic rail 3, a mover seat 4, a slide seat 5 and a coil winding 9. An empty groove 6 is formed in the bottom wall of the slide seat 5, and a plurality of placement grooves 12 are formed in the top wall of the mover seat 4. Guide rails 10 are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the inner side walls of the placement grooves 12. Electric sliders 11 are slidably fitted to the side walls of the guide rails 10. A moving frame 13 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the electric slider 11. A plurality of boxes 14 are slidably connected to the side wall of the moving frame 13. A first circular tube 17 is rotatably connected through the side wall of each box 14. A first rotary joint 19 (as Figure 5 shown) is installed at one end of the first circular tube 17. The first rotary joint 19 is a prior art, referring to a pipeline connection device, and the connected pipelines can rotate relative to each other and can be used to convey various media such as gas, liquid, and oil. The other end of the first circular tube 17 is fixedly communicated with a hollow plate 25. A worm 16 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of each box 14. A spline shaft 15 is rotatably connected through the common inner wall of the box 14. The bottom end of the spline shaft 15 is rotatably connected to the bottom inner wall of the moving frame 13. The spline shaft 15 is key-connected to the worm 16. A worm gear 21 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first circular tube 17. A first rod 24 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the lowermost first circular tube 17. Second rods 23 are rotatably connected to the side walls of the other first circular tubes 17. A third rod 22 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the moving frame 13 through a round shaft 29.

[0032] A second circular tube 26 is fixedly communicated with one end of the hollow plate 25 away from the first circular tube 17. The first circular tube 17 and the corresponding second circular tube 26 are coaxially arranged. A second rotary joint 18 is installed at one end of the second circular tube 26. Adjacent two first rotary joints 19 are in a group and are fixedly communicated through a telescopic tube 20. Adjacent two second rotary joints 18 are in a group and are also fixedly communicated through a telescopic tube 20, thus forming an S-shaped flow path for the cooling water.

[0033] The first rod 24 is rotatably connected to the adjacent second rod 23. The adjacent two second rods 23 are rotatably connected end to end. The third rod 22 is rotatably connected to the adjacent second rod 23.

[0034] A micro motor 42 and an electric push rod 43 are fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the moving frame 13. The movable end of the micro motor 42 is fixedly connected to the spline shaft 15. The movable end of the electric push rod 43 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the adjacent box 14. The worm 16 is meshed with the adjacent worm gear 21.

[0035] A rack 44 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base 1 through a plurality of support columns 45. A gear 31 (as Figure 7 shown) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the mover seat 4. A circular plate 32 is fixedly connected to the shaft part of the gear 31. A round pin 33 is eccentrically fixedly connected to the side wall of the circular plate 32. A connecting rod 36 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the round pin 33.

[0036] The side wall of the mover seat 4 is fixedly connected with a cooling box 39. The cooling box 39 is a prior art device, which is internally provided with a refrigerator to cool the coolant. The side wall of the mover seat 4 is fixedly connected with a box body 34. A sliding plug 35 is hermetically and slidably connected inside the box body 34. One end of the connecting rod 36 far from the round pin 33 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the sliding plug 35.

[0037] The inner side wall of the box body 34 is fixedly connected through and penetrated with a first pipe body 37 and a second pipe body 38. The inner wall of the cooling box 39 is fixedly connected through and penetrated with a third pipe body 40. The first pipe body 37 is fixedly communicated with the cooling box 39. The second pipe body 38 is fixedly communicated with one of the second rotary joints 18 located at the uppermost side. The third pipe body 40 is fixedly communicated with one of the second rotary joints 18 located at the lowermost side. The first pipe body 37, the second pipe body 38 and the third pipe body 40 are all one-way pipe bodies.

[0038] Thermal conductive plates 27 are symmetrically and hermetically slidably connected inside the hollow plate 25 (as Figure 6 shown). Memory alloy materials 28 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow plate 25. The memory alloy materials 28 are prior art and will not be elaborated here. One end of the memory alloy material 28 is fixedly connected to the adjacent thermal conductive plate 27.

[0039] Ventilation holes 7 are symmetrically opened on the inner side wall of the empty slot 6. A fan 8 is installed on the inner wall of each ventilation hole 7.

[0040] The slide rails 2 are symmetrically installed on the top wall of the base 1. The stator magnetic rail 3 is installed on the top wall of the base 1. The slide seat 5 is slidably connected to the top of the slide rail 2. The coil winding 9 is installed inside the placement groove 12. The slide seat 5 and the mover seat 4 are fixedly installed.

[0041] In the present invention, when heat generated during the operation of the linear motor module needs to be dissipated, the electric slider 11 is turned on at this time. The electric slider 11 drives the moving frame 13 fixedly connected thereto to move downward into the placement groove 12. When the mover seat 4 slides on the slide rail 2, since the gear 31 rotatably connected to the side wall of the mover seat 4 is meshed with the rack 44, the gear 31 will rotate under the meshing action of the rack 44. Furthermore, the shaft portion of the gear 31 will drive the circular plate 32 fixedly connected thereto to rotate. The circular plate 32 drives the circular pin 33 eccentrically fixedly connected to its side wall to move, so that the circular pin 33 drives the connecting rod 36 rotatably connected thereto to move. The connecting rod 36 drives the piston 35 rotatably connected thereto to slide reciprocally in a sealed manner inside the box body 34. Then, the piston 35 will draw the cooling water inside the cooling tank 39 into the box body 34 through the first pipe 37, and then squeeze the cooling water into the corresponding second rotary joint 18 through the second pipe 38 for circulation. Then, the cooling water will enter the hollow plate 25 through the second rotary joint 18 and the corresponding second circular pipe 26 for circulation. Subsequently, it will enter the adjacent first rotary joint 19, first circular pipe 17, hollow plate 25 and second circular pipe 26 through the first circular pipe 17, first rotary joint 19 and telescopic pipe 20 fixedly connected to the other end of the hollow plate 25 for circulation until the cooling water circulates inside multiple hollow plates 25. Then, part of the cooling water will flow back to the cooling tank 39 through the third pipe 40 to complete the circulation of the cooling water inside multiple hollow plates 25. Since the hollow plate 25 is made of a heat-conducting metal material, the cooling water inside the hollow plate 25 will neutralize and absorb the heat around the hollow plate 25, thereby achieving the effect of water-cooling and temperature reduction.

[0042] To further improve the water-cooling effect, the micro motor 42 can be turned on. The output end of the micro motor 42 drives the spline shaft 15 fixedly connected thereto to rotate. The spline shaft 15 drives multiple worms 16 key-connected thereto to rotate. Then, when each worm 16 rotates, it will drive the worm wheel 21 meshed therewith to rotate, so that the worm wheel 21 drives the first circular pipe 17 fixedly connected thereto to rotate. The first circular pipe 17 drives the hollow plate 25 and the second circular pipe 26 fixedly connected thereto to rotate synchronously. And under the action of the first rotary joint 19 and the second rotary joint 18, it will not interfere with the rotation of the first circular pipe 17, the hollow plate 25 and the second circular pipe 26. When multiple hollow plates 25 rotate inside the placement groove 12, the hollow plates 25 will accelerate the gas flow velocity inside the placement groove 12, accelerating the heat exchange between this part of the gas with heat and the external gas.

[0043] When more heat is generated inside the linear motor module, the temperature on the surface of the hollow plate 25 will also continue to rise. Then the temperature of the cooling water inside the hollow plate 25 will also rise rapidly. When it reaches the deformation temperature of the shape memory alloy material 28, the shape memory alloy material 28 will continuously elongate. Then one end of the shape memory alloy material 28 will drive the heat conduction plate 27 fixedly connected thereto to slide sealingly inside the hollow plate 25 for a certain distance. At this time, the two heat conduction plates 27 in one hollow plate 25 will approach each other, discharging the coolant whose temperature has risen inside the hollow plate 25 and reducing the flow volume inside the hollow plate 25. Then it can accelerate the flow rate of the coolant flowing back to the cooling tank 39 to achieve the effect of accelerating cooling.

[0044] When the linear motor module finishes working, at this time the electric slider 11 will drive the moving frame 13 to move upward until the end of the stroke, so that the moving frame 13 moves into the empty slot 6. At this time, the micro motor 42 is started. The micro motor 42 drives the spline shaft 15 to rotate, so that multiple hollow plates 25 are in a horizontal state. Then the electric push rod 43 is started. The movable end of the electric push rod 43 moves a certain distance and drives the box body 14 fixedly connected thereto to slide upward for a certain distance. Then the box body 14 will drive the first circular tube 17 rotatably connected through its inner wall to move synchronously. The first circular tube 17 drives the first rod 24 rotatably connected to its side wall to move. The first rod 24 drives the second rod 23 rotatably connected thereto to move until multiple second rods 23 move synchronously, and the third rod 22 is used for limiting, so that multiple box bodies 14 and hollow plates 25 approach each other. Then multiple hollow plates 25 will also approach each other and enter the upper part of the inner cavity of the empty slot 6, which can reduce the occupied volume inside the empty slot 6 and save space. After the fan 8 is started, the outside air is pumped into the empty slot 6, and another fan 8 pumps the hot air inside the empty slot 6 outwards. This part of the air will flow through between multiple mutually approaching and horizontally arranged hollow plates 25, improving the heat dissipation effect on the hollow plates 25.

[0045] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A linear motor module with a water cooling structure, comprising a base (1), a slide rail (2), a stator magnetic rail (3), a mover seat (4), a slide seat (5) and a coil winding (9), characterized in that: The bottom wall of the slide seat (5) is provided with an empty groove (6), the top wall of the mover seat (4) is provided with a plurality of placement grooves (12), the inner side walls of the placement grooves (12) are symmetrically fixedly connected with guide rails (10), the side walls of the guide rails (10) are slidably connected with a moving frame (13) via an electric slider (11), the side walls of the moving frame (13) are slidably connected with a plurality of boxes (14), each of the side walls of the boxes (14) is rotatably connected with a first round tube (17), one end of the first round tube (17) is mounted with a first rotating joint (19), and the other end of the first round tube (17) is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (17). A hollow plate (25) is provided, each inner wall of the box body (14) is rotatably connected to a worm (16), a spline shaft (15) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the box body (14), the spline shaft (15) and the worm (16) are keyed together, a worm wheel (21) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first circular tube (17), one of the side walls of the first circular tube (17) is rotatably connected to a first rod (24), and the other side walls of the first circular tubes (17) are rotatably connected to a second rod (23), and the inner wall of the movable frame (13) is rotatably connected to a third rod (22) via a circular shaft (29).

2. A linear motor module with a water cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the hollow plate (25) away from the first circular tube (17) is fixedly connected to a second circular tube (26), one end of the second circular tube (26) is mounted with a second rotating joint (18), two adjacent first rotating joints (19) form a group and are fixedly connected via a telescopic tube (20), and two adjacent second rotating joints (18) form a group and are also fixedly connected via a telescopic tube (20).

3. The linear motor module with a water cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first rod (24) is rotatably connected to an adjacent second rod (23), two adjacent second rods (23) are rotatably connected end to end, and the third rod (22) is rotatably connected to an adjacent second rod (23).

4. The linear motor module with a water cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A micro motor (42) and an electric push rod (43) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the movable frame (13); the movable end of the micro motor (42) is fixedly connected to the spline shaft (15); the movable end of the electric push rod (43) is fixedly connected to the top wall of the adjacent box body (14); and the worm (16) is meshingly connected to the adjacent worm wheel (21).

5. The linear motor module with a water cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the base (1) is fixedly connected to a rack (44) via a plurality of support columns (45); the side wall of the mover seat (4) is rotatably connected to a gear (31); the shaft of the gear (31) is fixedly connected to a circular plate (32); the side wall of the circular plate (32) is eccentrically fixedly connected to a round pin (33); and the side wall of the round pin (33) is rotatably connected to a connecting rod (36).

6. The linear motor module with a water cooling structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The side wall of the mover seat (4) is fixedly connected to a cooling box (39), the side wall of the mover seat (4) is fixedly connected to a box body (34), the inside of the box body (34) is sealingly and slidably connected to a sliding plug (35), and one end of the connecting rod (36) away from the round pin (33) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the sliding plug (35).

7. The linear motor module with a water cooling structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner wall of the box body (34) is penetrated by a first tube body (37) and a second tube body (38) and is fixedly connected thereto; the inner wall of the cooling box (39) is penetrated by a third tube body (40) and is fixedly connected thereto; the first tube body (37) and the cooling box (39) are fixedly connected; the second tube body (38) and one of the second rotating joints (18) are fixedly connected; the third tube body (40) and one of the second rotating joints (18) are fixedly connected; and the first tube body (37), the second tube body (38) and the third tube body (40) are all one-way tube bodies.

8. The linear motor module with a water cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat conducting plate (27) is symmetrically sealed and slidably connected inside the hollow plate (25), a memory alloy material (28) is symmetrically fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow plate (25), and one end of the memory alloy material (28) is fixedly connected to an adjacent heat conducting plate (27).

9. The linear motor module with a water cooling structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner side wall of the hollow slot (6) is symmetrically provided with ventilation holes (7), and a fan (8) is installed on the inner wall of each ventilation hole (7).

10. The linear motor module with a water cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide rail (2) is symmetrically mounted on the top wall of the base (1), the stator magnetic rail (3) is mounted on the top wall of the base (1), the slide seat (5) and the mover seat (4) are fixedly mounted, the slide seat (5) is slidably connected to the top of the slide rail (2), and the coil winding (9) is mounted inside the placement groove (12).

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